-2024届高考英语二轮复习介词，冠词，代词 课件(共39张PPT)

(共39张PPT)
第三讲　冠词、代词和介词(短语)
1. 不定冠词 a an
元音音标开头的单词，用an。注意元音U，有辅音发音，如university 前用a，猜一猜：umbrella用an
2. 定冠词the
①表示独一无二的或被认为是唯一东西的名词前The setting sun
②表示特指的人或物的名词前(熟知或心照不宣的人或物)③前文提到的人或物的名词前④形容词最高级、副词最高级或序数词前或形容词only，very，same等之前；
eg：the biggest developing country，the same，the first one
⑤形容词、分词、序数词等前表示同一类人或物或某种抽象概念等
the rich富人 the old老年人/旧的东西
⑥在介词短语中，方向、方位名词；乐器，年代，世纪，姓氏前要用定冠词。
the Greens格林一家
【冠　　词】
独指方高乐序管家集——定冠词口诀
独：独一无二 the sun,the moon ,the earth ,the world
指：1：双方知道 open the door 2：上文提到 there is a farmer ,the farmer has a hen
方：方向：the east ,the west,the south ,the north ,the right ,the left(turn right/left)
高：形容词的最高级：the best，the most，the biggest
乐：乐器：the piano，the guitar，the violin ，the drum
序：序数词：the first，the second，the third
注意：两种情况不可以用the。
1：at first 首先 2:序数词前是形容词性物主代词my/your/his/her/our/their
It is my first time to come to beijing
管（惯）：习惯用法：in the morning ,in the afternoon
家：一家人the Blacks,the Greens,the Whites
集（形容词）一类人：the rich,the poor ,the blind （瞎的）,the deaf（聋子）
1.（2023新高考I卷）The meat should be fresh with touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious.
答案：a
2.（2023新高考II卷）Not the pandas, even though language used for the medical training instructions is actually English.
答案：the
3.（2023浙江1月卷）In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect culture of grassroots Beijingers.
答案：the
4.（2023全国甲卷改编）In the evening, when I take walk in the school garden, the singing of insects becomes more meaningful to me.
答案： a。
5.（2023全国乙卷改编）Mom was sure same color would look great on her.
答案：the
【代　　词】
人称代词、物主代词以及反身代词
类别 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词
主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性
功能 主语 宾语、表语 定语 主语、表语、宾语 宾语、表语、同位语
第一 人称 单数 I me my mine myself
复数 we us our ours ourselves
类别 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词
主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性
功能 主语 宾语、 表语 定语 主语、表语、宾语 宾语、表语、同位语
第二 人称 单数 you you your yours yourself
复数 you you your yours yourselves
第三 人称 单数 he him his his himself
she her her hers herself
it it its its itself
复数 they them their theirs themselves
【代　　词】
当主语和宾语所指相同时，宾语用反身代词！！！
有名则形，无名则名
1.She is my (I) mother.
2.His（he） coat is black.
3.A：Is this T-shirt yours（you）？
B:No，it is not mine(my)
【2018·全国I】If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give ______a try.
【答案】it或running
【2018·全国III】When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find ________(they) alive.
【答案】them
（2022全国乙卷）The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony， opening _____ (it)first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth — A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea.
答案：its
（2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空）Ecotourism has ______ (it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s.
【答案】its
（2021.6新高考1卷 语法填空）As the song goes, this long and winding road "will never disappear", and it will always stick in the visitor's memory. It sure does in ______ (I).
【答案】mine
（2020·新课标I卷语法填空）Data about the moon’s composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether _____ (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
【答案】its
【2020·海南】Readers are encouraged to continue exploring the digital world with the guidance of_______（we）further resources section featured in each volume.
【答案】our
(2018 湖北黄冈高三5月)
Heritage can also be a reminder of the lifestyle of the past. Just look at Vienna’s coffee culture: the award was for what happened there, not for the places ______________(they).
【答案】themselves
（2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空）She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of _____ (she), everything in good taste and in perfect order."
【答案】herself 【句意】玛丽很喜欢。她长得非常漂亮，她的房子就是她自己的写照，一切都很高雅，井井有条。由主语She 和her house可知，此处需用反身代词herself （她本人）作介词of的宾语。
1．用于某些句型中。
It's time for sth. 该做某事了。　　 　　
It's time for lunch.
It's time to do sth. 到该做某事的时候了。
It's time to get up
It's time for sb. to do sth. 某人该做某事了。
It's time for you to take your medicine.
it的用法
1．用于某些句型中。
It's (about/high) time that＋+从句主语+should do/did... 某人该做某事了。
It's high time that we met her at the bus stop.到了我们去汽车站接她的时候了
It is the first/second... time＋that...（从句用现在完成时）
It is the first time that she’s seen an elephant
It was the first/second... time＋that...（从句用过去完成时）
It was the first time that she had sung in public.
It's＋时间段＋since...自从……有多少时间了。
It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.我读研究生已经两年了。
It is said/reported/believed.... that 据说/据报道/据认为...
It is reported that this medicine can present cancer. 根据报道，这种药可以防治癌症。
it的用法
1．用于某些句型中。
It takes sb sometime to do sth.做某事话费某人多长时间
It took me more than a year to learn to draw a beautiful cat in ten minutes.
学会在十分钟内画一只漂亮的猫花了我一年多的时间。
It is +n.(名词)+to do sth. 做xxx真xx
It is a pity to give up a job.放弃这份工作真遗憾
It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子剩余部分
It was John and Mike who/that saw Mary in the street last night.约翰和迈克昨晚在路上看到了玛丽。
It is not until + 被强调部分+ that ...
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.
直到她摘下眼镜，我才认出来她是一个著名影星。
it的用法
2.用作形式主语的重要句型
It＋be＋adj.＋for/of sb.＋to do sth.
对于某人来说做某事是……的。/某人做某事是……的。
*It is necessary for us to have some exercise every day.
对我们来说每天做些锻炼是必要的。
*It is very considerate of you to send me a birthday card.
你给我寄生日贺卡真是太体贴了。
3．用作形式宾语的重要句型
(1)主语＋think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep/...＋it＋adj./n.(for/of sb.)＋to do sth./从句
(2)主语＋think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep/...＋it＋important/necessary/natural/essential＋that...(should)...
*I believe it important to separate good failures from bad failures.
我认为区分好的失败和坏的失败是很重要的。
with 和……在一起；具有；用；关于；包括；由于；随着；
(come up with,chat with)
at 在（表示存在或出现的地点、场所、位置、空间）；向，朝着；以（某种价格、速度等）(look/stare/glare/glance at)
in in+时间段表将来；在……期间；用……语言，以……媒介；以……方式(in English用英语；in a week过一周)
by 被；凭借；到...之前 (by means of借助于)
from 从；来自 （come from）
through 从事物内部通过；凭借(go through通过)
across 从事物表面通过；从一边到另一边；横过，穿过；在……对面；
(go across横穿)
without 没有 (without question毫无疑问)
for 为了；支持；因为(pay for)
to 针对，对着，向着 (the key to the door)
against 反对，反抗；倚靠lean
(struggle against与...斗争)
【介　　词】
at、in、on表示“时间”
1．at表示某一时刻
at 12：00(在12点)、at noon(在中午)、at night(在夜里)、at midnight(在半夜)、at dawn/daybreak(在黎明/破晓)、at sunrise/sunset(在日出/日落)、at dusk(在黄昏)。
2．in指上午、下午及晚上或月、年等较长的时间
in the 1980's/1980s(在20世纪80年代)、in the Qing Dynasty(在清朝)、in October(在十月份)、in the morning/afternoon/evening(在上午/下午/晚上)。　
3．on用于表示具体的日子或一个特定的时间(如某日、某节日、星期几等)
on October 1st(在10月1日)、on a rainy day(在一个下雨天)、on National Day(在国庆节)、on the morning of July 3rd(在7月3日上午)。
表示工具、手段、方式的介词
1．不涉及交通工具的名词时用by，名词前不加冠词。如by sea、by water、by land、by rail、by air等。
2．涉及交通工具的名词时用by，名词须用单数形式，前面不加冠词或任何修饰语。如by bike、by taxi、by plane、by ship/boat、by train、by spaceship等。
3．by、in、on、over、through等介词多用于无形的工具或方式手段之前。如by hand、in English、in ink、on the telephone、over the radio、through the telescope等。
“of＋抽象名词”的用法
1．of＋great/much＋抽象名词＝very＋抽象名词的形容词形式
2．of＋no＋抽象名词＝not＋抽象名词的形容词形式
As senior students, reading, writing and grammar are also of great importance.
＝As senior students, reading, writing and grammar are also very important.
作为高中生，阅读、写作和语法也很重要。
*All our persuasion was of no use; she would not come.
＝All our persuasion was not useful；she would not come.
我们所有的劝说都没有用；她不会来的。
介词but的固定搭配
have nothing to do but do... 除了做……外，无事可做
have no choice but to do... 别无选择只得做……
can't help but do... 不得不做……
can't but do... 不得不/只能做……
can't choose but do... 别无选择只得做……
but for... 要不是……
*I have no choice but to do as he tells me.
我别无选择，只能照他说的做。
*It rained hard, so they couldn't choose but stay at home.
雨下得很大，所以他们别无选择，只得待在家里。
名词 key、approach、solution、answer、entrance、visit、attitude等与介词to构成固定搭配
*We have a very communicative approach to teaching languages.
我们有一种非常注重交际的语言教学方法。
*We must find a satisfactory solution to the problem.
我们必须找到一个令人满意的方法来解决这个问题。
介词by的用法
1．by＋地点名词：表示方位，意为“在……旁边”。
*I can find two tables by the window for you.
我可以给你找两张靠窗的桌子。
2．by＋时间名词：意为“到……时(已发生某事)；最晚，不迟于……，在……之前”，此时谓语多用完成时。
*Can you have your report ready for the press by next week
你能在下周之前把你的报告准备好给媒体吗？
1.（2023新高考I卷）There you will find them prepared differently- more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed ______ hand rather than rolled.
答案：by。解析：考查介词。句意：在那里，你会发现它们的制作方式不同——更多汤包，更少的汤，包子皮是用手压的，而不是擀出来的。by hand“用手”是固定搭配，根据句意，故填by。
2.（2023新高考II卷）And who do they speak English ______
答案：with。解析：考查介词。句意：他们和谁说英语？分析句子结构可知，根据句意此处强调双向交流，应用固定搭配：speak with sb.意为“与某人交谈”。故填with。
2.（2023全国甲卷）She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility ___ saving their environment.
答案：for。解析：考查介词。句意：她警告社会面临的环境危险，并教导人们必须承担起保护环境的责任。take responsibility for对……负责。故填for。
4.（2023全国乙卷）From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong ___ royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully built system of ring roads.
答案：to
5.（2023北京卷）Nina has run marathons in 32 countries. All of her runs have a guiding purpose: to call attention ________ global water issues.
答案：to。解析：考查介词。句意：她所有的跑步活动都有一个指导目的：呼吁人们关注全球水资源问题。表示“关注”短语为call attention to。故填to。
6.（2023浙江1月卷）Thanks to Beijing’s long history ___capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic events.
答案：as。解析：.考查介词。句意：感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史，同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事，甚至有一些还跟历史事件有关。根据句意可知，空格处译为“作为”，as是介词意为“作为”，符合句意。故填as。
作业讲评
【即学即练】——单句语法填空
1．So enjoying the flourishing chrysanthemums also becomes ____________ essential activity in this festival.
an
解析：考查冠词。activity是可数名词的单数形式，且表泛指，同时essential的发音以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。
小红书P18页
2．These 24 solar terms were soon absorbed into The Taichu calendar, the first well documented calendar in ____________ history of China.
the
解析：考查冠词。根据句意可知，此处特指“在中国历史上”，应用定冠词the。
3．That led to ____________ increasing number of Chinese brands joining the trend and creating a wave of China Chic.
an
解析：考查冠词。根据句意和increasing number of可知，此处应用不定冠词，短语an increasing number of 意为“越来越多的……”。
4．After 82 days, cycling ____________ total of 5，600 km, he finally got to Mount Qomolangma, passing through six provinces and regions.
a
解析：考查冠词。a total of为固定搭配，意为“总共”。
5．In ____________ 1920s and 1930s, he collected around 400，000 seeds from five continents.
the
解析：考查冠词。in the 1920s and 1930s意为“在二十世纪二十年代和三十年代”，年代前用the。
6．Deng joined the PLA Air Force in June 1984 and started training as ____________ pilot at a flight college in Hebei Province.
a
解析：考查冠词。单数可数名词pilot为泛指概念，且发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a限定。
【即学即练】——单句语法填空
1．The two girls are so alike that strangers find ____________ difficult to tell one from the other.
it
解析：“find it＋adj.＋to do sth.”为固定句型，意为“认为做某事……”其中it为形式宾语，不定式为真正的宾语。
小红书P23页
2．It will take some time to popularize the new travel trend and the prices must remain competitive to ensure that regular tourists can afford____________．
them
解析：考查代词。根据句意可知，这里指代的是复数名词the prices，且动词afford后接宾语，所以用人称代词的宾格形式。
3．In such festivals, people create projects and present ____________ to judges. There are two rules: the project must be made of food, and it must be based on a book.
them
解析：考查代词。此处present为及物动词，后面缺少宾语，指代前面的 projects，应用人称代词的宾格形式。
4．After graduation, he began to take part in the PLA Air Force's selection of astronaut candidates and was finally selected with____________ 13 male aviators (飞行员)．
another
解析：考查形容词(不定代词)。根据句意和“13 male aviators”可知，此处应用形容词another修饰名词，表示“另外13名男性航天员”。
5．Also, the lecture is an eye-opener and I actually have developed an appreciation of the devotion and hard work ____________ takes to create art.
it
解析：考查代词。此处为句型“it takes/took...to do...”，意为“做……需要……”，其中it为形式主语，不定式为真正的主语。
【即学即练】——单句语法填空
1．The US space agency NASA launched a Martian vehicle, named Perseverance, ____________ July 30.
on
解析：考查介词。指在具体某一天要用介词on。
2．The publishing group announced that award-winning videos would be covered by seven media companies ____________ ten languages.
in
解析：考查介词。根据句意可知，此处意为“用10种语言”，应用介词in。
3．Bing Dwen Dwen is a giant panda ____________ a high sense of science and technology.
with
解析：考查介词。后跟名词作宾语，意为“具有”，应用介词with。
4．The classical gardens of Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, date back to the 6th century when the city was founded ____________ the capital of the Wu Kingdom.
as
解析：考查介词。根据题意可知，此处意为“作为”，应用介词as。
5．China Chic has changed from a consumption trend ____________ a cultural phenomenon and the 2022 Winter Olympic Games is a good example of why young people embrace it.
to
解析：考查介词。根据句意可知，此处意为“从……到……”，应用固定搭配“from...to...”。