2024年高考英语最后一卷（北京卷）（含解析）
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绝密★考试结束前
2024年高考最后一卷（北京卷）
英语
（考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：100分）
注意事项：
1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。
3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节 完型填空（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项涂黑。
Everyone can do something for their community in their own way, just like what Damian has done. Every weekend, 1 with a chair and some tools, Damian sets up a stand in the neighborhood.
The young man likes to offer free 2 to street vendors (摊贩) in the community and share nice conversations with them. One day, Pacheco, the ice cream vendor, went to the stand. Damien was very excited at the sight of this old friend, who 3 him of so many sweet memories of the past. The ice cream bar brought him a lot of 4 when he was a child. Now Damian can still remember those wonderful moments.
When Damian was cutting Pacheco’s hair, he noticed that Pacheco was 5 this time. As they talked, Pacheco 6 his smile. In fact, he lost two teeth last month and was unwilling to smile 7 for fear of some of the comments his clients have made about his teeth. Pacheco had been living alone and had no intention of going to the 8 because he had never been there before.
Learning of Pacheco’s current situation, Damian was determined to do something for him. After that, he was busy 9 Pacheco to the dental appointments. For three months, Damian drove Pacheco to the dentist and made sure that Pacheco could receive his much - needed artificial teeth.
Now, Pacheco feels more 10 and doesn’t hesitate to give his new shining smile to the people in the
community. They go on with their wonderful lives.
1．A．provided B．armed C．satisfied D．troubled
2．A．treatments B．workplaces C．haircuts D．setups
3．A．freed B．reminded C．convinced D．suspected
4．A．joy B．courage C．inspiration D．challenge
5．A．active B．lonely C．curious D．different
6．A．hid B．spread C．showed D．observed
7．A．quietly B．shyly C．warmly D．broadly
8．A．bar B．clinic C．community D．stand
9．A．ordering B．inviting C．accompanying D．limiting
10．A．patient B．generous C．independent D．confident
第二节 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分,共15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
Not long ago, my daughter’s shoes 11 (damage) with a knife. She burst into tears. I took them to the shoemaker’s. The man said he would add more scratches on both shoes as if the openings were made on purpose for a special style. I didn’t fully understand him, but I decided to leave the shoes. Two days later I dropped by from work 12 (collect) the shoes. I found more scratches on each shoe, but all the openings were patched by red leather and the stitches were twisted. The appearance looked 13 (interesting) than ever.
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The African penguin is expected to go extinct in the wild in just over a decade, given its current population decline. The main reason is a lack of food caused by disturbance to ocean conditions from global heating and 14 (compete) from the commercial fishing industry. According to a study, recently scientists 15 (identify) a possible additional cause, one that is an entirely new threat and that further 16 (prevent) the penguins from finding food: noise pollution from marine ships in a bay.
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白
处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Crying is a natural response to emotions. Regardless of 17 causes the tears to flow, the physical reaction is usually the same with puffy cheeks and tight eyes 18 (lead) to streaming tears down one’s face. Despite its stigma (污名), crying can be an act 19 relieves tension and clears feelings of negativity and sadness. Crying can communicate our emotions to others and foster greater understanding and compassion. Ultimately, crying is a powerful tool we ought to use to free ourselves 20 negativity.
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题，每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Four Best Language Learning Apps Of 2024
Innovative 101
Platform: iOS | Android
Price: Starts at $7.99 per month per language
Plus Point: New video lessons are added every week.
The app offers hundreds of short video lessons (3 to 15 minutes long) to teach you languages in an easy and fun way. All of them are recorded by real teachers with years of experience. A total of 34 languages are available with in-depth lesson notes and line-by-line reading for premium (高级的) users.
Pimsleur
Platform: iOS | Android
Price: Free | Premium subscription starts at $19.99 per language
Plus Point: There are no ads so you can learn without interruptions.
Unlike other apps, Pimsleur fits into your downtime and works in offline mode. Its inbuilt hand-free mode makes it easy to learn a new language anytime and anywhere.
Drops
Platform: iOS | Android
Price: Free for 5 minutes daily | $17.99 gets you daily 10 minutes bonus | $47.99 for unlimited time
Plus Point: It uses word puzzles and memory associations to make learning easy.
Drops also features advanced statistics. After every session, you will see a detailed report of your progress. We would suggest starting with a free version to see if you like the basic format and then move to the premium
version.
LingoDeer
Platform: iOS | Android
Price: Free | Monthly subscription cost $11.99
Plus Point: Comes with detailed grammar notes and study reminders.
LingoDeer gives you an option to build a routine and environment that works for you: customize anything you want, including a background color, type of words, or the speaker’s voice.
21．Which app can be used in an environment without a network
A．Innovative 101. B．LingoDeer. C．Pimsleur. D．Drops.
22．How much is the subscription to LingoDeer for two months
A．$11.99. B．$19.99. C．$23.98. D．$47.99.
23．What do these four apps have in common
A．They update very quickly. B．They have the same plus point.
C．They offer free trial lessons. D．They run on two different platforms.
B
Italy’s oldest man Tripoli Giannini, who credited “light meals and no stress” for his longevity, has died at the age of 111, on New Year’s Eve. He was the second oldest man in Europe, after André Ludwig, a Frenchman 75 days older.
His son, Romano, wrote on Facebook: “He believed he was immortal …instead, at 9.30 am, December 31, 2023, my father Tripoli Giannini died. He was 111 years and 133 days old — a record! He joins his wife, Tosca, my mother, who has waited for him for over 40 years.”
There are a record number of centenarians (百岁老人) in Italy. According to the national statistics agency, there were 22,000 people aged over 100 in 2023. The vast majority are women.
His life is like a living history textbook. Giannini, who belonged to the Italian army infantry corps, was born in Cecina in 1912. He not only witnessed the changes of the two world wars, but also experienced the election of about ten popes (教皇). The more admirable thing is that he has successfully withstood the multiple pandemic s from Spanish flu in his childhood to COVID-19 in his later years, demonstrating his unyielding energy. He is not only known for his longevity, but also a sports enthusiast.
During celebrations, he said the secrets to his longevity were light meals — always accompanied by wine — no stress, being a non-smoker and treating each day as a gift.
The Italian island of Sardinia has been identified as one of five regions in the world that have high concentrations of centenarians, while the Italian city with the most people over the age of 100 is Genoa in Liguria. The Mediterranean diet has long been considered to be the main ingredient for longevity among Italians. The country’s ageing population is a challenge for the government, especially as it coincides with a reducing birthrate, placing pressure on the pension and healthcare systems.
24．How old might Tripoli Giannini be when he lost his wife
A．In his 50s. B．In his 60s. C．In his 80s. D．In his 90s.
25．Which of the following aspects contributed to Tripoli’s longevity
A．Wine drinking and smoking. B．Light diets and no pressure.
C．Wine drinking and his wife. D．Light diets and healthcare.
26．What can we infer about Tripoli Giannini from the text
A．He might get involved in politics.
B．He might be optimistic towards life.
C．He might be the oldest in both Italy and Europe.
D．He might have suffered from many illnesses in his long life.
27．What is the purpose of writing this text
A．To advertise the diet of Italy. B．To promote the anti-smoking campaign.
C．To highlight the ageing situation in Italy. D．To publicize Italy’s oldest man’s death.
C
The colorful anemonefish (海葵鱼), also known as clownfish, possesses a cheerful and carefree image among humans. However, their actual behavior might not always align with the family-friendly portrayal seen in a Pixar film. They can aggressively defend their territory against other anemonefish they perceive as threats.
To investigate how these fish identify group members, a team from Japan conducted two experiments with lab-raised common clownfish that had never encountered any other species.
In the first experiment, researchers introduced different species of anemonefish, distinguishable by the number of white bars on their bodies, into a tank in small cases. They observed that the common clownfish were particularly hostile toward members of their own species that displayed three white bars. These fish fought 80 percent of their specific-targeted fish for up to three seconds. In contrast, invaders from other species, like the orange skunk clownfish with no side bars and a white line along its back, were barely attacked. The two-barred Clarke’s clownfish and three-barred saddleback clownfish were “mildly bullied”, according to the team.
During the second experiment, the researchers exposed a colony of clownfish to various plastic discs. The discs were painted with anemonefish coloration and measured the level of aggression towards these artificial models. Similar to reactions to live fish, models with two bars were less frequently attacked, and those without any bars saw the least aggression. According to study co-author and ecologist Kina Hayashi, the findings “suggest that clownfish is capable of counting the number of bars to recognize the species of the invader”.
The team also found that a rigid hierarchy (社会等级) within clownfish colonies determines which specific fish attack the invader. Earlier studies have shown that the social position of the clownfish is determined by very slight differences in size. This study used fish that had not matured and were in a lab setting, but the team still observed the same size-based hierarchy. The largest clownfish led the charge against the invader.
28．What does the underlined word “hostile” mean in the third paragraph
A．Unfriendly. B．Tolerant. C．Patient. D．Sympathetic.
29．How is the study conducted
A．By introducing a new concept. B．By comparing different clownfish.
C．By observing clownfish’ behaviors. D．By analyzing statistics of previous studies.
30．What is the finding of the two experiments
A．Clownfish can’t reach maturity in a lab setting.
B．Skunk clownfish is the most modest clownfish.
C．The social position of a clownfish depends on its size.
D．Clownfish identify threats by the number of vertical bars.
31．Which is the best title of the passage
A．Barred and Bullied: Attacks from Anemonefish.
B．Clownfish and Conflicts: Strict Social Hierarchies.
C．Beyond the Screen: The identification of Clownfish.
D．From Lab to Tank: Aggression Among Anemonefish.
D
Newspapers, advertisements, and labels surround us everywhere, turning our environment into a mass of texts to be read or ignored. As the quantity of information we receive continually increases and as information spreading is shifting from page to screen, it may be time to ask how changes in our way of reading may affect our mental life. For how we receive information bears vitally on the ways we experience and interpret reality.
What is most obvious in the evolution of reading is the gradual displacement of the vertical (垂直的) by the
horizontal—a shift from intensive to extensive reading. In our culture, access is not a problem, but proliferation (激增) is. And the reading act is necessarily different than it was in its earliest days. Awed by the availability of texts, the reader tends to move across surfaces without allowing the words to resonate (共鸣) inwardly.
Interestingly, this shift from vertical to horizontal parallels the overall societal shift from bounded lifetimes spent in single locales to lives lived in wider geographical areas amid streams of data. This larger access was once regarded as worldliness—one traveled, knew the life of cities, the ways of diverse people…. It has now become the birthright of anyone who owns a television set.
How do we square the advantages and disadvantages of horizontal and vertical awareness The villagers, who know everything about their surroundings, are blessedly unaware of events in distant lands. The media-obsessed urbanites, by contrast, never lose their awareness of what happens in different parts of the world.
We may ask, which people are happier The villagers may have found more sense in things owing both to the limited range of their concern and the depth on their information. But restricted conditions and habit also suggest boredom and limitation. The lack of a larger perspective (视角) leads to suspiciousness and cautious conservatism, but for the same reason, the constant availability of data and macro-perspectives has its own decreasing returns. When everything is happening everywhere, it gets harder to care about anything.
How do we assign value Where do we find the fixed context that allows us to create a narrative of sense about our lives Ideally, I suppose, one would have the best of both worlds—the purposeful fixity of the local, as well as the availability of enhancing views: a natural ecology of information and context.
32．What can we learn about the first two paragraphs
A．Readers today tend to ignore deep engagement with texts.
B．It’s difficult to shift from vertical to horizontal reading.
C．Where and how we read texts shapes our mental life.
D．People are tired of information proliferation.
33．According to the passage, villagers .
A．have a deeper understanding of their surroundings
B．show no interest in what happens in the world
C．are less bored than media-obsessed urbanites
D．cannot adapt to changing situations
34．What can we learn from the passage
A．Vertical awareness allows us to care about others.
B．Changes in our reading habits lead to the societal shift.
C．It’s wise to keep a balance between a local and a global view.
D．Horizontal reading affects our mindset more than vertical reading.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有项为多余选项。
Some of the oldest living things on our remarkable planet are trees. The record holders are bristlecone pines (狐尾松) of the western United States, quite a few of which are known to be more than 3,000 years old. One individual, discovered in 2012, is estimated to be more than 5,060 years old, making it the oldest known non-clonal tree in the world! 35 : individuals across a number of other tree species have also been around for thousands of years.
So, how do trees survive for thousands of years 36 . Undoubtedly, part of the answer lies in luck. Ancient trees have obviously not submitted to deadly diseases, pests, fires, droughts, windstorms, landslides, or the human axe in the centuries and centuries that they have quietly endured.
The other part of the answer has to do with how trees age. In fact, there is quite a debate about whether ancient trees can be considered “immortal (永生的)”. That is, will such trees ever die if they are not killed by an outside force We may never know the answer to that, but, at the very least, 37 . While cell death is an important factor in the aging of humans and other animals, one study found little evidence of cell death in the ginkgo tree vascular cambium (银杏树维管形成层). In addition, a study of bristlecone pine pollen (花粉) found no significant increase in mutation (变异) rates with age, which is another factor associated with animal aging. 38 .
Older trees benefit greatly from having bodies made mostly of dead woody tissue. In fact, an old tree might be as much as 95 percent dead tissue! Given that it isn’t alive, wood does not require metabolic (新陈代谢的) activity to maintain it, 39 .
A．so an old tree doesn’t really need to do much to keep living
B．This is a question that has something to do with the good luck of trees
C．However, bristlecones are certainly not alone in terms of the oldest creatures
D．This is a fascinating question for biologists that does not yet have a settled answer
E．What’s more, some ancient trees have superior chemical defenses against pests and diseases
F．which means that trees can survive everywhere without being limited by external and internal conditions
G．we know that ancient trees age in ways that are dramatically different from the ways that most animals and
even other plants age
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，共32分）
第一节 阅读表达（共4小题，第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
The capacity for empathy — to first identify and then understand and share in someone else’s feelings — is largely held as a virtue. Yet, there is a knowledge problem that makes being naturally empathetic a struggle. Why As poet John Keats put it, “Nothing ever becomes real until it is experienced.”
So how can someone else’s perspective (视角) and emotions ever become real enough for us to develop empathy Reading fiction may provide an answer.
Studies show that when you read fiction, it not only activates the language processing center of the brain but also increases global flow in the brain. It speeds up the part involved in physical movement and areas of the brain linked to sensory experiences. In other words, reading fiction lights up the brain in ways that copy the neural (神经) activities of the experience you’re reading about. For example, if you read a well-written passage about a character hiking through the wilderness, your brain reacts as if you’re on that hike.
To really cultivate empathy, you need to be internally more aware of and connected to those around you. And again, reading fiction is associated with just such a skill. One study, which assesses one’s ability to determine someone else’s emotions based on their facial expression alone, showed that fiction readers scored higher than non-readers and readers of nonfiction. The researchers assumed that reading fiction allows people to practice taking on someone else’s perspective and thus improves their social awareness. This suggests that reading fiction improves one’s theory of mind and emotional intelligence.
The takeaway lesson is simple: If you want to build empathy, try reading more fiction, more often — especially fiction by and about people whose experiences are different from your own.
40．What does the author think can help develop empathy
41．How does reading fiction light up our mind
42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why
Non-readers and readers of nonfiction can better determine someone else’s emotions based on their facial expression alone.
43．In addition to the benefits mentioned above, what do you think are some other benefits of reading fiction (In about 40 words)
第二节: 书面表达（共一题，20分)
44．假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim计划暑假来中国旅游，正好你也打算暑假出京旅游，想邀请他同行。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1.邀请他同去的地方和理由；
2.旅游安排。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
参考答案：
1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．B 6．A 7．D 8．B 9．C 10．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Damian喜欢为社区的街头小贩提供免费理发，并与他们分享愉快的谈话，一次他发现Pacheco显得很孤独，发现他是因为上个月掉了两颗牙，变得不自信，于是他陪Pacheco去看牙医补好了牙齿，Pacheco又变得自信起来。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每个周末，带着一把椅子和一些工具，达米安就会在附近摆摊。A. provided提供；B. armedarm；C. satisfied满足；D. troubled麻烦。根据后文“with a chair and some tools”可知，此处指带着一把椅子和一些工具，短语be armed with表示“配备，带着”。故选B。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个年轻人喜欢为社区的街头小贩提供免费理发，并与他们分享愉快的谈话。A. treatments治疗；B. workplaces工作场所；C. haircuts理发；D. setups安装。根据后文“When Damian was cutting Pacheco’s hair”可知，他提供的是免费理发。故选C。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：达米安见到这位老朋友非常兴奋，他使他想起了过去许多美好的回忆。A. freed释放；B. reminded提醒；C. convinced说服；D. suspected怀疑。根据后文“him of so many sweet memories of the past”可知，此处是动词短语remind sb. of sth.，表示“使某人想起”。故选B。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他还是个孩子的时候，雪糕给他带来了很多快乐。A. joy快乐；B. courage鼓励；C. inspiration灵感；D. challenge挑战。根据后文“Now Damian can still remember those wonderful moments.(现在达米安还记得那些美好的时刻)”可知，当他还是个孩子的时候，雪糕给他带来了很多快乐。故选A。
5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当达米安给帕切科剪头发时，他注意到帕切科这次很孤独。A. active活跃的；B. lonely孤独的；C. curious好奇的；D. different不同的。根据后文“Pacheco had been living alone”可知，当达米安给帕切科剪头发时，他注意到帕切科这次很孤独。故选B。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们谈话时，帕切科隐藏了他的笑容。A. hid隐藏；B. spread传播；C. showed展示；D. observed观察。根据后文“In fact, he lost two teeth last month and was
unwilling to smile”可知，帕切科因为没了牙齿，隐藏了他的笑容，故选A。
7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：事实上，他上个月掉了两颗牙，由于害怕客户对他牙齿的一些评论，他不愿意笑得很开心。A. quietly安静地；B. shyly害羞地；C. warmly温暖地；D. broadly灿烂地。根据后文“for fear of some of the comments his clients have made about his teeth”可知，这里指灿烂微笑，应用副词broadly。故选D。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：帕切科一直独自生活，并没有打算去诊所，因为他以前从未去过那里。A. bar酒吧；B. clinic诊所；C. community社区；D. stand摊位。上文提到帕切科丢了牙齿，所以是去诊所。故选B。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那之后，他忙着陪帕切科去看牙医。A. ordering命令；B. inviting邀请；C. accompanying陪伴；D. limiting限制。根据后文“Pacheco to the dental appointments”可知，此处指他忙着陪帕切科去看牙医。故选C。
10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在，帕切科感到更加自信，毫不犹豫地向社区的人们展示他新的灿烂笑容。A. patient耐心的；B. generous慷慨的；C. independent独立的；D. confident自信的。根据后文“doesn’t hesitate to give his new shining smile to the people in the community.”可知，帕切科牙补好了，感到更加自信。故选D。
11．were damaged 12．to collect 13．more interesting
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了女儿的鞋被划伤，但经过鞋店的特殊处理后，看起来比以前更有趣了。
11．考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：不久前，我女儿的鞋子被刀弄坏了。分析句子可知，damage(损坏)是句中谓语动词，与主语shoes之间是被动关系，句中有时间状语Not long ago，应使用一般过去时态，又因主语shoes是复数名词，所以谓语动词也应使用复数形式。综上，谓语应用一般过去时的被动语态，复数形式。故填were damaged。
12．考查非谓语动词。句意：两天后，我下班过来取鞋。根据句意，“取鞋”是“过来”的目的，用不定式作目的状语。故填to collect。
13．考查形容词比较级。句意：它的样子比以往任何时候都更有趣。根据句意和空格后介词than可知，应使用形容词比较级more interesting作表语，表示“更有趣”。故填more interesting。
14．competition 15．have identified 16．prevents
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了非洲企鹅数量的下降的原因。
14．考查名词。句意：主要原因是全球变暖对海洋环境的干扰和商业捕鱼业的竞争造成了食物短缺。分析句子可知，提示词与名词disturbance是并列关系，作介词宾语，用名词competition，意为“竞争”。故填competition。
15．考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：根据一项研究，最近科学家们发现了一个可能的额外原因，这是一个全新的威胁，进一步阻止企鹅寻找食物：海湾中船舶的噪音污染。分析句子可知，identify(发现)是句中谓语动词，与主语scientists之间是主动关系，句中有时间状语recently，应使用现在完成时态，又因主语是复数名词，所以谓语动词也应使用复数形式。综上，谓语应用现在完成时主动语态，复数形式。故填have identified。
16．考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：根据一项研究，最近科学家们发现了一个可能的额外原因，这是一个全新的威胁，进一步阻止企鹅寻找食物：海湾中船舶的噪音污染。分析句子可知，prevent(阻止)是定语从句中谓语动词，与关系代词that(即先行词one)之间是主动关系，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时态，又因主语是单数代词，所以谓语动词也应使用单数形式。综上，谓语应用一般现在时主动语态，单数形式。故填prevents。
17．what 18．leading 19．which/that 20．from
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了哭泣的好处。
17．考查宾语从句。句意：不管什么原因导致眼泪流出来，身体上的反应通常都是一样的，面颊浮肿，眼睛紧绷，导致眼泪从脸上流下来。介词短语Regardless of后接宾语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，所以用连接代词what引导。故填what。
18．考查非谓语动词。句意：不管什么原因导致眼泪流出来，身体上的反应通常都是一样的，面颊浮肿，眼睛紧绷，导致眼泪从脸上流下来。“with +名词/代词（宾语）+非谓语动词（宾补）”with复合结构 ，该空非谓语动词作宾补，宾语puffy cheeks and tight eyes和lead to是主动关系，所以用现在分词形式。故填leading。
19．考查定语从句。句意：尽管哭泣是一种耻辱，但它可以是一种缓解紧张、清除消极和悲伤情绪的行为。句中先行词为act，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。
20．考查介词。句意：最终，哭泣是一种强大的工具，我们应该用它来摆脱消极情绪。free from免于；摆脱。故填from。
21．C 22．C 23．D
【导语】本文为一篇应用文，文章主要介绍了2024年四个最好的语言学习的软件。
21．细节理解题。根据文章Pimsleur部分“Unlike other apps, Pimsleur fits into your downtime and works in offline mode. (与其他软件不一样的是，Pimsleur适用于你停机的时候，并以离线模式工作。)”可知，Pimsleur适合在没有网络的环境下使用，故选C。
22．细节理解题。根据文章LingoDeer部分“Price: Free | Monthly subscription cost $11.99 (价格：免费|每月订购费用为11.99美元。)”可知，LingoDee的每月订购费用是11.99美元，那两个月就是11.99美元乘以2等于23.98美元，故选C。
23．细节理解题。根据Innovative 101部分“Platform: iOS | Android(平台：iOS /安卓)”，Pimsleur部分“Platform: iOS | Android(平台：iOS /安卓)”，Drops部分“Platform: iOS | Android(平台：iOS /安卓)”，LingoDeer部分“Platform: iOS | Android(平台：iOS /安卓)”可知，这四个软件都能在两个不同的平台上使用，故选D。
24．B 25．B 26．B 27．D
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。意大利最长寿老人特里波利·詹尼尼（Tripoli Giannini）日前在家中去世，享年111岁，他曾表示其长寿秘诀是“饮食清淡，无压力生活”。詹尼尼生于1912年，亲历了两次世界大战和十位教皇的任期，成功抵挡了多次疫情冲击。
24．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“He joins his wife, Tosca, my mother, who has waited for him for over 40 years.”（他加入了他的妻子，托斯卡，我的母亲，她已经等待他超过40年。）可推知，他的妻子在他大约60多岁的时候去世。故选B项。
25．细节理解题。细节理解题。根据文章第五段“During celebrations, he said the secrets to his longevity were light meals—always accompanied by wine—no stress, being a non-smoker and treating each day as a gift.”（在庆祝活动中，他说他长寿的秘诀是清淡的饮食——总是伴随着酒——无压力，不吸烟，把每一天都当作礼物。）可推知，清淡的饮食和无压力是他长寿的秘诀。故选B项。
26．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“During celebrations, he said the secrets to his longevity were light meals—always accompanied by wine—no stress, being a non-smoker and treating each day as a gift.”（在庆祝活动中，他说他长寿的秘诀是清淡的饮食——总是伴随着酒——无压力，不吸烟，把每一天都当作礼物。）可推知，他可能对生活持乐观态度。故选B项。
27．推理判断题。根据第一段“Italy’s oldest man Tripoli Giannini, who credited “light meals and
no stress” for his longevity, has died at the age of 111, on New Year’s Eve.”（ 意大利最长寿的老人特里波里 贾尼尼于新年前夜去世，享年111岁。他将自己的长寿归功于“清淡的饮食和无压力”。）可知，短文的目的是公布意大利最长寿老人的死讯。故选D项。
28．A 29．C 30．D 31．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍一项研究，表明电影中描绘的家族友好型小丑鱼并不总是那么友好，它们也会积极地攻击它们认为是威胁的其他小丑鱼。
28．词句猜测题。第三段划线词句后文“These fish fought 80 percent of their specific-targeted fish for up to three seconds. (这些鱼与80%的特定目标鱼搏斗长达3秒。)”说明这些鱼对特定目标鱼不友好，从而推知划线词句“They observed that the common clownfish were particularly hostile toward members of their own species that displayed three white bars.(他们观察到，普通的小丑鱼对自己物种中表现出三条白色条纹的成员尤其hostile。)”其中划线部分意思是“不友好，有敌意”。故选A项。
29．推理判断题。根据第三段中“In the first experiment, researchers introduced different species of anemonefish, distinguishable by the number of white bars on their bodies, into a tank in small cases. They observed that the common clownfish were particularly hostile toward members of their own species that displayed three white bars. (在第一个实验中，研究人员将不同种类的海葵鱼，通过它们身体上白色条纹的数量来区分，放进一个小箱子里。他们观察到，普通的小丑鱼对自己物种中表现出三条白色条纹的成员尤其hostile。)”等内容可知，这项研究是通过观察鱼的行为进行的。故选C项。
30．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“According to study co-author and ecologist Kina Hayashi, the findings ‘suggest that clownfish is capable of counting the number of bars to recognize the species of the invader’. (根据该研究的合著者、生态学家Kina Hayashi的说法，这些发现‘表明小丑鱼能够通过计算条纹的数量来识别入侵者的种类’。)”可知，这两个实验的结果发现小丑鱼通过条纹的数量来识别威胁。故选D项。
31．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段“The colorful anemonefish(海葵鱼), also known as clownfish, possesses a cheerful and carefree image among humans. However, their actual behavior might not always align with the family-friendly portrayal seen in a Pixar film. They can aggressively defend their territory against other anemonefish they perceive as threats. (五颜六色的海葵鱼，也被称为小丑鱼，在人类中有着欢快和无忧无虑的形象。然而，他们的实际行为
可能并不总是与皮克斯电影中对家族友好的描绘相符。它们可以积极地保护自己的领土，不受它们认为是威胁的其他海葵鱼的攻击。)”可知，本文主要讲述了电影中描绘的家族友好型小丑鱼并不总是那么友好，它们也会积极地攻击它们认为是威胁的其他小丑鱼。C“屏幕之外：小丑鱼的鉴定”符合主题，故选C项。
32．A 33．A 34．C
【导语】本文是说明文。随着我们接收到的信息量不断增加，随着信息传播从页面转移到屏幕，是时候问一下我们阅读方式的变化会如何影响我们的精神生活了。
32．推理判断题。根据第一段“Newspapers, advertisements, and labels surround us everywhere, turning our environment into a mass of texts to be read or ignored.（报纸、广告和标签无处不在，把我们的环境变成了一大堆可以阅读或忽略的文本。）”以及第二段“Awed by the availability of texts, the reader tends to move across surfaces without allowing the words to resonate(共鸣) inwardly. (由于对文本的可用性感到敬畏，读者倾向于在表面上移动，而不允许文字在内心产生共鸣。)”可知，今天的读者往往忽略了与文本的深度接触。故选A。
33．细节理解题。根据第四段“The villagers, who know everything about their surroundings, are blessedly unaware of events in distant lands.（村民们对周围的一切都了如指掌，幸运的是，他们对遥远的地方发生的事情一无所知。）”可知，村民们 对周围环境有更深入的了解。故选A。
34．推理判断题。根据最后一段“How do we assign value Where do we find the fixed context that allows us to create a narrative of sense about our lives Ideally, I suppose, one would have the best of both worlds—the purposeful fixity of the local, as well as the availability of enhancing views: a natural ecology of information and context.（我们如何赋值 我们在哪里找到一个固定的环境，让我们能够创造一种关于我们生活的感觉 我想，最理想的情况是，一个人将拥有两全其美的一面——有目的的固定的地方，以及增强视野的可用性：信息和环境的自然生态。）”可知，在本地视角和全球视角之间保持平衡是明智的。故选C。
35．C 36．B 37．G 38．D 39．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了古树寿命长的原因。
35．由上文“The record holders are bristlecone pines (狐尾松) of the western United States, quite a few of which are known to be more than 3,000 years old. One individual, discovered in 2012, is
estimated to be more than 5,060 years old, making it the oldest known non-clonal tree in the world! (在我们这个非凡的星球上，一些最古老的生物是树木。纪录保持者是美国西部的狐尾松，其中相当一部分的树龄已经超过3000年。2012年发现的一棵树估计有5060多岁，是世界上已知最古老的非克隆树！)”和后文“but also about being a good listener (许多其他树种的个体也已经存在了数千年)”可知，本句要表不是只有狐尾松古老，故C选项“However, bristlecones are certainly not alone in terms of the oldest creatures (然而，就最古老的生物而言，狐尾松肯定不是唯一的)”能承上启下，符合题意。故选C。
36．由下文“Undoubtedly, part of the answer lies in luck. Ancient trees have obviously not submitted to deadly diseases, pests, fires, droughts, windstorms, landslides, or the human axe in the centuries and centuries that they have quietly endured. (毫无疑问，部分原因在于运气。古树显然没有屈服于致命的疾病，害虫，火灾，干旱，风暴，山体滑坡，或人类的斧头在他们默默地忍受了一个又一个世纪。)”可知，本空要说跟“运气”有关的话题，故B选项“This is a question that has something to do with the good luck of trees (这个问题与树木的好运有关)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选B。
37．由上文“The other part of the answer has to do with how trees age. (答案的另一部分与树木如何老化有关。)”可知，本空要说跟“如何老化”有关的话题，和上文“We may never know the answer to that, but, at the very least(我们可能永远不会知道答案，但至少)”可知，前文说不知道的事情，本空说至少知道的一件事，且与“如何老化”有关，故G选项“we know that ancient trees age in ways that are dramatically different from the ways that most animals and even other plants age (我们知道，古树的衰老方式与大多数动物甚至其他植物的衰老方式截然不同)”能承上启下，符合题意。故选G。
38．由上文“In addition, a study of bristlecone pine pollen (花粉) found no significant increase in mutation (变异) rates with age, which is another factor associated with animal aging. (此外，一项对狐尾松花粉的研究发现，突变率没有随着年龄的增长而显著增加，这是与动物衰老有关的另一个因素。)”可知，这种现象是有趣的，故D选项“This is a fascinating question for biologists that does not yet have a settled answer (对于生物学家来说，这是一个有趣的问题，但还没有一个确定的答案)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选D。
39．由上文“Older trees benefit greatly from having bodies made mostly of dead woody tissue. In fact, an old tree might be as much as 95 percent dead tissue! Given that it isn’t alive, wood does not require metabolic (新陈代谢的) activity to maintain it, (老树的身体主要由死亡的木质组织
构成，这对它们大有好处。事实上，一棵老树的坏死组织可能高达95% ！鉴于它不是活的，木材不需要代谢活动来维持它。)”可知，老树不需要新陈代谢，故A选项“so an old tree doesn’t really need to do much to keep living (所以一棵老树其实不需要做什么来维持生命)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选A。
40．Reading fiction. 41．By copying the neural (神经) activities of the experience we’re reading about. 42．Non-readers and readers of nonfiction can better determine someone else’s emotions based on their facial expression alone.
·Fiction readers can better determine someone else’s emotions based on their facial expression alone. 43．言之有理即可，如Reading fiction helps us develop our brains. The human brain can work well when we just do regular things, like driving or walking. However, it performs more effectively when an element of surprise is added, because this helps build connections in the brain.
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述阅读小说有助于培养同理心。
40．考查细节理解。根据第二段中“So how can someone else's perspective (视角) and emotions ever become real enough for us to develop empathy Reading fiction may provide an answer.(那么，别人的观点和情绪如何才能变得真实到足以让我们产生同理心呢？阅读小说可能会提供一个答案)”可知， 作者认为阅读小说有助于培养同理心。故答案为Reading fiction.
41．考查细节理解。根据第三段中“In other words, reading fiction lights up the brain in ways that copy the neural (神经) activities of the experience you're reading about.(换句话说，阅读小说会激活大脑，其方式是复制你所阅读的经历的神经活动)”可知，阅读小说通过复制你所阅读的经历的神经活动来激活大脑。故答案为By copying the neural (神经) activities of the experience we’re reading about.
42．考查细节理解。根据第四段中“One study, which assesses one’s ability to determine someone else’s emotions based on their facial expression alone, showed that fiction readers scored higher than non-readers and readers of nonfiction.(一项研究评估了一个人仅根据面部表情判断他人情绪的能力，结果显示，读小说的人得分高于不读小说的人和读非小说的人)”可知，比起不读小说的人和读非小说的人，读小说的人凭面部表情能更好地判断他人的情绪，故本句应在“Non-readers and readers of nonfiction”下划线，因为Fiction readers can better determine someone else’s emotions based on their facial expression alone(读小说的人仅凭面部表情能更好地判断别人的情绪)。故答案为Non-readers and readers of nonfiction can better determine
someone else’s emotions based on their facial expression alone.·Fiction readers can better determine someone else’s emotions based on their facial expression alone.
43．考查开放题型。本题是开放题型，要求写出阅读小说还有哪些好处，言之有理即可，注意字数。如Reading fiction helps us develop our brains. The human brain can work well when we just do regular things, like driving or walking. However, it performs more effectively when an element of surprise is added, because this helps build connections in the brain.
44．Dear Jim,
I'm more than glad to know that you're traveling in China this summer vacation. I'm also planning a journey to Xi'an during that time, so why not join me
Xi'an, as the capital city of Tang Dynasty which is famous for its richness in ancient China, is the destination of millions of people every year. What I plan to do is to stay there for a week to visit Shanxi History Museum, climb up the Big Wild Goose Pagoda, cycle on top of the ancient City Wall, appreciate Terracotta Warriors as well as taste the well-known traditional foods. I believe the trip will leave you a deep impression.
Hope we can enjoy the trip together and look forward to your reply.
Yours,
Lihua
【导语】本篇书面表达是一篇邀请信。假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim计划暑假来中国旅游，正好你也打算暑假出京旅游，想邀请他同行。
【详解】1.词汇积累
知道：know→ be informed
计划：plan → map out
著名的：famous→ outstanding
认为：believe→ assume
2.句式拓展
同义句
原句：I'm more than glad to know that you're traveling in China this summer vacation. I'm also planning a journey to Xi'an during that time, so why not join me
拓展句：Knowing that you're traveling in China this summer vacation, I'm planning a journey to Xi'an during that time, so why not join me
【点睛】【高分句型1】Xi'an, as the capital city of Tang Dynasty which is famous for its richness in ancient China, is the destination of millions of people every year.（ which引导的定语从句）
【高分句型2】What I plan to do is to stay there for a week to visit Shanxi History Museum, climb up the Big Wild Goose Pagoda, cycle on top of the ancient City Wall, appreciate Terracotta Warriors as well as taste the well-known traditional foods.（主语从句）
2024年高考最后一卷（北京卷）
英语
（考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：100分）
注意事项：
1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。
3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节 完型填空（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项涂黑。
Everyone can do something for their community in their own way, just like what Damian has done. Every weekend, 1 with a chair and some tools, Damian sets up a stand in the neighborhood.
The young man likes to offer free 2 to street vendors (摊贩) in the community and share nice conversations with them. One day, Pacheco, the ice cream vendor, went to the stand. Damien was very excited at the sight of this old friend, who 3 him of so many sweet memories of the past. The ice cream bar brought him a lot of 4 when he was a child. Now Damian can still remember those wonderful moments.
When Damian was cutting Pacheco’s hair, he noticed that Pacheco was 5 this time. As they talked, Pacheco 6 his smile. In fact, he lost two teeth last month and was unwilling to smile 7 for fear of some of the comments his clients have made about his teeth. Pacheco had been living alone and had no intention of going to the 8 because he had never been there before.
Learning of Pacheco’s current situation, Damian was determined to do something for him. After that, he was busy 9 Pacheco to the dental appointments. For three months, Damian drove Pacheco to the dentist and made sure that Pacheco could receive his much - needed artificial teeth.
Now, Pacheco feels more 10 and doesn’t hesitate to give his new shining smile to the people in the
community. They go on with their wonderful lives.
1．A．provided B．armed C．satisfied D．troubled
2．A．treatments B．workplaces C．haircuts D．setups
3．A．freed B．reminded C．convinced D．suspected
4．A．joy B．courage C．inspiration D．challenge
5．A．active B．lonely C．curious D．different
6．A．hid B．spread C．showed D．observed
7．A．quietly B．shyly C．warmly D．broadly
8．A．bar B．clinic C．community D．stand
9．A．ordering B．inviting C．accompanying D．limiting
10．A．patient B．generous C．independent D．confident
第二节 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分,共15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
Not long ago, my daughter’s shoes 11 (damage) with a knife. She burst into tears. I took them to the shoemaker’s. The man said he would add more scratches on both shoes as if the openings were made on purpose for a special style. I didn’t fully understand him, but I decided to leave the shoes. Two days later I dropped by from work 12 (collect) the shoes. I found more scratches on each shoe, but all the openings were patched by red leather and the stitches were twisted. The appearance looked 13 (interesting) than ever.
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The African penguin is expected to go extinct in the wild in just over a decade, given its current population decline. The main reason is a lack of food caused by disturbance to ocean conditions from global heating and 14 (compete) from the commercial fishing industry. According to a study, recently scientists 15 (identify) a possible additional cause, one that is an entirely new threat and that further 16 (prevent) the penguins from finding food: noise pollution from marine ships in a bay.
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白
处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Crying is a natural response to emotions. Regardless of 17 causes the tears to flow, the physical reaction is usually the same with puffy cheeks and tight eyes 18 (lead) to streaming tears down one’s face. Despite its stigma (污名), crying can be an act 19 relieves tension and clears feelings of negativity and sadness. Crying can communicate our emotions to others and foster greater understanding and compassion. Ultimately, crying is a powerful tool we ought to use to free ourselves 20 negativity.
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题，每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Four Best Language Learning Apps Of 2024
Innovative 101
Platform: iOS | Android
Price: Starts at $7.99 per month per language
Plus Point: New video lessons are added every week.
The app offers hundreds of short video lessons (3 to 15 minutes long) to teach you languages in an easy and fun way. All of them are recorded by real teachers with years of experience. A total of 34 languages are available with in-depth lesson notes and line-by-line reading for premium (高级的) users.
Pimsleur
Platform: iOS | Android
Price: Free | Premium subscription starts at $19.99 per language
Plus Point: There are no ads so you can learn without interruptions.
Unlike other apps, Pimsleur fits into your downtime and works in offline mode. Its inbuilt hand-free mode makes it easy to learn a new language anytime and anywhere.
Drops
Platform: iOS | Android
Price: Free for 5 minutes daily | $17.99 gets you daily 10 minutes bonus | $47.99 for unlimited time
Plus Point: It uses word puzzles and memory associations to make learning easy.
Drops also features advanced statistics. After every session, you will see a detailed report of your progress. We would suggest starting with a free version to see if you like the basic format and then move to the premium
version.
LingoDeer
Platform: iOS | Android
Price: Free | Monthly subscription cost $11.99
Plus Point: Comes with detailed grammar notes and study reminders.
LingoDeer gives you an option to build a routine and environment that works for you: customize anything you want, including a background color, type of words, or the speaker’s voice.
21．Which app can be used in an environment without a network
A．Innovative 101. B．LingoDeer. C．Pimsleur. D．Drops.
22．How much is the subscription to LingoDeer for two months
A．$11.99. B．$19.99. C．$23.98. D．$47.99.
23．What do these four apps have in common
A．They update very quickly. B．They have the same plus point.
C．They offer free trial lessons. D．They run on two different platforms.
B
Italy’s oldest man Tripoli Giannini, who credited “light meals and no stress” for his longevity, has died at the age of 111, on New Year’s Eve. He was the second oldest man in Europe, after André Ludwig, a Frenchman 75 days older.
His son, Romano, wrote on Facebook: “He believed he was immortal …instead, at 9.30 am, December 31, 2023, my father Tripoli Giannini died. He was 111 years and 133 days old — a record! He joins his wife, Tosca, my mother, who has waited for him for over 40 years.”
There are a record number of centenarians (百岁老人) in Italy. According to the national statistics agency, there were 22,000 people aged over 100 in 2023. The vast majority are women.
His life is like a living history textbook. Giannini, who belonged to the Italian army infantry corps, was born in Cecina in 1912. He not only witnessed the changes of the two world wars, but also experienced the election of about ten popes (教皇). The more admirable thing is that he has successfully withstood the multiple pandemic s from Spanish flu in his childhood to COVID-19 in his later years, demonstrating his unyielding energy. He is not only known for his longevity, but also a sports enthusiast.
During celebrations, he said the secrets to his longevity were light meals — always accompanied by wine — no stress, being a non-smoker and treating each day as a gift.
The Italian island of Sardinia has been identified as one of five regions in the world that have high concentrations of centenarians, while the Italian city with the most people over the age of 100 is Genoa in Liguria. The Mediterranean diet has long been considered to be the main ingredient for longevity among Italians. The country’s ageing population is a challenge for the government, especially as it coincides with a reducing birthrate, placing pressure on the pension and healthcare systems.
24．How old might Tripoli Giannini be when he lost his wife
A．In his 50s. B．In his 60s. C．In his 80s. D．In his 90s.
25．Which of the following aspects contributed to Tripoli’s longevity
A．Wine drinking and smoking. B．Light diets and no pressure.
C．Wine drinking and his wife. D．Light diets and healthcare.
26．What can we infer about Tripoli Giannini from the text
A．He might get involved in politics.
B．He might be optimistic towards life.
C．He might be the oldest in both Italy and Europe.
D．He might have suffered from many illnesses in his long life.
27．What is the purpose of writing this text
A．To advertise the diet of Italy. B．To promote the anti-smoking campaign.
C．To highlight the ageing situation in Italy. D．To publicize Italy’s oldest man’s death.
C
The colorful anemonefish (海葵鱼), also known as clownfish, possesses a cheerful and carefree image among humans. However, their actual behavior might not always align with the family-friendly portrayal seen in a Pixar film. They can aggressively defend their territory against other anemonefish they perceive as threats.
To investigate how these fish identify group members, a team from Japan conducted two experiments with lab-raised common clownfish that had never encountered any other species.
In the first experiment, researchers introduced different species of anemonefish, distinguishable by the number of white bars on their bodies, into a tank in small cases. They observed that the common clownfish were particularly hostile toward members of their own species that displayed three white bars. These fish fought 80 percent of their specific-targeted fish for up to three seconds. In contrast, invaders from other species, like the orange skunk clownfish with no side bars and a white line along its back, were barely attacked. The two-barred Clarke’s clownfish and three-barred saddleback clownfish were “mildly bullied”, according to the team.
During the second experiment, the researchers exposed a colony of clownfish to various plastic discs. The discs were painted with anemonefish coloration and measured the level of aggression towards these artificial models. Similar to reactions to live fish, models with two bars were less frequently attacked, and those without any bars saw the least aggression. According to study co-author and ecologist Kina Hayashi, the findings “suggest that clownfish is capable of counting the number of bars to recognize the species of the invader”.
The team also found that a rigid hierarchy (社会等级) within clownfish colonies determines which specific fish attack the invader. Earlier studies have shown that the social position of the clownfish is determined by very slight differences in size. This study used fish that had not matured and were in a lab setting, but the team still observed the same size-based hierarchy. The largest clownfish led the charge against the invader.
28．What does the underlined word “hostile” mean in the third paragraph
A．Unfriendly. B．Tolerant. C．Patient. D．Sympathetic.
29．How is the study conducted
A．By introducing a new concept. B．By comparing different clownfish.
C．By observing clownfish’ behaviors. D．By analyzing statistics of previous studies.
30．What is the finding of the two experiments
A．Clownfish can’t reach maturity in a lab setting.
B．Skunk clownfish is the most modest clownfish.
C．The social position of a clownfish depends on its size.
D．Clownfish identify threats by the number of vertical bars.
31．Which is the best title of the passage
A．Barred and Bullied: Attacks from Anemonefish.
B．Clownfish and Conflicts: Strict Social Hierarchies.
C．Beyond the Screen: The identification of Clownfish.
D．From Lab to Tank: Aggression Among Anemonefish.
D
Newspapers, advertisements, and labels surround us everywhere, turning our environment into a mass of texts to be read or ignored. As the quantity of information we receive continually increases and as information spreading is shifting from page to screen, it may be time to ask how changes in our way of reading may affect our mental life. For how we receive information bears vitally on the ways we experience and interpret reality.
What is most obvious in the evolution of reading is the gradual displacement of the vertical (垂直的) by the
horizontal—a shift from intensive to extensive reading. In our culture, access is not a problem, but proliferation (激增) is. And the reading act is necessarily different than it was in its earliest days. Awed by the availability of texts, the reader tends to move across surfaces without allowing the words to resonate (共鸣) inwardly.
Interestingly, this shift from vertical to horizontal parallels the overall societal shift from bounded lifetimes spent in single locales to lives lived in wider geographical areas amid streams of data. This larger access was once regarded as worldliness—one traveled, knew the life of cities, the ways of diverse people…. It has now become the birthright of anyone who owns a television set.
How do we square the advantages and disadvantages of horizontal and vertical awareness The villagers, who know everything about their surroundings, are blessedly unaware of events in distant lands. The media-obsessed urbanites, by contrast, never lose their awareness of what happens in different parts of the world.
We may ask, which people are happier The villagers may have found more sense in things owing both to the limited range of their concern and the depth on their information. But restricted conditions and habit also suggest boredom and limitation. The lack of a larger perspective (视角) leads to suspiciousness and cautious conservatism, but for the same reason, the constant availability of data and macro-perspectives has its own decreasing returns. When everything is happening everywhere, it gets harder to care about anything.
How do we assign value Where do we find the fixed context that allows us to create a narrative of sense about our lives Ideally, I suppose, one would have the best of both worlds—the purposeful fixity of the local, as well as the availability of enhancing views: a natural ecology of information and context.
32．What can we learn about the first two paragraphs
A．Readers today tend to ignore deep engagement with texts.
B．It’s difficult to shift from vertical to horizontal reading.
C．Where and how we read texts shapes our mental life.
D．People are tired of information proliferation.
33．According to the passage, villagers .
A．have a deeper understanding of their surroundings
B．show no interest in what happens in the world
C．are less bored than media-obsessed urbanites
D．cannot adapt to changing situations
34．What can we learn from the passage
A．Vertical awareness allows us to care about others.
B．Changes in our reading habits lead to the societal shift.
C．It’s wise to keep a balance between a local and a global view.
D．Horizontal reading affects our mindset more than vertical reading.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有项为多余选项。
Some of the oldest living things on our remarkable planet are trees. The record holders are bristlecone pines (狐尾松) of the western United States, quite a few of which are known to be more than 3,000 years old. One individual, discovered in 2012, is estimated to be more than 5,060 years old, making it the oldest known non-clonal tree in the world! 35 : individuals across a number of other tree species have also been around for thousands of years.
So, how do trees survive for thousands of years 36 . Undoubtedly, part of the answer lies in luck. Ancient trees have obviously not submitted to deadly diseases, pests, fires, droughts, windstorms, landslides, or the human axe in the centuries and centuries that they have quietly endured.
The other part of the answer has to do with how trees age. In fact, there is quite a debate about whether ancient trees can be considered “immortal (永生的)”. That is, will such trees ever die if they are not killed by an outside force We may never know the answer to that, but, at the very least, 37 . While cell death is an important factor in the aging of humans and other animals, one study found little evidence of cell death in the ginkgo tree vascular cambium (银杏树维管形成层). In addition, a study of bristlecone pine pollen (花粉) found no significant increase in mutation (变异) rates with age, which is another factor associated with animal aging. 38 .
Older trees benefit greatly from having bodies made mostly of dead woody tissue. In fact, an old tree might be as much as 95 percent dead tissue! Given that it isn’t alive, wood does not require metabolic (新陈代谢的) activity to maintain it, 39 .
A．so an old tree doesn’t really need to do much to keep living
B．This is a question that has something to do with the good luck of trees
C．However, bristlecones are certainly not alone in terms of the oldest creatures
D．This is a fascinating question for biologists that does not yet have a settled answer
E．What’s more, some ancient trees have superior chemical defenses against pests and diseases
F．which means that trees can survive everywhere without being limited by external and internal conditions
G．we know that ancient trees age in ways that are dramatically different from the ways that most animals and
even other plants age
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，共32分）
第一节 阅读表达（共4小题，第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
The capacity for empathy — to first identify and then understand and share in someone else’s feelings — is largely held as a virtue. Yet, there is a knowledge problem that makes being naturally empathetic a struggle. Why As poet John Keats put it, “Nothing ever becomes real until it is experienced.”
So how can someone else’s perspective (视角) and emotions ever become real enough for us to develop empathy Reading fiction may provide an answer.
Studies show that when you read fiction, it not only activates the language processing center of the brain but also increases global flow in the brain. It speeds up the part involved in physical movement and areas of the brain linked to sensory experiences. In other words, reading fiction lights up the brain in ways that copy the neural (神经) activities of the experience you’re reading about. For example, if you read a well-written passage about a character hiking through the wilderness, your brain reacts as if you’re on that hike.
To really cultivate empathy, you need to be internally more aware of and connected to those around you. And again, reading fiction is associated with just such a skill. One study, which assesses one’s ability to determine someone else’s emotions based on their facial expression alone, showed that fiction readers scored higher than non-readers and readers of nonfiction. The researchers assumed that reading fiction allows people to practice taking on someone else’s perspective and thus improves their social awareness. This suggests that reading fiction improves one’s theory of mind and emotional intelligence.
The takeaway lesson is simple: If you want to build empathy, try reading more fiction, more often — especially fiction by and about people whose experiences are different from your own.
40．What does the author think can help develop empathy
41．How does reading fiction light up our mind
42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why
Non-readers and readers of nonfiction can better determine someone else’s emotions based on their facial expression alone.
43．In addition to the benefits mentioned above, what do you think are some other benefits of reading fiction (In about 40 words)
第二节: 书面表达（共一题，20分)
44．假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim计划暑假来中国旅游，正好你也打算暑假出京旅游，想邀请他同行。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1.邀请他同去的地方和理由；
2.旅游安排。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
参考答案：
1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．B 6．A 7．D 8．B 9．C 10．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Damian喜欢为社区的街头小贩提供免费理发，并与他们分享愉快的谈话，一次他发现Pacheco显得很孤独，发现他是因为上个月掉了两颗牙，变得不自信，于是他陪Pacheco去看牙医补好了牙齿，Pacheco又变得自信起来。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每个周末，带着一把椅子和一些工具，达米安就会在附近摆摊。A. provided提供；B. armedarm；C. satisfied满足；D. troubled麻烦。根据后文“with a chair and some tools”可知，此处指带着一把椅子和一些工具，短语be armed with表示“配备，带着”。故选B。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个年轻人喜欢为社区的街头小贩提供免费理发，并与他们分享愉快的谈话。A. treatments治疗；B. workplaces工作场所；C. haircuts理发；D. setups安装。根据后文“When Damian was cutting Pacheco’s hair”可知，他提供的是免费理发。故选C。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：达米安见到这位老朋友非常兴奋，他使他想起了过去许多美好的回忆。A. freed释放；B. reminded提醒；C. convinced说服；D. suspected怀疑。根据后文“him of so many sweet memories of the past”可知，此处是动词短语remind sb. of sth.，表示“使某人想起”。故选B。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他还是个孩子的时候，雪糕给他带来了很多快乐。A. joy快乐；B. courage鼓励；C. inspiration灵感；D. challenge挑战。根据后文“Now Damian can still remember those wonderful moments.(现在达米安还记得那些美好的时刻)”可知，当他还是个孩子的时候，雪糕给他带来了很多快乐。故选A。
5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当达米安给帕切科剪头发时，他注意到帕切科这次很孤独。A. active活跃的；B. lonely孤独的；C. curious好奇的；D. different不同的。根据后文“Pacheco had been living alone”可知，当达米安给帕切科剪头发时，他注意到帕切科这次很孤独。故选B。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们谈话时，帕切科隐藏了他的笑容。A. hid隐藏；B. spread传播；C. showed展示；D. observed观察。根据后文“In fact, he lost two teeth last month and was
unwilling to smile”可知，帕切科因为没了牙齿，隐藏了他的笑容，故选A。
7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：事实上，他上个月掉了两颗牙，由于害怕客户对他牙齿的一些评论，他不愿意笑得很开心。A. quietly安静地；B. shyly害羞地；C. warmly温暖地；D. broadly灿烂地。根据后文“for fear of some of the comments his clients have made about his teeth”可知，这里指灿烂微笑，应用副词broadly。故选D。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：帕切科一直独自生活，并没有打算去诊所，因为他以前从未去过那里。A. bar酒吧；B. clinic诊所；C. community社区；D. stand摊位。上文提到帕切科丢了牙齿，所以是去诊所。故选B。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那之后，他忙着陪帕切科去看牙医。A. ordering命令；B. inviting邀请；C. accompanying陪伴；D. limiting限制。根据后文“Pacheco to the dental appointments”可知，此处指他忙着陪帕切科去看牙医。故选C。
10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在，帕切科感到更加自信，毫不犹豫地向社区的人们展示他新的灿烂笑容。A. patient耐心的；B. generous慷慨的；C. independent独立的；D. confident自信的。根据后文“doesn’t hesitate to give his new shining smile to the people in the community.”可知，帕切科牙补好了，感到更加自信。故选D。
11．were damaged 12．to collect 13．more interesting
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了女儿的鞋被划伤，但经过鞋店的特殊处理后，看起来比以前更有趣了。
11．考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：不久前，我女儿的鞋子被刀弄坏了。分析句子可知，damage(损坏)是句中谓语动词，与主语shoes之间是被动关系，句中有时间状语Not long ago，应使用一般过去时态，又因主语shoes是复数名词，所以谓语动词也应使用复数形式。综上，谓语应用一般过去时的被动语态，复数形式。故填were damaged。
12．考查非谓语动词。句意：两天后，我下班过来取鞋。根据句意，“取鞋”是“过来”的目的，用不定式作目的状语。故填to collect。
13．考查形容词比较级。句意：它的样子比以往任何时候都更有趣。根据句意和空格后介词than可知，应使用形容词比较级more interesting作表语，表示“更有趣”。故填more interesting。
14．competition 15．have identified 16．prevents
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了非洲企鹅数量的下降的原因。
14．考查名词。句意：主要原因是全球变暖对海洋环境的干扰和商业捕鱼业的竞争造成了食物短缺。分析句子可知，提示词与名词disturbance是并列关系，作介词宾语，用名词competition，意为“竞争”。故填competition。
15．考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：根据一项研究，最近科学家们发现了一个可能的额外原因，这是一个全新的威胁，进一步阻止企鹅寻找食物：海湾中船舶的噪音污染。分析句子可知，identify(发现)是句中谓语动词，与主语scientists之间是主动关系，句中有时间状语recently，应使用现在完成时态，又因主语是复数名词，所以谓语动词也应使用复数形式。综上，谓语应用现在完成时主动语态，复数形式。故填have identified。
16．考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：根据一项研究，最近科学家们发现了一个可能的额外原因，这是一个全新的威胁，进一步阻止企鹅寻找食物：海湾中船舶的噪音污染。分析句子可知，prevent(阻止)是定语从句中谓语动词，与关系代词that(即先行词one)之间是主动关系，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时态，又因主语是单数代词，所以谓语动词也应使用单数形式。综上，谓语应用一般现在时主动语态，单数形式。故填prevents。
17．what 18．leading 19．which/that 20．from
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了哭泣的好处。
17．考查宾语从句。句意：不管什么原因导致眼泪流出来，身体上的反应通常都是一样的，面颊浮肿，眼睛紧绷，导致眼泪从脸上流下来。介词短语Regardless of后接宾语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，所以用连接代词what引导。故填what。
18．考查非谓语动词。句意：不管什么原因导致眼泪流出来，身体上的反应通常都是一样的，面颊浮肿，眼睛紧绷，导致眼泪从脸上流下来。“with +名词/代词（宾语）+非谓语动词（宾补）”with复合结构 ，该空非谓语动词作宾补，宾语puffy cheeks and tight eyes和lead to是主动关系，所以用现在分词形式。故填leading。
19．考查定语从句。句意：尽管哭泣是一种耻辱，但它可以是一种缓解紧张、清除消极和悲伤情绪的行为。句中先行词为act，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。
20．考查介词。句意：最终，哭泣是一种强大的工具，我们应该用它来摆脱消极情绪。free from免于；摆脱。故填from。
21．C 22．C 23．D
【导语】本文为一篇应用文，文章主要介绍了2024年四个最好的语言学习的软件。
21．细节理解题。根据文章Pimsleur部分“Unlike other apps, Pimsleur fits into your downtime and works in offline mode. (与其他软件不一样的是，Pimsleur适用于你停机的时候，并以离线模式工作。)”可知，Pimsleur适合在没有网络的环境下使用，故选C。
22．细节理解题。根据文章LingoDeer部分“Price: Free | Monthly subscription cost $11.99 (价格：免费|每月订购费用为11.99美元。)”可知，LingoDee的每月订购费用是11.99美元，那两个月就是11.99美元乘以2等于23.98美元，故选C。
23．细节理解题。根据Innovative 101部分“Platform: iOS | Android(平台：iOS /安卓)”，Pimsleur部分“Platform: iOS | Android(平台：iOS /安卓)”，Drops部分“Platform: iOS | Android(平台：iOS /安卓)”，LingoDeer部分“Platform: iOS | Android(平台：iOS /安卓)”可知，这四个软件都能在两个不同的平台上使用，故选D。
24．B 25．B 26．B 27．D
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。意大利最长寿老人特里波利·詹尼尼（Tripoli Giannini）日前在家中去世，享年111岁，他曾表示其长寿秘诀是“饮食清淡，无压力生活”。詹尼尼生于1912年，亲历了两次世界大战和十位教皇的任期，成功抵挡了多次疫情冲击。
24．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“He joins his wife, Tosca, my mother, who has waited for him for over 40 years.”（他加入了他的妻子，托斯卡，我的母亲，她已经等待他超过40年。）可推知，他的妻子在他大约60多岁的时候去世。故选B项。
25．细节理解题。细节理解题。根据文章第五段“During celebrations, he said the secrets to his longevity were light meals—always accompanied by wine—no stress, being a non-smoker and treating each day as a gift.”（在庆祝活动中，他说他长寿的秘诀是清淡的饮食——总是伴随着酒——无压力，不吸烟，把每一天都当作礼物。）可推知，清淡的饮食和无压力是他长寿的秘诀。故选B项。
26．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“During celebrations, he said the secrets to his longevity were light meals—always accompanied by wine—no stress, being a non-smoker and treating each day as a gift.”（在庆祝活动中，他说他长寿的秘诀是清淡的饮食——总是伴随着酒——无压力，不吸烟，把每一天都当作礼物。）可推知，他可能对生活持乐观态度。故选B项。
27．推理判断题。根据第一段“Italy’s oldest man Tripoli Giannini, who credited “light meals and
no stress” for his longevity, has died at the age of 111, on New Year’s Eve.”（ 意大利最长寿的老人特里波里 贾尼尼于新年前夜去世，享年111岁。他将自己的长寿归功于“清淡的饮食和无压力”。）可知，短文的目的是公布意大利最长寿老人的死讯。故选D项。
28．A 29．C 30．D 31．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍一项研究，表明电影中描绘的家族友好型小丑鱼并不总是那么友好，它们也会积极地攻击它们认为是威胁的其他小丑鱼。
28．词句猜测题。第三段划线词句后文“These fish fought 80 percent of their specific-targeted fish for up to three seconds. (这些鱼与80%的特定目标鱼搏斗长达3秒。)”说明这些鱼对特定目标鱼不友好，从而推知划线词句“They observed that the common clownfish were particularly hostile toward members of their own species that displayed three white bars.(他们观察到，普通的小丑鱼对自己物种中表现出三条白色条纹的成员尤其hostile。)”其中划线部分意思是“不友好，有敌意”。故选A项。
29．推理判断题。根据第三段中“In the first experiment, researchers introduced different species of anemonefish, distinguishable by the number of white bars on their bodies, into a tank in small cases. They observed that the common clownfish were particularly hostile toward members of their own species that displayed three white bars. (在第一个实验中，研究人员将不同种类的海葵鱼，通过它们身体上白色条纹的数量来区分，放进一个小箱子里。他们观察到，普通的小丑鱼对自己物种中表现出三条白色条纹的成员尤其hostile。)”等内容可知，这项研究是通过观察鱼的行为进行的。故选C项。
30．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“According to study co-author and ecologist Kina Hayashi, the findings ‘suggest that clownfish is capable of counting the number of bars to recognize the species of the invader’. (根据该研究的合著者、生态学家Kina Hayashi的说法，这些发现‘表明小丑鱼能够通过计算条纹的数量来识别入侵者的种类’。)”可知，这两个实验的结果发现小丑鱼通过条纹的数量来识别威胁。故选D项。
31．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段“The colorful anemonefish(海葵鱼), also known as clownfish, possesses a cheerful and carefree image among humans. However, their actual behavior might not always align with the family-friendly portrayal seen in a Pixar film. They can aggressively defend their territory against other anemonefish they perceive as threats. (五颜六色的海葵鱼，也被称为小丑鱼，在人类中有着欢快和无忧无虑的形象。然而，他们的实际行为
可能并不总是与皮克斯电影中对家族友好的描绘相符。它们可以积极地保护自己的领土，不受它们认为是威胁的其他海葵鱼的攻击。)”可知，本文主要讲述了电影中描绘的家族友好型小丑鱼并不总是那么友好，它们也会积极地攻击它们认为是威胁的其他小丑鱼。C“屏幕之外：小丑鱼的鉴定”符合主题，故选C项。
32．A 33．A 34．C
【导语】本文是说明文。随着我们接收到的信息量不断增加，随着信息传播从页面转移到屏幕，是时候问一下我们阅读方式的变化会如何影响我们的精神生活了。
32．推理判断题。根据第一段“Newspapers, advertisements, and labels surround us everywhere, turning our environment into a mass of texts to be read or ignored.（报纸、广告和标签无处不在，把我们的环境变成了一大堆可以阅读或忽略的文本。）”以及第二段“Awed by the availability of texts, the reader tends to move across surfaces without allowing the words to resonate(共鸣) inwardly. (由于对文本的可用性感到敬畏，读者倾向于在表面上移动，而不允许文字在内心产生共鸣。)”可知，今天的读者往往忽略了与文本的深度接触。故选A。
33．细节理解题。根据第四段“The villagers, who know everything about their surroundings, are blessedly unaware of events in distant lands.（村民们对周围的一切都了如指掌，幸运的是，他们对遥远的地方发生的事情一无所知。）”可知，村民们 对周围环境有更深入的了解。故选A。
34．推理判断题。根据最后一段“How do we assign value Where do we find the fixed context that allows us to create a narrative of sense about our lives Ideally, I suppose, one would have the best of both worlds—the purposeful fixity of the local, as well as the availability of enhancing views: a natural ecology of information and context.（我们如何赋值 我们在哪里找到一个固定的环境，让我们能够创造一种关于我们生活的感觉 我想，最理想的情况是，一个人将拥有两全其美的一面——有目的的固定的地方，以及增强视野的可用性：信息和环境的自然生态。）”可知，在本地视角和全球视角之间保持平衡是明智的。故选C。
35．C 36．B 37．G 38．D 39．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了古树寿命长的原因。
35．由上文“The record holders are bristlecone pines (狐尾松) of the western United States, quite a few of which are known to be more than 3,000 years old. One individual, discovered in 2012, is
estimated to be more than 5,060 years old, making it the oldest known non-clonal tree in the world! (在我们这个非凡的星球上，一些最古老的生物是树木。纪录保持者是美国西部的狐尾松，其中相当一部分的树龄已经超过3000年。2012年发现的一棵树估计有5060多岁，是世界上已知最古老的非克隆树！)”和后文“but also about being a good listener (许多其他树种的个体也已经存在了数千年)”可知，本句要表不是只有狐尾松古老，故C选项“However, bristlecones are certainly not alone in terms of the oldest creatures (然而，就最古老的生物而言，狐尾松肯定不是唯一的)”能承上启下，符合题意。故选C。
36．由下文“Undoubtedly, part of the answer lies in luck. Ancient trees have obviously not submitted to deadly diseases, pests, fires, droughts, windstorms, landslides, or the human axe in the centuries and centuries that they have quietly endured. (毫无疑问，部分原因在于运气。古树显然没有屈服于致命的疾病，害虫，火灾，干旱，风暴，山体滑坡，或人类的斧头在他们默默地忍受了一个又一个世纪。)”可知，本空要说跟“运气”有关的话题，故B选项“This is a question that has something to do with the good luck of trees (这个问题与树木的好运有关)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选B。
37．由上文“The other part of the answer has to do with how trees age. (答案的另一部分与树木如何老化有关。)”可知，本空要说跟“如何老化”有关的话题，和上文“We may never know the answer to that, but, at the very least(我们可能永远不会知道答案，但至少)”可知，前文说不知道的事情，本空说至少知道的一件事，且与“如何老化”有关，故G选项“we know that ancient trees age in ways that are dramatically different from the ways that most animals and even other plants age (我们知道，古树的衰老方式与大多数动物甚至其他植物的衰老方式截然不同)”能承上启下，符合题意。故选G。
38．由上文“In addition, a study of bristlecone pine pollen (花粉) found no significant increase in mutation (变异) rates with age, which is another factor associated with animal aging. (此外，一项对狐尾松花粉的研究发现，突变率没有随着年龄的增长而显著增加，这是与动物衰老有关的另一个因素。)”可知，这种现象是有趣的，故D选项“This is a fascinating question for biologists that does not yet have a settled answer (对于生物学家来说，这是一个有趣的问题，但还没有一个确定的答案)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选D。
39．由上文“Older trees benefit greatly from having bodies made mostly of dead woody tissue. In fact, an old tree might be as much as 95 percent dead tissue! Given that it isn’t alive, wood does not require metabolic (新陈代谢的) activity to maintain it, (老树的身体主要由死亡的木质组织
构成，这对它们大有好处。事实上，一棵老树的坏死组织可能高达95% ！鉴于它不是活的，木材不需要代谢活动来维持它。)”可知，老树不需要新陈代谢，故A选项“so an old tree doesn’t really need to do much to keep living (所以一棵老树其实不需要做什么来维持生命)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选A。
40．Reading fiction. 41．By copying the neural (神经) activities of the experience we’re reading about. 42．Non-readers and readers of nonfiction can better determine someone else’s emotions based on their facial expression alone.
·Fiction readers can better determine someone else’s emotions based on their facial expression alone. 43．言之有理即可，如Reading fiction helps us develop our brains. The human brain can work well when we just do regular things, like driving or walking. However, it performs more effectively when an element of surprise is added, because this helps build connections in the brain.
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述阅读小说有助于培养同理心。
40．考查细节理解。根据第二段中“So how can someone else's perspective (视角) and emotions ever become real enough for us to develop empathy Reading fiction may provide an answer.(那么，别人的观点和情绪如何才能变得真实到足以让我们产生同理心呢？阅读小说可能会提供一个答案)”可知， 作者认为阅读小说有助于培养同理心。故答案为Reading fiction.
41．考查细节理解。根据第三段中“In other words, reading fiction lights up the brain in ways that copy the neural (神经) activities of the experience you're reading about.(换句话说，阅读小说会激活大脑，其方式是复制你所阅读的经历的神经活动)”可知，阅读小说通过复制你所阅读的经历的神经活动来激活大脑。故答案为By copying the neural (神经) activities of the experience we’re reading about.
42．考查细节理解。根据第四段中“One study, which assesses one’s ability to determine someone else’s emotions based on their facial expression alone, showed that fiction readers scored higher than non-readers and readers of nonfiction.(一项研究评估了一个人仅根据面部表情判断他人情绪的能力，结果显示，读小说的人得分高于不读小说的人和读非小说的人)”可知，比起不读小说的人和读非小说的人，读小说的人凭面部表情能更好地判断他人的情绪，故本句应在“Non-readers and readers of nonfiction”下划线，因为Fiction readers can better determine someone else’s emotions based on their facial expression alone(读小说的人仅凭面部表情能更好地判断别人的情绪)。故答案为Non-readers and readers of nonfiction can better determine
someone else’s emotions based on their facial expression alone.·Fiction readers can better determine someone else’s emotions based on their facial expression alone.
43．考查开放题型。本题是开放题型，要求写出阅读小说还有哪些好处，言之有理即可，注意字数。如Reading fiction helps us develop our brains. The human brain can work well when we just do regular things, like driving or walking. However, it performs more effectively when an element of surprise is added, because this helps build connections in the brain.
44．Dear Jim,
I'm more than glad to know that you're traveling in China this summer vacation. I'm also planning a journey to Xi'an during that time, so why not join me
Xi'an, as the capital city of Tang Dynasty which is famous for its richness in ancient China, is the destination of millions of people every year. What I plan to do is to stay there for a week to visit Shanxi History Museum, climb up the Big Wild Goose Pagoda, cycle on top of the ancient City Wall, appreciate Terracotta Warriors as well as taste the well-known traditional foods. I believe the trip will leave you a deep impression.
Hope we can enjoy the trip together and look forward to your reply.
Yours,
Lihua
【导语】本篇书面表达是一篇邀请信。假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim计划暑假来中国旅游，正好你也打算暑假出京旅游，想邀请他同行。
【详解】1.词汇积累
知道：know→ be informed
计划：plan → map out
著名的：famous→ outstanding
认为：believe→ assume
2.句式拓展
同义句
原句：I'm more than glad to know that you're traveling in China this summer vacation. I'm also planning a journey to Xi'an during that time, so why not join me
拓展句：Knowing that you're traveling in China this summer vacation, I'm planning a journey to Xi'an during that time, so why not join me
【点睛】【高分句型1】Xi'an, as the capital city of Tang Dynasty which is famous for its richness in ancient China, is the destination of millions of people every year.（ which引导的定语从句）
【高分句型2】What I plan to do is to stay there for a week to visit Shanxi History Museum, climb up the Big Wild Goose Pagoda, cycle on top of the ancient City Wall, appreciate Terracotta Warriors as well as taste the well-known traditional foods.（主语从句）
同课章节目录