2024届高三英语二轮复习阅读理解专题之主旨大意课件(共58张PPT)

(共58张PPT)
How To Get The Main Idea
如何突破主旨大意题
阅读理解专题复习
--Zora
1
考情分析
年份 2023年 2022年 2021年 2020年
卷名 新高 考1卷 新高考 II卷 全国甲卷 全国乙卷 新高考 1卷 新高考 2卷 全国 甲卷 全国乙卷 新高考I卷 新高考II卷 全国甲卷 全国乙卷 新高考I卷 全国卷1 全国 卷II 全国卷III
事实细节题 6 6 9 5 7 8 5 9 8 11 5 6 8 7 6
7
主旨大意题 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2
3
推理判断题 7 7 5 8 6 4 8 4 5 6 7 7 5 5 5
3
词义猜测题 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2
1
几乎每年会涉及至少一道，难度较大，考察学生通篇理解能力，较容易
失分。
近几年的全国卷高考试卷中均有对主旨题目的考查。考查维度主要涉及：1.文章主旨；2.段落主旨；3.文章标题。常见几类语篇类型的文章（说明文、记叙文、议论文）均有涉及主旨题目。
近8年高考题：说明文对主旨类型题目考查频次最多（30次）；记叙文次之（9次）议论文(10次)。说明文多以考查段落主旨、文章主旨、文章标题为主；记叙文多以考查文章主旨、文章标题为主，议论文多以考查文章标题，段落大意，文章主旨为主。
2
设题方式
1. The first paragraph is mainly about ________.
2. What does the author tell us in Paragraph 1
段落大意类设问方式：
标题类设问方式：
1. The best title for the passage might be ________.
2. Which of the following can be the headline for the passage
3. The passage can be entitiled__________.
4.What can be a suitable title for the text
5.What is the best title for the text
文章主旨类设问方式：
1. The main idea of the passage is that ________.
2. What is the passage/text mainly about
3. Which of the following statements can best sum up the passage
4. Which of the following can summarise the main idea of the passage
5. Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage
3
段落大意
1）找准段落的主题句是关键。“主题句定位法”是一种行之有效的方法。主题句常常出现在段首(60%--90%)或段尾处, 有时也在段落中间。在答题时，我们可以：
读段首抓大意
读段中抓大意
读段尾抓大意
2）无明显主题句时高频信息词/细节信息概括
任一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，一个反复出现的
中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文
章的中心。也可以通过细节总结大意。
● What is the paragraph mainly about
A. Ways of experimenting on smoking.
B. Information about smoking
C. Smoking resulting in cancer.
D. Side effects of smoking.
Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show
that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious
and terrible disease (illness), cancer, cigarette smoking also can
cause other health problems. For example, it can give a “smoker’s
cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers
to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible
killer, cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it
Wood that allows light to pass through could lead to a brighter future for
homes and buildings. Berglund also thinks the wood could play a significant
role in the design of solar panels. The semi-transparent material would be
able to keep light longer and give it more time to interact with the conductor,
thus resulting in better solar efficiency. Additionally, substituting the
currently used glass with this new product would help solar energy
manufacturers improve their carbon footprint and lower the cost. They are
now experimenting with ways to scale up the manufacturing process so that
the transparent material is cost-effective to make and easy to use.
● What is the last paragraph mainly about
A. The bright future of the transparent wood.
B. The wood’s role in the design of solar panels.
C. The disadvantages of the currently used glass.
D. Solar energy manufacturers’ carbon footprint.
On the satellite designed by Dana, there is a radar system that would scan
for and find a piece of space junk. Then, thrusters(推进器) would change
the satellite’s orbit so that it could chase down the object. As the satellite
got close to the junk, cameras would keep it on target. At the last minute, a
door that leads to a bulletproof (防弹的) container would open, and then
get the junk swallowed. Finally, when the trash container was full, it would
be lowered toward Earth on a kilometers-long cable and its contents
released into the upper atmosphere, where the space junk would harmlessly
burn up.
● What is this paragraph mainly about
A. How space trash could be used.
B. How Dana designed her satellite.
C. How the satellite would work.
D. How the satellite would be created.
Summary
(1) 主题句在文首 （演绎法写作方式）
开头主题+支撑性细节（举例/解释）
说明文、议论文、新闻报道
(2021全国I) Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional
intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater
interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in
coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from
which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with
its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
● What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence
A.Its appeal to the public.
B.Expectations for future studies.
C. Its practical application.
D. Scientists with new perspectives.
我们希望这种关注将激发人们对情感科学和学术研究的更大兴趣。我们希望在未来的几十年里，科学的进步将为研究人们如何管理自己的生活提供新的视角)”可推知，本段主要谈了对未来关于情商研究的期望。
tip:主题句一般位于转折关系的词----but, yet, however, in fact, actually, indeed等词后面
(2021全国I) Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch
Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two
categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-
others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal
skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then
there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of
power and even dishonorable behavior.
● What is the second paragraph mainly about
A.The classification of the popular.
B. The characteristics of adolescents.
C. The importance of interpersonal skills.
D. The causes of dishonorable behavior.
(2020全国I) The connection between people and plants has long been the
subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A
study conducted in Youngstown，Ohio，for example, discovered that
greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were
shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated
with houseplants.
● What is the first paragraph mainly about
A new study of different plants.
A big fall in crime rates.
Employees from various workplaces.
Benefits from green plants.
tip:主题句一般位于举例子的词：for example, for instance, take ... as an example前面
tip:主题句一般位于表研究成果的词---- 内容show, indicate, find, discover等词后面
If you were planning to buy a television set, the following advertisement
would certainly draw your attention: “Color TV. Only ＄79. Two days sale.
Hurry.” However, when you go to the store ready to buy. You may discover
that they are sold out. But the shop assistant is quick to tell you that he has
another model. A much better set which is “just right for you” It costs ＄395.
This sales method is called “bait and switch”. Buyers are baited with a sales
advertisement, and then they are switched to another more expensive one.
Buying things on sale needs careful consideration of the goods and the
reason for the sale.
● The paragraph is mainly about _________.
A. Buying A TV Set B. A Selling Method
C. Buyer Beware D. TV On Sale
Summary
(2)主题句在文中
例子/问题---主题提出---进一步解释说明
说明文
(2021北京)
Early fifth-century philosopher St．Augustine famously wrote that he
knew what time was unless someone asked him．Albert Einstein added
another wrinkle when he theorized that time varies depending on where
you measure it．Today's state-of-the-art atomic（原子的） clocks have
proven Einstein right．Even advanced physics can't decisively tell us what
time is, because the answer depends on the question you're asking．
● What is the main idea of Paragraph 1？
A. Timekeeping is increasingly related to nature．
B. Everyone can define time on their own terms．
C. The qualities of time vary with how you measure it．
D. Time is a major concern of philosophers and scientists．
Reading is the key to school success and, like any skill it takes practice. A
child learns to walk by practicing until he no longer has to think about how
to put one foot in front of the other. A great athlete practices until he can play
quickly, accurately(精确), without thinking. Tennis players call that “ being”
in the zone.” Educators call it “ automaticity’ (自动).
● The paragraph mainly tells us _______.
A. what automaticity is
B. how accuracy is acquired (获得)
C. how a child learns to walk
D. how an athlete is trained.
(2019嘉兴一模卷) Para.2 Our brain is divided into two parts: the left
hemisphere（大脑半球）and the right hemisphere. The left hemisphere,
linked to logic and analysis, is responsible for the right side of the body. The
right hemisphere, linked to creativity and imagination, controls the left side
of the body. So, people tend to believe lefties are controlled by the right side
of the brain, and are more creative than right-handers. Some also think that
lefties may not be as good as right-handers in mathematics and problem-
solving skills.
● What is the main focus of paragraph 2
A. Skills of solving problems. B. Ways of becoming creative.
C. People’s opinions of left-handers. D. The functions of two hemispheres.
tip:含有 so，therefore, thus, in short, above all, all in all,
conclude, conclusion等词的句子常表示总结或结论，多为主题句。
Summary
(3)主题句在段末
事实依据----层层推理----得出结论(主题)
记叙文，议论文,归纳总结类写作
先表述细节, 后归纳要点结论, 概括主题。　
这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式。
(2020全国III)The creative team behind "Apes" used motion-capture (动作捕捉) technology to create digitalized animals, spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that records an actor’s performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image (图像). In this case, one of a realistic-looking ape.
● What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A.The cost of making "Apes."
B. The creation of digitalized apes.
C. The publicity about “Apes."
D. The performance of real apes.
中心词复现
First,the curriculum needs to be more inclusive and less prejudiced against fathers.For example,social science textbooks and academic journals devote far more attention to mothers than to fathers.A less sexist,more balanced curriculum would help remove the myths that work against strong father-daughter bonds. Second,colleges can make the faculty more aware of how their female students' relationships with their fathers affect their academic performance and mental health.Third,colleges can create more events specifically for fathers and can be more sensitive to fathers'needs.
● What is Paragraph 5 mainly.about
A.Measures that colleges can take.
B.Challenges that colleges may face.
C.Suggestions that fathers should follow.
D.Benefits that college education will bring.
细节概括
细节概括
(2017全国II卷)Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight, bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year. The vehicle-named the Transition – has two seats， four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car. The Transition, which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month, can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air. It flies using a 23-gallon tank of gas and bums 5 gallons per hour in the air. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon.
28. What is the first paragraph mainly about
A. The basic data of the Transition. B. The advantages of flying cars.
C. The potential market for flying cars. D. The designers of the Transition.
Summary
(4)无明显主题句
常见说明文
抓反复出现的高频词，也叫中心词/主题词,关键词
根据细节信息概括
Type The position of the topic sentence
structure
句位导向——“巧定主题句”& “抓准关键词”
开头主题+支撑性细节
（举例/解释）
事实依据----层层推理----得出结论(主题)
细节描写—归纳主题—
进一步解释
No clear topic sentence (Key words/information)
高频词/细节概括
At the beginning
At the end
In the middle
4
文章主旨类
标题概括类
正确标题
错误标题
概括性
针对性
醒目性
标题
概括不够
过渡概括
以事实、细节替代抽象概括的大意
短小精悍，涵盖性强，一般要求能覆盖全文
内容范围要恰当，既不能太大，也不能太小, 精
确性强，不能随意改变语言表意的程度及色彩
新颖，吸引眼球
标题多用短
语(特别是名
词短语)
说明文常见
语篇类型
1.实验/科学研究报告类
2.科技创新/创新理论类
3.现象类
4.问题---解决方法类
1.实验/科学
研究报告类
研究发现/实验结论
研究过程/方法（数据，实验，调查问卷）
研究具体发现
重申结论/专家评议/
成果应用前景/后续研究
研究意义
表研究/成果的词： find，show, discover，study, test, experiment, research, researcher等
并非所有的实验类文本包含以上全部要点，但应涵盖部分要点
较常见主旨大意，标题概括
如何判断：文章围绕一个研究结论或者报告展开，一般第一段能看出体裁
(2022全国甲 ) Goffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skillful at tool use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it. The clear front of the box had a “keyhole” in a geometric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting the correct “key” would let out the nut.
In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. This ability to recognize that a shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an “allocentric frame of reference”. In the experiment, Goffin’s cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job, in most cases, by visual recognition alone. Where trial-and-error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Goffin’s cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in space, similar to two-year-old babies.
The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues (线索), or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.
研究发现
研究过程/方法
后续研究
● Which can be a suitable title for the text
A. Cockatoos: Quick Error Checkers B. Cockatoos: Independent Learners
C. Cockatoos: Clever Signal-Readers D. Cockatoos: Skilful Shape-Sorters
(2020全国I ) According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions（份）, it’s the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.
To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly（表面上）participate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.
Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin.
For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.
The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we’re making decisions. If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “I’ll have what she’s having” effect. However, we’ll adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I’ll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I’ll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can’t I 4
研究发现
研究过程/方法
实验结论
● What is the recent study mainly about
A. Food safety. B. Movie viewership. C. Consumer demand. D. Eating behavior.
2.科技产品/
创新理论类
提出新产品/新理论
产生原因/背景
详细解释运行原理
评议/前景
用途，优缺点
并非所有的科技创新/创新理论类文本包含以上全部要点，但应涵盖部分要点
较常见主旨大意，标题概括
如何判断：文章介绍一个新科技产品（如，无人机，智能手表，3D打印机，透明厕所等比较前沿的科技产品），或者新理论（一个很新奇的想法，理论，科技报告等）
(2019全国I ) As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric （生物测量）technologies — like fingerprint scans — to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device（装置） that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence （节奏）with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user’s typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people’s identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it’s connected to — regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
It also doesn’t require a new type of technology that people aren’t already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.
In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch” four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.
产生原因/背景
提出新产品
详细解释运行原理
评议/前景
(2022全国乙卷 ) Can a small group of drones(无人机)guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施)worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient(高效)across the board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.
提出新理论/产品
优点
评议/前景
● Which is the most suitable title for the text
A. What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones B. How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded
C. What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face D How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways
(2017全国II ) Terrafugia Inc .said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight,bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year. The vehicle-named the Transition – has two seats wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car. The Transition, which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month, can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the flies using a 23-gallon tank of gas and bums 5 gallons per hour in the air. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon.
Around 100 people have already put down a $10,000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show. But don’t expect it to show up in too many driveways. It’s expected to cost $279,000.And it won’t help if you’re stuck in traffic. The car needs a runway.
Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s, according to Robert Mann, an airline industry expert. But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality. The govemment has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly. The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.
Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administration’s decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraft, which are lower than those for pilots of larger planes. Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition, a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet.
● What is the best title for the text
A. Flying Car at Auto Show B. The Transition’s Fist Flight
C.Pilots’Dream Coming True D. Flying Car Closer to Reality
提出新产品
优缺点
评议，前景
(2020全国I ) The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown，Ohio，for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology（MIT）have taken it a step further — changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. ＂We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,＂explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.
One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow（发光）in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano’s team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light, about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by, is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn tree into self-powered street lamps.
In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off ＂switch＂where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.
Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source（电源）— such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway — a lot of energy is lost during transmission（传输）. Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.
提出新理论/产品
产生原因/背景
详细解释运行原理
评议/前景
优点
●Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. Can we grow more glowing plants B. How do we live with glowing plants
C. Could glowing plants replace lamps D. How are glowing plants made pollution-free
3.
现象类
陈述社会现象
产生原因/背景
造成影响/结果
预言、警告、措施
人们的看法
并非所有的社会现象类文本包含以上全部要点，但应涵盖部分要点
较常见主旨大意，标题概括
如何判断：文章阐述一个热点问题或者社会现象，通篇都围绕着这个热点讨论
(2018全国I ) Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.
Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation. the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education. Especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many Languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English,Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.
At present, the world has about 6 800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages. Often spoken by many people while hot. wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers.Europe has only around 200 Languages: the Americas about 1,000. Africa 2 400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数)of speakers is a mere 6.000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.
Already well over 400 of the total of, 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers),Chiapaneco in Mexico(150). Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three)or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.
陈述社会现象
原因
陈述社会现象
陈述社会现象
● What is the main idea of the text
A. New languages will be created. B. Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages
C. Human development results in fewer languages D. Geography determines language evolution.
文章按照时间顺序陈述随着时代发展，很多语言消失的现象，因此不难判断出文章主旨是：the disappearance of languages,不难选出答案是C。
(2019全国II ) Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach’s Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel’s “me” time. And like more Americans, she’s not alone.
A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half (53 percent) have breakfast alone and nearly half (46 percent) have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore，74 percent, according to statistics from the report.
“I prefer to go out and be out. Alone, but together, you know ” Bechtel said, looking up from her book. Bechtel, who works in downtown West Palm Beach, has lunch with coworkers sometimes, but like many of us, too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. “Today, I just wanted some time to myself,” she said.
Just two seats over, Andrew Mazoleny, a local videographer, is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he’s on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction（交流）. “I reflect on how my day’s gone and think about the rest of the week,” he said. “It’s a chance for self-reflection. You return to work recharged and with a plan.”
That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesn’t feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology,” said Laurie Demerit, whose company provided the statistics for the report.
陈述社会现象
现象：两个具体的例子
原因
人们对此现象的看法
● What is the text mainly about
A. The trend of having meals alone. B. The importance of self-reflection.
C. The stress from working overtime. D. The advantage of wireless technology.
(2020全国III ) With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(孤独), more families are choosing to live together.
The doorway to peace and quiet, for Nick Bright at least, leads straight to his mother-in-law, she lives on the ground floor, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters.
Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol — one of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof. They share a front door and a washing machine, but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor.
“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house,” says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in: “We spoke more with Nick because I think it’s a big thing for Nick to live with his mother-in-law.”
And what does Nick think “From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it Yes, I think I would.”
It’s hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising for some time. Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325,000 in 2001 to 419,000 in 2013.
Other varieties of multigenerational family are more common. Some people live with their elderly parents; many more adult children are returning to the family home, if they ever left. It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents, compared with 16% in 1991.The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is thought to be about 1.8 million.
Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted. In India, particularly outside cities, young women are expected to move in with their husband’s family when they get married.
现象：Nick和岳母同住的例子
陈述社会现象
现象：世界其他地方这种现象也很普遍
现象：研究数据表明越来越多家庭多代同住
● What is the text mainly about
A. Lifestyles in different countries. B. Conflicts between generations.
C. A housing problem in Britain. D. A rising trend of living in the UK.
文章第一段陈述了很多家庭选择同住的现象，2-7自然段针对英国人多代同住这个社会热点给出具体例子和数据。因此不难看出这篇文章讲的是多代同住正在成为新趋势。
4.问题
—解决类
问题/问题产生的负面影响
评价/结果
反应/解决办法/
应对措施
并非所有的问题—解决类文本包含以上全部要点，但应涵盖部分要点
较常见主旨大意，标题概括
产生原因的原因
问题+解决方案
具体怎么做的
如何判断：文章中谈论某个问题，或者给人/社会产生困扰麻烦的事件，围绕这个问题，谈论人们具体解决办法和措施。
(2021全国I ) When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory ( 迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
产生问题/背景
问题造成影响
解决办法
结果
●Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A The Federal Duck Stamp Story B. The National Wildlife Refuge System
C. The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl D. The History of Migratory Bird Hunting
(2017全国III ) After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves.
Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.
The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations — major food sources (来源) for the wolf – grew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation (植被), which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park’ s red foxes, and completely drove away the park’ s beavers.
As early as 1966,biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park.They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems.Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.
The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolvers. The U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone.Today,the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone.Elk,deer,and coyote populations are down,while beavers and red fores have made a comeback.The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.
措施
问题
反应/解决办法/应对措施
评价/结果
●What is the text mainly about
A.Wildlife research in the United States. B.Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area.
C.The conflict between farmers and gray wolves. D.The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park.
(2022全国II ) Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.
Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using social networks and taking photos. Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now rising sharply.
That is partly because people are driving more, but Mark Rosekind, the chief of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, said distracted（分心）driving was "only increasing, unfortunately."
"Big change requires big ideas." he said in a speech last month, referring broadly to the need to improve road safety. So to try to change a distinctly modern behavior, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back to an old approach: They want to treat distracted driving like drunk driving.
An idea from lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new device called the Textalyzer. It would work like this: An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity. The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York's hands-free driving laws.
"We need something on the books that can change people's behavior,” said Félix W. Ortiz, who pushed for the state's 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, "people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone."
a
产生问题/背景
Textalyzer运行原理
评价/结果
●What is a suitable title for the text
A. To Drive or Not to Drive Think Before You Start B. Texting and Driving Watch Out for the Textalyzer
C. New York Banning Hand-Held Devices by Drivers. D. The Next Generation Cell Phone: The Textalyzer
(2023浙江) According to the Solar Energy Industry Association, the number of solar panels installed(安装)has grown rapidly in the past decade, and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals. But all of that growth will take up a lot of space, and though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy, few like large solar panels to be installed near them.
Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they haven’t given much thought to what they put under them. Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.
“Solar projects need to be good neighbors,” says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparation and Impact Reductions on the Environment(InSPIRE)project. “They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One of the easiest low-impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators(传粉昆虫).
Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past couple of decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural economy. Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use. Conservation organizations put out pollinator-friendliness guidelines for home gardens, businesses, schools, cities—and now there are guidelines for solar farms.
Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction. “These pollinator-friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything that’s going on in the landscape,” says Macknick.
产生问题/背景
反应/解决办法/应对措施
评价/结果
●Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. Pollinators: To Leave or to Stay B. Solar Energy: Hope for the Future
C. InSPIRE: A Leader in Agriculture D. Solar Farms: A New Development
(2017全国III ) The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.
Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated(隔绝) and inactive.
Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.
These include custom-made navigation(导航) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains: “For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.”
“But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.”
……..
目的
问题/原因
解决办法/应对措施
●What is the best title for the text
A.A new Model Electric Car
B.A Solution to Traffic Problem
C.Driving Service for elders
D.Keeping Older Drivers on the Road
议论文常见语篇类型
话题

论
据

论
据

论
据
作者论点
重申论点/结论
呈现他人观点(正反方)

论
据

论
据

论
据
得出结论
较常见主旨大意，标题概括
较常见主旨大意，标题概括
如何判断：文章就某一个观点展开论述
(2021全国甲) Who is a genius This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us And who are they
In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up It doesn't take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.
Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors( 因 素 )like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”
引出话题：谁是天才？
论述人们对天才的狭隘定义
论述人们对天才的狭隘定义
结论：天才有多种形式
● What is the best title for the text
A. Geniuses Think Alike B. Genius Takes Many Forms C. Genius and Intelligence D. Genius and Luck
(2018全国III) Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.
I found the pre-holidays a good time to encourage young children to donate less-used things, and it worked. Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness. She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund(基金）(our kindergarten daughter is serious about becoming a doctor)
For weeks, I‘ve been thinking of bigger, deeper questions: How do we make it a habit for them And how do we train ourselves to help them live with, need, and use less Yesterday, I sat with my son, Shepherd, determined to test my own theory on this. I decided to play with him with only one toy for as long as it would keep his interest. I expected that one toy would keep his attention for about five minutes, ten minutes, max. I chose a red rubber ball-simple, universally available. We passed it, he tried to put it in his mouth, he tried bouncing it, rolling it, sitting on it, throwing it. It was totally, completely enough for him. Before I knew it an 21 hour had passed and it was time to move on to lunch.
We both became absorbed in the simplicity of playing together. He had my full attention and I had his. My little experiment to find joy in a single object worked for both of us.
● What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Take It or Leave It B. A Lesson from Kids
C. Live More with Less D. The Pleasure of Giving
作者观点
举自己的两个例子来论述观点
得出结论
(2019全国I) During the rosy years of elementary school（小学）, I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.
Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.
Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage（从事）in dangerous and risky behavior. ”
In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys（调查研究）. “We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us.”
Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date — sharing, kindness, openness — carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.
In analyzing his and other research, Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. “Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage,” he said.
引出话题：青少年的受欢迎程度
青少年的受欢迎程度分类
反面论证：两个受欢迎程度处于极端的青少年群体更容易做出危险行为。
正面论证：受人喜欢有更好的社会适应能力，而地位高者则相反。
正面论证：受人喜欢能够建立更好的人际关系。
结论：受人喜欢会产生积极影响
(2019全国I) During the rosy years of elementary school（小学）, I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.
Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.
Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage（从事）in dangerous and risky behavior. ”
In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys（调查研究）. “We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us.”
Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date — sharing, kindness, openness — carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.
In analyzing his and other research, Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. “Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage,” he said.
结论：受人喜欢会产生积极影响
● What is the best title for the text
A.Be Nice — You Won’t Finish Last
B. The Higher the Status, the Better
C. Be the Best — You Can Make It
D. More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness
与人为善，你的运气不会太差的
记叙文
常见语篇类型
人物事迹
事件
点题：主题，背景
进展：事情发展详细介绍
人物事迹
总结评价:抒情、说理、感悟、影响、品质
较常见主旨大意，标题概括
有时文章没有明显的主题，需要自己理解并加以总结
(2022全国甲 )
As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins (企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career (职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. “I just decided I wanted to go,” she says. “I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.”
The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.
● 31. What is the text mainly about
A. A childhood dream. B. An unforgettable experience.
C. Sailing around the world. D. Meeting animals in Antarctica.
点题：主题
细节：人物事迹
总结评价:抒情、说理、感悟、影响、品质
(2020新高考I ) Jennifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her goal of earning a nursing degree. That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn a bachelor’s degree.
Mauer, of Edgar, Wisconsin, grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children. Her dad worked at a job away from the farm, and her mother ran the farm with the kids. After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition（学费）, because there was no extra money set aside for a college education. After graduation, she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling.
Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own. She decided to go back to college to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves: nursing. She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph’s Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids. Jennifer received great support from her family as she worked to earn her degree: Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills, and her 68-year-old mother helped take care of the children at times.
Through it all, she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors. Jennifer sacrificed（牺牲）to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study. “Some nights my heart was breaking to have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers,” she says. However, her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family — and that’s pretty powerful.
● What can we learn from Jennifer’s story
A.Time is money. B. Love breaks down barriers.
C. Hard work pays off. D. Education is the key to success.
点题：主题
细节：人物事迹
总结评价:抒情、说理、感悟、影响、品质
(2021 全国乙) You’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans — between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enterocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse,” a pair of 10- foot-tall plastic waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source（来源）of plastic pollution but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that’s part of Von Wong’s artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.
In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate（说明） a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped（倾倒） from a truck all at once.
Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.
● Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. Artists’ Opinions on Plastic Safety
B. Media Interest in Contemporary Art
C. Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies
D. Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures
点题：主题
细节：人物事迹
愿景
(2018全国I) Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role — showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.
In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under 5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she’s been able to put a lot of what she’s leant into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam,14, Finn,13, and Jack, 11.
"We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant," she explains. "I pay 5 for a portion(一份), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we’re not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves. "
The eight-part series(系列节自), Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV’s Save Money: Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.
With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonight’s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the family’s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.
● What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Keeping Fit by Eating Smart B. Balancing Our Daily Diet
C. Making yourself a Perfect Chef D. Cooking Well for Less
点题：主题
进展：事情发展详细介绍
总结评价:抒情、说理、感悟、影响、品质
(2020全国II) I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.
My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old. It was a dream job and I did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time.
As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and books were our main source(来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.
I always read, using different voices, as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it! It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books.
Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on form generation to generation.
As a novelist, I’ve found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can’t afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy(盗版行为) and I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.
● What can be a suitable title for the text
A.Reading: A Source of Knowledge B. My Idea about Writing
C. Library: A Haven for the Young D. My Love of the Library
点题：主题
细节：我与书的故事
评议：抒情、呼吁
(2021全国II) A British woman who won a S1 million prize after she was named the World's Best Teacher will use the cash to bring inspirational figures into UK schools.
Andria Zafirakou,a north London secondary school teacher, said she wanted to bring about a classroom revolution (变革). “We are going to make a change, ”she said.“I’ve started a project to promote the teaching of the arts in our schools.”
The project results from the difficulties many schools have in getting artists of any sort - whether an up-and-coming local musician or a major movie star - into schools to work with and inspire children.
Zafirakou began the project at Alperton Community School, her place of work for the past twelve years. “I've seen those magic moments when children are talking to someone they are inspired by - their eyes are shining and their faces light up,” she said. “We need artists . more than ever in our schools."
Artist Michael Craig-Martin said: “Andria's brilliant project to bring artists from all fields into direct contact with children is particularly welcome at a time when the arts are being downgraded in schools." It was a mistake to see the arts as unnecessary, he added.
Historian Sir Simon Schama is also a supporter of the project. He said that arts education in schools was not just an add-on. “It is absolutely necessary. The future depends on creativity and creativity depends on the young. What will remain of us when artificial intelligence takes over will be our creativity, and it is our creative spirit, our visionary sense of freshness,that has been our strength for centuries."
● Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A. Bring Artists to Schools B. When Historians Meet Artists
C. Arts Education in Britain D. The World's Best Arts Teacher
点题：主题
展开详述
(2022天津) I’m an 18-year-old pre-medical student, tall and good-looking, with two short story books and quite a number of essays my credit. Why am I singing such praises of myself Just to explain that the attainment of self-pride comes from a great deal of self-love, and to attain it, one must first learn to accept oneself as one is. That was where my struggle began.
Born and raised in Africa，I had always taken my African origin as burden. My self-dislike was further fueled when my family had to relocate to Norway, where I attended a high pared to all the white girls around me, with their golden hair and delicate lips, I ,a black girl, had curly hair and full, red lips. My nose often had a thin sheet of sweat on it, whatever the weather was. I just wanted to bury myself in my shell crying “I’m so different!”
What also contributed to my self-dislike was my occasional stuttering (口吃), which had weakened my self-confidence. It always stood between me and any fine opportunity. I’d taken it as an excuse to avoid any public speaking sessions, and unknowingly let it rule over me.
Fortunately, as I grew older, there came a turning point. One day a white girl caught my eye on the school bus when she suddenly turned back. To my astonishment, she had a thin sheet of sweat on her nose too, and it was in November! “Wow,” I whispered to myself, “this isn’t a genetic(遗传的) disorder after all. It’s perfectly normal.” Days later, my life took an-other twist(转折). Searching the internet for stuttering cures, I accidentally learned that such famous people as Isaac Newton and Winston Churchill also stuttered. I was greatly relieved and then an idea suddenly hit me—if I’m smart, I shouldn’t allow my stuttering to stand between me and my success.
Another boost to my self-confidence came days later as I was watching the news about Oprah Winfrey, the famous talkshow host and writer—she’s black too! Whenever I think of her story and my former dislike of my color, I’m practically filled with shame.
Today, I’ve grown to accept what I am with pride; it simply gives me feeling of uniqueness. The idea of self-love has taken on a whole new meaning for me: there’s always something fantastic about us, and what w need to do is learn to appreciate it.
● What can best summarize the message contained in the passage
A. Pride comes before a fall. B. Where there is a will, there is a way.
C. Self-acceptance is based on the love for oneself. D Self-love is key to the attainment of self