2024届高三英语二轮复习阅读理解专题之细节理解课件(共62张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2024届高三英语二轮复习阅读理解专题之细节理解课件(共62张PPT) |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-05-16 09:08:18 | ||
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(共62张PPT)
高考专题复习
阅读理解
---细节理解
01）考情分析
02）设问方式
03）解题步骤
04）常见几种细节理解题型
直接信息 间接信息
数字计算 网式信息
05) 即时练习
content
考情分析
Part 1
年份 2023年 2022年 2021年 2020年
卷名 新高 考1卷 新高考 II卷 全国甲卷 全国乙卷 新高考 1卷 新高考 2卷 全国 甲卷 全国乙卷 新高考I卷 新高考II卷 全国甲卷 全国乙卷 新高考I卷 全国卷1 全国 卷II 全国卷III
事实细节题 6 6 9 5 7 8 5 9 8 11 5 6 8 7 6
7
主旨大意题 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2
3
推理判断题 7 7 5 8 6 4 8 4 5 6 7 7 5 5 5
3
词义猜测题 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2
1
阅读理解中占比最大的题型，约60%，是最重要的得分点，相比其他三
类题型，更易得分。但是对词汇量有要求，如果没有足够的词汇量作基
石，再多的解题技巧只是空谈而已。
考查能力：
识别，提取，分析，概括。近年来细节信息题难度有所增加。
设题顺序：
基本上都是题文同序
设问方式
Part 2
1.特殊疑问句（wh-）类：
以when, what, why, which, who, how, how many/much等疑问词开头引出的问题；
2.判断正误类(较少)：
1).Which of the following is TRUE/FALSE
2).All of the following statements may be true/false except ______.
3). Which of the following is not mentioned in the text
3.填空题类，如：
The teacher used Tinkertoys in class in order to______
The new study focused on whether dogs can________
According to Dr. Wang, the next step of the study is to________.
常针对文中细节提问，常见设题方式如下：
1.What happened when Welty was with her friends at the cafe
2. The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 6 refers to Welty's ________.
3. What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean
4. What is the author's purpose in writing the text
5. What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer
6. Which tended to be the most e mailed according to Dr Berger's research
7. What can be a suitable title for the text
8. Who can help you if you want to have your music produced
9. When will Charlotte Stone perform her songs
10. The teacher used Tinkertoys in class in order to ________
11. Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph
12. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2refer to
13. What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the lasr paragraph
15. How would the author feel about the outcome of the event
A.It’s unexpected. B. It’s beautiful. C. It’s humorous. D. It’s discouraging.
16. What is the government’s attitude to the development of the flying car
A. Cautious B. Favorable. C. Ambiguous. D. Disapproving.
判断下列哪些题是细节信息题？
词义猜测
词义猜测
推理判断
推理判断
主旨大意
推理判断（写作意图）
词义猜测
推理判断
推理判断
推理判断
tip：作者对某一现象的态度，文中某人对某件事的态度，用一个形容词来概括某个人品质，态度，选项一般选形容词来概括的，基本上都是推理判断。
常见干扰项设置方式：
偷梁换柱：偷换文中细小信息，如将A做的事安到B身上；
无中生有：明显不是文章的信息；
答非所问：是原文信息，但不是题干要求的内容；
曲解文意：与原文内容极其相似，只是在某处细节有变动；
正误参半：一部分正确，一部分错误。
以偏概全或以全概偏：是原文信息，但故意增加或减少细节。干扰项中常以always, never, only, all, must, the most, merely, completely, none等绝对的字眼,看到这些字眼格外小心。
颠倒是非：与文章表达的意思完全相反。
正确选项特点：
1.同义替换：对原文的关键词进行同义词替换，比如，换词性，换短语，主被动；
2.信息归纳：用更加精炼的语言来概括原文比较分散或者复杂的信息；
3.原文原词
(2018全国I卷)
In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under 5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she’s been able to put a lot of what she’s leant into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam,14, Finn,13, and Jack, 11.
"We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant," she explains. "I pay 5 for a portion(一份), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we’re not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves. “
● How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna
He buys cooking materials for her.
He prepares food for her kids.
C. He assists her in cooking matters.
D. He invites guest families for her.
干扰项特点1：
偷梁换柱
偷换文中细小信息，比如将A
做的事安到B身上
Susanna
偷换主语
(2020全国I卷)Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact(接触) with the ground at all times. It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
● Why are race walkers conditioned athletes
A. They must run long distances.
B. They are qualified for the marathon.
C. They have to follow special rules.
D. They are good at swinging their legs
tip: but, however, yet这些
表转折的词后面，往往才
是重点。
干扰项特点2：
无中生有
没有提到
没有提到
明显不是文章的信息
(2022年全国乙卷)
However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
● From which of the following is the sugar tax collected
Most alcoholic drinks.
Milk-based drinks.
Fruit juices.
Classic Coke.
干扰项特点3：
答非所问
是原文信息，但不是题干要求的内容
Most alcoholic drinks，Milk-based
Drinks和Fruit juices都有提及，都是免
税的，但是与题干要求无关。
(2017新课标全国III卷)
The film classic The Last Picture Show was the last movie shown in the old theater. Though the movie is 30 years old, most of the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting to say good-be to the old building. Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate. The movie is set in a small town where the only movie theater is preparing to close down.
● Why was The Last Picture Show put on
A. It was an all-time classic.
B. It was about the history of the town.
C. The audience requested it.
D. The theater owner found it suitable.
干扰项特点4：
曲解文意
与原文内容极其相似，只是在某处细节有变动
历史久远，不代表经典
以小镇为背景，而不是关于小镇的历史
tip: 题目由Why提问，
可以在文中找to/in
order to/because/thus/so/
therefore等字眼。
(2020全国III卷) On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation — not to air or to food, but to the ocean. A group of sea-dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers. The Bajau, as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times, they’ve also built houses on stilts(支柱) in coastal waters. “They are simply a stranger to the land," said Redney C. Jubilado, a University of Hawaii researcher who studies the Bajau.
Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines.
They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. "We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders," Dr. Jubilado said. “I could see them actually walking under the sea.
●Where do the Bajau build their houses
A. In valleys. B. Near rivers. C. On the beach. D. Off the coast.
●Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau
A. They could walk on stilts all day. B. They had a superb way of fishing.
C. They could stay long underwater. D. They lived on both land and water.
干扰项特点5：
正误参半
一部分正确，一部分错误
虽然他们居住的地方与水有关，
但是“在河流附近”≠沿海水域
他们住水里，而不是陆地和水里。
(2022 七彩联盟期中Passage A)
China
The Chinese typically only celebrate certain birthdays: the first, 10th, 20th, 30th, etc. The 60th birthday is important to the Chinese because it is seen as completing a full zodiac. Eating Chang Shou Mian on your birthday symbolizes long life you’ll hopefully have. Your loved ones can also wish for a long life.
South Korea
Mi-yeok-guk, a hearty seaweed soup, is usually served as part of breakfast for the beloved birthday boys and girls in Korea. Mothers will also typically eat this soup after childbirth to make up for nutrients during pregnancy, so you’d better pay respect to your mother whenever she cooks this on your birthday because it’s delicious, healthy, and nutritious.
●What do China and South Korea have in common when celebrating birthdays
A. People eat traditional food at birthday parties.
B. People eat specific food to celebrate their birthdays.
C. People eat Chang Shou Mian to wish for longevity on their birthdays.
D. People hold a “bumping” event for children to celebrate their birthdays.
干扰项特点6：
以偏概全/以全概偏
是原文信息，但故意增
加或减少细节
长寿面和Mi-yeok-guk soup只能算
特定的食物，traditional food涵盖
的范围太大。文章也没提到寿星在哪
里庆寿，birthday parties无疑缩小
了范围
(2019全国II卷)
“There are no tests,” Gordon says. “There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other than ‘Are you working towards your goal ’ Basically, it’s ‘I’ve got to produce this product and then, at the end of the year, present it to NASA.’ Engineers come and really do an in-person review, and…it’s not a very nice thing at times. It’s a hard business review of your product.”
●What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program
A. Check their product.
B. Guide project designs.
C. Adjust work schedules.
D. Grade their homework.
review检查
原文中说没有等级作业，这里的表达
完全相反。
干扰项特点7：
颠倒是非
与文章表达的意思完全相反
Part3
解题步骤
读题干
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
Ⅲ
判断题型，划关键词
按关键词定位原文
比原文和选项
(2020全国III卷)
When "Rise of the Planet of the Apes" was first shown to the public last month, a group of excited animal activists gathered on Hollywood Boulevard. But they weren’t there to throw red paint on fur-coat-wearing film stars. Instead, one activist, dressed in a full-body monkey suit, had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers: "Thanks for not using real apes (猿)!“
● Why did the animal activists gather on Hollywood Boulevard
To see famous film stars.
To oppose wearing fur coats.
To raise money for animal protection.
To express thanks to some filmmakers.
1.读题干
2.判断题型，划关键词
细节题
3.按关键词定位原文
4.比原文和选项
定答案就在本段
按关键词定位原文
根据高考题题文同序的特点，根据关键词依段落定位查找
1.显眼词：时间/地点/人名/组织机构/大写字母/数字/生僻词/引号
2.实词：词意鲜明的名词（短语），动词，形容词（容易被同义词替代），副词
绝大多数应用文阅读（即A篇阅读），都是直接细节信息类题。应用文一般为广告，旅行指南，活动安排，演出信息，宣传册等。一般结构明显，有大小标题，很容易定位关键词。
4.避免找重复率较高的词，即全篇出现频率高的词
3.做一件具体事情的具象动词或者做的一件事
按关键词定位原文
1.显眼词：时间/地点/人名/组织机构/大写字母/数字/生僻词/引号
(2016全国III) Which tended to be the most e mailed according to Dr Berger's research
(2016全国II)The teacher used Tinkertoys in class in order to ________
(2016全国II)What does Alexander think was the purpose of the 1914 voyage
(2017全国I)Why did UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day
(2017全国II)Why is the Transition unlikely to show up in too many driveways
(2017全国III)In what way was yesterday’s cleanup at the Plaza special
(2018全国I)How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna
(2018全国II)What is the Common Sense Media report probably about
(2018全国II) Where can you find the data that best supports "children are reading a lot less for fun"
(2018全国II)What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci
按关键词定位原文
2.实词：词意鲜明的名词（短语），动词，形容词（容易被同义词替代），副词
(2016全国III)What can people do at the apple events
(2016全国III)What do the classic rules mentioned in the text apply to
(2016全国II)What does Alexander think was the purpose of the 1914 voyage
(2017全国I)What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph
(2017全国II)Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to author at first
(2017全国II) What does a plant do when it is under attack
(2017全国III)In what way was yesterday’s cleanup at the Plaza special
(2019全国I)What made Chris nervous？
(2019全国I)What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard
(2021全国甲)Why are more geniuses known to the public
(2021全国II)What does Craig-Martin think of the teaching of the arts in UK schools
按关键词定位原文
3.做一件具体事情的具象动词或者做的一件事
(2017全国II) What does a plant do when it is under attack
(2018全国II) Why do many parents limit electronic reading
(2021新课标全国I) Why did John put the sludge into the tanks
(2021全国乙)How does the author deal with the challenge as a landscape photographer in the Midwest
(2021全国甲)Who opened the door to philosophy for the author
(2021全国甲)How did Terri avoid losing the deposit on the house she rented
(2022天津)One of the suggested ways to enhance your interpersonal skills is to ________.
(2021全国II)Why did the author bring the tiger cubs home
(2021全国II)Why does Pete Bonds still hire cowboys to watch cattle
(2016全国III)What happened when Welty was with her friends at the café
3.数字计算题
4.网式细节理解题
Part4
1.直接信息题
2.间接信息题
直接信息题
1）一般能在文中直接找到明确的信息，往往只考查文章的个别事实，通常只涉及一两句话的信息。
2）涉及的话题有：广告类，活动安排类，书籍或电影介绍，演出信息等。A篇应用文阅读大多属于直接信息题，一般2道，剩下一道有时会涉及到多段跨行比较信息。所以A阅读较容易掌握，尽量不要丢分。
3）只需定位关键词，带着问题找答案。
(2020全国III) Journey Back in Time with Scholars
Classical Provence（13 days）
Journey through the beautiful countryside of Provence，France，with Prof. Ori Z. Soltes. We will visit some of the best-preserved Roman monuments in the world. Our tour also includes a chance to walk in the footsteps of Van Gogh and Gauguin. Fields of flowers, tile-roofed（瓦屋顶）villages and tasty meals enrich this wonderful experience.
Southern Spain（15 days）
Spain has lovely white towns and the scent（芳香）of oranges, but it is also a treasury of ancient remains including the cities left by the Greeks, Romans and Arabs. As we travel south from Madrid with Prof. Ronald Messier to historic Toledo, Roman Merida and into Andalucia, we explore historical monuments and architecture.
China’s Sacred Landscapes（21 days）
Discover the China of “past ages,” its walled cities, temples and mountain scenery with Prof. Robert Thorp. Highlights（精彩之处）include China’s most sacred peaks at Mount Tai and Hangzbou’s rolling hills, waterways and peaceful temples. We will wander in traditional small towns and end our tour with an exceptional museum in Shanghai.
Tunisia（17 days）
Join Prof. Pedar Foss on our in-depth Tunisian tour. Tour highlights include the Roman city of Dougga, the underground Numidian capital at Bulla Regia, Roman Sbeitla and the remote areas around Tataouine and Matmata, uique for underground cities. Our journey takes us to picturesque Berber villages and lovely beaches.
●What can visitors see in both Classical Provence and Southern Spain
A.Historical monuments.
B. Fields of flowers.
C. Van Gogh’s paintings.
D. Greek buildings.
●Which country is Prof. Thorp most knowledgeable about
A. France. B. Spain.
C. China. D.Tunisia.
●Which of the following highlights the Tunisian tour
White towns.
Underground cities.
C.Tile-roofed villages.
D. Rolling hills.
(2020全国III) Journey Back in Time with Scholars
Classical Provence（13 days）
Journey through the beautiful countryside of Provence，France，with Prof. Ori Z. Soltes. We will visit some of the best-preserved Roman monuments in the world. Our tour also includes a chance to walk in the footsteps of Van Gogh and Gauguin. Fields of flowers, tile-roofed（瓦屋顶）villages and tasty meals enrich this wonderful experience.
Southern Spain（15 days）
Spain has lovely white towns and the scent（芳香）of oranges, but it is also a treasury of ancient remains including the cities left by the Greeks, Romans and Arabs. As we travel south from Madrid with Prof. Ronald Messier to historic Toledo, Roman Merida and into Andalucia, we explore historical monuments and architecture.
China’s Sacred Landscapes（21 days）
Discover the China of “past ages,” its walled cities, temples and mountain scenery with Prof. Robert Thorp. Highlights（精彩之处）include China’s most sacred peaks at Mount Tai and Hangzbou’s rolling hills, waterways and peaceful temples. We will wander in traditional small towns and end our tour with an exceptional museum in Shanghai.
Tunisia（17 days）
Join Prof. Pedar Foss on our in-depth Tunisian tour. Tour highlights include the Roman city of Dougga, the underground Numidian capital at Bulla Regia, Roman Sbeitla and the remote areas around Tataouine and Matmata, uique for underground cities. Our journey takes us to picturesque Berber villages and lovely beaches.
●What can visitors see in both Classical Provence and Southern Spain
A.Historical monuments.
B. Fields of flowers.
C. Van Gogh’s paintings.
D. Greek buildings.
●Which country is Prof. Thorp most knowledgeable about
A. France. B. Spain.
C. China. D.Tunisia.
●Which of the following highlights the Tunisian tour
White towns.
Underground cities.
C.Tile-roofed villages.
D. Rolling hills.
1.快速浏览文章的框架结构
快速浏览文章框架结构，方便定位信息
2.根据题干关键词，快速回到原文定位信息源
题干中找到原文出处，和选项进行信息比对。
●Who would most probably enter for Take a view
A.Writers.
B. Photographer
C. Painters.
D. Tourists.
●What do the works by Shepherd and Smith have in common
A. They are winter images.
B. They are in black and white.
C. They show mountainous scenes.
D. They focus on snow—covered forests.
(2021全国甲)
A Take a view, the Landscape（风景）Photographer of the Year Award, was the idea of Charlie Waite, one of today's most respected landscape photographers. Each year, the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape.Take a view is a desirable annual competition for photographers from all comers of the UK and beyond.
●Who would most probably enter for Take a view
A.Writers.
B. Photographer
C. Painters.
D. Tourists.
●What do the works by Shepherd and Smith have in common
A. They are winter images.
B. They are in black and white.
C. They show mountainous scenes.
D. They focus on snow—covered forests.
(2023全国乙卷)
PRACTITIONERS
●What did Jacqueline and James have in common
A.Doing teaching jobs.
B. Being hired as physicians.
C. Performing surgery.
D. Being banned from medicine.
●Who was the first African American with a medical degree
Jacqueline Felice de Almania.
B. Tan Yunxian.
C. James Barry.
D. Rebecca Lee Crumpler.
●What did Jacqueline and James have in common
A.Doing teaching jobs.
B. Being hired as physicians.
C. Performing surgery.
D. Being banned from medicine.
●Who was the first African American with a medical degree
Jacqueline Felice de Almania.
B. Tan Yunxian.
C. James Barry.
D. Rebecca Lee Crumpler.
(2016全国III卷)
(para1)Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that information is being spread and monitored(监控) in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking people's e mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.
(para3) Researchers analyzing word of mouth communication—e mails, Web posts and reviews, face-to-face conversations—found that it tended to be more positive than negative(消极的), but that didn't necessarily mean people preferred positive news. Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things To test for that possibility, Dr Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times' website. He and a Penn colleague analyzed the “most e mailed” list for six months. One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non science articles. He found that science amazed Times' readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.
●What do the classic rules mentioned in the text apply to
A. News reports. B. Research papers.
C. Private e mails. D. Daily conversations.
●Which tended to be the most e mailed according to Dr Berger's research
A. Sports news. B. Science articles. C. Personal accounts. D. Financial reviews.
(2023全国乙卷)
Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape (风景) can be quite a challenge, mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation.
Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways, sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes. To make some of my landscape shots, I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame. I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way.
● How does the author deal with the challenge as a landscape photographer in the Midwest
A.By teaming up with other photographers.
B.By shooting in the countryside or state parks.
C.By studying the geographical conditions.
D.By creating settings in the corn fields.
无中生有
曲解文意
无中生有
tip: 很多高考题单词
会给出中文意思，很
多时候会在中文所在
的句子设题。
(2023全国甲卷)
I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World. It was full of ideas that were new to me so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy (哲学).
● Who opened the door to philosophy for the author
Foucault. B. Eric Weiner. C. Jostein Gaarder. D. A college teacher.
(2022全国乙卷)
In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N. Y.—Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. The girls had gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff’s granddaughter.
● Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains
A. To teach in a school. B. To study American history.
C. To write a book. D. To do sightseeing.
tip: 很多高考题单词
会给出中文意思，很
多时候会在中文所在
的句子设题。
(2020全国II卷) As a novelist, I’ve found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can’t afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy(盗版行为) and I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.
● What does the author call on other writers to do
A.Sponsor book fairs.
B. Write for social media.
C. Support libraries.
D. Purchase her novels.
无中生有
无中生有
原词复现
无中生有
(2020全国III卷)
Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. "We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders," Dr. Jubilado said. “I could see them actually walking under the sea.“
●Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau
A.They could walk on stilts all day.
B.They had a superb way of fishing.
C. They could stay long underwater.
D. They lived on both land and water.
间接信息题
1）一般无法在文中直接找到明确的信息，隐蔽性较强，正确选项需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行相应的语义转换或进一步地归纳概括。
2）
解题方法
读题干，锁定关键词
扫原文，确定信息区间
1.同义/近义/反义词复现 2.简化原文复杂的表达； 3.正话反说 4.变换语态
(2019全国I卷)
As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric(生物测量)technologies — like fingerprint scans — to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置) that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence (节奏)with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user’s typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people’s identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it’s connected to — regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
●Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard
A. To reduce pressure on keys. B. To improve accuracy in typing.
C. To replace the password system. D. To cut the cost of e-space protection.
曲解文意
曲解文意
无中生有
归纳概括
(2019全国I卷)
In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch” four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.
●What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard
A. It’ll be environment-friendly.
B. It’ll reach consumers soon.
C. It’ll be made of plastics.
D. It’ll help speed up typing.
同义转换
无中生有
Plastic-like,偷梁换柱
无中生有
(2019全国I卷)
In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys（调查研究）. “We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us.”
●What did Dr. Prinstein’s study find about the most liked kids
A.They appeared to be aggressive.
B. They tended to be more adaptable.
C. They enjoyed the highest status.
D. They performed well academically.
同义转换
偷梁换柱
无中生有
无中生有
the least well-liked teens
(2019全国II卷)
Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The micro organisms(微生物)from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem It’s turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. It is depending on NASA HUNCH high school classrooms, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York.
●What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station
A. They are hard to get rid of.
B. They lead to air pollution.
C. They appear in different forms.
D. They damage the instruments.
归纳概括
无中生有
无中生有
无中生有
(2019全国II卷)
“There are no tests,” Gordon says. “There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other than ‘Are you working towards your goal ’ Basically, it’s ‘I’ve got to produce this product and then, at the end of the year, present it to NASA.’ Engineers come and really do an in-person review, and…it’s not a very nice thing at times. It’s a hard business review of your product.”
●What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program
A. Check their product.
B. Guide project designs.
C. Adjust work schedules.
D. Grade their homework.
review检查
同义转换
曲解文意
无中生有
颠倒是非
(2016新课标全国III卷) Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples. To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. Although it doesn't taste of anything special, it's still worth a try, as is the knobbly (多疙瘩的) Cat's Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else.
● What can people do at the apple events
A. Attend experts' lectures. B. Visit fruit- loving families.
C. Plant fruit trees in an orchard. D. Taste many kinds of apples.
(2017全国II)The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV. We were respectful of craft（技艺）and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each other - but always with an underlying affection. Those were also at the core（核心）of our relationship off the screen.
●Why did Paul and the author have a lasting friendship
A. They were of the same age. B. They worked in the same theater.
C. They were both good actors. D. They have similar characteristic.
同义转换
无中生有
无中生有
无中生有
同义转换
简化原文表达
无中生有
曲解文意
曲解文意
(2018新课标全国II卷)
We’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.
What’s the problem It’s possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward and challenging, or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it’s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.
● What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph
A. Addiction to smartphones.
B. Inappropriate behaviors in public places.
C. Absence of communication between strangers.
D. Impatience with slow service.
归纳概括
专注于手机只是“缺乏交流”的一个表现，不是现象
曲解文意
玩手机，沉默这些表现不一定是不正确的
曲解文意
无中生有
数字计算题
1）一般涉及时间、年龄、价格、数量等简单运算，计算量较小，但是要找出计算背后所隐藏的信息；
2）数字计算的体裁有：广告类、科普知识类、史地自然类、文化教育类。设问方式一般有：when, in which year, how
many/much等疑问词开头引出问题。
3)
解题方法
读题干，锁定关键词,寻读原文，标记数字，时间，年代等信息等。
分析题干询问数据与原文数据的逻辑关系
特殊词应注意：decade十年；fortnight两周；off减价；discount折扣；score二十；couple两个；dozen十二；
(2023新高考I卷)
●How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days
A. ?15.75. B. ?19.50. C. ?22.75. D. ?29.50.
14.75+8=22.75
(2018年江苏卷·A)
●How much may they pay if an 11 year old girl and her working parents visit the museum
12.
37.
50.
62.
(2018全国I卷)
At present, the world has about 6 800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages. Often spoken by many people while hot. wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers.Europe has only around 200 Languages: the Americas about 1,000. Africa 2 400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数)of speakers is a mere 6.000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.
●How many languages are spoken by less than 6, 000 people at present
A. About 6 800 B. About 3 400
C. About 2.400 D. About 1-200
(2023浙江卷1月)
Explorers Camp
Full day camp for kids aged 5-13.
Monday-Friday, July 8-26, 9am-4pm.
Week 1 | July 8-12
Week 2 | July 15-19
Week 3 | July 22-26
Register for a single week or multiple weeks.
Fees: $365 per week.
The last day to cancel registration and receive a full refund (退款) is June 15.
Camp Structure
The day is divided into two thematic sessions per age group. Campers have a three-hour morning class engaging with a morning theme (9am to 12 noon) and a one-hour lunch break, followed by another three-hour class engaging with an afternoon theme (1pm to 4pm). Snack periods are held throughout the day. All campers should bring their own bagged lunch and snacks.
●How many hours of class will you have altogether if you register for a single week
A. 15. B. 21. C. 30. D. 42.
这里可知，每周按5天算
one hour不能算进去
(3+3)x5=30
(2022年乙卷·A)
Admission
4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.
●How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission
A. 4. B. 8. C. 12. D. 16.
●____________calories are required to raise the temperature of 5kg of water from 35 ℃ ____to 90 ℃
55 B. 175
325 D. 275
The human body is a living machine, and like all machines, it needs fuel to supply it with energy. That is the food we eat. But how much do we need to stay healthy The energy value of food is usually measured in calories. A calorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1 ℃. The number of calories people need per day is different, as the chart shows……
根据文章细节内容，计算公式为：
(90-35)×5×1=275
网式细节信息题
网式细节理解题要根据原文中的多处信息才能得出答案。因此在解题过程中一定要不厌其烦，题目涉及的细节要一一找出，并对原文进行一一比对，做到万无一失。
Whether you want to broaden your horizons, entertain the family or are simply looking for something to do on a rainy day, a trip to a free museum might be just the ticket.
Science Museum
At the Science Museum, you can enjoy award-winning exhibitions and collections spanning the sciences. From Helen Sharman‘s iconic space suit to Amy Johnson’s Gipsy Moth airplane, explore the extraordinary stories of human achievements and the challenges we have overcome. You can book your free admission ticket on its website.
Natural History Museum
London's world-famous museum is home to over 80 million objects and specimens including plants, creatures, dinosaur fossils, rare bugs and more. Billions of years of natural history is all open to visitors, completely free of charge. You can even get up close to collections made by Charles Darwin.
Discovery Museum
The Discovery Museum offers a great selection of exhibits to the whole family. Here you can stand in awe at the world's first steam turbine-powered ship Turbinia which stands proud in the central hall. It also offers educational workshops and also provides a wealth of online content for virtual learning opportunities. The museum is free of charge.
Victoria and Albert Museum (V&A)
For art and design lovers, the Victoria and Albert Museum is the perfect free-to-visit attraction in Britain's capital. Named after Prince Albert and Queen Victoria, who laid the building's foundation stone in 1899, the V&A has an impressive collection of original masterpieces, contemporary art, architectural marvels and even a fantastic fashion gallery.
As well as dozens of free permanent exhibitions available in-house and online, the V&A also hosts temporary collections and events throughout the year, many of which are also completely free!
(2024九省联考)
23. What do the four museums have in
common
A. They offer free visits.
B. They are world-famous.
C. They show diverse ships.
D. They are in the same city.
(2020全国III卷)
Classical Provence(13 days)
Journey through the beautiful countryside of Provence，France，with Prof. Ori Z. Soltes. We will visit some of the best-preserved Roman monuments in the world. Our tour also includes a chance to walk in the footsteps of Van Gogh and Gauguin. Fields of flowers, tile-roofed（瓦屋顶）villages and tasty meals enrich this wonderful experience.
Southern Spain(15 days)
Spain has lovely white towns and the scent(芳香)of oranges, but it is also a treasury of ancient remains including the cities left by the Greeks, Romans and Arabs. As we travel south from Madrid with Prof. Ronald Messier to historic Toledo, Roman Merida and into Andalucia, we explore historical monuments and architecture.
●What can visitors see in both Classical Provence and Southern Spain
A. Historical monuments. B. Fields of flowers.
C. Van Gogh’s paintings. D. Greek buildings.
以偏概全
以偏概全
以偏概全
(2020全国II卷)
Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.
Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children at the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知) after controlling for differences in parents’ income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.
The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.
●In which aspect do children benefit from puzzle play
A. Building confidence. B. Developing spatial skills.
C. Learning self-control. D. Gaining high-tech knowledge.
无中生有
原文原词
(2021全国甲卷)
Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding (繁育) programme, has welcomed the arrival of a rare black rhino calf (犀牛幼崽). When the tiny creature arrived on January 31, she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve. And officials at Port Lympne were delighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhinos are known for being difficult to breed in captivity (圈养).
Paul Beer, head of rhino section at Port Lympne, said: “Obviously we're all absolutely delighted to welcome another calf to our black rhino family. She's healthy, strong and already eager to play and explore. Her mother, Solio, is a first-time mum and she is doing a fantastic job. It's still a little too cold for them to go out into the open, but as soon as the weather warms up, I have no doubt that the little one will be out and about exploring and playing every day.”
The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild. The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg. His mother, grandmother and great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there.
●What similar experience do Solio and Kisima have
A.They had their first born in January.
B.They enjoyed exploring new places
C. They lived with their grandmothers.
D. They were brought to the reserve young
偷梁换柱
偷梁换柱
曲解文意
无中生有
(2022全国甲卷)
Andrew Reynolds, a cheerful fellow in his early 30s, pilots Sydney ferryboats for a living. I spent the whole morning shuttling back and forth across the harbor. After our third run Andrew shut down the engine, and we went our separate ways — he for a lunch break, I to explore the city.
“I’ll miss these old boats,” he said as we parted.
“How do you mean ” I asked.
“Oh, they’re replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but they’re not so elegant, and they’re not fun to pilot. But that’s progress, I guess.”
●What can we learn about Andrew Reynolds
A. He goes to work by boat. B. He looks forward to a new life.
C. He pilots catamarans well. D. He is attached to the old ferries.
曲解文意
概括总结
无中生有
无中生有
(2023新课标全国I)
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌) Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.
●What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs
A. He was fond of traveling. B. He enjoyed being alone.
C. He had an inquiring mind. D. He longed to be a doctor.
无中生有
无中生有
无中生有
信息概括
(2017年江苏卷)
Increasing Earth’s reflectiveness can cool the planet. In southern Spain the sudden increase of greenhouses(which reflect light back to space) has changed the warming trend locally, and actually cooled the region. While Spain as a whole is heating up quickly, temperatures near the greenhouses have decreased. This example should act as an inspiration for all cities. By painting buildings white, cities may slow down the warming process.
In Peru, local farmers around a mountain with a glacier that has already fallen victim to climate change have begun painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the added reflectiveness will restore the life-giving ice. The outcome is still far from clear. But the World Bank has included the project on its list of "100 ideas to save the planet".
● What do we learn from the Peru example
A. White paint is usually safe for buildings.
B. The global warming trend cannot be stopped.
C. This country is heating up too quickly.
D. Sunlight reflection may relieve global warming.
tip: 很多例证类题目，比如： Why...mention...？ …mention(s)…to show/prove____
What is the purpose of mentioning...
作者举例的目的是为了例证某个观点。往往观点在例
子前面，答案一般往前找。
例子是为了证明前面的观点
(2023全国I卷)
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.
●Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ________.
A. the crowds were relatively small B. there were occasional underestimates
C. individuals did not communicate D. estimates were not fully independent
从更专业的角度来说，群体的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的。
这项研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步划分为允许进行讨论的小组时，这些小组的平均值比同等数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。例如，从四个五人讨论组的估计中获得的平均值明显比从20个独立个体获得的平均值更准确。
也就是说，人们在没有独立的情况下，分成更小群体，平均值是更准确的，说明即使在估计数字并非完全独立的情况下，准确率提高也是可以做到的。
信息概括
答非所问
曲解文意
无中生有
Part5
即时练习
(2021全国乙卷)
During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by the level of distraction(干扰)in his open office, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street — so I can focus”. His comment struck me as strange. After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout(布局). But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.
●Why does the interviewer prefer a coworking space
A.It helps him concentrate.
B.It blocks out background noise.
C. It has a pleasant atmosphere.
D. It encourages face-to-face interactions.
(2021全国I卷)
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat. ●What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America
A. Loss of wetlands.
B. Popularity of water sports.
C. Pollution of rivers.
D. Arrival of other wild animals.
(2021全国I卷)
Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intelligence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.
●What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence
It can be measured by an IQ test.
It helps to exercise a person’s mind.
C. It includes a set of emotional skills.
D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities.
(2021浙江卷)
If you ever get the impression that your dog can "tell" whether you look content or annoyed, you may be onto something. Dogs may indeed be able to distinguish between happy and angry human faces, according to a new study
Researchers trained a group of 11 dogs to distinguish between images(图像)of the same person making either a happy or an angry face. During the training stage, each dog was shown only the upper half or the lower half of the person's face. The researchers then tested the dogs' ability to distinguish between human facial expressions by showing them the other half of the person's face on images totally different from the ones used in training. The researchers found that the dogs were able to pick the angry or happy face by touching a picture of it with their noses more often than one would expect by random chance.
●The new study focused on whether dogs can_________.
A. distinguish shapes B. make sense of human faces
C. feel happy or angry D. communicate with each other
●What can we learn about the study from paragraph 2
A. Researchers tested the dogs in random order. B. Diverse methods were adopted during training.
C. Pictures used in the two stages were different D. The dogs were photographed before the lest.
(2017新课标全国I卷)
A build-it-yourself solar still（蒸馏器） is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, it’s an excellent water collector. Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since it’s all but impossible to find natural substitutes. The only components required, though, are a 5＇ 5＇ sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a container— perhaps just a drinking cup — to catch the water. These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.
To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up — and out — the side of the hole.
Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock. The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides. The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup.
● What’s the last step of constructing a working solar still
A. Dig a hole of a certain size.
B. Put the cup in place.
C. Weight the sheet’s center down.
D. Cover the hole with the plastic sheet.
you
Thank
高考专题复习
阅读理解
---细节理解
01）考情分析
02）设问方式
03）解题步骤
04）常见几种细节理解题型
直接信息 间接信息
数字计算 网式信息
05) 即时练习
content
考情分析
Part 1
年份 2023年 2022年 2021年 2020年
卷名 新高 考1卷 新高考 II卷 全国甲卷 全国乙卷 新高考 1卷 新高考 2卷 全国 甲卷 全国乙卷 新高考I卷 新高考II卷 全国甲卷 全国乙卷 新高考I卷 全国卷1 全国 卷II 全国卷III
事实细节题 6 6 9 5 7 8 5 9 8 11 5 6 8 7 6
7
主旨大意题 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2
3
推理判断题 7 7 5 8 6 4 8 4 5 6 7 7 5 5 5
3
词义猜测题 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2
1
阅读理解中占比最大的题型，约60%，是最重要的得分点，相比其他三
类题型，更易得分。但是对词汇量有要求，如果没有足够的词汇量作基
石，再多的解题技巧只是空谈而已。
考查能力：
识别，提取，分析，概括。近年来细节信息题难度有所增加。
设题顺序：
基本上都是题文同序
设问方式
Part 2
1.特殊疑问句（wh-）类：
以when, what, why, which, who, how, how many/much等疑问词开头引出的问题；
2.判断正误类(较少)：
1).Which of the following is TRUE/FALSE
2).All of the following statements may be true/false except ______.
3). Which of the following is not mentioned in the text
3.填空题类，如：
The teacher used Tinkertoys in class in order to______
The new study focused on whether dogs can________
According to Dr. Wang, the next step of the study is to________.
常针对文中细节提问，常见设题方式如下：
1.What happened when Welty was with her friends at the cafe
2. The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 6 refers to Welty's ________.
3. What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean
4. What is the author's purpose in writing the text
5. What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer
6. Which tended to be the most e mailed according to Dr Berger's research
7. What can be a suitable title for the text
8. Who can help you if you want to have your music produced
9. When will Charlotte Stone perform her songs
10. The teacher used Tinkertoys in class in order to ________
11. Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph
12. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2refer to
13. What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the lasr paragraph
15. How would the author feel about the outcome of the event
A.It’s unexpected. B. It’s beautiful. C. It’s humorous. D. It’s discouraging.
16. What is the government’s attitude to the development of the flying car
A. Cautious B. Favorable. C. Ambiguous. D. Disapproving.
判断下列哪些题是细节信息题？
词义猜测
词义猜测
推理判断
推理判断
主旨大意
推理判断（写作意图）
词义猜测
推理判断
推理判断
推理判断
tip：作者对某一现象的态度，文中某人对某件事的态度，用一个形容词来概括某个人品质，态度，选项一般选形容词来概括的，基本上都是推理判断。
常见干扰项设置方式：
偷梁换柱：偷换文中细小信息，如将A做的事安到B身上；
无中生有：明显不是文章的信息；
答非所问：是原文信息，但不是题干要求的内容；
曲解文意：与原文内容极其相似，只是在某处细节有变动；
正误参半：一部分正确，一部分错误。
以偏概全或以全概偏：是原文信息，但故意增加或减少细节。干扰项中常以always, never, only, all, must, the most, merely, completely, none等绝对的字眼,看到这些字眼格外小心。
颠倒是非：与文章表达的意思完全相反。
正确选项特点：
1.同义替换：对原文的关键词进行同义词替换，比如，换词性，换短语，主被动；
2.信息归纳：用更加精炼的语言来概括原文比较分散或者复杂的信息；
3.原文原词
(2018全国I卷)
In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under 5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she’s been able to put a lot of what she’s leant into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam,14, Finn,13, and Jack, 11.
"We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant," she explains. "I pay 5 for a portion(一份), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we’re not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves. “
● How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna
He buys cooking materials for her.
He prepares food for her kids.
C. He assists her in cooking matters.
D. He invites guest families for her.
干扰项特点1：
偷梁换柱
偷换文中细小信息，比如将A
做的事安到B身上
Susanna
偷换主语
(2020全国I卷)Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact(接触) with the ground at all times. It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
● Why are race walkers conditioned athletes
A. They must run long distances.
B. They are qualified for the marathon.
C. They have to follow special rules.
D. They are good at swinging their legs
tip: but, however, yet这些
表转折的词后面，往往才
是重点。
干扰项特点2：
无中生有
没有提到
没有提到
明显不是文章的信息
(2022年全国乙卷)
However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
● From which of the following is the sugar tax collected
Most alcoholic drinks.
Milk-based drinks.
Fruit juices.
Classic Coke.
干扰项特点3：
答非所问
是原文信息，但不是题干要求的内容
Most alcoholic drinks，Milk-based
Drinks和Fruit juices都有提及，都是免
税的，但是与题干要求无关。
(2017新课标全国III卷)
The film classic The Last Picture Show was the last movie shown in the old theater. Though the movie is 30 years old, most of the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting to say good-be to the old building. Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate. The movie is set in a small town where the only movie theater is preparing to close down.
● Why was The Last Picture Show put on
A. It was an all-time classic.
B. It was about the history of the town.
C. The audience requested it.
D. The theater owner found it suitable.
干扰项特点4：
曲解文意
与原文内容极其相似，只是在某处细节有变动
历史久远，不代表经典
以小镇为背景，而不是关于小镇的历史
tip: 题目由Why提问，
可以在文中找to/in
order to/because/thus/so/
therefore等字眼。
(2020全国III卷) On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation — not to air or to food, but to the ocean. A group of sea-dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers. The Bajau, as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times, they’ve also built houses on stilts(支柱) in coastal waters. “They are simply a stranger to the land," said Redney C. Jubilado, a University of Hawaii researcher who studies the Bajau.
Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines.
They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. "We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders," Dr. Jubilado said. “I could see them actually walking under the sea.
●Where do the Bajau build their houses
A. In valleys. B. Near rivers. C. On the beach. D. Off the coast.
●Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau
A. They could walk on stilts all day. B. They had a superb way of fishing.
C. They could stay long underwater. D. They lived on both land and water.
干扰项特点5：
正误参半
一部分正确，一部分错误
虽然他们居住的地方与水有关，
但是“在河流附近”≠沿海水域
他们住水里，而不是陆地和水里。
(2022 七彩联盟期中Passage A)
China
The Chinese typically only celebrate certain birthdays: the first, 10th, 20th, 30th, etc. The 60th birthday is important to the Chinese because it is seen as completing a full zodiac. Eating Chang Shou Mian on your birthday symbolizes long life you’ll hopefully have. Your loved ones can also wish for a long life.
South Korea
Mi-yeok-guk, a hearty seaweed soup, is usually served as part of breakfast for the beloved birthday boys and girls in Korea. Mothers will also typically eat this soup after childbirth to make up for nutrients during pregnancy, so you’d better pay respect to your mother whenever she cooks this on your birthday because it’s delicious, healthy, and nutritious.
●What do China and South Korea have in common when celebrating birthdays
A. People eat traditional food at birthday parties.
B. People eat specific food to celebrate their birthdays.
C. People eat Chang Shou Mian to wish for longevity on their birthdays.
D. People hold a “bumping” event for children to celebrate their birthdays.
干扰项特点6：
以偏概全/以全概偏
是原文信息，但故意增
加或减少细节
长寿面和Mi-yeok-guk soup只能算
特定的食物，traditional food涵盖
的范围太大。文章也没提到寿星在哪
里庆寿，birthday parties无疑缩小
了范围
(2019全国II卷)
“There are no tests,” Gordon says. “There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other than ‘Are you working towards your goal ’ Basically, it’s ‘I’ve got to produce this product and then, at the end of the year, present it to NASA.’ Engineers come and really do an in-person review, and…it’s not a very nice thing at times. It’s a hard business review of your product.”
●What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program
A. Check their product.
B. Guide project designs.
C. Adjust work schedules.
D. Grade their homework.
review检查
原文中说没有等级作业，这里的表达
完全相反。
干扰项特点7：
颠倒是非
与文章表达的意思完全相反
Part3
解题步骤
读题干
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
Ⅲ
判断题型，划关键词
按关键词定位原文
比原文和选项
(2020全国III卷)
When "Rise of the Planet of the Apes" was first shown to the public last month, a group of excited animal activists gathered on Hollywood Boulevard. But they weren’t there to throw red paint on fur-coat-wearing film stars. Instead, one activist, dressed in a full-body monkey suit, had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers: "Thanks for not using real apes (猿)!“
● Why did the animal activists gather on Hollywood Boulevard
To see famous film stars.
To oppose wearing fur coats.
To raise money for animal protection.
To express thanks to some filmmakers.
1.读题干
2.判断题型，划关键词
细节题
3.按关键词定位原文
4.比原文和选项
定答案就在本段
按关键词定位原文
根据高考题题文同序的特点，根据关键词依段落定位查找
1.显眼词：时间/地点/人名/组织机构/大写字母/数字/生僻词/引号
2.实词：词意鲜明的名词（短语），动词，形容词（容易被同义词替代），副词
绝大多数应用文阅读（即A篇阅读），都是直接细节信息类题。应用文一般为广告，旅行指南，活动安排，演出信息，宣传册等。一般结构明显，有大小标题，很容易定位关键词。
4.避免找重复率较高的词，即全篇出现频率高的词
3.做一件具体事情的具象动词或者做的一件事
按关键词定位原文
1.显眼词：时间/地点/人名/组织机构/大写字母/数字/生僻词/引号
(2016全国III) Which tended to be the most e mailed according to Dr Berger's research
(2016全国II)The teacher used Tinkertoys in class in order to ________
(2016全国II)What does Alexander think was the purpose of the 1914 voyage
(2017全国I)Why did UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day
(2017全国II)Why is the Transition unlikely to show up in too many driveways
(2017全国III)In what way was yesterday’s cleanup at the Plaza special
(2018全国I)How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna
(2018全国II)What is the Common Sense Media report probably about
(2018全国II) Where can you find the data that best supports "children are reading a lot less for fun"
(2018全国II)What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci
按关键词定位原文
2.实词：词意鲜明的名词（短语），动词，形容词（容易被同义词替代），副词
(2016全国III)What can people do at the apple events
(2016全国III)What do the classic rules mentioned in the text apply to
(2016全国II)What does Alexander think was the purpose of the 1914 voyage
(2017全国I)What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph
(2017全国II)Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to author at first
(2017全国II) What does a plant do when it is under attack
(2017全国III)In what way was yesterday’s cleanup at the Plaza special
(2019全国I)What made Chris nervous？
(2019全国I)What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard
(2021全国甲)Why are more geniuses known to the public
(2021全国II)What does Craig-Martin think of the teaching of the arts in UK schools
按关键词定位原文
3.做一件具体事情的具象动词或者做的一件事
(2017全国II) What does a plant do when it is under attack
(2018全国II) Why do many parents limit electronic reading
(2021新课标全国I) Why did John put the sludge into the tanks
(2021全国乙)How does the author deal with the challenge as a landscape photographer in the Midwest
(2021全国甲)Who opened the door to philosophy for the author
(2021全国甲)How did Terri avoid losing the deposit on the house she rented
(2022天津)One of the suggested ways to enhance your interpersonal skills is to ________.
(2021全国II)Why did the author bring the tiger cubs home
(2021全国II)Why does Pete Bonds still hire cowboys to watch cattle
(2016全国III)What happened when Welty was with her friends at the café
3.数字计算题
4.网式细节理解题
Part4
1.直接信息题
2.间接信息题
直接信息题
1）一般能在文中直接找到明确的信息，往往只考查文章的个别事实，通常只涉及一两句话的信息。
2）涉及的话题有：广告类，活动安排类，书籍或电影介绍，演出信息等。A篇应用文阅读大多属于直接信息题，一般2道，剩下一道有时会涉及到多段跨行比较信息。所以A阅读较容易掌握，尽量不要丢分。
3）只需定位关键词，带着问题找答案。
(2020全国III) Journey Back in Time with Scholars
Classical Provence（13 days）
Journey through the beautiful countryside of Provence，France，with Prof. Ori Z. Soltes. We will visit some of the best-preserved Roman monuments in the world. Our tour also includes a chance to walk in the footsteps of Van Gogh and Gauguin. Fields of flowers, tile-roofed（瓦屋顶）villages and tasty meals enrich this wonderful experience.
Southern Spain（15 days）
Spain has lovely white towns and the scent（芳香）of oranges, but it is also a treasury of ancient remains including the cities left by the Greeks, Romans and Arabs. As we travel south from Madrid with Prof. Ronald Messier to historic Toledo, Roman Merida and into Andalucia, we explore historical monuments and architecture.
China’s Sacred Landscapes（21 days）
Discover the China of “past ages,” its walled cities, temples and mountain scenery with Prof. Robert Thorp. Highlights（精彩之处）include China’s most sacred peaks at Mount Tai and Hangzbou’s rolling hills, waterways and peaceful temples. We will wander in traditional small towns and end our tour with an exceptional museum in Shanghai.
Tunisia（17 days）
Join Prof. Pedar Foss on our in-depth Tunisian tour. Tour highlights include the Roman city of Dougga, the underground Numidian capital at Bulla Regia, Roman Sbeitla and the remote areas around Tataouine and Matmata, uique for underground cities. Our journey takes us to picturesque Berber villages and lovely beaches.
●What can visitors see in both Classical Provence and Southern Spain
A.Historical monuments.
B. Fields of flowers.
C. Van Gogh’s paintings.
D. Greek buildings.
●Which country is Prof. Thorp most knowledgeable about
A. France. B. Spain.
C. China. D.Tunisia.
●Which of the following highlights the Tunisian tour
White towns.
Underground cities.
C.Tile-roofed villages.
D. Rolling hills.
(2020全国III) Journey Back in Time with Scholars
Classical Provence（13 days）
Journey through the beautiful countryside of Provence，France，with Prof. Ori Z. Soltes. We will visit some of the best-preserved Roman monuments in the world. Our tour also includes a chance to walk in the footsteps of Van Gogh and Gauguin. Fields of flowers, tile-roofed（瓦屋顶）villages and tasty meals enrich this wonderful experience.
Southern Spain（15 days）
Spain has lovely white towns and the scent（芳香）of oranges, but it is also a treasury of ancient remains including the cities left by the Greeks, Romans and Arabs. As we travel south from Madrid with Prof. Ronald Messier to historic Toledo, Roman Merida and into Andalucia, we explore historical monuments and architecture.
China’s Sacred Landscapes（21 days）
Discover the China of “past ages,” its walled cities, temples and mountain scenery with Prof. Robert Thorp. Highlights（精彩之处）include China’s most sacred peaks at Mount Tai and Hangzbou’s rolling hills, waterways and peaceful temples. We will wander in traditional small towns and end our tour with an exceptional museum in Shanghai.
Tunisia（17 days）
Join Prof. Pedar Foss on our in-depth Tunisian tour. Tour highlights include the Roman city of Dougga, the underground Numidian capital at Bulla Regia, Roman Sbeitla and the remote areas around Tataouine and Matmata, uique for underground cities. Our journey takes us to picturesque Berber villages and lovely beaches.
●What can visitors see in both Classical Provence and Southern Spain
A.Historical monuments.
B. Fields of flowers.
C. Van Gogh’s paintings.
D. Greek buildings.
●Which country is Prof. Thorp most knowledgeable about
A. France. B. Spain.
C. China. D.Tunisia.
●Which of the following highlights the Tunisian tour
White towns.
Underground cities.
C.Tile-roofed villages.
D. Rolling hills.
1.快速浏览文章的框架结构
快速浏览文章框架结构，方便定位信息
2.根据题干关键词，快速回到原文定位信息源
题干中找到原文出处，和选项进行信息比对。
●Who would most probably enter for Take a view
A.Writers.
B. Photographer
C. Painters.
D. Tourists.
●What do the works by Shepherd and Smith have in common
A. They are winter images.
B. They are in black and white.
C. They show mountainous scenes.
D. They focus on snow—covered forests.
(2021全国甲)
A Take a view, the Landscape（风景）Photographer of the Year Award, was the idea of Charlie Waite, one of today's most respected landscape photographers. Each year, the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape.Take a view is a desirable annual competition for photographers from all comers of the UK and beyond.
●Who would most probably enter for Take a view
A.Writers.
B. Photographer
C. Painters.
D. Tourists.
●What do the works by Shepherd and Smith have in common
A. They are winter images.
B. They are in black and white.
C. They show mountainous scenes.
D. They focus on snow—covered forests.
(2023全国乙卷)
PRACTITIONERS
●What did Jacqueline and James have in common
A.Doing teaching jobs.
B. Being hired as physicians.
C. Performing surgery.
D. Being banned from medicine.
●Who was the first African American with a medical degree
Jacqueline Felice de Almania.
B. Tan Yunxian.
C. James Barry.
D. Rebecca Lee Crumpler.
●What did Jacqueline and James have in common
A.Doing teaching jobs.
B. Being hired as physicians.
C. Performing surgery.
D. Being banned from medicine.
●Who was the first African American with a medical degree
Jacqueline Felice de Almania.
B. Tan Yunxian.
C. James Barry.
D. Rebecca Lee Crumpler.
(2016全国III卷)
(para1)Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that information is being spread and monitored(监控) in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking people's e mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.
(para3) Researchers analyzing word of mouth communication—e mails, Web posts and reviews, face-to-face conversations—found that it tended to be more positive than negative(消极的), but that didn't necessarily mean people preferred positive news. Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things To test for that possibility, Dr Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times' website. He and a Penn colleague analyzed the “most e mailed” list for six months. One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non science articles. He found that science amazed Times' readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.
●What do the classic rules mentioned in the text apply to
A. News reports. B. Research papers.
C. Private e mails. D. Daily conversations.
●Which tended to be the most e mailed according to Dr Berger's research
A. Sports news. B. Science articles. C. Personal accounts. D. Financial reviews.
(2023全国乙卷)
Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape (风景) can be quite a challenge, mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation.
Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways, sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes. To make some of my landscape shots, I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame. I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way.
● How does the author deal with the challenge as a landscape photographer in the Midwest
A.By teaming up with other photographers.
B.By shooting in the countryside or state parks.
C.By studying the geographical conditions.
D.By creating settings in the corn fields.
无中生有
曲解文意
无中生有
tip: 很多高考题单词
会给出中文意思，很
多时候会在中文所在
的句子设题。
(2023全国甲卷)
I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World. It was full of ideas that were new to me so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy (哲学).
● Who opened the door to philosophy for the author
Foucault. B. Eric Weiner. C. Jostein Gaarder. D. A college teacher.
(2022全国乙卷)
In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N. Y.—Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. The girls had gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff’s granddaughter.
● Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains
A. To teach in a school. B. To study American history.
C. To write a book. D. To do sightseeing.
tip: 很多高考题单词
会给出中文意思，很
多时候会在中文所在
的句子设题。
(2020全国II卷) As a novelist, I’ve found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can’t afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy(盗版行为) and I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.
● What does the author call on other writers to do
A.Sponsor book fairs.
B. Write for social media.
C. Support libraries.
D. Purchase her novels.
无中生有
无中生有
原词复现
无中生有
(2020全国III卷)
Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. "We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders," Dr. Jubilado said. “I could see them actually walking under the sea.“
●Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau
A.They could walk on stilts all day.
B.They had a superb way of fishing.
C. They could stay long underwater.
D. They lived on both land and water.
间接信息题
1）一般无法在文中直接找到明确的信息，隐蔽性较强，正确选项需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行相应的语义转换或进一步地归纳概括。
2）
解题方法
读题干，锁定关键词
扫原文，确定信息区间
1.同义/近义/反义词复现 2.简化原文复杂的表达； 3.正话反说 4.变换语态
(2019全国I卷)
As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric(生物测量)technologies — like fingerprint scans — to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置) that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence (节奏)with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user’s typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people’s identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it’s connected to — regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
●Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard
A. To reduce pressure on keys. B. To improve accuracy in typing.
C. To replace the password system. D. To cut the cost of e-space protection.
曲解文意
曲解文意
无中生有
归纳概括
(2019全国I卷)
In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch” four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.
●What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard
A. It’ll be environment-friendly.
B. It’ll reach consumers soon.
C. It’ll be made of plastics.
D. It’ll help speed up typing.
同义转换
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Plastic-like,偷梁换柱
无中生有
(2019全国I卷)
In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys（调查研究）. “We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us.”
●What did Dr. Prinstein’s study find about the most liked kids
A.They appeared to be aggressive.
B. They tended to be more adaptable.
C. They enjoyed the highest status.
D. They performed well academically.
同义转换
偷梁换柱
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the least well-liked teens
(2019全国II卷)
Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The micro organisms(微生物)from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem It’s turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. It is depending on NASA HUNCH high school classrooms, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York.
●What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station
A. They are hard to get rid of.
B. They lead to air pollution.
C. They appear in different forms.
D. They damage the instruments.
归纳概括
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(2019全国II卷)
“There are no tests,” Gordon says. “There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other than ‘Are you working towards your goal ’ Basically, it’s ‘I’ve got to produce this product and then, at the end of the year, present it to NASA.’ Engineers come and really do an in-person review, and…it’s not a very nice thing at times. It’s a hard business review of your product.”
●What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program
A. Check their product.
B. Guide project designs.
C. Adjust work schedules.
D. Grade their homework.
review检查
同义转换
曲解文意
无中生有
颠倒是非
(2016新课标全国III卷) Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples. To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. Although it doesn't taste of anything special, it's still worth a try, as is the knobbly (多疙瘩的) Cat's Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else.
● What can people do at the apple events
A. Attend experts' lectures. B. Visit fruit- loving families.
C. Plant fruit trees in an orchard. D. Taste many kinds of apples.
(2017全国II)The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV. We were respectful of craft（技艺）and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each other - but always with an underlying affection. Those were also at the core（核心）of our relationship off the screen.
●Why did Paul and the author have a lasting friendship
A. They were of the same age. B. They worked in the same theater.
C. They were both good actors. D. They have similar characteristic.
同义转换
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同义转换
简化原文表达
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曲解文意
曲解文意
(2018新课标全国II卷)
We’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.
What’s the problem It’s possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward and challenging, or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it’s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.
● What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph
A. Addiction to smartphones.
B. Inappropriate behaviors in public places.
C. Absence of communication between strangers.
D. Impatience with slow service.
归纳概括
专注于手机只是“缺乏交流”的一个表现，不是现象
曲解文意
玩手机，沉默这些表现不一定是不正确的
曲解文意
无中生有
数字计算题
1）一般涉及时间、年龄、价格、数量等简单运算，计算量较小，但是要找出计算背后所隐藏的信息；
2）数字计算的体裁有：广告类、科普知识类、史地自然类、文化教育类。设问方式一般有：when, in which year, how
many/much等疑问词开头引出问题。
3)
解题方法
读题干，锁定关键词,寻读原文，标记数字，时间，年代等信息等。
分析题干询问数据与原文数据的逻辑关系
特殊词应注意：decade十年；fortnight两周；off减价；discount折扣；score二十；couple两个；dozen十二；
(2023新高考I卷)
●How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days
A. ?15.75. B. ?19.50. C. ?22.75. D. ?29.50.
14.75+8=22.75
(2018年江苏卷·A)
●How much may they pay if an 11 year old girl and her working parents visit the museum
12.
37.
50.
62.
(2018全国I卷)
At present, the world has about 6 800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages. Often spoken by many people while hot. wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers.Europe has only around 200 Languages: the Americas about 1,000. Africa 2 400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数)of speakers is a mere 6.000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.
●How many languages are spoken by less than 6, 000 people at present
A. About 6 800 B. About 3 400
C. About 2.400 D. About 1-200
(2023浙江卷1月)
Explorers Camp
Full day camp for kids aged 5-13.
Monday-Friday, July 8-26, 9am-4pm.
Week 1 | July 8-12
Week 2 | July 15-19
Week 3 | July 22-26
Register for a single week or multiple weeks.
Fees: $365 per week.
The last day to cancel registration and receive a full refund (退款) is June 15.
Camp Structure
The day is divided into two thematic sessions per age group. Campers have a three-hour morning class engaging with a morning theme (9am to 12 noon) and a one-hour lunch break, followed by another three-hour class engaging with an afternoon theme (1pm to 4pm). Snack periods are held throughout the day. All campers should bring their own bagged lunch and snacks.
●How many hours of class will you have altogether if you register for a single week
A. 15. B. 21. C. 30. D. 42.
这里可知，每周按5天算
one hour不能算进去
(3+3)x5=30
(2022年乙卷·A)
Admission
4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.
●How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission
A. 4. B. 8. C. 12. D. 16.
●____________calories are required to raise the temperature of 5kg of water from 35 ℃ ____to 90 ℃
55 B. 175
325 D. 275
The human body is a living machine, and like all machines, it needs fuel to supply it with energy. That is the food we eat. But how much do we need to stay healthy The energy value of food is usually measured in calories. A calorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1 ℃. The number of calories people need per day is different, as the chart shows……
根据文章细节内容，计算公式为：
(90-35)×5×1=275
网式细节信息题
网式细节理解题要根据原文中的多处信息才能得出答案。因此在解题过程中一定要不厌其烦，题目涉及的细节要一一找出，并对原文进行一一比对，做到万无一失。
Whether you want to broaden your horizons, entertain the family or are simply looking for something to do on a rainy day, a trip to a free museum might be just the ticket.
Science Museum
At the Science Museum, you can enjoy award-winning exhibitions and collections spanning the sciences. From Helen Sharman‘s iconic space suit to Amy Johnson’s Gipsy Moth airplane, explore the extraordinary stories of human achievements and the challenges we have overcome. You can book your free admission ticket on its website.
Natural History Museum
London's world-famous museum is home to over 80 million objects and specimens including plants, creatures, dinosaur fossils, rare bugs and more. Billions of years of natural history is all open to visitors, completely free of charge. You can even get up close to collections made by Charles Darwin.
Discovery Museum
The Discovery Museum offers a great selection of exhibits to the whole family. Here you can stand in awe at the world's first steam turbine-powered ship Turbinia which stands proud in the central hall. It also offers educational workshops and also provides a wealth of online content for virtual learning opportunities. The museum is free of charge.
Victoria and Albert Museum (V&A)
For art and design lovers, the Victoria and Albert Museum is the perfect free-to-visit attraction in Britain's capital. Named after Prince Albert and Queen Victoria, who laid the building's foundation stone in 1899, the V&A has an impressive collection of original masterpieces, contemporary art, architectural marvels and even a fantastic fashion gallery.
As well as dozens of free permanent exhibitions available in-house and online, the V&A also hosts temporary collections and events throughout the year, many of which are also completely free!
(2024九省联考)
23. What do the four museums have in
common
A. They offer free visits.
B. They are world-famous.
C. They show diverse ships.
D. They are in the same city.
(2020全国III卷)
Classical Provence(13 days)
Journey through the beautiful countryside of Provence，France，with Prof. Ori Z. Soltes. We will visit some of the best-preserved Roman monuments in the world. Our tour also includes a chance to walk in the footsteps of Van Gogh and Gauguin. Fields of flowers, tile-roofed（瓦屋顶）villages and tasty meals enrich this wonderful experience.
Southern Spain(15 days)
Spain has lovely white towns and the scent(芳香)of oranges, but it is also a treasury of ancient remains including the cities left by the Greeks, Romans and Arabs. As we travel south from Madrid with Prof. Ronald Messier to historic Toledo, Roman Merida and into Andalucia, we explore historical monuments and architecture.
●What can visitors see in both Classical Provence and Southern Spain
A. Historical monuments. B. Fields of flowers.
C. Van Gogh’s paintings. D. Greek buildings.
以偏概全
以偏概全
以偏概全
(2020全国II卷)
Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.
Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children at the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知) after controlling for differences in parents’ income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.
The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.
●In which aspect do children benefit from puzzle play
A. Building confidence. B. Developing spatial skills.
C. Learning self-control. D. Gaining high-tech knowledge.
无中生有
原文原词
(2021全国甲卷)
Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding (繁育) programme, has welcomed the arrival of a rare black rhino calf (犀牛幼崽). When the tiny creature arrived on January 31, she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve. And officials at Port Lympne were delighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhinos are known for being difficult to breed in captivity (圈养).
Paul Beer, head of rhino section at Port Lympne, said: “Obviously we're all absolutely delighted to welcome another calf to our black rhino family. She's healthy, strong and already eager to play and explore. Her mother, Solio, is a first-time mum and she is doing a fantastic job. It's still a little too cold for them to go out into the open, but as soon as the weather warms up, I have no doubt that the little one will be out and about exploring and playing every day.”
The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild. The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg. His mother, grandmother and great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there.
●What similar experience do Solio and Kisima have
A.They had their first born in January.
B.They enjoyed exploring new places
C. They lived with their grandmothers.
D. They were brought to the reserve young
偷梁换柱
偷梁换柱
曲解文意
无中生有
(2022全国甲卷)
Andrew Reynolds, a cheerful fellow in his early 30s, pilots Sydney ferryboats for a living. I spent the whole morning shuttling back and forth across the harbor. After our third run Andrew shut down the engine, and we went our separate ways — he for a lunch break, I to explore the city.
“I’ll miss these old boats,” he said as we parted.
“How do you mean ” I asked.
“Oh, they’re replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but they’re not so elegant, and they’re not fun to pilot. But that’s progress, I guess.”
●What can we learn about Andrew Reynolds
A. He goes to work by boat. B. He looks forward to a new life.
C. He pilots catamarans well. D. He is attached to the old ferries.
曲解文意
概括总结
无中生有
无中生有
(2023新课标全国I)
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌) Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.
●What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs
A. He was fond of traveling. B. He enjoyed being alone.
C. He had an inquiring mind. D. He longed to be a doctor.
无中生有
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信息概括
(2017年江苏卷)
Increasing Earth’s reflectiveness can cool the planet. In southern Spain the sudden increase of greenhouses(which reflect light back to space) has changed the warming trend locally, and actually cooled the region. While Spain as a whole is heating up quickly, temperatures near the greenhouses have decreased. This example should act as an inspiration for all cities. By painting buildings white, cities may slow down the warming process.
In Peru, local farmers around a mountain with a glacier that has already fallen victim to climate change have begun painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the added reflectiveness will restore the life-giving ice. The outcome is still far from clear. But the World Bank has included the project on its list of "100 ideas to save the planet".
● What do we learn from the Peru example
A. White paint is usually safe for buildings.
B. The global warming trend cannot be stopped.
C. This country is heating up too quickly.
D. Sunlight reflection may relieve global warming.
tip: 很多例证类题目，比如： Why...mention...？ …mention(s)…to show/prove____
What is the purpose of mentioning...
作者举例的目的是为了例证某个观点。往往观点在例
子前面，答案一般往前找。
例子是为了证明前面的观点
(2023全国I卷)
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.
●Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ________.
A. the crowds were relatively small B. there were occasional underestimates
C. individuals did not communicate D. estimates were not fully independent
从更专业的角度来说，群体的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的。
这项研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步划分为允许进行讨论的小组时，这些小组的平均值比同等数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。例如，从四个五人讨论组的估计中获得的平均值明显比从20个独立个体获得的平均值更准确。
也就是说，人们在没有独立的情况下，分成更小群体，平均值是更准确的，说明即使在估计数字并非完全独立的情况下，准确率提高也是可以做到的。
信息概括
答非所问
曲解文意
无中生有
Part5
即时练习
(2021全国乙卷)
During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by the level of distraction(干扰)in his open office, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street — so I can focus”. His comment struck me as strange. After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout(布局). But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.
●Why does the interviewer prefer a coworking space
A.It helps him concentrate.
B.It blocks out background noise.
C. It has a pleasant atmosphere.
D. It encourages face-to-face interactions.
(2021全国I卷)
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat. ●What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America
A. Loss of wetlands.
B. Popularity of water sports.
C. Pollution of rivers.
D. Arrival of other wild animals.
(2021全国I卷)
Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intelligence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.
●What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence
It can be measured by an IQ test.
It helps to exercise a person’s mind.
C. It includes a set of emotional skills.
D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities.
(2021浙江卷)
If you ever get the impression that your dog can "tell" whether you look content or annoyed, you may be onto something. Dogs may indeed be able to distinguish between happy and angry human faces, according to a new study
Researchers trained a group of 11 dogs to distinguish between images(图像)of the same person making either a happy or an angry face. During the training stage, each dog was shown only the upper half or the lower half of the person's face. The researchers then tested the dogs' ability to distinguish between human facial expressions by showing them the other half of the person's face on images totally different from the ones used in training. The researchers found that the dogs were able to pick the angry or happy face by touching a picture of it with their noses more often than one would expect by random chance.
●The new study focused on whether dogs can_________.
A. distinguish shapes B. make sense of human faces
C. feel happy or angry D. communicate with each other
●What can we learn about the study from paragraph 2
A. Researchers tested the dogs in random order. B. Diverse methods were adopted during training.
C. Pictures used in the two stages were different D. The dogs were photographed before the lest.
(2017新课标全国I卷)
A build-it-yourself solar still（蒸馏器） is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, it’s an excellent water collector. Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since it’s all but impossible to find natural substitutes. The only components required, though, are a 5＇ 5＇ sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a container— perhaps just a drinking cup — to catch the water. These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.
To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up — and out — the side of the hole.
Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock. The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides. The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup.
● What’s the last step of constructing a working solar still
A. Dig a hole of a certain size.
B. Put the cup in place.
C. Weight the sheet’s center down.
D. Cover the hole with the plastic sheet.
you
Thank