XB3U4词汇学案
词汇变形
1. bitter adj. 严寒的，激烈而不愉快的；味苦的→ __________ adv. 痛苦地;愤恨地;极其
2. endurance n. 忍耐力；耐久力→__________ vt. 忍耐
3. qualified adj. 符合资格；具备…的知识→__________vt.使具有资格；证明…合格 vi.取得资格；有资格→ ____________ n. 资格；资历；学历 satisfy→satisfied
4. enthusiastic adj. 热情的，热心的→_____________ adv. 热心地；狂热地→____________n. [U]热情;热爱的事物 with enthusiasm 热情地
5. assign vt.分派; 布置；分配→___________ n.分配的工作、任务
6. envy vt. 羡慕，妒忌 → __________adj. 羡慕的; 嫉妒的
7. belongings n. 财物；财产→ __________ v. 属于
8. selfish adj. 自私的→ __________ adj.无私的
9. persevere vi. 坚持；孜孜以求→ _____________ n .毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神
10. resolve vt.&vi.决定；决心；解决→ ___________n. 决心；坚定的信念
11. cruel adj. 残忍的；残酷的→ _________ n. 残酷
12. thorough adj．深入的；彻底的；细致的→ ____________ adv．深入地；彻底地
13. fortune n. 机会;运气;财富→ __________adj. 幸运的→ __________adv. 幸运地→ ______________adv. 不幸地
14. guidance n. 指导；引导；导航→ __________ vt. 指导；引导
15. advertising n. 广告活动；广告业→ __________ v. 宣传；做广告
16. loyal adj. 忠诚的；忠实的→ _____________ n.忠诚；忠实
mitment n. 承诺；保证；奉献 → ___________vt. 承诺；保证→ ___________adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的
18.miserable痛苦的 adj---_______ n.痛苦---adv. _______可悲地
19.decent得体的adj---_______正派地adv---_______体面n---___________不得体adj
20.recreation n. 娱乐，消遣(不可数)；娱乐活动(可数)——_______adj.娱乐的；消遣的
21. fortunate adj. 幸运的----____________adj. 不幸的---_______________adv. 不幸地
搭配
1. dream of 梦想
2. turn sb. down 拒绝某人
4. be enthusiastic about 对...热情
5. be stuck in 被...卡住
6. cheer sb up 使某人振做起来,使某人感到高兴
7. well and truly 彻底地，完全地
8. get crushed 被压
9. to our surprise 令我们吃惊的是
10. go from bad to worse 越来越糟
11. a rush of 一阵
12. after all 毕竟
重点句型
1.Below are some of Blackborow's diary entries.
全部倒装
(1)表语倒装：分词/副词/形容词/介词短语＋be＋主语
(2)表示处所、方位等的副词或介词，如 here, there, now, then, up, down, in, out, off 等放在句首，而主语是名词，且谓语动词是 be, lie, sit, stand, come, go, exist, live, rush等不及物动词时，句子可以用完全倒装结构。
Out rushed a cat from under the bed.
从床底下跑出一只猫。
(3)there be句型也属于完全倒装结构。该句型中的be可以替换为live, exist, lie, stand, seem, rise, remain, happen, come, go等动词。句型结构为“there＋特定动词＋主语”。
There stands a temple on the top of the mountain.
【翻译】
①__________________ the mother, along with her two sons.
躺在沙滩上的是一个母亲和她两个儿子。
②_____________________Mr.Green and many other guests.
窗边坐着格林先生先生和许多其他客人。
2. It so happened that one morning I bought a newspaper.
①It happened/happens that……. …碰巧；恰好 (happen 前有时可用 so, just 等修饰)
It happened/happens to do… 碰巧做某事……
②as it happens 和 it happens that…都可以表示“碰巧”，它们在意思上没什么区别，在用法上，as it happens 可用于句首或句末。如：
As it happens, I have my notebook with me. 碰巧我带着笔记本。
I saw him in the street yesterday, as it happens. 我昨天碰巧在街上见到了他。
【翻译】
(1).碰巧我有一位朋友在这所学校学习。
_______________________ studying in this school.
(2).我碰巧遇到过相同的问题，因此，我可以给你提些建议。
_______________________, and therefore, I can give you some advice.
3.There was nothing like a good dinner and some music to cheer us up.
没有什么比得上一顿好饭和一点儿音乐能让我们振作起来了。
There was nothing like sth. 没有什么比得上……
4.If it weren’t for sea animals, we would all starve. 要不是有海洋生物，我们都得挨饿。(P44)
结构是：if it were not for +名词 / 句子 / 名词性短语，主语 + would / should 等 + do ...
(if it were not for 可以换用为but for或without。)
if引导的虚拟条件句:
If 从句 主句动词形式
与现在事实相反 ①一般过去式(did)；be用were would/could/should/might (not) do
与过去事实相反 过去完成时（had done） would/could/should/might (not) have done
与将来事实相反 ①一般过去式(did)；be用were ②were to do ③should do would/could/should/might (not) do
【语法填空】
(1) If it ____ (be) to be sunny tomorrow, we would go out for a picnic.
(2) If he had told me the weather, I ______________ (made) such mistakes.
【翻译】(感谢信)如果当时你不及时帮助，我不可能在英语上取得如此大的进步。
____________________________, I would not have made such great progress in English.
5. When we were finally rescued，we felt such relief and joy that many of us could not hide our tears. 当我们终于获救时，我们感到如释重负，喜极而泣。
翻译为：如此……以致于……
(1)such + a/an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词 + that从句
such + 形容词 + 复数可数名词/不可数名词 + that从句
He made such rapid progress that his teacher praised him.
注意：当形容词是“few”、“little”、“many”、“much”时，应该把“such”改为“so”。例如：“He has so many books that I can't count them all.”（他有如此多的书，以致我数不过来。
(2)“so...that...”句型结构为:
so+ adj.(adv.)+that...
so+adj.+a(an)+单数n. +that...
so +many(few)+复数n.+that...
so +much(little)+不可数n. +that...
【翻译】
(1) 他说得太快，我们都未能听懂他的话。
He spoke ______________we couldn't understand him.
(2) 天气很热，谁都不想干活。It was_______________ nobody wanted to doanything.
重点单词
adversity n. 困境，逆境
(1) adj. adverse不利的 adv. adversely相反地
(2)同义词：trouble、misfortune、hardships、difficulty
(3)搭配：in adversity 在困境/逆境中 =in a dilemma 处于窘境/困境中
wage n.工资
同义词：
salary通常指按月发放的薪水、薪金 pay指做完具体工作给的报酬。
wage通常指按周领取的工资、工钱 income 指收入、收益、所得
Wages are paid on Fridays.
He doesn’t like the job, but the pay is good.
The government has decided to increase salaries for all civil servants
bitter
(1)adj.
① 严寒的 bitter cold (n.) 严寒 a bitter wind刺骨寒风
② 痛苦的
bitter tears/a bitter experience辛酸的眼泪/痛苦的经历
③有苦味的 Good medicine is bitter in the mouth. 良药苦口
补充： sour adj.酸的 sweet adj.甜的 spicy adj.辣的 salty 咸的
(2) adv.bitterly（extremely）痛苦地；愤恨地；极其，非常
bitterly cold 严寒 She wept bitterly at the news. 她听到这个消息后泣不成声.
(3)n. bitterness苦难
endurance
(1) n.忍耐力；耐久力
beyond endurance 无法忍受
(2) vt. endure忍耐；忍受; 持续
I cannot endure [=(more commonly) stand] the sound of her voice.我无法忍受她的声音。
This tradition has endured [=lasted] for centuries.这个传统已经延续了数百年。
(3)adj. endurable 可忍耐的,能忍受的；能持久的
(4)adj. enduring持久的，持续的=lasting
enduringly adv.耐久地；永久地
vigour n. 精力；力量；活力
vigorous adj.充满活力的；精力充沛的；强壮的；
强健的同义词：energetic，dynamic ,robust，red-blooded
turn down
(1)turn sb. down/ turn down sb.拒绝（某人）
同义词;refuse; decline, reject
(2)turn down 调低（音量等）反 turn up
Could you please turn down your TV a bit
归纳拓展turn构成的其他搭配：
turn out结果是，证明是
turn to求助于；翻到 turn around转身
turn on接通；打开 turn off关掉
turn over翻身；移交 turn in上交；退还
qualify
(1)vt．＆vi．（使）具有资格；（使）合格 反：disqualify 取消资格
qualify（sb.）as（使····.·）取得····资格
qualify sb. for sth. / to do sth.使某人能胜任·····／有资格
(2) qualified adj. 具备......的资历／学历；具备的知识／技能
反：unqualified 不具备资格的
be qualified for .../ to do... 具备（做）······的资格
(3)qualification n. (通过考试或学习取得的)资格；学历
acquire/gain/get/obtain/hold qualification 获得/取得/得到/拿到/持有资格
have qualifications for sth. / to do sth. 有（做）某事的资格
There is no doubt that he has qualifications to do the work.
完成句子：
1.Nowadays, knowing a foreign language and being familiar with a foreign culture can actually be an important __________ (qualify) of a job.
2.At the end of the three years, my daughter hopes to qualify _____ a doctor.
enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热心的
(1)介词搭配：
be/become enthusiastic about (doing) sth. 对做某事热情
同义表达整理：be fond of/ be keen on sth/ be passionate about sth/ be interested in/ be devoted to/be addicted to…..
(2)n. enthusiasm热情，热忱
with enthusiasm 热情地 be full of enthusiasm 充满热情
(3)n. enthusiast热衷者，爱好者
(4) adv.enthusiastically热情地
完成句子：
1.He is very enthusiastic ___ _____ academic research.
2.They listened with great interest, and then _____________(enthusiastic) joined in grand conversation about Harry’s adventure.
aboard
(1)adv. & prep. 上（船、飞机、公共汽车等）
adv. go aboard (the plane/ship/bus/train)= board the ship
登机/上船/上公共汽车/上火车
prep. (be) aboard the plane/ship/bus/train：
在飞机上/船上/公共汽车上/火车上
(2) vt/vi board 上船(车、飞机、公共汽车等)
board the ship
(3) n. 木板 on board 在船（车、飞机、公共汽车）上
【拓展】
abroad adv.在国外；到国外
go abroad出国 at home and abroad国内外
broad adj. 宽的
选词填空 (aboard/ abroad/ board/ broad)
1. That afternoon the train, they saw beautiful scenery.
2. That afternoon they the train and saw beautiful scenery.
3.She gives frequent performances of her work, both at home and _____. .
4. She gave a performance on a stage.
assign
(1) vt. 分派；布置；分配
①assign sth. to sb.=assign sb. sth.给某人分派某任务
②assign sb. as sth.指派某人担任某职务
③assign sb. to do sth. 指定/安排某人做某事
The teacher assigned each of the children a different task. 老师给每个孩子布置了不同的任务。
(2)assignment n. 任务；作业
She stayed up late to complete / finish a class assignment.
on assignment 受委派
a tough assignment一项艰巨的任务
(3)assigned指定的
单句语法填空
1. When I taught, I would assign a topic _____ ___ children which they would write about.
2. Our first ____ ________ (assign) was to read two short stories and then discuss which one was better.
envy
(1)n. 羡慕；妒忌
① out of envy 出于嫉妒 with envy羡慕地；嫉妒地
②be/become the envy of... 成为令...羡慕/妒忌的对象
Her many talents were the envy of all her friends.
③be green with envy 十分嫉妒、眼红
Mike is heading off to Spain for the week, and I'm green with envy.
(2) vt. 羡慕；妒忌
①envy sb. (doing) sth.羡慕某人(做)某事
He envied his opponent winning the first prize.
②envy sb. for sth.因某事而羡慕某人
(3)adj.envious嫉妒的 enviously adv.美慕地
be envious of=be jealous of sb./sth. 忌妒/ 羡慕某人/某事
同义词：jealousy、green-eyed monster
单句语法填空：
①Her friends looked envy at her latest purchase.
②Mark sent Anna a bunch of red roses, and she (envy) by her colleagues.
③Treat the flowers right and your garden will be envy of the neighbourhood.
④All of us are (envy) of Jane, because she is always the first to recite the text.
crush
(1) vt.压坏，捣碎，毁坏
同义词：crunch、pile
Crush the nuts and sprinkle them on top of the cake.把坚果磨碎后撒在蛋糕上。
(2) n.①拥挤的人群；
I couldn't find a way through the crush.人太挤，我挤不过去。
②热恋，迷恋
have a crush on sb.迷恋某人
sink (sank or sunk——sunk)
(1) vi./vt
①(使)下沉；使沉没 反 float
The ship sank to the bottom of the sea.船沉入海底
②vi（高度）下降；倒下；坐下
The sun was starting to sink. 太阳开始下山。
sink/collapse into one's seat瘫坐在位置上
③(使)消沉，(使)陷入
be sunk in…..陷入….
I was worried, sunk in thought.我担心，陷入了沉思。
She sank into a deep depression.她陷入了深深的沮丧。
(2) adj. sinking (情绪突然)颓丧的，抑郁的，沮丧的
a heavy/sinking/broken heart沉重/垂头丧气/破碎的心情
With a heavy/sinking/broken heart, she watched him. 她怀着沉重/垂头丧气/破碎的心情看着他离开。
(3)n. sink水槽，水池
单句语法填空
1. The Titanic was a passenger ship which (sink) to the bottom of the ocean in 1912.
2. She sank back ______ ______ her seat, tired.
3. She just sat there, sunk _______ ______ thought.
根据所给提示，用适当的词块完成下列句子。
1. __________________（她心里一沉）as she read the results.
2. Susan’s husband watched her ______________________（陷入绝望）and he was determined to use every possible means to help his wife.
abandon
(1)①vt. 舍弃；抛弃；放弃
同义词：desert、give up、quit、discard
abandon doing sth 放弃做某事 be abandoned by…被……所抛弃
②vt陷入，沉湎于（某种情感）
abandon oneself to (doing) sth 沉溺于(做)某事 be abandoned to… 沉溺于(做)某事
(2) adj. abandoned废弃的；被遗弃的
an abandoned house废弃的房子
(3) n. abandon 放纵；纵情
with abondon 放纵地
The fans cheered with abondon when their favorite football team won.
单句语法填空
(1) to online games, he has difficulty in focusing on his studies.
(2) himself to online games, he has difficulty in focusing on his studies.
(3)Even in his darkest moments, Beethoven never abandoned __ _____ (compose) music.
(4)Mr Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children. He owned a farm, which looked almost ___________ (abandon).
(5)Playing computer games is harmful to your health. Don’t abandon yourself ______ this kind of pleasure.
(6)Bad customs and laws ought to _________ (abandon), since they are inappropriate for the development of the society.
blanket
(1) n.①毯子
rubber blanket乳胶垫
wet blanket湿垫子；扫兴的人；扫兴的事
②大量的覆盖物
a blanket of snow/fog/ice厚厚的一层雪/雾/冰
a blanket of flowers/grass一大片花/草
(2)vt. 覆盖，笼罩
be blanketed/capped/covered with被覆盖
The thick fog blanketed the field. 浓雾笼罩着整个大地。
belongings n. [pl.]财物；动产
(1)personal belongings个人财产
同类表达：surroundings环境 savings积蓄；earnings积蓄；leavings剩饭
(2) n. belonging 归属
a sense of belonging归属感
(3) vi. belong属于 belong to 属于 (非谓语只有ing形式)
单句语法填空
(1)China is a country ______ (belong) to the third world.
genuine adj.真正的
词性变化：adv.genuinely的确——n. genuineness真诚
同义词：authentic、true、sincere、real
perseverance
(1) n. 毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神
show great perseverance in the face of difficulty
面对困难时表现出强大的毅力
(2) vi.persevere 坚持；孜孜以求
persevere in doing sth.坚持做某事 persevere with sb./sth.坚持...
She persevered with her violin lessons.她孜孜不倦地学习小提琴。
(3)adj.persevering 坚韧不拔的；不屈不挠的
resolve
(1)vi. & vt. 决定；决心；解决（问题或困难） n. 决定；决心
solve/resolve/settle/deal with/ cope with/fix/approach/address/handle/tackle a problem 解决问题
resolve to do sth. 决定做某事 resolve on doing sth. 决定做某事
Both sides met in order to try to resolve their differences. 双方会晤以努力解决分歧。
(2)n. resolution
① （冲突、问题等的）解决 (solution/answer)
②决定；决心
make a resolution to do sth. 决定做某事
A new year resolution 新年决心
③决议
pass / adopt / approve a resolution
单句语法填空
(1)They made a firm resolve _______ (set) up a company of their own to realize their dream.
(2)Mike resolved __________ (run) for the mayor of their city.
(3)He has already resolved on ___________ (ask) Mary for marriage.
(4)They haven’t found a proper ___________ (resolve) to that problem.
cruel
(1)adj. 残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的
be cruel to sb.对某人残忍的
a cruel punishement残酷的惩罚 a cruel joke挖苦人的笑话
(2) cruelly adv. 残酷地；非常地
(3)cruelty n.残忍，残酷，不公
cruelty to animals对动物的虐待
thorough adj. 深入的；彻底的；细致的
thoroughly adv. 彻底地；完全地
【易混辨析】
(1)though adv. 虽然；可是 conj. 虽然；尽管
(2)through prep. 穿过；通过 adv. 从头到尾；直达地；彻底，
(3)thought n. 思想，也是think的过去式及过去分词形式
furniture
(1)n.家具 （不可数）
a piece of furniture/article of furniture
(2)vt.furnish
①为配备家具/布置房间 be furnished with... 配备着...
The house is well furnished. 这间房屋布置很好。
②提供 furnish sb./sth. with...向某人/某物提供...
(3)furnished有家具的
a fully furnished room配备齐全的房间
fortunate adj. 幸运的
(1)fortunate adj. 幸运的 反： unfortunate
be fortunate in doing sth. 因做某事感到幸运
be fortunate to do sth. 有幸能做某事
It’s fortunate that... 幸运的是……
(2)fortune n. 运气；财富
try one’s fortune 碰运气 make a fortune 发大财
He went to Australia and soon made a fortune.
(3) adv. fortunately幸运地 unfortunately adj. 不幸地；遗憾地
单句语法填空
1. ________（fortunate），after six years’hard work, he founded his own company.
2._____________（unfortunate），his father died， leaving the whole family even poorer.
3.I was fortunate __________（enjoy） such attractive scenery in your hometown.
4.Central London is fortunate ______ having so many large parks and open spaces.
guidance
(1) n.指导，引导
under one’s guidance=under the guidance of在...的指导下
seek guidance from sb. 向某人寻求指导
(2)guide vt.指导，影响
guide sb. to……. 引导某人到……
(3)n. guide n指南；指导；导游
rough
(1)adj. ①崎岖不平的道路 ②艰难的时光 ③不平静的；风浪很大的④简单的；粗略的⑤不舒服的；不适的
(2)roughly adv.粗暴地；大约
填写词义：
1. Because the areas used for playing fields are often rough and rocky, millions of real balls go flat within 24 hours. _______
2. The Atlantic Ocean has personalities: sometimes peaceful and pleasant, on rare occasions rough and wild; always it is strong and striking. ________
3. The first year was rough, but things have gotten better. _______________
4. We were only able to make a rough estimate of how much fuel would be required. __________
make fire 生火
be on fire在燃烧 under fire受到攻击
catch fire着火 light a fire点火
put out a fire灭火 play with fire玩火；冒险
be on fire for因……而激动；充满激情 be full of fire充满激情
set fire to sth. ＝set sth. on fire放火烧某物
give off 放出(热、光、气味或气体)
give up放弃 give in屈服
give out分发，发放 give away赠送
give way to让步 give birth to生育
commit v. (committed-committed-committing)
(1)vt.
①犯（错误、罪行等）
commit murder/ a crime/ a mistake
Smoking is committing suicide slowly.
②vt.投入
commit ... to (doing) sth. . 把(时间/钱)……投入……
be committed to (doing) sth 致力于, 投身于
e.g. He commits an hour to reading the newspaper every morning.
e.g. He committed himself to/was committed to the cause of education. 他投身于教育事业。
其他常用的“献身于；致力于；专心致志于”的表达：
·be devoted/ dedicated/applied to (doing) sth
·be absorbed/ buried/ engaged/involved in (doing) sth
③vt.承诺，保证做某事
commit ... to (doing) sth.= be committed to (doing) sth 承诺；保证(做某事)
e.g. Both sides committed themselves to settling the conflicts peacefully. 双方都承诺和平解决矛盾。
(2)n. commitment n. 奉献；投入；承诺
make a commitment (to do/doing)作出承诺
(3) adj. committed尽心尽力的；坚定的
单句语法填空
1.He has committed himself________ (support) them.
2.The boy __________ (commit) to the care of his aunt yesterday.
3.What really matters about a leader is their _______________(commit) to getting to the right answer and to doing it in the right way.
motive
(1)n.动机；目的；原因
a motive for (doing) sth. 做某事的动机 a motive to do sth. 做某事的动机
(2) vt. motivate激发；促使；激励 encourage=stimulate=facilitate=advance=promote=inspire
n. motivation积极性 adj.motivated积极的；主动的 =inspired=encouraged
单句语法填空：
1. How do you ___ _______ (motive) people to work hard and efficiently
2. In a case of murder, the police questioned everyone who might have ____ ______ motive.
XB3U4 词汇练习
一、小情景续写
得知儿子汤姆沉溺于电脑游戏，妈妈的心一沉，接着伤心地哭了起来。接着她勃然大怒，厉声质问汤姆，“你一直都是一个如此好脾气、真诚、热情、忠诚的孩子，其他人都羡慕你。”汤姆痛苦地抽泣道:“我不知道如何解决上次考试完全失败的问题。”听到这里，妈妈冲向汤姆，把他揽入怀中，拍着他的后背，细语道:“只要你致力于学习你会取得更大进步的。”
Learning that her son, Tom, _____________computer games, the mother’s heat _________ and then she wept ___________. she explodcd，“You are always such _____________________________________boy that others ______ you. Tom sobbed miserably，“I don't know how to _______the complete failure in the last exam.” Hearing this, the mother hurried to Tom, gathered him into her arms and patted himon the back, murmuring, “As long as _______________,you can make much more progress.
二、单词拼写
1．It is reported that everyone (在船上) was injured in the accident.
2．Honestly speaking, I do (羡慕) you getting the title of the Excellent Graduate and I should follow your example.
3．The ship would have (下沉) with all on board but for the captain.
4．If you put on (潮湿的) clothes in such weather, you will probably catch cold.
5．Men must consider eating, drinking, clothing and finding shelter before they can pursue entertainment and (消遣)．
6．Engineers carried out a (彻底的)inspection of the track to ensure the safety of the trains.
7．Though the house was shabby, it was neatly decorated with beautifully designed (家具)．
8．Friends are not books, yet books are friends. Friends may betray you, while books are always (忠诚的)．
9．To be honest, I find it difficult to be (热情的) about mathematics while my brother does.
10．This exercise is beneficial to your health and will improve strength and (忍耐力)．
三、单句语法填空(每空1.5分，共30分）
1.Please take away all your____________(belong) when you leave the room.
2.At last, the lawyer's advice led to the ____________(resolve) of this difficult problem.
3.As you can see, the children were really encouraged, and they were also____________ (enthusiasm) about reading all of these books.
4.I couldn't help crying when I arrived at the wedding site. I was _____(envy)of their happiness.
5.As we all know, no one can casually succeed, and victory requires courage, diligence and ____________(persevere).
6.____________(unfortunate), due to unforeseen circumstances, this yearly show has been cancelled.
7.They have spent enormous amounts of money____________(advertise) their products.
8.The____________(guide) system didn't work and he had to get it repaired by professionals.
9.What's wrong The dog____________(bark) nonstop for an hour.
10.After a few days, you'll establish a pattern of going to bed at ____________(rough) the same time and falling asleep right away.
11.Different colors have special meanings in Peking Opera facial makeup. Red is the color of ____________(loyal), integrity, and courage.
12.Sometimes the non-vegan(非严格素食主义者) might feel uncomfortable, afraid that their vegan friend will think they are ____________(cruelty) for eating animals or animal products.
13.To our surprise, she has passed all her exams and is serving as a ____________(qualify) accountant now.
14.Have you noticed that they have placed an____________(advertise) in the local paper for a secretary
15.Our teacher intended us to be a person with a real sense of____________(commit) to the job in the future.
16. This event tests both physical and mental __________ (endure).
17.It was drizzling, and ___________________(miserable) cold.
18.The child was found _________ (abandon), but unharmed fortuantely.
19. I hate to interrupt your intimate conversation but we do have an ________ (assign) to discuss.
20.Underneath, Sophie was deeply ______________(commit) to her husban
XB3U4 语法练习
1.语法填空。用所给词的适当形式填空
1．The dollar (climb) steadily all week.
2．People (pour) into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece.
3．The Chinese government (do) research into vaccine (疫苗) against African Swine Fever for months, recently many have received the first doses.
4．Jim (phone) Jenny every night for the past week.
5．The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities (rise) since 1997.
6．The number of people, who have access to their own cars, (rise) sharply in the past decade.
7．He (listen) to English programs since he came to the US, so he (make) great progress.
2.多种时态混合，用所给词的适当形式填空。
8.It seems that climate all over the world (change) greatly in recent years.
9.Neither the players nor the coach (experience) that kind of sports so far.
10. It was the second time that I (read) the novel, and each time, I discovered new layers of meaning in the author’s words.
11．The soldiers (rescue) injured hikers when a sudden storm hit the mountain.
12．He (apply) for a credit card next Tuesday.
13．He is (suffer) from tension and doesn’t know how to deal with it.
14．I (find) myself more in moments of quietness, taking time for contemplation of the world around me.
15．One of the things I (struggle) with recently is becoming an early riser.
16．The company (promise) a rise in salary for ages, but nothing has happened yet.
17．The number of smokers, as is reported, (drop) by 17 percent in just one year.
18．A prisoner (escape) from a jail in northern Texas recently.
19．Known as the “Ice City”, Harbin (draw) more than 3,000,000 tourists from various areas since the beginning of this winter.
20．When I reached the station, the train bound for Beijing (leave).XB3U4词汇学案
词汇变形
1. bitter adj. 严寒的，激烈而不愉快的；味苦的→ bitterly adv. 痛苦地;愤恨地;极其
2. endurance n. 忍耐力；耐久力→ endure vt. 忍耐
3. qualified adj. 符合资格；具备…的知识→ qualify vt.使具有资格；证明…合格 vi.取得资格；有资格→ qualification n. 资格；资历；学历
4. enthusiastic adj. 热情的，热心的→ enthusiastically adv. 热心地；狂热地→ enthusiasm n. [U]热情;热爱的事物
5. assign vt.分派; 布置；分配→ assignment n.分配的工作、任务
6. envy vt. 羡慕，妒忌 → envious adj. 羡慕的; 嫉妒的
7. belongings n. 财物；财产→ belong v. 属于
8. selfish adj. 自私的→ selfless adj.无私的
9. persevere vi. 坚持；孜孜以求→ perseverance n .毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神
10. resolve vt.&vi.决定；决心；解决→ resolution n. 决心；解决
11. cruel adj. 残忍的；残酷的→ cruelty n. 残酷
12. thorough adj．深入的；彻底的；细致的→ thoroughly adv．深入地；彻底地
13. fortune n. 机会;运气;财富→ fortunate adj. 幸运的→ fortunately adv. 幸运地→ unfortunately adv. 不幸地
14. guidance n. 指导；引导；导航→ guide vt. 指导；引导
15. advertising n. 广告活动；广告业→ advertise v. 宣传；做广告
16. loyal adj. 忠诚的；忠实的→ loyalty n.忠诚；忠实
mitment n. 承诺；保证；奉献 → commit vt. 承诺；保证→ committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的
18.miserable痛苦的 adj---misery n.痛苦---adv. miserably可悲地
19.decent得体的adj---decently正派地adv---decency体面n---indecent不得体adj
20.recreation n. 娱乐，消遣(不可数)；娱乐活动(可数)—— recreational adj.娱乐的；消遣的
搭配
1. dream of 梦想
2. turn sb. down 拒绝某人
4. be enthusiastic about 对...热情
5. be stuck in 被...卡住
6. cheer sb up 使某人振做起来,使某人感到高兴
7. well and truly 彻底地，完全地
8. get crushed 被压
9. to our surprise 令我们吃惊的是
10. go from bad to worse 越来越糟
11. a rush of 一阵
12. after all 毕竟
重点句型
1.Below are some of Blackborow's diary entries.
全部倒装
(1)表语倒装：分词/副词/形容词/介词短语＋be＋主语
(2)表示处所、方位等的副词或介词，如 here, there, now, then, up, down, in, out, off 等放在句首，而主语是名词，且谓语动词是 be, lie, sit, stand, come, go, exist, live, rush等不及物动词时，句子可以用完全倒装结构。
Out rushed a cat from under the bed.
从床底下跑出一只猫。
(3)there be句型也属于完全倒装结构。该句型中的be可以替换为live, exist, lie, stand, seem, rise, remain, happen, come, go等动词。句型结构为“there＋特定动词＋主语”。
There stands a temple on the top of the mountain.
【翻译】
①Lying on the beach was the mother, along with her two sons.
躺在沙滩上的是一个母亲和她两个儿子。
②By the window is sittting Mr.Green and many other guests.
窗边坐着格林先生先生和许多其他客人。
2. It so happened that one morning I bought a newspaper.
①It (so/just) happened/happens that……. …碰巧；恰好
It happened/happens to do… 碰巧做某事……
②as it happens 和 it happens that…都可以表示“碰巧”，它们在意思上没什么区别，在用法上，as it happens 可用于句首或句末。如：
As it happens, I have my notebook with me. 碰巧我带着笔记本。
I saw him in the street yesterday, as it happens. 我昨天碰巧在街上见到了他。
【翻译】
(1).碰巧我有一位朋友在这所学校学习。
It happens that I have a friend studying in this school.
(2).我碰巧遇到过相同的问题，因此，我可以给你提些建议。
I happened to meet the same issue, and therefore, I can give you some advice.
3.There was nothing like a good dinner and some music to cheer us up.
没有什么比得上一顿好饭和一点儿音乐能让我们振作起来了。
There was nothing like sth. 没有什么比得上……
4.If it weren’t for sea animals, we would all starve. 要不是有海洋生物，我们都得挨饿。(P44)
结构是：if it were not for +名词 / 句子 / 名词性短语，主语 + would / should 等 + do ...
(if it were not for 可以换用为but for或without。)
if引导的虚拟条件句:
If 从句 主句动词形式
与现在事实相反 ①一般过去式(did)；be用were would/could/should/might (not) do
与过去事实相反 过去完成时（had done） would/could/should/might (not) have done
与将来事实相反 ①一般过去式(did)；be用were ②were to do ③should do would/could/should/might (not) do
【语法填空】
(1) If it __were___ (be) to be sunny tomorrow, we would go out for a picnic.
(2) If he had told me the weather, I wouldn’t have made (made) such mistakes.
【翻译】(感谢信)如果当时你不及时帮助，我不可能在英语上取得如此大的进步。
If it had not been for your timelyassistance/ Without your timely assistance, I would not have made such great progress in English.
5. When we were finally rescued，we felt such relief and joy that many of us could not hide our tears. 当我们终于获救时，我们感到如释重负，喜极而泣。
翻译为：如此……以致于……
(1)such + a/an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词 + that从句
such + 形容词 + 复数可数名词/不可数名词 + that从句
He made such rapid progress that his teacher praised him.
注意：当形容词是“few”、“little”、“many”、“much”时，应该把“such”改为“so”。例如：“He has so many books that I can't count them all.”（他有如此多的书，以致我数不过来。
(2)“so...that...”句型结构为:
so+ adj.(adv.)+that...
so+adj.+a(an)+单数n. +that...
so +many(few)+复数n.+that...
so +much(little)+不可数n. +that...
【翻译】
(1)He spoke ___ so fast that _____we couldn't understand him.
他说得太快，我们都未能听懂他的话。
(2)It was____ so hot a day that________ nobody wanted to doanything. 天气很热，谁都不想干活。
重点单词
adversity n. 困境，逆境
(1) adj. adverse不利的 adv. adversely相反地
(2)同义词：trouble、misfortune、hardships、difficulty
(3)搭配：in adversity 在困境/逆境中 =in a dilemma 处于窘境/困境中
wage n.工资
同义词：
salary通常指按月发放的薪水、薪金 pay指做完具体工作给的报酬。
wage通常指按周领取的工资、工钱 income 指收入、收益、所得
Wages are paid on Fridays.
He doesn’t like the job, but the pay is good.
The government has decided to increase salaries for all civil servants
bitter
(1)adj.
① 严寒的 bitter cold (n.) 严寒 a bitter wind刺骨寒风
② 痛苦的
bitter tears/a bitter experience辛酸的眼泪/痛苦的经历
③有苦味的 Good medicine is bitter in the mouth. 良药苦口
补充： sour adj.酸的 sweet adj.甜的 spicy adj.辣的 salty 咸的
(2) adv.bitterly（extremely）痛苦地；愤恨地；极其，非常
bitterly cold 严寒 She wept bitterly at the news. 她听到这个消息后泣不成声.
(3)n. bitterness苦难
endurance
(1) n.忍耐力；耐久力
beyond endurance 无法忍受
(2) vt. endure忍耐；忍受; 持续
I cannot endure [=(more commonly) stand] the sound of her voice.我无法忍受她的声音。
This tradition has endured [=lasted] for centuries.这个传统已经延续了数百年。
(3)adj. endurable 可忍耐的,能忍受的；能持久的
(4)adj. enduring持久的，持续的=lasting
enduringly adv.耐久地；永久地
vigour n. 精力；力量；活力
vigorous adj.充满活力的；精力充沛的；强壮的；
强健的同义词：energetic，dynamic ,robust，red-blooded
turn down
(1)turn sb. down/ turn down sb.拒绝（某人）
同义词;refuse; decline, reject
(2)turn down 调低（音量等）反 turn up
Could you please turn down your TV a bit
归纳拓展turn构成的其他搭配：
turn out结果是，证明是
turn to求助于；翻到 turn around转身
turn on接通；打开 turn off关掉
turn over翻身；移交 turn in上交；退还
qualify
(1)vt．＆vi．（使）具有资格；（使）合格 反：disqualify 取消资格
qualify（sb.）as（使····.·）取得····资格
qualify sb. for sth. / to do sth.使某人能胜任·····／有资格
(2) qualified adj. 具备......的资历／学历；具备的知识／技能
反：unqualified 不具备资格的
be qualified for .../ to do... 具备（做）······的资格
(3)qualification n. (通过考试或学习取得的)资格；学历
acquire/gain/get/obtain/hold qualification 获得/取得/得到/拿到/持有资格
have qualifications for sth. / to do sth. 有（做）某事的资格
There is no doubt that he has qualifications to do the work.
完成句子：
1.Nowadays, knowing a foreign language and being familiar with a foreign culture can actually be an important __qualification___ (qualify) of a job.
2.At the end of the three years, my daughter hopes to qualify ___as___ a doctor.
enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热心的
(1)介词搭配：
be/become enthusiastic about (doing) sth. 对做某事热情
同义表达整理：be fond of/ be keen on sth/ be passionate about sth/ be interested in/ be devoted to/be addicted to…..
(2)n. enthusiasm热情，热忱
with enthusiasm 热情地 be full of enthusiasm 充满热情
(3)n. enthusiast热衷者，爱好者
(4) adv.enthusiastically热情地
完成句子：
1.He is very enthusiastic ___about______ academic research.
2.They listened with great interest, and then enthusiastically (enthusiastic) joined in grand conversation about Harry’s adventure.
aboard
(1)adv. & prep. 上（船、飞机、公共汽车等）
adv. go aboard (the plane/ship/bus/train)= board the ship
登机/上船/上公共汽车/上火车
prep. (be) aboard the plane/ship/bus/train：
在飞机上/船上/公共汽车上/火车上
(2) vt/vi board 上船(车、飞机、公共汽车等)
board the ship
(3) n. 木板 on board 在船（车、飞机、公共汽车）上
【拓展】
abroad adv.在国外；到国外
go abroad出国 at home and abroad国内外
broad adj. 宽的
选词填空 (aboard/ abroad/ board/ broad)
1. That afternoon aboard the train, they saw beautiful scenery.
2. That afternoon they boarded the train and saw beautiful scenery.
3.She gives frequent performances of her work, both at home and __abroad___. .
4. She gave a performance on a broad stage.
assign
(1) vt. 分派；布置；分配
①assign sth. to sb.=assign sb. sth.给某人分派某任务
②assign sb. as sth.指派某人担任某职务
③assign sb. to do sth. 指定/安排某人做某事
The teacher assigned each of the children a different task. 老师给每个孩子布置了不同的任务。
(2)assignment n. 任务；作业
She stayed up late to complete / finish a class assignment.
on assignment 受委派
a tough assignment一项艰巨的任务
(3)assigned指定的
单句语法填空
1. When I taught, I would assign a topic _____to___ children which they would write about.
2. Our first ____assignment________ (assign) was to read two short stories and then discuss which one was better.
envy
(1)n. 羡慕；妒忌
① out of envy 出于嫉妒 with envy羡慕地；嫉妒地
②be/become the envy of... 成为令...羡慕/妒忌的对象
Her many talents were the envy of all her friends.
③be green with envy 十分嫉妒、眼红
Mike is heading off to Spain for the week, and I'm green with envy.
(2) vt. 羡慕；妒忌
①envy sb. (doing) sth.羡慕某人(做)某事
He envied his opponent winning the first prize.
②envy sb. for sth.因某事而羡慕某人
(3)adj.envious嫉妒的 enviously adv.美慕地
be envious of=be jealous of sb./sth. 忌妒/ 羡慕某人/某事
同义词：jealousy、green-eyed monster
单句语法填空：
①Her friends looked with envy at her latest purchase.
②Mark sent Anna a bunch of red roses, and she was envied by (envy) by her colleagues.
③Treat the flowers right and your garden will be the envy of the neighbourhood.
④All of us are envious (envy) of Jane, because she is always the first to recite the text.
crush
(1) vt.压坏，捣碎，毁坏
同义词：crunch、pile
Crush the nuts and sprinkle them on top of the cake.把坚果磨碎后撒在蛋糕上。
(2) n.①拥挤的人群；
I couldn't find a way through the crush.人太挤，我挤不过去。
②热恋，迷恋
have a crush on sb.迷恋某人
sink (sank or sunk——sunk)
(1) vi./vt
①(使)下沉；使沉没 反 float
The ship sank to the bottom of the sea.船沉入海底
②vi（高度）下降；倒下；坐下
The sun was starting to sink. 太阳开始下山。
sink/collapse into one's seat瘫坐在位置上
③(使)消沉，(使)陷入
be sunk in…..陷入….
I was worried, sunk in thought.我担心，陷入了沉思。
She sank into a deep depression.她陷入了深深的沮丧。
(2) adj. sinking (情绪突然)颓丧的，抑郁的，沮丧的
a heavy/sinking/broken heart沉重/垂头丧气/破碎的心情
With a heavy/sinking/broken heart, she watched him. 她怀着沉重/垂头丧气/破碎的心情看着他离开。
(3)n. sink水槽，水池
单句语法填空
1. The Titanic was a passenger ship which sank/sunk (sink) to the bottom of the ocean in 1912.
2. She sank back ______into_______ her seat, tired.
3. She just sat there, sunk _______in_______ thought.
根据所给提示，用适当的词块完成下列句子。
1. Her heart sank（她心里一沉）as she read the results.
2. Susan’s husband watched her sink into hopelessness / despair（陷入绝望）and he was determined to use every possible means to help his wife.
abandon
(1)①vt. 舍弃；抛弃；放弃
同义词：desert、give up、quit、discard
abandon doing sth 放弃做某事 be abandoned by…被……所抛弃
②vt陷入，沉湎于（某种情感）
abandon oneself to (doing) sth 沉溺于(做)某事 be abandoned to… 沉溺于(做)某事
(2) adj. abandoned废弃的；被遗弃的
an abandoned house废弃的房子
(3) n. abandon 放纵；纵情
with abondon 放纵地
The fans cheered with abondon when their favorite football team won.
单句语法填空
(1) Abandoned to online games, he has difficulty in focusing on his studies.
(2) Abandoning himself to online games, he has difficulty in focusing on his studies.
(3)Even in his darkest moments, Beethoven never abandoned __composing_____ (compose) music.
(4)Mr Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children. He owned a farm, which looked almost abondoned (abandon).
(5)Playing computer games is harmful to your health. Don’t abandon yourself __to____ this kind of pleasure.
(6)Bad customs and laws ought to ___be abandoned (abandon), since they are inappropriate for the development of the society.
blanket
(1) n.①毯子
rubber blanket乳胶垫
wet blanket湿垫子；扫兴的人；扫兴的事
②大量的覆盖物
a blanket of snow/fog/ice厚厚的一层雪/雾/冰
a blanket of flowers/grass一大片花/草
(2)vt. 覆盖，笼罩
be blanketed/capped/covered with被覆盖
The thick fog blanketed the field. 浓雾笼罩着整个大地。
belongings n. [pl.]财物；动产
(1)personal belongings个人财产
同类表达：surroundings环境 savings积蓄；earnings积蓄；leavings剩饭
(2) n. belonging 归属
a sense of belonging归属感
(3) vi. belong属于 belong to 属于 (非谓语只有ing形式)
单句语法填空
(1)China is a country belonging_ (belong) to the third world.
genuine adj.真正的
词性变化：adv.genuinely的确——n. genuineness真诚
同义词：authentic、true、sincere、real
perseverance
(1) n. 毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神
show great perseverance in the face of difficulty
面对困难时表现出强大的毅力
(2) vi.persevere 坚持；孜孜以求
persevere in doing sth.坚持做某事 persevere with sb./sth.坚持...
She persevered with her violin lessons.她孜孜不倦地学习小提琴。
(3)adj.persevering 坚韧不拔的；不屈不挠的
resolve
(1)vi. & vt. 决定；决心；解决（问题或困难） n. 决定；决心
solve/resolve/settle/deal with/ cope with/fix/approach/address/handle/tackle a problem 解决问题
resolve to do sth. 决定做某事 resolve on doing sth. 决定做某事
Both sides met in order to try to resolve their differences. 双方会晤以努力解决分歧。
(2)n. resolution
① （冲突、问题等的）解决 (solution/answer)
②决定；决心
make a resolution to do sth. 决定做某事
A new year resolution 新年决心
③决议
pass / adopt / approve a resolution
单句语法填空
(1)They made a firm resolve to set (set) up a company of their own to realize their dream.
(2)Mike resolved to run (run) for the mayor of their city.
(3)He has already resolved on __asking___ (ask) Mary for marriage.
(4)They haven’t found a proper ___resolution_____ (resolve) to that problem.
cruel
(1)adj. 残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的
be cruel to sb.对某人残忍的
a cruel punishement残酷的惩罚 a cruel joke挖苦人的笑话
(2) cruelly adv. 残酷地；非常地
(3)cruelty n.残忍，残酷，不公
cruelty to animals对动物的虐待
thorough adj. 深入的；彻底的；细致的
thoroughly adv. 彻底地；完全地
【易混辨析】
(1)though adv. 虽然；可是 conj. 虽然；尽管
(2)through prep. 穿过；通过 adv. 从头到尾；直达地；彻底，
(3)thought n. 思想，也是think的过去式及过去分词形式
furniture
(1)n.家具 （不可数）
a piece of furniture/article of furniture
(2)vt.furnish
①为配备家具/布置房间 be furnished with... 配备着...
The house is well furnished. 这间房屋布置很好。
②提供 furnish sb./sth. with...向某人/某物提供...
(3)furnished有家具的
a fully furnished room配备齐全的房间
fortunate adj. 幸运的
(1)fortunate adj. 幸运的 反： unfortunate
be fortunate in doing sth. 因做某事感到幸运
be fortunate to do sth. 有幸能做某事
It’s fortunate that... 幸运的是……
(2)fortune n. 运气；财富
try one’s fortune 碰运气 make a fortune 发大财
He went to Australia and soon made a fortune.
(3) adv. fortunately幸运地 unfortunately adj. 不幸地；遗憾地
单句语法填空
1. Fortunately（fortunate），after six years’hard work, he founded his own company.
2.Unfortunately（unfortunate），his father died， leaving the whole family even poorer.
3.I was fortunate to enjoy（enjoy） such attractive scenery in your hometown.
4.Central London is fortunate in having so many large parks and open spaces.
guidance
(1) n.指导，引导
under one’s guidance=under the guidance of在...的指导下
seek guidance from sb. 向某人寻求指导
(2)guide vt.指导，影响
guide sb. to……. 引导某人到……
(3)n. guide n指南；指导；导游
rough
(1)adj. ①崎岖不平的道路 ②艰难的时光 ③不平静的；风浪很大的④简单的；粗略的⑤不舒服的；不适的
(2)roughly adv.粗暴地；大约
填写词义：
1. Because the areas used for playing fields are often rough and rocky, millions of real balls go flat within 24 hours. 崎岖不平的
2. The Atlantic Ocean has personalities: sometimes peaceful and pleasant, on rare occasions rough and wild; always it is strong and striking. ____风浪很大的_____
3. The first year was rough, but things have gotten better. ____艰难的______
4. We were only able to make a rough estimate of how much fuel would be required. 粗略的____
make fire 生火
be on fire在燃烧 under fire受到攻击
catch fire着火 light a fire点火
put out a fire灭火 play with fire玩火；冒险
be on fire for因……而激动；充满激情 be full of fire充满激情
set fire to sth. ＝set sth. on fire放火烧某物
give off 放出(热、光、气味或气体)
give up放弃 give in屈服
give out分发，发放 give away赠送
give way to让步 give birth to生育
commit v. (committed-committed-committing)
(1)vt.
①犯（错误、罪行等）
commit murder/ a crime/ a mistake
Smoking is committing suicide slowly.
②vt.投入
commit ... to (doing) sth. . 把(时间/钱)……投入……
be committed to (doing) sth 致力于, 投身于
e.g. He commits an hour to reading the newspaper every morning.
e.g. He committed himself to/was committed to the cause of education. 他投身于教育事业。
其他常用的“献身于；致力于；专心致志于”的表达：
·be devoted/ dedicated/applied to (doing) sth
·be absorbed/ buried/ engaged/involved in (doing) sth
③vt.承诺，保证做某事
commit ... to (doing) sth.= be committed to (doing) sth 承诺；保证(做某事)
e.g. Both sides committed themselves to settling the conflicts peacefully. 双方都承诺和平解决矛盾。
(2)n. commitment n. 奉献；投入；承诺
make a commitment (to do/doing)作出承诺
(3) adj. committed尽心尽力的；坚定的
单句语法填空
1.He has committed himself to supporting (support) them.
2.The boy was committed (commit) to the care of his aunt yesterday.
3.What really matters about a leader is their commitment (commit) to getting to the right answer and to doing it in the right way.
motive
(1)n.动机；目的；原因
a motive for (doing) sth. 做某事的动机 a motive to do sth. 做某事的动机
(2) vt. motivate激发；促使；激励 encourage=stimulate=facilitate=advance=promote=inspire
n. motivation积极性 adj.motivated积极的；主动的 =inspired=encouraged
单句语法填空：
1. How do you ___motivate_______ (motive) people to work hard and efficiently
2. In a case of murder, the police questioned everyone who might have ____a______ motive.
XB3U4 词汇练习
一、小情景续写
得知儿子汤姆沉溺于电脑游戏，妈妈的心一沉，接着伤心地哭了起来。接着她勃然大怒，厉声质问汤姆，“你一直都是一个如此好脾气、真诚、热情、忠诚的孩子，其他人都羡慕你。”汤姆痛苦地抽泣道:“我不知道如何解决上次考试完全失败的问题。”听到这里，妈妈冲向汤姆，把他揽入怀中，拍着他的后背，细语道:“只要你致力于学习你会取得更大进步的。”
Learning that her son, Tom, was abandoned to __________computer games, the mother’s heat sank_ and then she wept ___bittterly_____. she explodcd，“You are always such a good-tempered, genuine, enthusiastic and loyal boy that others envy you. Tom sobbed miserably，“I don't know how to __resolve_____the complete failure in the last exam.” Hearing this, the mother hurried to Tom, gathered him into her arms and patted himon the back, murmuring, “As long as _ you are committed to your study ,you can make much more progress.
二、单词拼写
1．It is reported that everyone (在船上) was injured in the accident.
2．Honestly speaking, I do (羡慕) you getting the title of the Excellent Graduate and I should follow your example.
3．The ship would have (下沉) with all on board but for the captain.
4．If you put on (潮湿的) clothes in such weather, you will probably catch cold.
5．Men must consider eating, drinking, clothing and finding shelter before they can pursue entertainment and (消遣)．
6．Engineers carried out a (彻底的)inspection of the track to ensure the safety of the trains.
7．Though the house was shabby, it was neatly decorated with beautifully designed (家具)．
8．Friends are not books, yet books are friends. Friends may betray you, while books are always (忠诚的)．
9．To be honest, I find it difficult to be (热情的) about mathematics while my brother does.
10．This exercise is beneficial to your health and will improve strength and (忍耐力)．
1. aboard 2. envy 3. sunk 4．damp 5. recreation 6.thorough 7．furniture 8. loyal 9. enthusiastic
10．endurance
三、单句语法填空(每空1.5分，共30分）
1.Please take away all your____________(belong) when you leave the room.
2.At last, the lawyer's advice led to the ____________(resolve) of this difficult problem.
3.As you can see, the children were really encouraged, and they were also____________ (enthusiasm) about reading all of these books.
4.I couldn't help crying when I arrived at the wedding site. I was _____(envy)of their happiness.
5.As we all know, no one can casually succeed, and victory requires courage, diligence and ____________(persevere).
6.____________(unfortunate), due to unforeseen circumstances, this yearly show has been cancelled.
7.They have spent enormous amounts of money____________(advertise) their products.
8.The____________(guide) system didn't work and he had to get it repaired by professionals.
9.What's wrong The dog____________(bark) nonstop for an hour.
10.After a few days, you'll establish a pattern of going to bed at ____________(rough) the same time and falling asleep right away.
11.Different colors have special meanings in Peking Opera facial makeup. Red is the color of ____________(loyal), integrity, and courage.
12.Sometimes the non-vegan(非严格素食主义者) might feel uncomfortable, afraid that their vegan friend will think they are ____________(cruelty) for eating animals or animal products.
13.To our surprise, she has passed all her exams and is serving as a ____________(qualify) accountant now.
14.Have you noticed that they have placed an____________(advertise) in the local paper for a secretary
15.Our teacher intended us to be a person with a real sense of____________(commit) to the job in the future.
16. This event tests both physical and mental __________ (endure).
17.It was drizzling, and ___________________(miserable) cold.
18.The child was found _________ (abandon), but unharmed fortuantely.
19. I hate to interrupt your intimate conversation but we do have an ________ (assign) to discuss.
20.Underneath, Sophie was deeply ______________(commit) to her husband.
答案：1.belongings 2.resolution 3.enthusiastic 4.envious 5.perseverance 6.Unfortunately 7.advertising 8.guidance 9.has been barking 10.roughly 11.loyality 12.cruel 13. qualified 14.advertisement mitment 16.endurence 17miserably 18.abandoned 19.assignment mitted
XB3U4 语法练习
1.语法填空。用所给词的适当形式填空
1．The dollar (climb) steadily all week.
2．People (pour) into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece.
3．The Chinese government (do) research into vaccine (疫苗) against African Swine Fever for months, recently many have received the first doses.
4．Jim (phone) Jenny every night for the past week.
5．The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities (rise) since 1997.
6．The number of people, who have access to their own cars, (rise) sharply in the past decade.
7．He (listen) to English programs since he came to the US, so he (make) great progress.
2.多种时态混合，用所给词的适当形式填空。
8.It seems that climate all over the world (change) greatly in recent years.
9.Neither the players nor the coach (experience) that kind of sports so far.
10. It was the second time that I (read) the novel, and each time, I discovered new layers of meaning in the author’s words.
11．The soldiers (rescue) injured hikers when a sudden storm hit the mountain.
12．He (apply) for a credit card next Tuesday.
13．He is (suffer) from tension and doesn’t know how to deal with it.
14．I (find) myself more in moments of quietness, taking time for contemplation of the world around me.
15．One of the things I (struggle) with recently is becoming an early riser.
16．The company (promise) a rise in salary for ages, but nothing has happened yet.
17．The number of smokers, as is reported, (drop) by 17 percent in just one year.
18．A prisoner (escape) from a jail in northern Texas recently.
19．Known as the “Ice City”, Harbin (draw) more than 3,000,000 tourists from various areas since the beginning of this winter.
20．When I reached the station, the train bound for Beijing (leave).
1.【答案】has been climbing
【详解】考查时态。句意：整个星期美元一直在稳步攀升。设空处在句中作谓语动词，由时间状语“all week”以及句意可知此句应用现在完成进行时，“The dollar”作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数，故填has been climbing。
2【答案】have been pouring
【详解】考查时态。句意：自从古希腊时代以来，人们就开始涌入体育场馆。分析可知，所填动词为句子的谓语动词。由时间状语“since the days of ancient Greece(自从古希腊时代以来)”以及语境可知，“pour(涌入；接踵而至)”的动作发生在过去，持续到现在，且还会持续下去，故用现在完成进行时，主语“people”为复数，应是：have been doing。故填have been pouring。
3【答案】has been doing
【详解】考查时态。句意：数月以来，中国政府一直在研究对抗非洲猪瘟的疫苗，最近许多人接种了第一针。根据下文“for months(数月以来)”可知句子表达的是一个几个月以来一直持续的动作，谓语动词应使用现在完成进行时形式，又因主语The Chinese government是表示整体含义的集体名词，为第三人称单数，故填has been doing 。
4【答案】has been phoning
【详解】考查时态。句意：在过去的一周里，吉姆每天晚上都给珍妮打电话。由句意和every night for the past week可知，打电话这一动作从过去到现在的一段时间内反复进行，应用现在完成进行时，主语是Jim，助动词应用has，故填has been phoning。
5【答案】has been rising
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：自1990年以来，在中国大学就读的外国学生人数一直在上升。根据后文since 1990可知表示动作从某一时间开始，不间断发生一直持续到现在，并可能继续持续下去应用现在完成进行时，且主语为“the number of+复数名词”，谓语动词应用单数，故助动词应用has。故填has been rising。
6【答案】has risen
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的十年里，拥有自己汽车的人数急剧增加。rise是主句谓语动词，根据时间状语in the past decade可知，表示过去所发生的动作或事情对现在的影响，应用现在完成时，主语为固定短语“the number of +名词”，表示“……的数量”，视为单数，助动词用has。故填has risen。
7.【答案】 has been listening has made
【详解】考查现在完成进行时、现在完成时和主谓一致。句意：自从他来到美国后就一直在听英语节目，所以他取得了很大的进步。根据“since he came to the US”可知，第一处是指动作发生在过去，一直持续到现在，并在将来的某段时间里仍将进行，所以第一处应用现在完成进行时，主语he为第三人称单数。第二处是指动作发生在过去，但对现在产生了结果或影响，所以应用现在完成时，主语he为第三人称单数。动词listen意为“听”，make progress意为“取得进步”。故填①has been listening②has made。
8【答案】has been changing
【详解】考查动词。句意：近年来，世界各地的气候似乎发生了很大的变化。句中in recent years表示动作从过去持续发生到现在，也有可能持续到将来，故使用现在完成进行时。故填has been changing。
9. 【答案】has experienced
【详解】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：到目前为止，球员和教练都没有经历过这种运动。根据so far可知，experience“经历”这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，句子应用现在完成时；由neither..nor...连接的两个主语可知，谓语应该和the coach保持一致，所以助动词用has。故填has experienced。
10. 【答案】had read
【详解】考查时态。句意：这是我第二次读这本小说，每读一次，我都能在作者的文字中发现新的含义。此处为句型It was the second time that+过去完成时。故填had read。
11【答案】were rescuing
【详解】考查时态。句意：士兵们正在营救受伤的徒步旅行者时，突然来了一场暴风雨。be doing...when...正在做某事的时候，突然……。根据从句时态可知，用过去进行时。主语The soldiers是复数，谓语动词用were。故填were rescuing。
12. 【答案】is applying/will apply
【详解】考查时态。句意：他下周二要申请信用卡。分析句子结构和意思可知，句子有next Tuesday作时间状语，谓语用一般将来时，也可以用现在进行时表示将来。故填is applying/ will apply。
13. 【答案】suffering
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：他受到紧张情绪的困扰，不知道该如何处理。suffer from与主语是逻辑主谓关系，应用主动语态，由空前is可知，应用现在分词，构成现在进行时，表示正在发生的事情。故填suffering。
14【答案】have been finding
【详解】考查时态。句意：我发现自己更多的是在安静的时刻，花时间沉思我周围的世界。表示动作从某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，没有间断应用现在完成进行时，主语为I，助动词用have。故填have been finding。
15. 【答案】have been struggling
【详解】考查时态。句意：我最近一直在努力做的一件事就是成为一个早起的人。根据后文recently表示动作从某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，持续不间断应用现在完成进行时，主语为I，助动词用have。故填have been struggling。
16答案】has been promising
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这家公司多年来一直承诺加薪，但现在什么也没发生。根据句中的for ages和but后面分句中的has happened可知，这里应用现在完成进行时，表示动作从过去一直持续到现在，而且还有可能继续下去。主语The company为第三人称单数，所以谓语应用单数形式。故填has been promising。
17【答案】has dropped
【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：据报道，吸烟者的数量在短短一年内下降了17%。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，根据句意以及该句in just one year时间状语可知，此处为现在完成时，结合主语The number of smokers表示“……的数量”谓语动词应为单数形式。故填has dropped。
18答案】has escaped
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：最近，一名囚犯从德克萨斯州北部的一所监狱越狱。根据后文recently可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语为prisoner，助动词用has。故填has escaped。
19. 【答案】has drawn
【详解】考查时态。句意：入冬以来，素有“冰城”之称的哈尔滨吸引了来自各地的游客超过300万人次。空处在句中作谓语，由since the beginning of this winter可知，句子应用现在完成时，表示从过去到现在已经吸引了300多万人，主语是Harbin，助动词应用has，故填has drawn。
20【答案】had left
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：当我到达车站时，开往北京的火车开走了。主句缺少谓语动词，leave发生在reached 之前，表示“过去的过去”，使用过去完成时。故填had left。
