2024年高考英语考前必练密卷08（新高考专用）
注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡上。用2B铅笔将试卷类型(A)填涂在答题卡相应位置上。将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处”。
2. 作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑;如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。
3. 非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液，不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
4. 考生必须保持答题卡的整洁：考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30 分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What is the man going to do
A．Hold a party. B．Go to the bookstore. C．Celebrate his birthday.
【答案】A
【原文】W: There’s a sale going on. Would you like to go to the bookstore with me
M: I’d like to, but my uncle is coming to visit us and I’ve arranged a party for him. He’ll celebrate his fiftieth birthday.
2．Who graduated from Nanjing Normal University
A．Nancy’s mother. B．The woman. C．The man.
【答案】A
【原文】W: Michael, your daughter Nancy has gained admission to Nanjing normal university. Right
M: Yes. Word gets around fast.
W: If I remember correctly, it’s also your old school.
M: Actually, it’s my wife’s.
3．What is the man planning to do on Saturday
A．Entertain relatives. B．Skate with friends. C．Go out with Mary.
【答案】A
【原文】W: We’re going skating this weekend. Can you and Mary come along
M: I don’t think we’ll be able to make it. My brother’s family is coming on Saturday.
4．When will the woman meet her cousin
A．Tomorrow evening. B．Tomorrow morning. C．This afternoon.
【答案】C
【原文】M: Gwen came back from Shanghai last night. Let’s hang out with her this afternoon!
W: Sorry, I have to visit my cousin then. I won’t be back until tomorrow morning.
5．Where does the conversation take place
A．In a hotel. B．In a school. C．In a meeting room.
【答案】A
【原文】M: Can you change the room for me It’s too noisy.
W: Sorry, we don’t have any spare room today. Could you wait till tomorrow The American People-to-People Education Delegation will be leaving tomorrow morning.
第二节(共15小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟; 听完后, 各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料, 回答第6、7题。
6．What time is it when the conversation happens
A．At 2:50 pm.
B．At 3:20 pm.
C．Around 3:10 pm
7．What does the woman plan to do with the paper
A．To note down the solar eclipse (日食).
B．To stop the birds singing.
C．To protect her eyes.
【答案】6．C 7．C
【原文】M: It’s said that 70% of the sky will be covered by the biggest solar eclipse in America this century, but it looks perfectly normal. Are you sure we’ll be able to see it in this area
W: It isn’t time yet. You have no patience. They said it would be at 20 minutes past 3. We still have another 10 minutes or so.
M: Is it true that the birds are going to stop singing
W: I’ll believe it when I see it, or rather, hear it. I’m going to go and get the paper to see with it.
M: That’s what you’ve been doing all morning
W: Yeah, well, they said you could go blind looking at it directly, so this is the safest way.
听第7段材料, 回答第8、9题。
8．What does the man work for
A．An online news agency. B．A newspaper. C．A TV channel.
9．Why does the man like to be a journalist
A．He travels a lot. B．He earns a high pay. C．He gets job satisfaction.
【答案】8．A 9．C
【原文】W: What do you do for a living
M: I’m a journalist.
W: Really I have great respect for you guys. Do you work for a newspaper or a television channel
M: I work for an online news agency.
W: Great. When I was in college, I was keen on becoming a journalist, but my parents didn’t support me. They felt that journalism was a risky field to be in, though they are well-paid and do a lot of traveling.
M: Yes, journalists have to take a lot of risks and challenges. Sometimes we risk our own lives in our quest to find the truth. But the satisfaction we get is huge. Actually, that’s what keeps us in this job.
W: You are right. Job satisfaction is far more important than job safety.
听第8段材料, 回答第10-12题。
10．Who works with cars
A．Phil. B．Chris. C．The man.
11．What does the man want in the apartment
A．Two bedrooms.
B．A bathroom with a shower.
C．Two bathrooms and a kitchen.
12．Which part of the city does the man like to live in
A．The north. B．The west. C．The east.
【答案】10．A 11．B 12．B
【原文】W: Hello, Reynolds estate agents here. How may I help you
M: Hello this is bill. I’m ringing to see what flats you have for rent. Three of us are going to share one.
W: I see, are you students
M: No, we’ve all got full time jobs. Two of us work in the central bank. That’s Chris and me. And Phil works for Harlem cars.
W: And I suppose you’ll be looking for somewhere with three bedrooms.
M: Yeah, at least three.
W: Is that with a living room to share plus the kitchen and a bathroom
M: That sounds good. But we must have a bathroom with a shower. We don’t mind having a bath, but the shower is crucial.
W: Okay. I’ll just key that in. Are you interested in any particular area
M: Well the city center is our first preference. But we’d consider anything in the western suburbs. We aren’t interested in the North or the east of the city.
W: OK, I’m just getting up all the flats on our books.
听第9段材料, 回答第13-16题。
13．What is the man doing
A．Preparing for a meeting. B．Exercising. C．Cooking.
14．How does the woman sound at the man’s weight loss
A．Serious. B．Surprised. C．Happy.
15．How does the man get to work now
A．By train. B．By bus. C．By bike.
16．What will the man do to help the woman
A．Make salads for her. B．Go jogging with her. C．Lend a book to her.
【答案】13．C 14．B 15．C 16．C
【原文】W: That smells good. What are you making
M: My breakfast for tomorrow.
W: But it’s almost dinner time!
M: Well, I’ve got a very early start tomorrow morning.
W: What are you going to do
M: I’ve got a meeting at my company’s head office. If I don’t prepare, I know I’ll end up eating something unhealthy at the train station. I’ve also made a salad to take with me for lunch.
W: Wow, I’ve never known you to be this organized! You’re very serious about losing weight, aren’t you
M: I am. And I’m happy to say it’s working!
W: Oh, really
M: Yes, I’ve lost six kilos since I started at the beginning of the year. I weighed 95 kilos when I started in January.
W: That’s amazing…and in only four months! Have you been exercising too
M: Yes. I used to take the bus to work, and now I ride a bike instead.
W: That’s really great. Maybe I should try to learn from you!
M: You don’t need to lose any weight!
W: I may be slim, but I eat way too much junk food. And I drive everywhere, even when it would be easy to walk.
M: Well, I can lend you the book that inspired me.
W: That would be great! Thanks.
听第10段材料, 回答第17-20题。
17．What is the probable relationship between the speakers
A．Schoolmates. B．Relatives. C．Colleagues.
18．What can visitors do in Looking Back
A．Learn about Greek culture.B．Watch some recordings. C．Create building models.
19．Which exhibition will the speakers attend
A．Transport. B．Fun Science. C．Glass Place.
20．When will the speakers probably meet on Sunday
A．At around 12:00. B．At around 1:30 pm. C．At around 3:00 pm.
【答案】17．A 18．B 19．C 20．A
【原文】M: Lisa, have you got a minute We need to talk about which venue we going to choose for this Sunday’s afterschool activity.
W: Sure, the museum I went to last Wednesday with my tutor was pretty interesting. It had several exhibitions on transport from ancient Greece. We can go there.
M: Well, it’s boring to visit one place two times. I’d like to recommend Looking Back. There’s an exhibition that explores the history of the past three hundred years. It has special recordings of local people who told their stories. My elder brother visited once and spoke highly of it.
W: Looking Back, isn’t it on South Main Street I think I’ve been there before.
M: Okay. How about Fun Science We can try the rocket models or watch 3D films about different planets there or we can go and experience the process of glass making in a glass place.
W: Making glass I’ve never seen demonstrations like that. When will that be
M: 1:30 pm on Sunday fifth floor of the city museum.
W: In that case, we can have lunch together and go to the museum afterward.
M: Great! I’ll see you at noon then.
第二部分 阅读(共两节, 满分50分)
第一节(共15小题:每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Reimagining the Outdoors: A Photography Workshop with Julia Reynolds
Discover the art of capturing the beauty of nature in this exclusive online workshop organized by Nature’s Lens Magazine.
Renowned photographer Julia Reynolds will guide participants through the essential techniques and creative processes involved in outdoor photography. Whether you’re a beginner or an experienced photographer, Julia’s expert instruction will inspire you to explore the natural world with your camera lens.
Workshop Highlights:
Exploring Outdoor Photography: Understand the unique challenges and opportunities of outdoor photography.
Composition and Lighting: Learn how to compose stunning outdoor shots and make the most of natural lighting.
Capturing the Moment: Master the art of timing and anticipation to capture the perfect outdoor photograph.
Editing and Post-Processing: Discover essential editing techniques to enhance your outdoor photographs.Who Should Attend:
▲ Photography enthusiasts eager to improve their outdoor photography skills.
▲ Nature lovers looking to capture the beauty of the great outdoors.
▲ Beginners interested in learning the basics of photography.
Workshop Details:
★ Date: Saturday, July 15, 2024
★ Time: 10am-1pm (GMT)
★ Participants will receive a recording of the workshop for future reference.
★ Upon registration, participants will receive an email with access details.
Please note: This workshop will be conducted via Zoom. Participants are advised to review Zoom’s privacy policy and terms and conditions prior to registration. Refunds will not be issued for non-attendance or cancellations.
21．What aspect of photography does the workshop focus on
A．Editing techniques.
B．Composition and lighting.
C．Capturing the moment.
D．Exploring outdoor photography.
22．When might you need to send an email
A．To inquire about the workshop content.
B．Upon purchasing a ticket to the workshop.
C．To receive additional learning materials.
D．If you haven’t received the access details.
23．What benefit is assured for participants
A．Unlimited access to Zoom.
B．Free registration for future workshops.
C．A recording of the workshop.
D．24-hour live broadcasting of the workshop.
【答案】21．D 22．D 23．C
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一个关于户外摄影照相班，内容包括了照相班的重点、
参加对象以及活动细节等。
21．细节理解题。根据第一部分第一段“Discover the art of capturing the beauty of nature in this exclusive online workshop organized by Nature’s Lens Magazine. (在这个由自然镜头杂志组织的独家在线研讨会中发现捕捉大自然之美的艺术。)”和第二段中“Renowned photographer Julia Reynolds will guide participants through the essential techniques and creative processes involved in outdoor photography. (著名摄影师Julia Reynolds将指导参与者完成户外摄影的基本技术和创作过程。)”可知，该照相班的重点是探索户外摄影。故选D项。
22．推理判断题。根据Workshop Details下列条目“Upon registration, participants will receive an email with access details.(注册后，参与者将收到一封包含访问详细信息的电子邮件。)”可知，如果参与者没有收到访问详细信息，需要发邮件。故选D项。
23．细节理解题。根据Workshop Details下列条目“Participants will receive a recording of the workshop for future reference. (参与者将收到研讨会的录音，以备将来参考。)”可知，参与者可以得到照相班的录音作为保证。故选C项。
B
Richard Feynman was arguably the second best known physicist after Einstein. But she is not the only distinguished scientist in the Feynman family.
Born in 1927, Joan Feynman grew up in Queens, New York, alongside her older brother Richard. He would become Joan’s first teacher and someone who helped develop her curious nature, believing her capable of learning all the math and science he could teach her. She would try to solve math problems for the unique reward of getting to pull her brother’s hair and serving as his “lab assistant” at the age of five. For her fourteenth birthday, Richard gave Feynman a copy of Astronomy by Rebecca Horace Baker, a college-level physics text, which both taught her about physics and what was possible. Feynman credited it for proving to her that women could indeed have a career doing science.
Feynman would go on to receive a bachelor’s degree from Oberlin College, before she attended Syracuse University, studying condensed matter theory and earning a PhD in 1958. By 1960, Feynman was married with two children and she decided to take a break from physics to take on the role of homemaker.
The break was short-lived, as Feynman grew depressed from keeping a home and caring for two small children. In 1962, at the advice of a psychologist, she went in search of employment, securing three job offers at multiple institutes. At Lamont, where she worked part-time, Feynman began her research into Earth’s magnetosphere, identifying its shape.
Over the course of her career, Feynman made many breakthroughs in furthering the understanding of solar wind and its interaction with the Earth’s magnetosphere. As author or co-author of more than 185 papers, Feynman’s research accomplishments range from discovering the shape of the Earth’s magnetosphere to identifying the origin of auroras. In 1974, she would
become the first woman ever elected as an officer of the American Geophysical Union, and in 2000 she was awarded NASA’s Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal.
“Joan Feynman leaves a wealth of scientific accomplishments, having made important contributions,” said APS CEO Kate Kirby. “Despite being discouraged to pursue science by social expectations, she persevered, and her accomplishments serve as an inspiration to women who wish to pursue a career in science.”
24．How did Richard influence Joan
A．By preparing her for subjects in college.
B．By introducing her to the world of science.
C．By teaching her the importance of astronomy.
D．By offering her a job serving as his lab assistant.
25．What can be inferred from the passage
A．All women scientists have benefited from Joan’s inspiration.
B．In Joan’s time women were encouraged to become scientists.
C．Pursuing scientific goals contributed to Joan’s psychological well-being.
D．As her first teacher, Richard designed Joan’s career path as an astronomer.
26．Which best describes Joan Feynman as a scientist
A．Successful and wealthy. B．Optimistic and hardworking.
C．Popular and ambitious. D．Productive and acknowledged.
27．What is the best title for the passage
A．Joan Feynman: Survivor of Depression
B．Joan Feynman: Sister of Richard Feynman
C．Joan Feynman: The Lesser-known Feynman
D．Joan Feynman: The Most Successful Woman Scientist
【答案】24．B 25．C 26．D 27．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了理查德·费曼可以说是仅次于爱因斯坦的第二著名的物理学家。但她并不是费曼家族中唯一一位杰出的科学家。尽管社会期望阻碍了她从事科学研究，但她坚持了下来，她的成就激励了那些希望从事科学事业的女性。
24．推理判断题。根据第二段中“He would become Joan’s first teacher and someone who helped develop her curious nature, believing her capable of learning all the math and science he could teach her. She would try to solve math problems for the unique reward of getting to pull her brother’s hair and serving as his “lab assistant” at the age of five. For her fourteenth birthday, Richard gave Feynman a copy of Astronomy by Rebecca Horace Baker, a college-level physics text, which both taught her about physics and what was possible. Feynman credited it for proving to her that women could indeed have a career doing science.(他将成为琼的第一位老师，并帮助
她培养好奇的天性，相信她有能力学习他所教的所有数学和科学。她会试图解决数学问题，以获得独特的奖励：在她五岁的时候拉她哥哥的头发，做他的“实验室助理”。在费曼14岁生日那天，理查德送给她一本丽贝卡·霍勒斯·贝克的《天文学》，这是一本大学水平的物理课本，既教会了她物理知识，也教会了她什么是可能的。费曼认为，这向她证明了女性确实可以从事科学事业)”可推知，理查德通过向琼介绍科学的世界来影响她的。故选B项。
25．推理判断题。根据第四段“The break was short-lived, as Feynman grew depressed from keeping a home and caring for two small children. In 1962, at the advice of a psychologist, she went in search of employment, securing three job offers at multiple institutes. At Lamont, where she worked part-time, Feynman began her research into Earth’s magnetosphere, identifying its shape.(这段休息很短暂，因为费曼因为照顾两个小孩而变得沮丧。1962年，在一位心理学家的建议下，她开始寻找工作，并在多家研究所获得了三份工作。在她兼职工作的拉蒙特，费曼开始了她对地球磁层的研究，确定了它的形状)”以及第五段中“Over the course of her career, Feynman made many breakthroughs in furthering the understanding of solar wind and its interaction with the Earth’s magnetosphere.(在她的职业生涯中，费曼在进一步了解太阳风及其与地球磁层的相互作用方面取得了许多突破)”可推知，追求科学目标有助于琼的心理健康。故选C项。
26．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Feynman would go on to receive a bachelor’s degree from Oberlin College, before she attended Syracuse University, studying condensed matter theory and earning a PhD in 1958.(费曼随后在奥伯林学院获得学士学位，之后她进入雪城大学学习凝聚态理论，并于1958年获得博士学位)”以及倒数第二段“Over the course of her career, Feynman made many breakthroughs in furthering the understanding of solar wind and its interaction with the Earth’s magnetosphere. As author or co-author of more than 185 papers, Feynman’s research accomplishments range from discovering the shape of the Earth’s magnetosphere to identifying the origin of auroras. In 1974, she would become the first woman ever elected as an officer of the American Geophysical Union, and in 2000 she was awarded NASA’s Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal.(在她的职业生涯中，费曼在进一步了解太阳风及其与地球磁层的相互作用方面取得了许多突破。作为185多篇论文的作者或合著者，费曼的研究成就从发现地球磁层的形状到确定极光的起源。1974年，她成为第一位当选为美国地球物理联合会官员的女性，2000年，她被授予美国国家航空航天局的杰出科学成就奖)”可推知，琼·费曼是一位富有成效并得到认可的科学家。故选D项。
27．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段“Richard Feynman was arguably the second best known physicist after Einstein. But he is not the only distinguished scientist in the Feynman family.(理查德·费曼可以说是仅次于爱因斯坦的第二著名的物理学家。但他并不是费曼家族中唯一一位杰出的科学家)”和最后一段““Joan Feynman leaves a wealth of scientific accomplishments, having made important contributions,” said APS CEO Kate Kirby. “Despite
being discouraged to pursue science by social expectations, she persevered, and her accomplishments serve as an inspiration to women who wish to pursue a career in science.”(美国科学院院长凯特·柯比表示：琼·费曼留下了丰富的科学成就，做出了重要贡献。”“尽管社会期望阻碍了她从事科学研究，但她坚持了下来，她的成就激励了那些希望从事科学事业的女性。”)”可知，文章主要讲的是理查德·费曼可以说是仅次于爱因斯坦的第二著名的物理学家。但她并不是费曼家族中唯一一位杰出的科学家。尽管社会期望阻碍了她从事科学研究，但她坚持了下来，她的成就激励了那些希望从事科学事业的女性。由此可知，文章最好的标题是“琼·费曼：鲜为人知的费曼”。故选C项。
C
In 1999, David Dunning and Justin Kruger did a series of studies evaluating people’s competence in certain areas, including grammar, humor and logic. The people in the studies were asked to evaluate their own abilities in each area. Dunning and Kruger found that people who scored low on the tests have the tendency to overestimate their abilities, indicating that people who lack skills tend to lack the ability to realize their shortcomings.
This principle has become known as the Dunning-Kruger effect. It occurs because only when people have skills in a given area are they equipped to evaluate their own skills. Admittedly, most people are overconfident in their abilities. They want to believe that they are more capable, knowledgeable and even superior to others, and when someone really wants something to be true, it can be hard for them to admit that it isn’t. By the way, the opposite of the Dunning-Kruger effect also happens: capable people have a more accurate view of their own abilities, and sometimes they even underestimate themselves.
It’s tempting (吸引人的) to think of the Dunning-Kruger effect as a problem. People may even laugh at those who think themselves more competent than they truly are, but everyone has areas where they lack competence, and the Dunning-Kruger effect means they may be relatively bad at self-evaluation in those areas. Even if someone is very intelligent in general, there are still things they don’t know much about. Expertise in one area cannot always be transferred to other areas.
That’s why it’s important to keep digging for information even when you think you’ve found answers. It can also be helpful to check your ideas with other people. Receiving negative feedback can hurt, but if you’re willing to listen, it can help you grow. Even just keeping in mind that the Dunning-Kruger effect exists can help you stay modest, accept criticism and, thus, keep learning throughout your life.
28．What did Dunning and Kruger find in their research
A．Unskilled people tend to think too much of themselves.
B．Skilled people are usually more humorous and logical.
C．Self-evaluation makes people more logical in some areas.
D．Knowledgeable people sometimes think they are superior to others.
29．What does the author think of the Dunning-Kruger effect
A．Complicated. B．Problematic. C．Universal. D．Dismissive.
30．What can we do to avoid the Dunning-Kruger effect according to the text
A．Evaluate yourself on a regular basis. B．Remain humble and eager for knowledge.
C．Be yourself and ignore negative feedback. D．Make friends with intelligent individuals.
31．Where is this text probably from
A．A biology textbook. B．A book review.
C．A feature report. D．A．psychology journal.
【答案】28．A 29．C 30．B 31．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了达宁-克鲁格效应，这个效应表明，技能不足的人倾向于高估自己的能力，而技能高的人则能更准确地评估自己。为避免此效应，应保持谦逊，积极求知，并乐于接受批评。
28．细节理解题。根据第一段“Dunning and Kruger found that people who scored low on the tests have the tendency to overestimate their abilities, indicating that people who lack skills tend to lack the ability to realize their shortcomings.(达宁和克鲁格发现，在测试中得分低的人倾向于高估他们的能力，这表明缺乏技能的人往往缺乏意识到自己缺点的能力。)”可知，选项A与原文描述相符，说明了研究中发现的低技能个体的自我评估过高倾向。故选A项。
29．推理判断题。根据第三段“It’s tempting ( 吸引人的) to think of the Dunning-Kruger effect as a problem. People may even laugh at those who think themselves more competent than they truly are, but everyone has areas where they lack competence, and the Dunning-Kruger effect means they may be relatively bad at self-evaluation in those areas. Even if someone is very intelligent in general, there are still things they don’t know much about. Expertise in one area cannot always be transferred to other areas.(人们可能会认为达宁-克鲁格效应是一个问题。人们甚至会嘲笑那些认为自己比实际情况更有能力的人，但每个人都有自己缺乏能力的领域，而邓宁-克鲁格效应意味着他们在这些领域的自我评估可能相对较差。即使一个人总体上很聪明，也有一些事情是他们不知道的。一个领域的专业知识不能总是转移到其他领域。)”可知，作者通过提到人们可能会嘲笑那些自视过高的人，以及每个人都可能在某些领域缺乏能力，暗示了达宁-克鲁格效应是一个普遍存在的问题，故选C项。
30．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Even just keeping in mind that the Dunning-Kruger effect exists can help you stay modest, accept criticism and, thus, keep learning throughout your life.(哪怕仅仅记住达宁-克鲁格效应的存在也可以帮助您保持谦逊，接受批评，从而在一生中不断学习)”可知，避免达宁-克鲁格效应的方法是保持谦逊和对知识的渴望，选项B（保持谦逊，积极求
知）符合题意，故选B项。
31．推理判断题。根据第一段“Dunning and Kruger found that people who scored low on the tests have the tendency to overestimate their abilities(达宁和克鲁格发现，在测试中得分低的人倾向于高估他们的能力)”以及全文可知，本文讨论的主题是心理学效应，并且没有提到生物学、书籍评论或特色报道的内容，可以推断这篇文章最有可能来自心理学期刊，故选D项。
D
The colorful anemonefish (海葵鱼), also known as clownfish, possesses a cheerful and carefree image among humans. However, their actual behavior might not always align with the family-friendly portrayal seen in a Pixar film. They can aggressively defend their territory against other anemonefish they perceive as threats.
To investigate how these fish identify group members, a team from Japan conducted two experiments with lab-raised common clownfish that had never encountered any other species.
In the first experiment, researchers introduced different species of anemonefish, distinguishable by the number of white bars on their bodies, into a tank in small cases. They observed that the common clownfish were particularly hostile toward members of their own species that displayed three white bars. These fish fought 80 percent of their specific-targeted fish for up to three seconds. In contrast, invaders from other species, like the orange skunk clownfish with no side bars and a white line along its back, were barely attacked. The two-barred Clarke’s clownfish and three-barred saddleback clownfish were “mildly bullied”, according to the team.
During the second experiment, the researchers exposed a colony of clownfish to various plastic discs. The discs were painted with anemonefish coloration and measured the level of aggression towards these artificial models. Similar to reactions to live fish, models with two bars were less frequently attacked, and those without any bars saw the least aggression. According to study co-author and ecologist Kina Hayashi, the findings “suggest that clownfish is capable of counting the number of bars to recognize the species of the invader”.
The team also found that a rigid hierarchy (社会等级) within clownfish colonies determines which specific fish attack the invader. Earlier studies have shown that the social position of the clownfish is determined by very slight differences in size. This study used fish that had not matured and were in a lab setting, but the team still observed the same size-based hierarchy. The largest clownfish led the charge against the invader.
32．What does the underlined word “hostile” mean in the third paragraph
A．Unfriendly. B．Tolerant. C．Patient. D．Sympathetic.
33．How is the study conducted
A．By introducing a new concept. B．By comparing different clownfish.
C．By observing clownfish’ behaviors. D．By analyzing statistics of previous studies.
34．What is the finding of the two experiments
A．Clownfish can’t reach maturity in a lab setting.
B．Skunk clownfish is the most modest clownfish.
C．The social position of a clownfish depends on its size.
D．Clownfish identify threats by the number of vertical bars.
35．Which is the best title of the passage
A．Barred and Bullied: Attacks from Anemonefish.
B．Clownfish and Conflicts: Strict Social Hierarchies.
C．Beyond the Screen: The identification of Clownfish.
D．From Lab to Tank: Aggression Among Anemonefish.
【答案】32．A 33．C 34．D 35．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍一项研究，表明电影中描绘的家族友好型小丑鱼并不总是那么友好，它们也会积极地攻击它们认为是威胁的其他小丑鱼。
32．词句猜测题。第三段划线词句后文“These fish fought 80 percent of their specific-targeted fish for up to three seconds. (这些鱼与80%的特定目标鱼搏斗长达3秒。)”说明这些鱼对特定目标鱼不友好，从而推知划线词句“They observed that the common clownfish were particularly hostile toward members of their own species that displayed three white bars.(他们观察到，普通的小丑鱼对自己物种中表现出三条白色条纹的成员尤其hostile。)”其中划线部分意思是“不友好，有敌意”。故选A项。
33．推理判断题。根据第三段中“In the first experiment, researchers introduced different species of anemonefish, distinguishable by the number of white bars on their bodies, into a tank in small cases. They observed that the common clownfish were particularly hostile toward members of their own species that displayed three white bars. (在第一个实验中，研究人员将不同种类的海葵鱼，通过它们身体上白色条纹的数量来区分，放进一个小箱子里。他们观察到，普通的小丑鱼对自己物种中表现出三条白色条纹的成员尤其hostile。)”等内容可知，这项研究是通过观察鱼的行为进行的。故选C项。
34．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“According to study co-author and ecologist Kina Hayashi, the findings ‘suggest that clownfish is capable of counting the number of bars to recognize the species of the invader’. (根据该研究的合著者、生态学家Kina Hayashi的说法，这些发现‘表明小丑鱼能够通过计算条纹的数量来识别入侵者的种类’。)”可知，这两个实验的结果发现小丑鱼通过条纹的数量来识别威胁。故选D项。
35．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段“The colorful anemonefish(海葵鱼), also known as clownfish, possesses a cheerful and carefree image among humans. However, their actual behavior might not always align with the family-friendly portrayal seen in a Pixar film. They can aggressively defend their territory against other anemonefish they perceive as threats. (五颜六色
的海葵鱼，也被称为小丑鱼，在人类中有着欢快和无忧无虑的形象。然而，他们的实际行为可能并不总是与皮克斯电影中对家族友好的描绘相符。它们可以积极地保护自己的领土，不受它们认为是威胁的其他海葵鱼的攻击。)”可知，本文主要讲述了电影中描绘的家族友好型小丑鱼并不总是那么友好，它们也会积极地攻击它们认为是威胁的其他小丑鱼。C“屏幕之外：小丑鱼的鉴定”符合主题，故选C项。
第二节(共5小题:每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
If you are a person who remains busy in work and pays no attention to your health and well-being, you may experience stress, depression, and anxiety. Take a break from the robotic routine and pick healthy habits. According to a psychologist, true wellbeing comes with balance, constant growth and acceptance. 36
Deal with stress
Although it is difficult to avoid stress nowadays, it is definitely possible to deal with it. 37 For that, try to avoid the situations that cause stress. If your stress is unmanageable, note down the causes of stress as well as what actions you can take to improve your reaction, mood, and even situation.
Be social as much as you can
A man cannot stay healthy without interacting with other people. 38 If you have heard of laughter therapy, it also has the same purpose to reduce the stress when you laugh with other people. Everyone needs acceptance and friendship that is fulfilled only when you socialise with others.
Find and practice new hobbies
Hobby helps us keep busy and engaged. When you have an interest in some activities and enjoy doing them, you take healthy steps to improve your emotional well-being. 39 Finding new hobbies is great for strengthening your brain and boost your mood.
40
The biggest reason for experiencing depression and anxiety is when a person remains stuck in past events. Negative self-talking such as “why people did this to me” steals not only the happiness but makes the person miss opportunities that the present moment tries to offer. We should learn to enjoy the present life and try not to think too much about the future.
A．Learn to live in the present.
B．Keep a positive attitude about future.
C．Communicating with others lowers the stress level.
D．Here are a few tested ways to improve your quality of life.
E．It also keeps the work and daily life’s pressure off your brain.
F．Staying happy and laughing more is essential for a quality life.
G．It is very important to learn to deal with stress in a smart way.
【答案】36．D 37．G 38．C 39．E 40．A
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍一些经过测试的提高生活质量的方法。
36．根据上句“According to a psychologist, true wellbeing comes with balance, constant growth and acceptance.(根据心理学家所说，真正的幸福来自平衡、不断的成长和接受)”可知，接下来就要谈论如何做到平衡，不断的成长和接受？结合下文小标题是具体方法，因此空格处就是过渡句，引出下文的具体四种方法。所以D. Here are a few tested ways to improve your quality of life. (以下是几种被测试的提高你的生活质量的方法)与原文吻合。故选D。
37．该段叙述Deal with stress(对付压力)。根据上句“Although it is difficult to avoid stress nowadays, it is definitely possible to deal with it. (现在避免压力很困难，但是一定有可能解决它)”可知，压力是可以解决的。再根据下文“For that, try to avoid the situations that cause stress. (为此，要尽量避免造成压力的情况)可知，解决压力时采取的方法是关键。G. It is very important to learn to deal with stress in a smart way. (以一种明智的方法去解决压力是很重要的) 与原文吻合。故选G。
38．根据上文“A man cannot stay healthy without interacting with other people. (一个人不与他人交往就不能保持健康)”可知，与他人交流可以保持健康，降低压力。C. Communicating with others lowers the stress level. (与他人交流可以降低压力)与原文吻合。故选C。
39．根据上文“Hobby helps us keep busy and engaged. When you have an interest in some activities and enjoy doing them, you take healthy steps to improve your emotional well-being. (爱好可以使人忙起来。当你对某些活动感兴趣喜欢从事这些活动时，你采取健康的措施来改善你的情绪状况)”可知，爱好可以使人忙碌，没有时间去思考压力。E. It also keeps the work and daily life’s pressure off your brain. (它也让你的脑子里没有工作和日常生活的压力)。由此可知，E和上句句子结构相似，句意一致。故选E。
40．根据下文“The biggest reason for experiencing depression and anxiety is when a person remains stuck in past events. (经历抑郁和焦虑的最大原因是一个人陷入过去的事情中)。由此可知：该段叙述Learn to live in the present要学会活在当下。故选A。
第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题:每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
As a traveler with a disability, I have always avoided cruises. This expedition-style small-ship cruise changed my mind.
When our expedition leader 41 we would make a Zodiac (卓迪船) 42 at Jan Mayen, a tiny island in the Arctic Ocean, I stepped out onto my balcony aboard our ship,
43 to find clear skies and calm seas. 44 , I was met with a gust of wet wind and a view of mist-covered mountains in the distance. Jan Mayen wasn’t on our itinerary (行程), and due to its 45 location and often unpredictable weather, very few people ever 46 the island. I knew the 47 weren’t ideal, but I wasn’t going to let that stop me.
In fact, the possibility of 48 adventures was one of the reasons I chose this small-ship cruise. So I 49 joined my shipmates in the mud room, where we put on waterproof clothes and life jackets before hopping in the Zodiacs for a bumpy 50 to a black-sand beach. Even the fierce wind and rain couldn’t 51 our excitement as we 52 our way to the beach and hiked to a viewpoint, pausing to photograph little purple flowers 53 the volcanic rocks.
Our visit there wasn’t about what we could do or see. It was an opportunity to just be—to exist in a brief 54 on a tiny, often inaccessible, volcanic rock in the Arctic. And that’s something I never thought I’d 55 in my lifetime.
41．A．knew B．announced C．remembered D．replied
42．A．living B．return C．landing D．mark
43．A．failing B．choosing C．struggling D．hoping
44．A．Instead B．Finally C．Thus D．Otherwise
45．A．strategic B．remote C．favorable D．central
46．A．set foot on B．fell victim to C．kept track of D．gained control of
47．A．constructions B．conditions C．descriptions D．distributions
48．A．unwanted B．unsecured C．unplanned D．unauthorized
49．A．mistakenly B．nervously C．routinely D．happily
50．A．walk B．flight C．ride D．path
51．A．dampen B．share C．convey D．fuel
52．A．changed B．lost C．fought D．made
53．A．in response to B．in view of C．in contrast to D．in defense of
54．A．moment B．experiment C．glance D．ceremony
55．A．value B．need C．miss D．experience
【答案】
41．B 42．C 43．D 44．A 45．B 46．A 47．B 48．C 49．D 50．C 51．A 52．D 53．C 54．A 55．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者参与了一次前往北极海域小岛Jan Mayen的卓迪船探险活动，尽管天气条件不佳且该岛位置偏远、天气多变，访问者寥寥无几，作者仍满怀热情地克服困难，与同伴们一同探索了这个难以抵达的火山岩岛屿。这次经历给予了作者前所未有的生命体验，超越了他原先对旅行可能性的认知。
41．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们的探险队长宣布我们将在北极洋的一个小岛Jan Mayen进行卓迪船登陆时，我走出我们船上的阳台，希望看到晴朗的天空和平静的海面。A. knew知道；B. announced宣布；C. remembered记得；D. replied回答。根据空前“our expedition leader”以及“we would make a Zodiac (卓迪船) ____2____ at Jan Mayen, a tiny island in the Arctic Ocean”可知，探险队的队长宣布他们将在北极洋的一个小岛上进行卓迪船登陆。故选B。
42．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们的探险队长宣布我们将在北极洋的一个小岛Jan Mayen进行卓迪船登陆时，我走到我们船上的阳台，希望看到晴朗的天空和平静的海面。A. living居住；B. return返回；C. landing登陆；D. mark标记。根据下文“I stepped out onto my balcony aboard our ship”可知，作者走出船舱，是因为探险队长宣布将在北极洋的一个小岛登陆。故选C。
43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们的探险队长宣布我们将在北极洋的一个小岛Jan Mayen进行卓迪船登陆时，我走到我们船上的阳台，希望看到晴朗的天空和平静的海面。A. failing失败；B. choosing选择；C. struggling挣扎；D. hoping希望。根据上文“When our expedition leader ____1____ we would make a Zodiac (卓迪船) ____2____ at Jan Mayen, a tiny island in the Arctic Ocean, I stepped out onto my balcony aboard our ship”可知，当探险队长宣布将在北极洋的一个小岛登陆时，作者走到船上的阳台，这时他希望看到晴朗的天空和平静的海面。故选D。
44．考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，我遇到了一阵湿冷的风和远处被雾覆盖的山景。A. Instead相反；B. Finally最终；C. Thus因此；D. Otherwise否则。根据上文以及空后“I was met with a gust of wet wind and a view of mist-covered mountains in the distance”可知，作者希望看到晴朗的天空和平静的海面，但正相反，他遇到了一阵湿冷的风和远处被雾覆盖的山景。故选A。
45．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Jan Mayen并不在我们的行程上，由于其偏远的位置和常常不可预测的天气，很少有人能踏上这个岛屿。A. strategic战略的；B. remote偏远的；C. favorable有利的；D. central中心的。根据下文“often unpredictable weather, very few people ever ____6____ the island”可知，很少有人踏上这个小岛，是因为其偏远的位置和常常不可预测的天气。故选B。
46．考查动词短语辨析。句意：Jan Mayen并不在我们的行程上，由于其偏远的位置和常常不可预测的天气，很少有人能踏上这个岛屿。A. set foot on踏上；B. fell victim to成为……的牺牲品；C. kept track of记录；D. gained control of控制。根据上文“and due to its ____5____ location and often unpredictable weather”可知，Jan Mayen小岛位置偏远，天气常常不可预测，所以很少有人能踏上这个岛屿。故选A。
47．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我知道条件并不理想，但我不会让那阻止我。A. constructions建设；B. conditions条件；C. descriptions描述；D. distributions分配。根据上文“I was met with
a gust of wet wind and a view of mist-covered mountains in the distance”可知，由于现在的天气不好，所以登岛的条件并不理想。故选B。
48．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，计划外冒险的可能性是我选择这艘小船航行的原因之一。A. unwanted不需要的；B. unsecured无担保的；C. unplanned未计划的；D. unauthorized未经许可的。根据上文“Jan Mayen wasn’t on our itinerary”可知，探险队的队长临时决定登录北极洋的一个小岛，所以正是作者选择这艘小船航行的原因之一，即未被计划的冒险。故选C。
49．考查副词词义辨析。句意：所以我很高兴地和我的船员们一起呆在前厅里，在那里我们穿上防水衣物和救生衣，然后跳进卓迪船，经过一番颠簸的旅程来到了黑沙滩。A. mistakenly错误地；B. nervously紧张地；C. routinely常规地；D. happily快乐地。根据上文“In fact, the possibility of ____8____ adventures was one of the reasons I chose this small-ship cruise.”可知，作者选择这趟小型游轮旅行的原因之一就是可能发生的没有计划的冒险，所以作者非常快乐地和船员们呆在一起。故选D。
50．考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以我很高兴地和我的船员们一起呆在前厅里，在那里我们穿上防水衣物和救生衣，然后跳进卓迪船，经过一番颠簸的旅程来到了黑沙滩。A. walk步行；B. flight飞行；C. ride乘坐；D. path路径。根据空前“hopping in the Zodiacs”可知，此处指作者乘坐船登上黑沙滩。“a bumpy ride”特指乘坐卓迪船经过波涛汹涌的水面，前往黑沙滩的旅程。故选C。
51．考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使猛烈的风雨也无法减弱我们到达海滩并徒步到观景点时的兴奋，我们停下来拍摄火山岩石间的小紫花。A. dampen抑制；B. share分享；C. convey传达；D. fuel加油，加剧。根据空前的“Even the fierce wind and rain couldn’t ”以及空后的“our excitement”可知，恶劣的天气阻止不了作者他们到达黑沙滩的兴奋。故选A。
52．考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使猛烈的风雨也无法减弱我们到达海滩并徒步到观景点时的兴奋，我们停下来拍摄火山岩石间的小紫花。A. changed改变；B. lost丢失；C. fought战斗，努力争取；D. made赶往。根据上文“we put on waterproof clothes and life jackets before hopping in the Zodiacs for a bumpy ____10____ to a black-sand beach.”可知，恶劣的天气阻止不了作者他们到黑沙滩的兴奋。“make one’s way”为固定短语，意为“前进……”。故选D。
53．考查介词短语辨析。句意：即使猛烈的风雨也无法减弱我们到达海滩并徒步到观景点时的兴奋，我们停下来拍摄火山岩石间的小紫花。A. in response to响应；B. in view of鉴于；C. in contrast to与……对比；D. in defense of为……辩护。根据空前的“little purple flowers ”以及空后的“the volcanic rocks”可知，此处指拍摄那些小巧的紫色花朵时，特别注意到了它们与周围火山岩的鲜明对比。故选C。
54．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的访问不仅仅关乎我们能做什么或看到什么，它是一个存在的机会——在一个微小、常人难以到达的北极火山岩上短暂的时刻。A. moment时刻；
B. experiment实验；C. glance一瞥；D. ceremony仪式。根据上文“Our visit there wasn’t about what we could do or see.”可知，作者觉得这次旅行的意义在于他们在登上常人难以到达的北极火山岩上宝贵而短暂的时刻。故选A。
55．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是我一生中从未想过会体验到的事情。A. value重视；B. need需要；C. miss想念、错过；D. experience体验。根据上文“As a traveler with a disability, I have always avoided cruises.”可知，作为残疾人，作者从未想过乘坐游轮去探险，所以登上常人难以到达的北极火山岩上时是他从未想到会体验的事情。故选D。
第二节(共10小题:每小题1. 5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Shadow puppetry—also called shadow play— 56 (get) its start thousands of years ago in China and India. This unique form of storytelling is the 57 (old) type of puppetry in the world so far.
58 is placed between a light and a screen is a vividly—shaped shadow puppet. Moving it creates the illusion(错觉) of a moving image on the screen. 59 experienced puppeteer can make figures appear to walk, fight and dance.
The first shadow puppets were likely made out of animal hides (兽皮). Their strength and 60 (flexible) allowed the puppeteer to move the puppet easily to create the desired effects. Today, a wide variety of materials are accessible 61 people. You might see shadow puppets made out of paper, plastic, wood or cloth. There’s no end to how creative puppeteers can be when 62 (make) puppets.
Shadow puppets are usually constructed in 63 (whole) separate pieces that are then put together with strings or wires. The strings or wires are usually attached to long rods (杆) that the puppeteer will use 64 (control) the movement of the puppet.
Although shadow puppets can be very creative and elaborate, they also can be very simple. With little 65 no experience, a classroom can put on a simple shadow play with little expense and just a little time.
【答案】
56．got 57．oldest 58．What 59．An 60．flexibility 61．to/for 62．making 63．wholly 64．to control 65．or
【导语】本文为说明文。主要介绍了皮影戏的原理、制作和盛行。
56．考查一般过去时。句意：皮影戏，也叫影子戏，几千年前起源于中国和印度。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填入谓语动词，时间状语thousands of years ago，故该句用一般现在时。故填got。
57．考查形容词。句意：这种独特的讲故事方式是迄今为止世界上最古老的木偶戏。根据句意和空格前的定冠词the可知，空格处应该用形容词最高级作定语。故填oldest。
58．考查主语从句。句意：在灯光和屏幕之间放置的是一个造型生动的皮影。分析句子结构可知，空格处为主语从句的连接词；从句中缺少主语；且表示“……的事物”，所以用what。故填What。
59．考查冠词。句意：一个有经验的木偶师可以使木偶看起来像走路、打架和跳舞。此处泛指“一个”，故选择不定冠词。experienced以元音音素开头。故填An
60．考查名词。句意：他们的力量和灵活性使木偶师可以轻松地移动木偶，以创造理想的效果。flexibility和strength并列在句中作主语。故填flexibility。
61．考查介词。句意：今天，人们可以接触到各种各样的材料。be accessible to...可为某人所用;be accessible for sb 对某人来说，某物是可使用的。故填to或者for。
62．考查状语从句的省略。句意：在制作木偶时，木偶师的创造力是无穷无尽的。句子的逻辑主语为puppeteers，与动词之间为主动关系，根据空格前的when可知，此处是状语从句的省略，完整的从句是when they are making puppets，从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句中有be动词，副词状语从句的省略的条件，省略从句的主语和be动词。故填making。
63．考查副词。句意：皮影通常是由完全独立的部分组成，然后用绳子或电线组合在一起。空格处位于动词之前，修饰动词所以需要填入副词作状语。故填wholly。
64．考查动词不定式。句意：绳子或电线通常连接在长杆上，木偶操纵者将用它来控制木偶的运动。该句谓语动词为will use，因此control 作非谓语，表目的用不定式。故填to control。
65．考查连词。句意：即使没有经验，一个教室也可以上演一出简单的皮影戏，花费很少，只需要一点时间。little 和no 是选择关系。故填or。
第四部分 写作(共两节, 满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
请你写一篇短文向校英文报“Sports and Health”栏目投稿，向同学们推荐一项适合课间开展的运动，内容包括：
1. 介绍这项运动；
2. 说明推荐理由。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答：
Stand Up and Exercise, Everybody!
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Stand Up and Exercise, Everybody!
Everybody! Are you tired of sitting in class all day How about incorporating some physical activity into your daily routine One great option is the “Stand Up and Stretch” exercise. This simple routine involves standing up from your desk, stretching your arms, legs and back, and taking a few deep breaths. It’s a quick and easy way to get your blood flowing and re-energize your body and mind. This exercise is recommended for several reasons.
First, it helps to combat the negative effects of prolonged sitting, such as back pain and stiffness. Second, it can improve your focus and concentration, making it easier to stay engaged in class. Lastly, it promotes a healthy and active lifestyle, which is essential for overall well-being.
So, next time you feel a bit sluggish during class, remember to stand up and stretch! It’s a small change that can make a big difference in your day.
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一篇短文向校英文报“Sports and Health”栏目投稿，向同学们推荐一项适合课间开展的运动。
【详解】1.词汇积累
厌倦：be tired of→be fed up with
首先：first→above all
减轻：combat→relieve
提高：improve→enhance
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：This simple routine involves standing up from your desk, stretching your arms, legs and back, and taking a few deep breaths.
拓展句：This is a simple routine that involves standing up from your desk, stretching your arms, legs and back, and taking a few deep breaths.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Lastly, it promotes a healthy and active lifestyle, which is essential for overall well-being. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] This simple routine involves standing up from your desk, stretching your arms, legs and back, and taking a few deep breaths. (运用了动名词作宾语)
[高分句型2] It’s a small change that can make a big difference in your day. (运用了that引导的定语从句)
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
注意：续写词数应为150字左右。
“Jennifer, do you hike ” Karen said to me. “Yes, I hike,” I replied. Karen’s slim figure and sun-kissed cheeks suggested she was a regular hiker.
“Great, do you want to come with us tomorrow We will meet in front of Bobbie’s house at 6:30 before it is too hot, and we will go over to Thunderbird Mountain. It is about three miles in total. Does that sound OK ”
Three miles. I wasn’t sure how long that was, partly because I didn’t actually hike. I was somewhat familiar with the area where they planned to go, but our family had just moved from Oregon to Arizona. I walked our dog around the neighbourhood all the time before we moved here. But I wasn’t sure if I had gone three miles. Being new to town and excited about an invitation from women I wanted to befriend, I accepted, saying, “Sure. That sounds great. We all benefit from hiking.”
When this hiking conversation among my new friends occurred, I was at a monthly dinner for moms in my new neighborhood. The group was four women in their forties, all with high-school kids, jobs, a fondness for reading and music and tricks for simplifying work-life.
I was honored to be invited since making friends in my forties in a new town wasn’t easy. After this re-location for my husband’s career, making friends wasn’t as simple for me as it was for him. He came to the community for a full-time position at a busy university. Our teenaged son and daughter immediately plugged into school through sports and clubs. I was enormously grateful for the ease of the transition for my family, but nervous for myself. So, while at the monthly ladies’ gathering, when hiking came up, I just played along, wanting to try something new.
The next day, I got up early and carefully selected comfortable hiking clothes. When I arrived at the designated friend’s driveway a little early, Karen was standing there waiting. “Hey, Jennifer, I’m glad that you can come to hike,” she said cheerfully and hugged me. When the others joined us, we started walking. I was sweaty and a little out of breath before we even started going uphill.
注意：1．续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
“So, where did you hike in Oregon ” one of them asked, offering me a bottle of water.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
By accepting the invitation to hike that day, I received a lot.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】“So, where did you hike in Oregon ” one of them asked, offering me a bottle of water. “Well, uh, I mainly walked a lot. Actually, we lived in the suburbs, so we were in a neighborhood in southwest Portland with sidewalks, and…” Seeing my embarrassment, Karen saved me by saying, “There are all kinds of hikes, which are all beneficial to us.” Along the path, we talked about our families, jobs and dogs. We shared concerns about our kids in school with sports, grades, or significant others.
By accepting the invitation to hike that day, I received a lot. On the one hand, I stretched myself. On the other hand, I made amazing new friends. Being new to an unfamiliar environment was uneasy, but as long as you tried, there was always someone willing to be open to you. I imagine I will always remain connected to these lovely women who led me into their circle. I also feel confident that there are some other hikers, more great friends I’ve yet to meet and love simply by agreeing to try something new.
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者因为丈夫工作地点的变更刚刚从俄勒冈州搬到亚利桑那州，在一次晚宴上作者被几位女士邀请一起远足，作者欣然接受，在这让作者接触到了远足并通过远足结识了很多新朋友，在和朋友的交流和运动中感受到人生的快乐。
【详解】1. 段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“‘那么，你在俄勒冈州的哪里徒步旅行 ’其中一个问道，递给我一瓶水。” 可知，第一段可描写作者由于过去没有真正参加过远足而只能描述过去散步场景来回避这个问题、朋友的解围、以及徒步中的交流。
②由第二段首句内容“通过接受那天远足的邀请，我收获了很多。”可知，第二段可描写徒步旅行给作者带来的益处，以及作者和这群朋友有了更多的接触。
2. 续写线索：回答问题——感到尴尬——朋友解围——分享交流——获益良多——通过徒步结交朋友——感悟
行为类
看到：see/notice
为某人解围：save sb from/rescue sb from
遇到：meet/encounter
保持联系：remain connected to/keep in touch with
情绪类
尴尬：seeing my embarrassment /seeing I felt embarrassed
确信：feel confident/be certain
【点睛】【高分句型1】 Being new to an unfamiliar environment was uneasy, but as long as you tried, there was always someone willing to be open to you. (运用了动名词短语作主语以及as long as引导的状语从句)
【高分句型2】I imagine I will always remain connected to these lovely women who led me into their circle. (运用了省略连接词that的宾语从句以及who引导的限制性定语从句)2024年高考英语考前必练密卷08（新高考专用）
注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡上。用2B铅笔将试卷类型(A)填涂在答题卡相应位置上。将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处”。
2. 作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑;如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。
3. 非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液，不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
4. 考生必须保持答题卡的整洁：考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30 分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What is the man going to do
A．Hold a party. B．Go to the bookstore. C．Celebrate his birthday.
2．Who graduated from Nanjing Normal University
A．Nancy’s mother. B．The woman. C．The man.
3．What is the man planning to do on Saturday
A．Entertain relatives. B．Skate with friends. C．Go out with Mary.
4．When will the woman meet her cousin
A．Tomorrow evening. B．Tomorrow morning. C．This afternoon.
5．Where does the conversation take place
A．In a hotel. B．In a school. C．In a meeting room.
第二节(共15小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟; 听完后, 各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料, 回答第6、7题。
6．What time is it when the conversation happens
A．At 2:50 pm.
B．At 3:20 pm.
C．Around 3:10 pm
7．What does the woman plan to do with the paper
A．To note down the solar eclipse (日食).
B．To stop the birds singing.
C．To protect her eyes.
听第7段材料, 回答第8、9题。
8．What does the man work for
A．An online news agency. B．A newspaper. C．A TV channel.
9．Why does the man like to be a journalist
A．He travels a lot. B．He earns a high pay. C．He gets job satisfaction.
听第8段材料, 回答第10-12题。
10．Who works with cars
A．Phil. B．Chris. C．The man.
11．What does the man want in the apartment
A．Two bedrooms.
B．A bathroom with a shower.
C．Two bathrooms and a kitchen.
12．Which part of the city does the man like to live in
A．The north. B．The west. C．The east.
听第9段材料, 回答第13-16题。
13．What is the man doing
A．Preparing for a meeting. B．Exercising. C．Cooking.
14．How does the woman sound at the man’s weight loss
A．Serious. B．Surprised. C．Happy.
15．How does the man get to work now
A．By train. B．By bus. C．By bike.
16．What will the man do to help the woman
A．Make salads for her. B．Go jogging with her. C．Lend a book to her.
听第10段材料, 回答第17-20题。
17．What is the probable relationship between the speakers
A．Schoolmates. B．Relatives. C．Colleagues.
18．What can visitors do in Looking Back
A．Learn about Greek culture.B．Watch some recordings. C．Create building models.
19．Which exhibition will the speakers attend
A．Transport. B．Fun Science. C．Glass Place.
20．When will the speakers probably meet on Sunday
A．At around 12:00. B．At around 1:30 pm. C．At around 3:00 pm.
第二部分 阅读(共两节, 满分50分)
第一节(共15小题:每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Reimagining the Outdoors: A Photography Workshop with Julia Reynolds
Discover the art of capturing the beauty of nature in this exclusive online workshop organized by Nature’s Lens Magazine.
Renowned photographer Julia Reynolds will guide participants through the essential techniques and creative processes involved in outdoor photography. Whether you’re a beginner or an experienced photographer, Julia’s expert instruction will inspire you to explore the natural world with your camera lens.
Workshop Highlights:
Exploring Outdoor Photography: Understand the unique challenges and opportunities of outdoor photography.
Composition and Lighting: Learn how to compose stunning outdoor shots and make the most of natural lighting.
Capturing the Moment: Master the art of timing and anticipation to capture the perfect outdoor photograph.
Editing and Post-Processing: Discover essential editing techniques to enhance your outdoor photographs.Who Should Attend:
▲ Photography enthusiasts eager to improve their outdoor photography skills.
▲ Nature lovers looking to capture the beauty of the great outdoors.
▲ Beginners interested in learning the basics of photography.
Workshop Details:
★ Date: Saturday, July 15, 2024
★ Time: 10am-1pm (GMT)
★ Participants will receive a recording of the workshop for future reference.
★ Upon registration, participants will receive an email with access details.
Please note: This workshop will be conducted via Zoom. Participants are advised to review Zoom’s privacy policy and terms and conditions prior to registration. Refunds will not be issued for non-attendance or cancellations.
21．What aspect of photography does the workshop focus on
A．Editing techniques.
B．Composition and lighting.
C．Capturing the moment.
D．Exploring outdoor photography.
22．When might you need to send an email
A．To inquire about the workshop content.
B．Upon purchasing a ticket to the workshop.
C．To receive additional learning materials.
D．If you haven’t received the access details.
23．What benefit is assured for participants
A．Unlimited access to Zoom.
B．Free registration for future workshops.
C．A recording of the workshop.
D．24-hour live broadcasting of the workshop.
B
Richard Feynman was arguably the second best known physicist after Einstein. But she is not the only distinguished scientist in the Feynman family.
Born in 1927, Joan Feynman grew up in Queens, New York, alongside her older brother Richard. He would become Joan’s first teacher and someone who helped develop her curious nature, believing her capable of learning all the math and science he could teach her. She would try to solve math problems for the unique reward of getting to pull her brother’s hair and serving as his “lab assistant” at the age of five. For her fourteenth birthday, Richard gave Feynman a copy of Astronomy by Rebecca Horace Baker, a college-level physics text, which both taught her about physics and what was possible. Feynman credited it for proving to her that women could indeed have a career doing science.
Feynman would go on to receive a bachelor’s degree from Oberlin College, before she attended Syracuse University, studying condensed matter theory and earning a PhD in 1958. By 1960, Feynman was married with two children and she decided to take a break from physics to take on the role of homemaker.
The break was short-lived, as Feynman grew depressed from keeping a home and caring for two small children. In 1962, at the advice of a psychologist, she went in search of employment, securing three job offers at multiple institutes. At Lamont, where she worked part-time, Feynman began her research into Earth’s magnetosphere, identifying its shape.
Over the course of her career, Feynman made many breakthroughs in furthering the understanding of solar wind and its interaction with the Earth’s magnetosphere. As author or co-author of more than 185 papers, Feynman’s research accomplishments range from discovering the shape of the Earth’s magnetosphere to identifying the origin of auroras. In 1974, she would
become the first woman ever elected as an officer of the American Geophysical Union, and in 2000 she was awarded NASA’s Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal.
“Joan Feynman leaves a wealth of scientific accomplishments, having made important contributions,” said APS CEO Kate Kirby. “Despite being discouraged to pursue science by social expectations, she persevered, and her accomplishments serve as an inspiration to women who wish to pursue a career in science.”
24．How did Richard influence Joan
A．By preparing her for subjects in college.
B．By introducing her to the world of science.
C．By teaching her the importance of astronomy.
D．By offering her a job serving as his lab assistant.
25．What can be inferred from the passage
A．All women scientists have benefited from Joan’s inspiration.
B．In Joan’s time women were encouraged to become scientists.
C．Pursuing scientific goals contributed to Joan’s psychological well-being.
D．As her first teacher, Richard designed Joan’s career path as an astronomer.
26．Which best describes Joan Feynman as a scientist
A．Successful and wealthy. B．Optimistic and hardworking.
C．Popular and ambitious. D．Productive and acknowledged.
27．What is the best title for the passage
A．Joan Feynman: Survivor of Depression
B．Joan Feynman: Sister of Richard Feynman
C．Joan Feynman: The Lesser-known Feynman
D．Joan Feynman: The Most Successful Woman Scientist
C
In 1999, David Dunning and Justin Kruger did a series of studies evaluating people’s competence in certain areas, including grammar, humor and logic. The people in the studies were asked to evaluate their own abilities in each area. Dunning and Kruger found that people who scored low on the tests have the tendency to overestimate their abilities, indicating that people who lack skills tend to lack the ability to realize their shortcomings.
This principle has become known as the Dunning-Kruger effect. It occurs because only when people have skills in a given area are they equipped to evaluate their own skills. Admittedly, most people are overconfident in their abilities. They want to believe that they are more capable, knowledgeable and even superior to others, and when someone really wants something to be true, it can be hard for them to admit that it isn’t. By the way, the opposite of the Dunning-Kruger effect also happens: capable people have a more accurate view of their own abilities, and
sometimes they even underestimate themselves.
It’s tempting (吸引人的) to think of the Dunning-Kruger effect as a problem. People may even laugh at those who think themselves more competent than they truly are, but everyone has areas where they lack competence, and the Dunning-Kruger effect means they may be relatively bad at self-evaluation in those areas. Even if someone is very intelligent in general, there are still things they don’t know much about. Expertise in one area cannot always be transferred to other areas.
That’s why it’s important to keep digging for information even when you think you’ve found answers. It can also be helpful to check your ideas with other people. Receiving negative feedback can hurt, but if you’re willing to listen, it can help you grow. Even just keeping in mind that the Dunning-Kruger effect exists can help you stay modest, accept criticism and, thus, keep learning throughout your life.
28．What did Dunning and Kruger find in their research
A．Unskilled people tend to think too much of themselves.
B．Skilled people are usually more humorous and logical.
C．Self-evaluation makes people more logical in some areas.
D．Knowledgeable people sometimes think they are superior to others.
29．What does the author think of the Dunning-Kruger effect
A．Complicated. B．Problematic. C．Universal. D．Dismissive.
30．What can we do to avoid the Dunning-Kruger effect according to the text
A．Evaluate yourself on a regular basis. B．Remain humble and eager for knowledge.
C．Be yourself and ignore negative feedback. D．Make friends with intelligent individuals.
31．Where is this text probably from
A．A biology textbook. B．A book review.
C．A feature report. D．A．psychology journal.
D
The colorful anemonefish (海葵鱼), also known as clownfish, possesses a cheerful and carefree image among humans. However, their actual behavior might not always align with the family-friendly portrayal seen in a Pixar film. They can aggressively defend their territory against other anemonefish they perceive as threats.
To investigate how these fish identify group members, a team from Japan conducted two experiments with lab-raised common clownfish that had never encountered any other species.
In the first experiment, researchers introduced different species of anemonefish, distinguishable by the number of white bars on their bodies, into a tank in small cases. They observed that the common clownfish were particularly hostile toward members of their own
species that displayed three white bars. These fish fought 80 percent of their specific-targeted fish for up to three seconds. In contrast, invaders from other species, like the orange skunk clownfish with no side bars and a white line along its back, were barely attacked. The two-barred Clarke’s clownfish and three-barred saddleback clownfish were “mildly bullied”, according to the team.
During the second experiment, the researchers exposed a colony of clownfish to various plastic discs. The discs were painted with anemonefish coloration and measured the level of aggression towards these artificial models. Similar to reactions to live fish, models with two bars were less frequently attacked, and those without any bars saw the least aggression. According to study co-author and ecologist Kina Hayashi, the findings “suggest that clownfish is capable of counting the number of bars to recognize the species of the invader”.
The team also found that a rigid hierarchy (社会等级) within clownfish colonies determines which specific fish attack the invader. Earlier studies have shown that the social position of the clownfish is determined by very slight differences in size. This study used fish that had not matured and were in a lab setting, but the team still observed the same size-based hierarchy. The largest clownfish led the charge against the invader.
32．What does the underlined word “hostile” mean in the third paragraph
A．Unfriendly. B．Tolerant. C．Patient. D．Sympathetic.
33．How is the study conducted
A．By introducing a new concept. B．By comparing different clownfish.
C．By observing clownfish’ behaviors. D．By analyzing statistics of previous studies.
34．What is the finding of the two experiments
A．Clownfish can’t reach maturity in a lab setting.
B．Skunk clownfish is the most modest clownfish.
C．The social position of a clownfish depends on its size.
D．Clownfish identify threats by the number of vertical bars.
35．Which is the best title of the passage
A．Barred and Bullied: Attacks from Anemonefish.
B．Clownfish and Conflicts: Strict Social Hierarchies.
C．Beyond the Screen: The identification of Clownfish.
D．From Lab to Tank: Aggression Among Anemonefish.
第二节(共5小题:每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
If you are a person who remains busy in work and pays no attention to your health and well-being, you may experience stress, depression, and anxiety. Take a break from the robotic routine and pick healthy habits. According to a psychologist, true wellbeing comes with balance,
constant growth and acceptance. 36
Deal with stress
Although it is difficult to avoid stress nowadays, it is definitely possible to deal with it. 37 For that, try to avoid the situations that cause stress. If your stress is unmanageable, note down the causes of stress as well as what actions you can take to improve your reaction, mood, and even situation.
Be social as much as you can
A man cannot stay healthy without interacting with other people. 38 If you have heard of laughter therapy, it also has the same purpose to reduce the stress when you laugh with other people. Everyone needs acceptance and friendship that is fulfilled only when you socialise with others.
Find and practice new hobbies
Hobby helps us keep busy and engaged. When you have an interest in some activities and enjoy doing them, you take healthy steps to improve your emotional well-being. 39 Finding new hobbies is great for strengthening your brain and boost your mood.
40
The biggest reason for experiencing depression and anxiety is when a person remains stuck in past events. Negative self-talking such as “why people did this to me” steals not only the happiness but makes the person miss opportunities that the present moment tries to offer. We should learn to enjoy the present life and try not to think too much about the future.
A．Learn to live in the present.
B．Keep a positive attitude about future.
C．Communicating with others lowers the stress level.
D．Here are a few tested ways to improve your quality of life.
E．It also keeps the work and daily life’s pressure off your brain.
F．Staying happy and laughing more is essential for a quality life.
G．It is very important to learn to deal with stress in a smart way.
第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题:每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
As a traveler with a disability, I have always avoided cruises. This expedition-style small-ship cruise changed my mind.
When our expedition leader 41 we would make a Zodiac (卓迪船) 42 at Jan Mayen, a tiny island in the Arctic Ocean, I stepped out onto my balcony aboard our ship, 43 to find clear skies and calm seas. 44 , I was met with a gust of wet wind and a view of mist-covered mountains in the distance. Jan Mayen wasn’t on our itinerary (行程), and due to its 45 location and often unpredictable weather, very few people ever 46
the island. I knew the 47 weren’t ideal, but I wasn’t going to let that stop me.
In fact, the possibility of 48 adventures was one of the reasons I chose this small-ship cruise. So I 49 joined my shipmates in the mud room, where we put on waterproof clothes and life jackets before hopping in the Zodiacs for a bumpy 50 to a black-sand beach. Even the fierce wind and rain couldn’t 51 our excitement as we 52 our way to the beach and hiked to a viewpoint, pausing to photograph little purple flowers 53 the volcanic rocks.
Our visit there wasn’t about what we could do or see. It was an opportunity to just be—to exist in a brief 54 on a tiny, often inaccessible, volcanic rock in the Arctic. And that’s something I never thought I’d 55 in my lifetime.
41．A．knew B．announced C．remembered D．replied
42．A．living B．return C．landing D．mark
43．A．failing B．choosing C．struggling D．hoping
44．A．Instead B．Finally C．Thus D．Otherwise
45．A．strategic B．remote C．favorable D．central
46．A．set foot on B．fell victim to C．kept track of D．gained control of
47．A．constructions B．conditions C．descriptions D．distributions
48．A．unwanted B．unsecured C．unplanned D．unauthorized
49．A．mistakenly B．nervously C．routinely D．happily
50．A．walk B．flight C．ride D．path
51．A．dampen B．share C．convey D．fuel
52．A．changed B．lost C．fought D．made
53．A．in response to B．in view of C．in contrast to D．in defense of
54．A．moment B．experiment C．glance D．ceremony
55．A．value B．need C．miss D．experience
第二节(共10小题:每小题1. 5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Shadow puppetry—also called shadow play— 56 (get) its start thousands of years ago in China and India. This unique form of storytelling is the 57 (old) type of puppetry in the world so far.
58 is placed between a light and a screen is a vividly—shaped shadow puppet. Moving it creates the illusion(错觉) of a moving image on the screen. 59 experienced puppeteer can make figures appear to walk, fight and dance.
The first shadow puppets were likely made out of animal hides (兽皮). Their strength and 60 (flexible) allowed the puppeteer to move the puppet easily to create the desired effects. Today, a wide variety of materials are accessible 61 people. You might see shadow
puppets made out of paper, plastic, wood or cloth. There’s no end to how creative puppeteers can be when 62 (make) puppets.
Shadow puppets are usually constructed in 63 (whole) separate pieces that are then put together with strings or wires. The strings or wires are usually attached to long rods (杆) that the puppeteer will use 64 (control) the movement of the puppet.
Although shadow puppets can be very creative and elaborate, they also can be very simple. With little 65 no experience, a classroom can put on a simple shadow play with little expense and just a little time.
第四部分 写作(共两节, 满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
请你写一篇短文向校英文报“Sports and Health”栏目投稿，向同学们推荐一项适合课间开展的运动，内容包括：
1. 介绍这项运动；
2. 说明推荐理由。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答：
Stand Up and Exercise, Everybody!
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第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
注意：续写词数应为150字左右。
“Jennifer, do you hike ” Karen said to me. “Yes, I hike,” I replied. Karen’s slim figure and sun-kissed cheeks suggested she was a regular hiker.
“Great, do you want to come with us tomorrow We will meet in front of Bobbie’s house at 6:30 before it is too hot, and we will go over to Thunderbird Mountain. It is about three miles in total. Does that sound OK ”
Three miles. I wasn’t sure how long that was, partly because I didn’t actually hike. I was somewhat familiar with the area where they planned to go, but our family had just moved from Oregon to Arizona. I walked our dog around the neighbourhood all the time before we moved here. But I wasn’t sure if I had gone three miles. Being new to town and excited about an
invitation from women I wanted to befriend, I accepted, saying, “Sure. That sounds great. We all benefit from hiking.”
When this hiking conversation among my new friends occurred, I was at a monthly dinner for moms in my new neighborhood. The group was four women in their forties, all with high-school kids, jobs, a fondness for reading and music and tricks for simplifying work-life.
I was honored to be invited since making friends in my forties in a new town wasn’t easy. After this re-location for my husband’s career, making friends wasn’t as simple for me as it was for him. He came to the community for a full-time position at a busy university. Our teenaged son and daughter immediately plugged into school through sports and clubs. I was enormously grateful for the ease of the transition for my family, but nervous for myself. So, while at the monthly ladies’ gathering, when hiking came up, I just played along, wanting to try something new.
The next day, I got up early and carefully selected comfortable hiking clothes. When I arrived at the designated friend’s driveway a little early, Karen was standing there waiting. “Hey, Jennifer, I’m glad that you can come to hike,” she said cheerfully and hugged me. When the others joined us, we started walking. I was sweaty and a little out of breath before we even started going uphill.
注意：1．续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
“So, where did you hike in Oregon ” one of them asked, offering me a bottle of water.
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By accepting the invitation to hike that day, I received a lot.
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