2024年人教版中考英语短文语法填空专练 (3)（含解析）

2024年人教版中考英语短文语法填空专练（3）
题号 一 二 总分
得分
一、短文语法填空：本大题共100小题，共100分。
31.Museums play a big role in our society. They are also 1 important classroom for primary and secondary school students. During holidays, groups of young museum guides 2 (see) everywhere in Changzhou Museum. Since 2011, Changzhou Museum 3 (carry) out more than 100 public training activities for volunteer guides.
In July, 2021, I was chosen 4 (be) a volunteer guide in Changzhou Museum. 5 it was my first time to serve there, I didn't know what to do. Luckily, the teachers there gave many interesting training classes, including "Public Places and Manners", "Red History and Red Culture" and so on. I was deeply touched by the stories of 6 (pioneer) like Qu Qiubai and Zhang Tailei. I was impressed that they had risked 7 (lose) their lives to create a new China.
In the following month, I guided hundreds of tourists and did my job 8 (success). This experience had a great influence 9 me. I know more about my hometown and the meaning of life. I feel 10 (pride) of being a volunteer guide to help more people learn about Changzhou.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
(6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
32. Surrounded (环绕) by mountains and snow, Chinese pianist Lang Lang played "Loving Dream", "Jasmine Flower" and "Goldberg Variations" at the highest railway station in central Switzerland. The show was 1 (warm) welcomed by the audience. What he did helped 2 the cultural exchanges between China and Europe by means of music.
Lang Lang is one of the leading 3 (musician) in the classical music world. Though he put on thousands of shows worldwide, this was his first time to play 4 piano at the top of a snowy mountain. The low temperature. 5 (make) it quite challenging for him. However, playing in a "fairytale-like" environment was a very special experience, according to Lang Lang.
"The piece "Jasmine Flower" 6 (choose) specially for this show, "Lang Lang said, "I played this beautiful piece from my own culture, hoping 7 (draw) the audience's interest in learning more about China through the beauty of Chinese music."
Before Lang Lang played the 8 (three) piece, his fingers became a little cold, 9 he showed no fear of the heavy snow and the thin air. "I hope we will do more cultural exchanges in the future so as to understand each other better and build a 10 (close) relationship between the two countries than before," added Lang Lang.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
(6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
33.
Dancing with the Light
A few years ago，I visited the Classical Gardens of Suzhou.During the visit，my attention was drawn away from the plants，bridges and stones，towards （1） ______ walls of the gardens.Mostly white，some parts of the walls are losing small （2） ______ （ piece） of their covering.This creates space in which light and plants can be （3） ______ （ see）.The walls are not only the boundaries of the gardens，but they also form protected paths that guide you on a trip.
The memory of the white walls stayed with me.I kept （4） ______ （ imagine） how many shadows （影） could be collected by them to dance with the light.This fantastic moment was so lively （5） ______ I came back to explore it with my camera.
Working （6） ______ （ free） with these walls and their marks，I began to feel like collecting all the stories that were painted there.Weather and time have turned these （7） ______ （ amaze） white walls into Chinese landscape paintings.
I （8） ______ （ take） the photos during the month of June，just after the rain.The air was full of small drops of water，showing the light and the color （9） ______ the things around.As color was born out of a dance between light and a body，when photographing in color I found（10） ______ （ I） enjoying a moment of this dance.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
(6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
34.阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
The central African country of Cameroon has a population of 24 million. About 12% of all deaths in this country (1) (cause) by heart disease, but there are only about 50 heart doctors. (2) (luck), things are changing for the better due to wide use of Cardio-Pad, an (3) (invent) by Mr. Puluet.
Mr. Puluet grew up in a small village and (4) (dream) of becoming a doctor when he was little. The idea of Cardio-Pad began (5) he met a doctor working in the city. (6) doctor said that village patients chose to make expensive and (7) (danger) journeys to the city hospitals. Then Mr. Puluet decided (8) (design) a tool for village doctors so that they could send the heart pictures (9) doctors in the city.
His design is a great (10) (succeed). The Cardio-Pad is now being used in five African countries.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
(6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
35.阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
An old gentleman was very unhappy about modern education. In his opinion, young people nowadays were not being taught the (1) (important) of knowing the difference between right and wrong.
One day, he was taking a walk in the park near his home when he saw some young boys (2) (stand) around a small cat. The old gentleman went up (3) the boys and asked them (4) was happening. One of the boys said to him, “We were having a contest. We were telling (5) (lie), and the one who tells the (6) (big) lie gets to keep the cat.”
The old gentleman (7) (think) that this was a good opportunity to teach the boys a (8) (use) lesson, so he said to them, “I ve never told a lie in (9) (I) life.” All at once there was (10) great shout from all the boys, and they said, “You ve won! You can take the cat!”
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
(6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
36. Last winter holiday, I visited a village with only 11 houses. (1) the village was very small, I spent a whole day in it.
The village became popular because (2) Grandpa Huang's hard work. He bought a house there over 30 years (3) , but in 2010 the village was to be pulled down. In order to save the old village, Grandpa Huang painted on the walls of (4) own house and other houses. He painted things that he liked. In the village, there were many paintings of (5) , such as cats and birds. The most popular paintings for visitors were of famous people. One of them was a picture of Andy. He is my (6) singer. I liked him so much that I asked a visitor to (7) a photo of that painting and me. On the ground of the village, Grandpa Huang has painted (8) lot of well-known Chinese sayings. From them, Grandpa Huang learned to live a long and happy (9) .
I really had a good time in the village (10) wished to visit it again.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
(6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
37. Jane is a warm-hearted girl. She is only ten years old, (1) she has big ideas of helping other kids.
Jane took part in a winter camp (2) the age of eight. During her stay in the camp, she went to visit some kids in poor areas. She felt sad that the kids there didn't have new clothes to (3) and toys to play with. After she returned home, she kept thinking about (4) to do to help those kids.
One morning Jane saw some elder kids selling lemon juice by the street. They wanted to raise (5) to help their friends. Then she came up with an (6) .
With the help of her mother, Jane (7) up her first lemonade stand (摊档). In a week, it made $52. Although it was only a (8) money, she helped 12 kids with it! She felt very excited when she saws smiles on (9) faces.
After that, her mother helped her start a program called Jane's Lemonade for Love. Up till now, she has already raised (10) than $17,000! She is going to spend the money on clothes, toys and books for the poor kids.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
(6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
38. Last summer I got the chance to spend a month helping out in a hospital in Africa. I had one year left at school, and I was (1) (interest) in studying medicine at university.
It was a month that changed my life. I (2) (introduce) to a world that is very different to mine in so many ways. I was shocked at how poor so many (3) (family) over there are and how difficult their lives can be. But I was also surprised at how positively people spend (4) (they) daily lives. The way they come together and help each other is a real inspiration, and something I think a lot of us here in the UK have forgotten. I think many of us don't realize (5) lucky we are. My work in the hospital was hard. Not only did I spend a lot of time cleaning floors, but (6) I got to spend some time looking after the patients. And I got the chance (7) (talk) to some doctors and ask them about the job. I saw some truly awful things in the hospital, (8) none of them changed my mind about being a doctor. (9) fact, they only made me more determined to do medicine!
When I finish, I know (10) I' m going to do: I want to work for an international organization like the Red Cross. I can't wait to get started.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
(6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
39. How many backpacks have you owned since you went to school Backpacks (1) (become) common and popular among students in the past 30 years. If your backpacks become old, will you just treat them as rubbish and throw them away Five years ago, a research (2) (show) that 85% of the old backpacks ended up in rubbish. But as we know, most backpacks are produced from different (3) (material). If we throw them away, they will be harmful (4) our environment.
Although some of the old backpacks are no longer of their right color or size, there are still many things you can do with them. Here are some (5) (use) ways for you. For example, do you feel it difficult to find (6) (you) tools in the house You can solve this problem by (7) (make) use of your old backpacks to store all kinds of tools. Also, it is (8) wonderful idea that you can put your old backpacks online for sale. Besides, offering your backpacks to other poor kids is another good choice, as those old backpacks may make their life (9) (convenient) than before.
All in all, old backpacks are still of great value as long as we put them into use (10) (wise). Remember: rubbish can be turned into treasures!
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
(6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
40. Where I'm from, were pretty relaxed about time. We don't like to rush around, so we (1) (mind) if people are a little late sometimes. If you tell a friend you're going to their house for dinner, it's OK if you arrive a bit late. We (2) (real) enjoy our time slowly. We (3) (valuable) the time we spend with our family and friends in our everyday lives. We often just drop by our friends' homes if we have time. (4) (besides), we don't usually have to make plans to meet our friends. We often just walk around the town center, seeing as many of our friends as we can!
In Switzerland, it's very important (5) (is) on time. We're the capital of clocks and watches, after all! If someone invites you to meet him or her at noon, then you (6) (expect) to be there at noon. If you're even 15 minutes late, (7) (you) friend may get mad. So I make an (8) (effort) to be on time when I meet my friends. I always leave the house early to avoid heavy traffic because I think it's impolite to keep others (9) (wait). Also, we never visit a friend's house without calling (10) (one). We almost always make plans to see friends. We usually plan to do something interesting, or go somewhere together.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
(6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
31.【答案】【小题1】
an
【小题2】
are seen
【小题3】
has carried
【小题4】
to be
【小题5】
Because/As
【小题6】
pioneers
【小题7】
losing
【小题8】
successfully
【小题9】
on
【小题10】
proud
【解析】1. 句意：它们也是中小学生的重要教室。此处泛指一个教室，“important”首字母发元音音素，故填an。
2. 句意：假日期间，常州博物馆里随处可见一群群年轻的导游。本句主语是动作的承受者，时态是一般现在时，故填are seen。
3. 句意：自2011年以来，常州博物馆开展了100余次志愿者导游公共培训活动。分析句子可知，空处应填动词作谓语；根据“Since 2011”可知，时态应使用现在完成时，主语是第三人称单数，故填has carried。
4. 句意：2021年7月，我被选为常州博物馆的志愿者导游。be chosen to be“被选为……”，为固定短语。故填to be。
5. 句意：因为这是我第一次在那里服务，我不知道该怎么办。分析句子可知，“it was my first time to serve there”是“I didn't know what to do”的原因，用because/as引导原因状语从句。句首需大写首字母。故填Because/As。
6. 句意：我被瞿秋白、张太雷等先驱者的故事深深打动了。根据“like Qu Qiubai and Zhang Tailei”可知，此处应使用名词复数形式，故填pioneers。
7. 句意：我对他们冒着失去生命的危险创建新中国印象深刻。risk doing“冒险做某事”，为固定短语。故填losing。
8. 句意：在接下来的一个月里，我带领了数百名游客，并顺利完成了我的工作。此处在句中修饰动词，用副词形式，故填successfully。
9. 句意：这段经历对我影响很大。have a/an+adj+influence on“对……有……的影响”，为固定短语，故填on。
10. 句意：我很自豪能成为一名志愿者导游，帮助更多的人了解常州。feel proud of“感到骄傲”，为固定短语。故填proud。
32.【答案】【小题1】
warmly
【小题2】
with
【小题3】
musicians
【小题4】
the
【小题5】
made
【小题6】
was chosen
【小题7】
to draw
【小题8】
third
【小题9】
but/yet
【小题10】
closer
【解析】1. 句意：演出受到观众的热烈欢迎。根据welcomed可知，副词修饰动词，warmly符合句意。故填warmly。
2. 句意：他所做的一切都有助于通过音乐促进中欧之间的文化交流。根据helped可知，help with sth“在某方面帮助……”。故填with。
3. 句意：郎朗是古典音乐界的主要音乐家之一。根据one of可知，需要名词复数。故填musicians。
4. 句意：虽然他在世界各地举办了数千场演出，但这是他第一次在雪山之巅弹钢琴。play the piano“弹钢琴”。故填the。
5. 句意：低温对他来说很有挑战性。根据However, playing in a "fairytale-like" environment was a very special experience, according to Lang Lang,可知，句子时态是一般过去时，made符合句意。故填made。
6. 句意：《茉莉花》是专门为这次展览挑选的。根据The piece可知，与谓语动词choose是被动关系，因此是含有一般过去时的被动语态，was chosen符合句意。故填was chosen。
7. 句意：我演奏了这首来自我自己文化的优美曲子，希望通过中国音乐的美来吸引听众更多地了解中国。hope to do（希望做某事）。故填to draw。
8. 句意：在朗朗演奏第三首之前，他的手指有点冷，但他并不害怕大雪和稀薄的空气。根据piece和全文内容可知，弹奏第三首曲子，需要序数词。故填third。
9. 句意：在朗朗演奏第三首之前，他的手指有点冷，但他并不害怕大雪和稀薄的空气。根据he showed no fear of the heavy snow and the thin air.可知，与前文构成转折，but/yet符合句意。故填but/yet。
10. 句意：我希望我们今后能进行更多的文化交流，以便更好地相互了解，使两国关系比以前更加密切。根据than before可知，需要比较级，closer符合句意。故填closer。
33.【答案】【小题1】
the
【小题2】
pieces
【小题3】
seen
【小题4】
imagining
【小题5】
that
【小题6】
freely
【小题7】
amazing
【小题8】
took
【小题9】
of
【小题10】
myself
【解析】1. 句意：在参观期间，我的注意力从植物、桥梁和石头上转移到了花园的墙壁上。根据"walls of the gardens."（花园的墙壁）可知此处是特指花园的墙壁，应用定冠词the，故填the。
2. 句意：大部分墙壁是白色的，有些部分正在失去小块的覆盖物。piece"块"，可数名词，此处应用复数表示泛指，故填pieces。
3. 句意：这创造了可以看到光线和植物的空间。see是动词，根据"can be"可知是含有情态动词can的被动语态can be done，故填seen。
4. 句意：我一直在想象，它们能收集多少影子，与光共舞。keep doing sth"一直做某事"，为固定短语，故填imagining。
5. 句意：这个奇妙的时刻是如此的生动，以至于我带着相机回来探索它。根据"so lively...I came back to explore it with my camera."（这个奇妙的时刻是如此的生动，以至于我带着相机回来探索它。）可知此处是so...that"如此……以至于……"引导的结果状语从句，故填that。
6. 句意：在这些墙壁和它们的标记上自由地工作，我开始想收集所有画在那里的故事。free是形容词，此处修饰动词应用副词freely，故填freely。
7. 句意：天气和时间把这些令人惊叹的白墙变成了中国山水画。空后是名词，所以此处应用形容词amazing"令人惊奇的"修饰物，故填amazing。
8. 句意：这些照片是我在六月雨后拍摄的。take是动词，根据语境和后句可知，本句是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填took。
9. 句意：空气中充满了小水滴，显示出周围事物的光和颜色。根据"the color...the things around"（显示出周围事物的光和颜色）可知是指周围事物的颜色，应用of所有格，表示"……的"，故填of。
10. 句意：因为色彩是光与身体之间的舞蹈而产生的，所以当我拍摄彩色照片时，我发现自己在享受这种舞蹈的时刻。根据 I found（10） ______ （I） enjoying a moment of this dance.（我发现自己在享受这种舞蹈的时刻。）可知主语是I，所以宾语应该用反身代词myself，故填myself。
34.【答案】【小题1】
are caused
【小题2】
Luckily
【小题3】
invention
【小题4】
dreamed/dreamt
【小题5】
when
【小题6】
The
【小题7】
dangerous
【小题8】
to design
【小题9】
to
【小题10】
success
【解析】1.
分析句子结构可知，空处在第一个分句中作谓语。此处讲述的是客观事实，所以应用一般现在时；主语About 12% of all deaths和动词cause之间是动宾关系，所以此处应用被动语态；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也应用复数形式。故填are caused。
2.
句意：幸运的是，由于Puluet先生的发明Cardio-Pad的广泛使用，情况正在好转。空处修饰空后整个句子，应用副词形式，在句首首字母要大写，故填Luckily。
3.
句意见上题。根据句意和空前的“an”可知，空处应用名词形式。此处表示“一个发明”，故填invention。
4.
and连接两个并列的谓语动词，其形式应保持一致。根据上文中的“grew”可知，空处应用dream的过去式。故填dreamed/dreamt。
5.
句意：当他遇到一个在城市里工作的医生时，他开始有了有关Cardio-Pad的想法。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，空处引导一个时间状语从句，且表示“当……时”的含义，所以应用when引导从句。故填when。
6.
根据The idea of Cardio-Pad began (5) he met a doctor working in the city.可知，此处特指上文提到的医生，所以应用定冠词the。句首首字母大写。故填The。
7.
根据and前的“expensive”和空后名词journeys可知，空处应用形容词修饰名词。danger名词，危险，其形容词为dangerous，故填dangerous。
8.
decide to do sth.是固定用法，意为“决定做某事”。design动词，设计，故填to design。
9.
send sth. to sb.是固定搭配，意为“给某人发送某物”。故填to。
10. 句意：他的设计非常成功。根据句意和空前的“a great”可知，空处应用succeed的名词形式，意为“一个非常成功的事物”。故填success。
35.【答案】【小题1】
importance
【小题2】
standing
【小题3】
to
【小题4】
what
【小题5】
lies
【小题6】
biggest
【小题7】
thought
【小题8】
useful
【小题9】
my
【小题10】
a
【解析】1. important重要的，形容词，根据空前的“the”和空后的“of”可知，空处应用名词。也可将the importance of看作固定短语，意为“……的重要性”。
2. 句意：一天，他在家附近的公园里散步时看到几个小男孩正围着一只小猫站着。分析句子结构可知，空处应用非谓语动词。根据句意可知，此处表示“看见某人正在做某事”。see sb. doing sth.是固定用法，意为“看到某人正在做某事”。stand站立，动词，此处应用stand的现在分词形式standing。
3. 句意：老先生走到孩子们跟前，问他们发生了什么。go up to为固定搭配，意为“走向”。
4. 句意：老先生走到孩子们跟前，问他们发生了什么。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句且在从句中作主语，表示“什么”的含义，故应用what引导从句。
5. 句意：我们在编谎话，谁说了最大的谎谁就能得到这只猫。lie在此处作宾语，意为“谎言，谎话”，为可数名词，主语是we，意思是我们都在说谎，用复数lies。tell lies说谎，固定短语。
6. 句意：我们在编谎话，谁说了最大的谎谁就能得到这只猫。根据the one who tells the (6) (big) lie gets to keep the cat.”，可知说了最大的谎言的那个人能得到这只猫。此处应用最高级形式，修饰lie。big大的，形容词，最高级为biggest
7. 分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语。根据全文时态可知，本文描述的是过去发生的事情，故此处也应用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。think认为，动词，过去式为thought。
8. use使用，动词，分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作定语修饰名词lesson，应用形容词useful。
9. I我，人称代词主格，空处在句中作定语修饰名词life，应用形容词性物主代词my。
10. 本句是there be句型，shout在句中作主语，意为“喊叫声”，为可数名词。此处泛指“一声大喊”，且great的发音以辅音音素开头，故空处应用不定冠词a。
36.【答案】【小题1】
Although/Though
【小题2】
of
【小题3】
ago
【小题4】
his
【小题5】
animals
【小题6】
favourite
【小题7】
take
【小题8】
a
【小题9】
life
【小题10】
and
【解析】1. 句意：尽管村庄很小。根据the village was very small和I spent a whole day in it.之间的关系，可知是尽管村庄很小，但是我在那里玩了一整天；故填Although/Though。
2. 句意：因为黄爷爷的努力工作。根据The village became popular because 2__ Grandpa Huang's hard work.可知是因为，because 后接从句，because of后接短语或单词，根据Grandpa Huang's hard work，可知用because of；故填of。
3. 句意：30多年前他买了那儿的一个房子。根据He bought a house there over 30 years可知是30多年前，ago以前，时间段+ago 多久以前；故填ago。
4. 句意：黄爷爷在他自己和别人的房子的墙上画画。根据one's own sth某人自己的某物，Grandpa Huang可知是his；故填his。
5. 句意：有许多动物的画。根据such as cats and birds可知是animal动物，根据many可知用复数；故填animals。
6. 句意：他是我最喜欢的歌手。根据one’s favourite某人最喜欢的，和 I liked him so much可知是favourite最喜欢的；故填 favourite。
7. 句意：我如此的喜欢他，以至于我让一个游客拍了那个画和我的照片。根据I liked him so much that I asked a visitor to 7__ a photo of that painting and me.和take a photo of拍……的照片；故填take。
8. 句意：黄爷爷也涂画了许多中国著名的谚语。根据上文画很多画，和a lot of许多；故填a。
9. 句意：黄爷爷也学会幸福长寿的生活。live a … life“过着……生活”；故填life。
10. 句意：在村庄里我真的玩得很高兴，希望再次参观它。根据I really had a good time in the village 和 wished to visit it again.之间是递进关系，所以用and；故填and。
37.【答案】【小题1】
but
【小题2】
at
【小题3】
wear
【小题4】
what
【小题5】
money
【小题6】
idea
【小题7】
set
【小题8】
little
【小题9】
their
【小题10】
more
【解析】1.
句意：她只有十岁，但她有帮助其他孩子的伟大想法。空前讲“她只有十岁”，空后讲“她有帮助其他孩子的伟大想法”，前后句意出现转折，用but表转折。故答案为but。
2.
句意：简八岁时参加了一个冬令营。根据空后“the age of eight”可知此处用at the age of ... 表示“在……岁时”，是固定搭配。故答案为at。
3.
句意：孩子们没有新衣服穿，没有玩具玩，她感到很伤心。分析句子结构可知此处用动词不定式作后置定语，结合空前“new clothes to ____”可推出是要穿的新衣服，用动词wear表示“穿”，与前面的to构成不定式。故答案为wear。
4.
句意：回家后，她一直在想该做些什么来帮助那些孩子。根据句意“她一直在想该做____来帮助那些孩子”可推出此处用what表示“什么”，此处是说该做些什么，what作do的宾语。故答案为what。
5.
句意：他们想筹集资金来帮助他们的朋友。结合题干中“raise ____ to help their friends”可推出此处用raise money表示“筹钱”，是固定搭配。故答案为money。
6.
句意：然后她想出了一个主意。上文讲到她在想该做什么来帮助那些孩子，结合空前“came up with”可推出是想出一个主意，再由不定冠词an可知要填一个以元音音素开头的名词单数，由此可推出要用idea表示“主意”。故答案为idea。
7.
句意：在妈妈的帮助下，简摆起了自己的第一个柠檬水摊。根据题干中“her first lemonade stand”可推出此处是说建路边摊，结合空后“up”可知要用set up表示“建立”。故答案为set。
8.
句意：虽然只是一点钱，她却用这笔钱帮助了12个孩子！根据题干中“ Although it was only a ____ money”可知句子是让步关系，由此可推出只是一点钱却帮了12个孩子，money是不可数名词，此处用a little表示“一点”。故答案为little。
9.
句意：当她看到他们脸上的笑容时，她感到非常兴奋。根据上文“she helped 12 kids with it”可知此处是说孩子们脸上的笑容，用their表示“他们的”。故答案为their。
10.
句意：到目前为止，她已经筹集了超过17000美元！根据题干中"has already raised”可知此处强调筹钱之多，结合空后“than”可推出要用more than表示“多于”。故答案为more。
38.【答案】【小题1】
interested
【小题2】
was introduced
【小题3】
families
【小题4】
their
【小题5】
how
【小题6】
also
【小题7】
to talk
【小题8】
but
【小题9】
In
【小题10】
what
【解析】1. interest使感兴趣，动词。结合was可知，此处要填入形容词作表语。interesting有趣的，形容词，修饰物；interested感兴趣的，形容词，修饰人。此处主语I指人，所以应用interested。be interested in对……感兴趣，固定短语。故填interested。
2. introduce介绍，动词。结合句子，此处主语I和动词introduce之间为被动关系，表示“我被介绍到一个在很多方面都与我的世界非常不同的世界”，所以此处用被动语态。再由前句中的was可知，此处句子时态为一般过去时。一般过去时被动语态形式为“was/were+动词的过去分词”。主语是I，be动词用was，introduce的过去分词为introduced。故填was introduced。
3.
family家庭，可数名词，结合many（许多的）可知，此处要用其复数形式families。故填families。
4.
they他们，人称代词主格。分析句子可知，此处要填入形容词性物主代词作定语修饰名词lives，表示“他们的日常生活”。their他们的，形容词性物主代词。故填their。
5. 结合句子，don't realize后接宾语从句，从句不缺成分，而将形容词lucky（幸运的）提前，所以此处为了强调“我们是多么的幸运”，因此此处用how引导从句，修饰形容词lucky，来加强语气。故填how。
6. 结合Not only...和but可知，not only...but also...不仅......而且......，固定用法，此处表示“我不仅花了很多时间清洁地板，而且还花了一些时间照顾病人”。故填also。
7.
talk谈论，动词。分析句子可知，此处要填入动词talk的不定式形式作后置定语修饰名词chance（机会），表示“我获得和医生聊天并问他们关于这份工作的机会”。故填to talk。
8. 结合前后句，“I saw some truly awful things in the hospital我在医院里看到了一些非常可怕的事情”以及“none of them changed my mind about being a doctor这些都没有改变我想当医生的想法”可知，前后句之间为转折的关系，所以应用but连接句子。but但是，连词。故填but。
9. 结合fact可知，in fact事实上，固定短语，此处表示“其实，它们只会让我更坚定地做医学”。注意句首首字母大写。故填In。
10. 分析句子可知，I know后接宾语从句，设空处为宾语从句的引导词。从句中谓语动词do（做）缺少宾语，所以用what（什么）引导宾语从句，表示“我知道我要做什么”。故填what。
39.【答案】【小题1】
have become
【小题2】
showed
【小题3】
materials
【小题4】
to
【小题5】
useful
【小题6】
your
【小题7】
making
【小题8】
a
【小题9】
more convenient
【小题10】
wisely
【解析】1. 考查动词。句意：在过去的30年里，背包已经在学生中变得普遍和受欢迎。题干关键信息是in the past 30 years（在过去的30年里），是现在完成时态的标志词，表谓语动词动作从30年前持续到现在，表“已经变得”。故填have become。
2. 考查动词。句意：五年前，一项研究显示，85%的旧背包最终变成了垃圾。题干关键信息是five years ago（5年前），表谓语动词动作发生在过去，因此设空处应用一般过去时态。故填showed。
3. 考查名词。句意：但是正如我们所知，大多数背包是用不同的材料制作的。根据语境，这里指不同种类的材料，是可数名词，因此设空处应用其复数形式。故填materials。
4. 考查介词。句意：如果我们把它们扔掉，它们会对我们的环境有害。根据语境，题干考查固定搭配be harmful to表“对……有害”。故填to。
5. 考查形容词。句意：这里有一些对你有用的方法。根据语境，设空处应用形容词修饰ways，表有用的方法。故填useful。
6. 考查代词。句意：例如，你觉得在房子里很难找到你的工具吗？根据语境，这里指你的工具，设空处应用形容词性物主代词，来修饰名词tools。故填your。
7. 考查动词。句意：你可以通过利用你的旧背包来储存各种工具来解决这个问题。根据语境，题干考查by doing结构，表通过……方式，作方式状语。故填making。
8. 考查冠词。句意：此外，你可以把你的旧背包放在网上出售，这是一个很棒的主意。根据语境，设空处表一个很棒的主意，idea（主意、想法）是可数名词，因此设空处应用不定冠词修饰。故填a。
9. 考查形容词。句意：此外，把你的背包提供给其他贫穷的孩子是另一个很好的选择，因为那些旧的背包可能会使他们的生活比以前更方便。题干关键信息是than，是比较级的标志词；根据语境，这里表使他们的生活比以前更方便，是固定结构make sb/sth+形容词，因此设空处应用形容词的比较级形式。故填more convenient。
10. 考查副词。句意：总之，只要我们明智地使用旧背包，它们仍然是很有价值的。分析句式，设空处应用副词形式，修饰其前的谓语put them into use（使用），表明智地使用。故填wisely。
40.【答案】【小题1】
don't mind/do not mind
【小题2】
really
【小题3】
value
【小题4】
Besides
【小题5】
to be
【小题6】
are expected
【小题7】
your
【小题8】
effort
【小题9】
waiting
【小题10】
first
【解析】1. 句意：我们不喜欢匆匆忙忙的，所以我们不介意别人有时迟到一点。根据“If you tell a friend you're going to their house for dinner, it's OK if you arrive a bit late.”，可知我们不介意别人有时迟到一点，所以此句应为否定句；又因为全文是用一般现在时，所以该句用一般现在时的否定形式，主语为we，否定句加don't，后跟动词原形，故填don't mind/do not mind。
2. 句意：我们真地是慢慢地享受我们的时间。提示词real真正的，是形容词，在句中修饰动词enjoy，所以应用副词形式，real的副词为really，故填really。
3. 句意：我们珍惜与家人和朋友在日常生活中度过的时光。分析句子结构此处缺少谓语动词，valuable有价值的，是形容词，动词形式为value；根据全文可知是一般现在时，主语为we，所以谓语动词要用动词原形，故填value。
4.
句意：此外，我们通常不必计划去见我们的朋友。besides 表示“除此之外”时，一般放在句首，首字母大写，并用逗号和后面句子隔开，故填Besides。
5. 句意：在瑞士，准时是非常重要的。句型It's+ adj.+to do sth.，意为“做某事是……”，提示词is的原形是be，根据句意，故填to be。
6.
句意：如果有人邀请你中午见他或她，那么你就被期望在中午到那里。根据句意此处是指“你被期望在中午到那里”，be expected to do sth.(某人)被期望做某事，主语为you，且为一般现在时，所以be动词用are，故填are expected。
7. 句意：如果你迟到了15分钟，你的朋友可能会生气。此空要修饰名词friend，所以应用形容词性物主代词，you的形容词性物主代词为your，故填your。
8.
句意：所以当我见到我的朋友时，我努力做到准时。短语make an effort to do sth.意为“努力做某事”，故填effort。
9.
句意：我总是早早离开家以避免交通拥挤，因为我认为让别人一直等是不礼貌的。根据句意此处指“让别人一直等”，keep sb. doing意为“让某人一直做某事”，所以应为keep others waiting，故填waiting。
10.
句意：而且，我们从来不会不先打电话就去拜访朋友的家。根据句意此处指“不会不先打电话就去拜访朋友的家”，one一，基数词；first，意为“首先”副词，此处修饰动词，故填first。