人教版九年级全册Unit 11 Sad movies make me cry.单元讲义

Unit 11 Sad movies make me cry
单词短语及重点句型
重点单词 1.rather [ rɑ ]adv.相当;相反 2.drive [dra v]v.迫使 3.lately [ le tl ]adv.最近;不久前 4.friendship [ frend p]n.友谊;友情 5.king [k ]n.国王;君主 6.power [ pa ]n.权力;力量 7.prime [pra m]adj.首要的;基本的 8.minister [ m n st ]n.大臣;部长 9.banker [ b k ]n.银行家 10.fame [fe m]n.名声;声誉 11.pale [pe l]adj.苍白的;灰白的 12.queen [kwi n]n.王后;女王 13.examine [ ɡ z m n]v.(仔细地)检检验 14.nor [n (r)]conj.&adv.也不 15.palace [ p l s]n.王宫;宫殿 16.wealth [welθ]n.财富 17.grey [ɡre ]adj.(天空)阴沉的;昏暗的:灰色的 18.lemon [ lem n]n.柠檬 19.uncomfortable [ n k mft bl]adj.使人不舒服的:令人不舒适的 20.weight [we t]n..重量;分量 21.shoulder [ ld ]n.肩;肩膀 22.goal [ɡ l]n.球门;射门;目标 23.coach [k t ]n.教练;私人教师 24.kick [k k]v.踢;踹 25.besides [b sa dz]adv.而且 26.teammate [ ti mme t]n.同队队员;队友 27.courage [ k r d ]n.勇敢:勇气 28.guy [ɡa ]n.(非正式)家伙pl)伙计们 29.pull [p l]v.拉;拖 30.relief [r li f]n.轻松;解脱 31.nod [n d]v.点头 32.agreement [ 'ɡri m nt]n.(意见或看法)一致:同意 33.fault [f lt]n.过失;缺点 34.disappoint [ d s p nt]v.使失望
重点短语 1.would rather宁愿 2.call in召来；叫来 3.to start with起初；开始时 4.let…down 使失望 5.leave out忽略；不提及；不包括 6.kick sb.off开除某人 7.rahter than而不是 8.pull together齐心协力；通力合作 9.even though虽然；尽管 10.so…that..如此……以至于 11.neither…nor…既不……也不 12.drive sb.crazy/ mad使人发疯/发狂 13.the more… the more越……越 14.be friends with sb.成为某人的朋友 15.be hard on sb= be strict with sb对某人苛刻 16.be close to可能（快要做某事） 17.have … in common有……共同之处 18.make sb.do sth让某人做某事 19.prime minister首相 20.hand back交还 21.worry about/ be worried about担心 22.take one’s position取代某人的位置 23.pale as chalk苍白 24.find out查明 25.for no reason毫无理由 26.let...down使失望 27.kick sb off开除某人 28.knock at/ on敲门 29.be strict in对某物要求严格 30.rather than而不是 31.pull together齐心协力 32.to one’s relief让某人欣慰的是 33.in agreement同意 34.think about考虑 35.search for寻找 36.return to the king回复国王 37.miss scoring the goal错过进球 38.support each other相互支持 39.lose the game输了比赛 40.get good grades on an exam在考试中取得好成绩 41.be hard on sb.= be strict with sb 对某人要求严厉
常考句型 1.I’d rather go to Blue Ocean because I like to listen to quiet music while I’m eating.我宁愿去蓝色海洋，因为我喜欢在吃饭的时候听安排的音乐。 2.The more I get to know Julie, the more I realize that we have a lot in common.我对朱莉了解得越多，就越感到我们有许多相同之处。 3.Neither medicine nor rest can help him.药物和休息都帮不了他。 4.The loud music makes me nervous.喧闹的音乐让我紧张不安。 5.Soft and quiet music makes me relax.轻柔安静的音乐让我放松。 6.Money and fame don’t always make people happy.金钱和名声并不总是让人快乐。 7.She said that the sad movie made her cry.她说悲伤的电影使她哭泣。 8.Waiting for Amy drove Tina crazy.等埃米使蒂娜发疯。 9.Then she won’t feel left out.那么她就不会觉得自己被冷落。 10.A long time ago, in a rich and beautiful country, there lived an unhappy king.很久以前，在一个富饶而美丽的国家，住着一位不快乐的国王。 11.His face was always pale as chalk.他总是面色苍白。 12.He often cried for no reason.他经常没理由地哭。 13.One day, a doctor was called in to examine the king.一天，一位医生被召来给国王检查身体。 14.How could he have missed scoring that goal 他怎么没把球射进呢？ 15.He had let his whole team down.他让他的整个球队失望了。 16.He was really worried that his coach might kick him off the team.他真担心他的教练会把他从球队开除。 17.Ten minutes later, Peter heard his father knocking on his bedroom door.十分钟后，彼得听到他的父亲在敲他的卧室门。 18.But whatever it was, don’t be too hard on yourself.但不管结果怎样，不要对你自己要求太苛刻。 19.Besides, winning or losing is only half the game.此外，输或赢只是比赛的一半。 20.The next day, Peter went to soccer practice with courage rather than fear in his heart.第二天，彼得心里并没有害怕，而是勇敢地去参加足球训练。 21.But I think if we continue to pull together, we’re going to win the next one.但我想只要我们继续团结一致，我们就会赢得下一场比赛。
一、单词讲解
1 rather adv.相当;相反
1）rather副词,表示“相当,相反” rather a... =quite a...=a very
She is rather a pretty girl 她是一个相当漂亮的女孩。
2）would rather“宁愿；宁可；更喜欢”,= would do rather than do = prefer to do sth rather than do,后跟动词原形,没有人称和数的变化,其否定形式是在“rather”加“not”。
I’d rather not tell you about it 我宁愿不告诉你这件亨。
辨析：would rather与 prefer的用法：
①would rather宁愿,后接省略“to”的动词不定式；“prefer”更喜欢,后常接带“to”的动词不定式。
I would rather read books at home in bad weather.
I preferred to stay at home in bad weather.
②表示“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”would rather do sth than do sth/ prefer to do sth rather than do sth
I’d rather go to the cinema than watch TV.= I prefer to go to the cinema rather than watch TV.我宁愿去看电影,也不愿看电视。
③would rather与prefer后都可以接从句,且从句都要用虚拟语气。“would rather”后接从句时,表示现在或将来从句用过去时,表示过去从句用过去完成时,而“prefer”后接从句时,从句谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”结构,“should”通常可以省略。
肯定句：would rather do sth.=prefer to do sth.=prefer doing A to doing B=would do sth rahter than do sth =prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.=like doing A better than doing B宁愿做某事而不愿做某事(表示在两者之间进行选择）
I prefer walking to running我更喜欢走路而不喜欢跑步。I would rather stay at home because it’s cold outside.
3）rather than=instead of 而不是”,可以连接两个形容词、名词、动词,状语,动词不定式或动词 ing 形式。
He is a writer rather than a teacher. 他是一位作家而不是老师。
拓展：如果主语后有 rather than＋ 名词或代词,谓语动词的单复数由rather than 前的主语決定。
He, rather than you, is a worker.他而不是你是一个工人
2 drive v.迫使
1）drive动词,意为“迫使”,其后可跟形容词、副词或动词不定式作宾语补足语。
drive sb. crazy/mad =make sb. crazy/mad使某人发疯/发狂
Waiting for Amy drove Tina crazy. 等待埃米使蒂娜发狂。
drive sb. away=drive away sb.赶走某人,sb.如果是人称代词,只能放中间；如果是名词,可以放中间,也可以放在away后面。
I will stay at your house tonight and drive away Nian.我今天就留在你家里,我一定会赶走年的。
drive sb. to do sth. 迫使某人做某事
His hunger drove him to steal food. 饥饿驱使他去偷食物。
2）drive作动词时,还可意为“驾驶,开车；驱赶”。
drive sb. to +某地：驾车（送某人）到某地
He drove me to the airport yesterday.他昨天开车把我送到机场。
drive sb.+地点副词：驾车（送某人）到某地
Anna will drive me home after work.下班后安娜会开车送我回家。
3 lately adv.最近;不久前
lately= recently最近；不久前(常用于现在完成时、现在完成进行时以及过去完成时中)。
So we've been spending more time together lately. (P82)所以最近我们花更多的时间在一起。
辨析: lately, latest, later与late
①lately作副词,表示“最近;不久前”,通常用于完成时的句子中
②latest作形容词,表示“最近的;最新的”,仅用于名词前作定语；作名词,表示“最新事物”后常接介词in
③later作副词,表示“过后;稍后”,可单独使用;也可位于一段时间后,表示“过了…以后”; later on意为“过后,以后
④late作形容词,表示“晚的;迟的”,常用短语: be late for；作副词,表示“晚地,迟地”,位于时间段后,说明晚了多长时间
We have raised plenty of money for children’s hospital lately最近我们为儿童医院筹集了大量的钱。
This is the latest song.这是最新的歌曲。
She arrived in New York on Sunday. Two day later, she left for London.她星期日到达了约两天后,地动身去了伦救。
I was late for school this morning今天早上我上学迟到了。
You were ten minutes late yesterday昨天你晚了10分钟。
4 friendship n.友谊;友情
friendship名词,表示“友谊; 友情”→friend n. 朋友 →friendly adj. 友好的 →unfriendly adj.不友好的
1）friendship 作名词,由“friend + -ship (名词后缀)”构成。
True friendship is a plant that grows slow. 真正的友谊是一株生长缓慢的植物。
2）friend作名词,可以作主语,也可以作表语或宾语
be friends with sb. 成为某人的朋友
I still wanted to be friends with Alison.我仍然希望同艾莉森做朋友。
make friends with sb. 与某人交朋友
He's made up his mind to make friends with you.他下定决心要和你交朋友。
a friend of +名词性物主代词或者名词所有格,表示“…的一位朋友”。
She is a friend of my sister’s.她是我姐姐的一个朋友。
3）friendly是以-ly结尾的形容词,“友好的”,它不是副词,在句中不能修饰动词作状语,只能作定语或表语。用作表语时,可与介词to或with连用。
be friendly to 是对某人友善、友好,指的是单方面的。
We should be friendly to animals.我们对待动物应该友善。
be friendly with 是指和某人相处得好,所指的对象是两个人共同的；
Sometimes they even pretended to be friendly with us.有时他们甚至装出和我们友好的样子。
拓展：to强调相对性,对某人,是具有主动性的。而with则是和某人,强调并列。
5 power n.权力;力量
power不可数名词，意为“权利；力量”。其形容词形式为powerful，意为“强大的；强有力的”。
6 pale adj.苍白的;灰白的
汉语中描述不健康的人的面部色时常用“白”字，如“白;苍白;灰白”等，英语中常用pale来表达。
He suddenly went pale.他突然脸色变白。
7 examine v.(仔细地)检检验
examine为及物动词，相当于look over，后接名词、代词作宾语，也可接whether从句作宾语。可用于被动语态。其名词形式为 examination(检查)
examine sb.on /in sth对某人进行......的考试
The doctor examined her but could find nothing wrong.医生给她做了检查，但没有发现什么问题。
It’s necessary for everyone to have a medical examination once a year. 对于每个人来说一年做一次体检很有必要。
辨析：examine, review, check 与test
examine “检查”, 侧重看人或事物存在的问题(毛病)，故障或违禁等, 另有“考试”之意。
review “检查; 复查; 复习”, 侧重再检查、复审。
check “检查; 核对; 核实”，侧重看前后数量等是否一致，也用于判断事物的正误、有无等；也可相当于 examine 使用, 表示“对…进行检查”。
test “测验; 试验”。侧重看质量、水平等是否过关。
We have our suitcases examined at the airport.我们的手提箱在机场都经过了检查。
You should review your lessons before the exam.考试之前你应该复习你的功课。
Will you check your homework yourself first 你会自己先检查一下作业吗？
I feel I’m having short sight, so I have to go and have my eyesight tested. 我感觉我近视了，因此我得去检查一下视力。
8 wealth n.财富
1）wealth的形容词为wealthy，意为“富裕的”。a wealth of大量；丰富
The wealthy man was always worried about losing his wealth. 这个有钱人总是担心会失去他的财富。
2）be wealthy in在…方面富有
You can be wealthy in spirit and family, not just in money.
你可以在精神跟家庭上很富有，但不一定在金钱上。
Our country is wealthy in natural resources.我国自然资源丰富。
辨析：wealth 与 treasure
wealth 作“财富”讲时是不可数名词, 是一个人所拥有的资产的总称; 包括钱, 也包括其他财产。
treasure 作“财富”讲时是不可数名词; 作“宝物; 珍宝”讲时, 是可数名词。
Health is much more important than wealth.健康比财富重要得多。
There are many art treasures in this museum.这个博物馆有许多艺术珍品。
9 weight n.重量;分量
weight名词，意为“重量；分量”
lose weight 减肥 gain/put on weght 增肥 the weight of... ...的重量
拓展：weigh动词，表示“称…的重量;掂量有…重”
Cao Chong thought of a way to weigh the elephant曹冲想出了一个称大象的办法。
She weighs60kios.她有60千克重。
10 shoulder n.肩;肩膀
on one’s shoulder 在某人的双肩上 shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩的
He put the pole on his shoulders and walked to the north gate.他把杆子放在肩上向北走去。
They are walking along the bank shoulder to shoulder.他们正肩并肩沿岸边散步。
11 goal n.球门;射门;目标
1）作名词，表示“球门;射门”
score a goal进球;射门得分
He kicked the ball into the goal.他把球踢进了球门。
2）作名词，表示“(努力等的)目标”
An unusual goal of AI research 1s to create special computer programs.人工智能研究的一个不同寻常的目标是创造特殊的计算机程序。
12 coach n.教练;私人教师
1）作可数名词，表示“教练;私人教师”，其复数形式为 coaches
If you love sports,for example,you might consider a career as a IE. teacher or a soccer coach例如你如果热爱运动，可以考虑当一名体育老师或足球教练。
2）作动词，表示“指导;训练”
She coached him for an examination她指导他准备考试。
13 kick v.踢;踹
1）作动词，表示“踢;踹”
kick sb.of开除某人 kick sb. sth. = kick sth. to sb.把某物踢给某人”。
He kicked the ball out of the field他把球踢到了场外。
They must work hard,or the boss will kick them off the company.他们必须努力工作，否则老板会把他们从公司开除的。
2）作名词，表示“踢;蹬”
If the door won't open,just give it a good kick如果门打不开的话，就使劲儿踢一脚
14 besides adv.而且
1）besides用作副词，意为“而且，还有”；又来追加原因及理由。除了besides外，还有also,in addition也有此用法。
I don’t mind picking up your things from the store.Besides,the walk will do me good.我并不介意帮你去商店拿货，而且，走走路对我身体有好处。
2）作介词，表示“除…之外(还有)”强调包括后者在内，是一种累加关系。
The students went to the zoo besides the teacher除了那位老师，学生们也去了动物园。
辨析 besides,except,except for与but
①besides除…之外（还有…）指在整体中加入一部分，表示一种累加关系，有“加之”意思
②except除…之外（没有…）着重强调在同类人或物中除去一个或者几个人或物，“减”意思
③except for除…之外，表示对整体主要部分的肯定和局部的否定，起部分修正作用。
④but除…之外，和except的用法基本相同，但着重强调整句的内容，习惯用except
Besides milk,we need vegetables除了牛奶，我们还需要蔬莱
We are all here except/but Tom.除汤姆之外，我们都在这里了。(不包括Tom)
He is a good man except for his bad temper除了脾气有点儿差之外，他是一个好人
She could do nothing but cry她除了哭什么都做不了。
15 courage n.勇敢:勇气
1）courage 指“勇气”，通常只用作不可数名词，与动词have，lack连用时，一般不加定冠词。
He showed great courage and determination.他表现得十分勇敢和果断。
They have a lot of courage.他们勇气十足。
She was not lacking in courage.她并不缺乏勇气。
2）encourage用作及物动词
①通常接名词、代词或“名词所有格〔物主代词〕+动名词”作宾语;
Old and young cadres learn from each other and encourage each other.新老干部相互学习，相互激励。
He bought me records to encourage my liking for music.他给我买了唱片，希望培养我对音乐的兴趣。
②也可接以动词不定式充当补足语的复合宾语,此时动词不定式可能指未来的动作,也可指正在进行的动作;
She encouraged him to talk to her.她鼓励他与她交谈。
③还可接介词in引起的短语,表示鼓励某人目前正在做的某种事情。
Their task is to help encourage private investment in Russia.他们的任务是帮助鼓动在俄罗斯进行私人投资。
④encourage可用于被动结构。
辨析：encourage，inspire，excite，stimulate
①encourage 指提高某人情绪，增强战胜困难，实现目标的信心和勇气。
②inspire 通常指鼓起勇气，充满信心和希望。
③excite 主要指某人的言行或其它外界因素使他人变得兴奋或感情冲动，多用被动态。
④stimulate 尤指人或物因外界因素而受到刺激，使人振作起来或增强做某事的信心和勇气。
16 pull v.拉;拖
pull动词，表示“拉;拖”，其反义词为push，意为“推”。
Please pull the door. Don't push it请拉门，不要推门。
pull together齐心协力; 通力合作
If all of us pull together, there must be something we can do to improve the environment.如果我们都齐心协力，一定可以做一些改善环境的事情。
17 relief n.轻松;解脱
relief不可数名词，表示“轻松;解脱;宽慰;宽心” to one's relief使某人放心/安心的是
He smiled in relief.他欣慰地笑了。
To my relief,they spoke English让我放心的是，他们说英语。
18 nod v.点头
1）nod作动词，表示“点头”
I asked her if she was ready to go,and she nodded我问她是否已准备好出发，她点了点头。
Let the speaker know you are listening by nodding or shaking your head.通过点头或摇头让说话者知道你在听。
2）nod作动词，表示“打瞌睡”
He nodded off in class today他今天在课堂上打瞌睡了。
19 agreement n.(意见或看法)一致:同意
agreement 作名词，意为“协定；协议；契约；(意见或看法)一致”。如果前面加不定冠词，注意要用an agreement 。
1）nod in agreement 点头赞同；点头表示同意
They all nodded in agreement.他们都点头表示同意。
2）be in agreement with sth. /sb.=agree with sth. /sb.和…意见一致
We are all in agreement with what he says.我们都同意他所说的话。
3）reach an agreement达成协议;取得一致意见
After a long discussion,they reached an agreement经过长时间的讨论之后，他们达成了协议。
拓展①：英语中，某些动词加后缀-ment可构成名词，表示“行为;行为的过程或结果;组织”等。常见的词有
excitement兴奋;激动 disappointment失望 movement活动;运动
achievement成就 development发展 improvement 改善
拓展②：agreement n. (意见或看法) 一致; 同意→ agree v. 同意→ disagree v. 不同意→ disagreement n. 意见不一; 分歧
agree 作动词时，既可以作及物动词，也可以作不及物动词。
常接名词、代词或that引导的宾语从句。
We agreed the proposal was a good one.我们一致认为这个建议不错。
agree with sb. 同意某人的意见
I agree with you to a certain degree.我在某种程度上同意你的观点。
agree to do sth. 同意做某事
The two groups agreed to cooperate with each other.这两个组同意相互协作。
agree on 同意 ; 达成共识 ; 达成一致
We rarely agree on what to do.我们很少在要做的事情上看法一致。
disagree只能作不及物动词，不能直接接宾语，需要加上介词再接宾语。
Some people disagree with this argument.有些人不同意这一论点。
I am bound to say I disagree with you on this point.我觉得有必要指出，在这一点上我不同意你的观点。
You can disagree about them, and I personally do, but they are great ideas that have made people think.你可以不同意这些看法，我个人也不同意。但它们的确是引发人们思考的好想法。
Experts disagree on how much the program will cost.专家们对该项目的成本存在分歧。
20 fault n.过失;缺点
fault名词，表示“过失;缺点”，其形容词为fault(有缺点的，不完美的)。
at fault有过错 ＂
It's my fault,she said in a small voice她小声说:“是我的错。”
The police said that the other driver was at fault警方说是另一名司机的过错
21 disappoint v.使失望
disappoint动词，表示“使失望”相当于let.…down，后接名词或代词作宾语。其形容词形式 disappointed意为“失望的”,disappointing意为“令人失望的”;名词形式 disappointment意为“失望”。
The result disappointed him.结果使他失望
I'm sorry to disappoint your expectations我很抱歉辜负了你们的期望。
二、课文对话及原文
1.Conversation
Nancy: Hey, Bert. I think I've made Alice mad and I'm not sure what to do about it.
Bert: What happened
Nancy: You know Julie is Alice's best friend, right
Bert: Uh huh.
Nancy: Well, the more I get to know Julie, the more I realize that we have a lot in common.So we've been spending more time together lately.
Bert: But what's wrong with that
Nancy: Umm...it makes Alice unhappy because she thinks Julie is now better friends with me than with her.
Bert: I see. Mmm...why don't you ask Alice to join you each time you do something with Julie Then she won't feel left out.
Nancy: Oh, good idea! That can make our friendship stronger.
2.Passage
The Shirt of a Happy Man (Part Ⅰ)
A long time ago, in a rich and beautiful country, there lived an unhappy king. He slept badly and didn't feel like eating. His face was always pale as chalk. He often cried for no reason. This made the queen and his people worried.
One day, a doctor was called in to examine the king. But he found nothing wrong with his body. “It's all in his mind. Neither medicine nor rest can help him. What he needs is the shirt of a happy person to wear. That'll make him happy.”
The prime minister was called to the palace. But when they explained the king's situation to him, he said, “Although I have a lot of power, it doesn't make me happy.I'm always worried about losing my power. Many people are trying to take my position.”
Then, the king's banker came to the palace. “Oh, I'm afraid I'm not happy either, ” he said. “I have a lot of wealth, but I'm always worried about losing my money.Someone tries to steal my money every day.”
Next, the palace singer came to the king's room. But this was what he said: “It's true that I'm famous and everyone loves my songs. But I'm not happy because I'm always worried about being followed by others. I cannot be free!”
Finally, the king's top general was told to go out and find a happy man in three days' time. (To be continued)
The Winning Team
Peter kept his eyes on the ground. He felt like there was a heavy weight on his shoulders as he walked home alone.
It was the worst day of his life. His mind would not stop thinking about what happened only just an hour ago on the school soccer field. How could he have missed scoring that goal He had let his whole team down. His stupid mistake made him angry. His team had lost the game because of him. He was really worried that his coach might kick him off the team.
As soon as he walked through the door, his father asked, “What’s wrong, son ” Peter’s feelings were written all over his face. “I lost the game, ” Peter replied. Then he went into his room without another word. Ten minutes later, Peter heard his father knocking on his bedroom door. He opened the door to let him in.
“Look, Peter. I don't know what happened. But whatever it was, don’t be too hard on yourself. ”
“I lost the game, Dad. I failed my team. They’ll probably never let me play again.”
“Soccer is about team effort. You’re not the only reason your team lost. If you have a good team, you should support each other.
Besides , winning or losing is only half the game. The other half is learning how to communicate with your teammates and learning from your mistakes.
The next day, Peter went to soccer practice with courage rather than fear in his heart.
“Hey, guys, ”he said to his teammates. “I’m really sorry about yesterday. We were so close to winning that game. But I think if we continue to pull together , we’re going to win the next one.”
To his surprise and relief, his teammates all nodded in agreement.
“Yeah, ” they said, “ don't worry about it. It's never just one person’s fault. We should think about how we can do better next time.”
Peter smiled. It made him feel lucky to know that he was on a winning team.
三、重要知识点讲解
1 But that music makes me sleepy.但是那种音乐会让我昏昏欲睡。
主语+make sb.+adj.意为“使某人感到...; 使...处于某种状态”。
The color red makes me nervous.红色会使我紧张。
拓展1：make 构成的词组：
be made of +材料(看得出原材料) “被用...制成” be made from+材料 (看不出原材料) “被用...制成”
be made in +产地 “在某地制造...” be made up of ... =consist of“被... 构成”。
make tea泡茶 make money赚钱 make faces 做鬼脸 make sure 查明，弄清
make kites制作风筝 make the bed整理床铺 make sentences 造句 make a noise制作噪音
make mistakes犯错 make progress取得进步 make fun of 取笑 make a living谋生
make a plan制定计划 be made up of由...组 make up组成，编造 make tea 沏茶
make one’s at home 随便，不拘束 make one’s plan制定某人的计划
make a decision做决定 make one’s mind 下定决心
make one’s bed整理床铺
拓展2：make 构成的句型
make sb/sth + 形容词 “让某人或某物...”可用到的形容词有：happy，pleased，surprised，angry，annoyed，sad，upset，unhappy，worried，anxious excited，relaxed，stressed out，tense，calm，scared，comfortable，sick ...如：Mr.Liu usually makes his lesson interesting so that we all like to listen to him in class.
拓展3：make it习惯用语，及时赶到，到达目的地
make it办成功，做到，赶到
I think we’ll just make it.我认为我们成功了。
make it及时到达；赶上
The train leaves in five minutes, we’ll never make it!火车五分钟后出发，我们赶上了。
make it约定（时间）
2 Waiting for Amy drove Tina mad.等待艾美令缇娜有点抓狂。
waiting for等待（动名词做主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数）。
3 The movie was so sad that it made Tina and Amy cry.这部电影如此悲伤，以至于它使蒂娜和埃米哭了。
“主语+谓语+so +adj./adv.+that +句子”引导结果状语从句，“如此...以至于...”。其中“so”是副词，用来修饰形容词或副词的原级，“that”引导结果状语从句。
so... that ... /so that的用法：
1）so＋形容词或副词＋that ...引导的肯定的结果状语从句，“如此...以至于...”
I studied so hard that I got the first place.
2）so＋形容词或副词＋that ...引导的否定的结果状语从句，“如此...以致于不能...”
3）so that“以便...;为了...”,引导目的状语从句。从句中常使用can /could /may /might /will /would /should等情态动词或助动词
I study hard so that I can have a good future.
4 John: Did you have fun with Amy last night 昨晚你和埃米玩得开心吗？
Tina: Well ...yes and no.She was really late.晤...既开心又不开心。
1）have fun in doing sth=have a good time/ great time = enjoy oneself 玩的开心
have fun with sb.和某人玩的开心 have fun doing sth 很愉快做某事
2）yes and no “既是又不是；不能说定”。表示难以明确答案，是对某一问题的两可回答，
Well,yes and no. I knew they were planning something,but I wasn’t sure what it would be.嗯，既惊讶又不惊讶。我知道他们在计划着某事，但又不确定是什么。
5 She was really late.她来得非常晚。
1）really (adv)非常；极其（用于修饰形容词或副词，起加强语气的作用）
It was really cold last night.昨天晚上真冷。（修饰形容词）
He runs really fast.他跑得真快。（修饰副词）
2）really 确实；的确（用于强调观点）
I really love the dog.我确实喜欢这条狗。
3）really 真的吗？（单独使用，常用问号）
We’re moving to Hong Kong next month.Oh, really 我们下个月要搬去香港了。真的吗？
6 I’m not sure what to do about it.我不确定该怎么做。
1）sure的用法
①adj.确信的，确实的； 一定的make sure 确保，核实，查收，弄清楚
be sure to do sth 一定要做某事 be sure not to do sth 千万不要做某事
be sure +that 从句 相信；对......有把握 be sure about /of+n/pron确信.., 对...有把握
②adv.当然；确实地；无疑地=Certainly = Of course
---Can I borrow these magazines 我能借这些字典吗？---Sure / Certainly / Of course.当然可以。
2）what to do做什么
辨析：what to do和how to do it 的区别
这两个短语都是特殊疑问词加不定式构成的，相当于宾语从句。
①what to do是完整的（what是do的宾语），表示做什么，故不定式后不可再加宾语。
I don't know what to do. (= I don't know what I can do .)
②how to do是不完整的（how提问方式），必须加上do的宾语，表示如何做...一般情况do后必须加上宾语。how 是副词,强调方式方法, what是代词,充当do的宾语。
I don't know how to do it=I don't know what to do.
7 What happened 发生了什么事
happen (vi)“发生”，没有被动语态 ，主语是物，强调某事发生的偶然性。
1）“sth.+ happen+地点/时间”，“某地/某时发生了某事”
What’s happening outside 外面发生什么事了
2）sth.happen to sb.某事发生在某人身上
A car accident happened to him yesterday.昨天他发生了交通事故。
What happened to you =What was wrong with him
3）sb.happen to do sth.某人碰巧做某事
拓展：take place 发生，指事情有计划有安排地发生。
The sports meeting took place in our school last week.
8 Well, the more I got to know Julie, the more I’ve realized that we have a lot in common.晤，我对朱莉了解得越多，就越感到我们有许多相同之处。
1）“The+形容词或副词比较级(+句子), the+形容词或副词比较级(+句子)”“越...越..”。表示一方的程度随着另一方的变化而变化，其中的两个the都是副词,而不是冠词。
The more he eats, the fatter he gets.他越吃越胖。
2）“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越...”，该结构适用于单音节词和少数双音节词；“more and more+形容词/副词的原级”也表示“越来越”，该结构适用于多音节词和部分双音节词。
He runs faster and faster.他跑得越来越快。
The city is becoming more and more beautiful.这座城市正变得越来越美丽。
3）realize one’s dream= make one’s dream come true实现某人的梦想
He / She finally realized his dream of becoming an actor/ actress.
4）get to know sb. /sth. 渐渐了解某人/ 某事
Well, the more I get to know Julie, the more I realize that we have a lot in common. 嗯, 我对朱莉了解得越多, 越意识到我们有许多共同之处。
4）have...in common with sb与某人有...共同之处（通常指兴趣、想法等方面相同）；have a lot/ much in common with表示与某人没有共同之处；have nothing in common with sb表示与某人没有共同之处
My sister and I have only one thing in common.我和姐姐只有一个共同点。
9 So we’ve been spending more time together lately.所以我们最近待在一起的时间更多了。
此句的时态为现在完成进行时。现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在或离现在不远的时间，并且现在动作可能仍在进行，也可能已经停止。其谓语部分的结构为“have/ has been+动词的现在分词”，其中，“have/ has”为助动词，其疑问句形式是将助动词“have/ has”提至句子的主语之前。
I’ve been reading this book for two hours, but I haven’t finished it.
拓展：有些表示状态、情感、感觉的动词（have, exist, like, hate, know, sound）等不能用于现在完成进行时中，但可用于现在完成时中。
We have been waiting for him for two hours我们等他两个小时了。
He has been living here for ten years他住在这里10年了。
10 Mmm ...why don’t you ask Alice to join you each time you do something with Julie 恩，每次你和朱莉做某事的时候，何不邀请艾丽斯加入你们呢？
1）Why don't you do sth. 你为什么不做某事呢 相当于“ Why not do sth. ”，用于向对方提出建议。
Why don't you go home now (-why not go home now )你现在为什么不回家呢
2）ask sb. to do sth要求某人做某事，其否定结构为ask not to do sth，意为”要求某人不做某事”。
He asked Mary to clean the blackboard他要求吗丽擦黑板。
My mother asked me not to go out at night.我母亲让我晚上不要出去。
3）join sb.加入某人，和某人一起 join sb. in doing sth.和某人一起做某事
We are playing football. Why don't you join us 我们正在踢足球。你为什么不加入我们呢
I'm sure you'll all join me in thanking today’s speaker.我相信大家会和我一起来感谢今天的演讲者。
4）each time每次;每当，可引导时间状语从句。可用来引导时间状语从句的短语还有 every time,next time等。
Each time I come,she is busy每次我来地都很忙。
Each time I see you,I will remember the happy time we spent together.每次见到你，我就会想起我们一起度过的快乐时光。
11 Then she won’t feel left out.然后她就不会觉得被忽略。
leave out 不包括；不提及；忽略
feel left out (感觉）被遗忘；（感觉）被忽略（表示一种主观上的感觉）；be left out被冷落；被忽视（表示一种客观的情况）。
When a child feels left out,he will cry to get his parents’ attention.当小孩觉得被冷落了时，他会大哭来吸引父母的注意。
拓展：leave (left; left)的短语： leave out 搁置，不考虑
leave behind 忘带，留下 leave for 出发leave off 停止做某事
No one speaks to him, he always feels left out.没人跟他讲话，他总是觉得被人冷落。
12 A long time ago, in a rich and peaceful country, there lived an unhappy king.很久以前，在一个富饶而又美丽的国家，住着一位不快乐的国王。
1）there lived 曾经住着
2）there lived an unhappy king是一个以“there”开头的倒装句，它的正常语序应为“an unhappy king lived there”；在英语中，有时为了强调地点或方位，通常将“there”或“here”等地点副词置于句首，并将谓语动词移到主语前，即使用倒装结构。
13 He slept badly and didn’t feel like eating anything.他睡眠不好，而且不想吃东西。
feel like意为想，想要，其后接名词、动词ing、代词作宾语，相当于want或would like.
feel like doing sth.=want to do sth. =would like (to do) sth.
Do you feel like some fish 你想吃鱼吗？
14 His face was always pale as chalk. 他总是面色苍白。
pale as chalk 是一种明喻修辞结构,描述不健康的人面部,一种比喻的修辞方式。课文中省略了第一个as。
He suddenly went pale.他突然脸色变白。
as... as 表示甲与乙在某方面程度相同;
He was as careful as his father.他和爸爸一样细心。
not as (so) ... as 表示甲在某方面不如乙。
He doesn’t work as/ so hard as his friend.他不如朋友工作努力。
拓展：as 与as 之间用形容词或副词的原级。
“as... as”结构常见的表达还有：
as hungry as a wolf 非常饥饿 as white as snow 洁白如雪 as busy as a bee 像蜜蜂一样繁忙
as hard as iron 坚硬如铁 as cold as ice 冷若冰霜 as gentle as a lamb 温顺如羊
15 He often cried for no reason.他经常无端哭泣。
for no reason 没有理由的；无缘无故。
His wife was troubled about being shouted at for no reason.他的妻子对无缘无故被大吼大叫感到苦恼。
拓展：1）for some reason 出于某种原因
I think he did that for some reason.我想他是出于某种原因才那么做的。
2）the reason for... ...的原因；而不是the reason of。
Can you tell us the reason for being late 你能告诉我们迟到的原因吗？
辨析：reason和cause
reason 着重指解释或说明某事发生的理由或原因。
cause 着重指导致某事发生的原因, 此事往往造成了不好的影响。
The reason why Tom was absent from class yesterday was that he was badly ill. 汤姆昨天缺课的原因是他病得很严重。
The cause of the accident was the driver’s carelessness.这起事故的原因是司机的粗心大意。
16 One day, a doctor was called in to examine the king.一天，一名医生被召来为国王检查身体。
call in召来，叫来 ；打电话来
Call in the doctor at once.马上去请医生来。
拓展：call sb.in “召来；叫来”。 call sth.in “下令收回；要求退回”。
We must call the cars with serious faults in.我们必须收回有严重缺陷的车。
拓展：call短语归纳：
call back唤回，叫回；回电话，再打电话 call up (给...)打电话；想起，回忆起；召集
call away叫走，叫开 call off 取消
call for 要求；需要；（去) 接 call on 拜访；号召
call out 大声叫喊
17 Neither medicine nor rest can help him.无论是药物还是休息都帮不了他。
neither...nor...“既不...也 不...；...和...都不”，其含义是表示两者全部否定，可连接任意两个并列的成份作主语,谓语动词的单复数采取“就近原则”。其反义词“both...and...两者都；既...又...”。可连接任意两个并列的成份作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。
I have neither money nor time. 我既没有钱也没有时间。
Neither Tom nor his sisters were at home.汤姆和珍都不在家。
Both you and I are going there tomorrow. 明天我们俩都要去那里。
拓展：遵循“就近原则”的结构还有：
There be... 有...；either... or... 或者...或者...；not only...but also... 不但...而且...
辨析1：both, either & neither的用法：
①neither表示“两者都不”，作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。
Neither of his parents is a doctor.他的父母都不是医生。
②both表示“两者都”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
Both of his parents are doctors.他的父母都是医生。
③either表示“两者中的任何一个”，作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。
Either of his parents is a doctor.他的父母中有一个是医生。
辨析2：either...or ...; both ...and .../neither...nor...的用法：
①either or.意为“或者...或者...;不是...就是...”，表示两者之一，连接句子中两个并列的成分，谓语动词的单复数采取“就近原则”。
Either you or I am going there tomorrow.
②both ... and...“既...又...”, 连接任意两个并列成份，做主语是谓语动词用复数。
Both you and I are going there tomorrow.
③neither...nor 既不...也不...，谓语动词跟最近的主语一致。
Neither he nor I am from Beijing.
辨析3：either; also; too 与as well的用法：
①either常用于否定句句末，以加强语气，前面可用逗号隔开，也可不用。
Mike hasn’t been to Shanghai, and I haven’t either.
②also常用于肯定句，位于“be”动词、助动词或情态动词之后，实义动词之前。
Rose also likes playing tennis.
③too常用于肯定句或疑问句，一般位于句末，前面可用逗号隔开，也可不用。
I am a student, too.
as well常用于肯定句或疑问句，一般位于句末作状语，前面不用逗号隔开，且多用于口语中。
I’m going to Beijing, and my sister is going to Beijing as well.
18 Although I have a lot of power, it doesn’t make me happy.尽管我拥有许多的权力，但这并没有使我快乐。
although/ though (conj)尽管；虽然（引导让步状语从句，其后不能再使用连词“but”，但可以与“yet”或“still”连用，强调前后的转折关系。含“although”引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句有时可以转换为由“but”连接的并列句。）
Although/ Though she has a lot of money, still/ yet she is unhappy.生日她有很多钱，但是她不开心。
19 I’m always worried about losing my power.Many people are trying to take my position.`我总是担心会失去我的权利。许多人都在试图取代我的位置。
1）be worried 是担心的
The last piece of advice is not to be worried even if your dreams don't come true.最后一条建议是即使你的梦想没有实现也不要担心。
She was worried because she disappointed her parents.她很担心，因为她让父母失望了。
be worried about =worry about 担心; 担忧
注意：worry 是动词，worried是形容词。about后面可以跟sb. / sth. / doing sth.
Your family must be worried about you.你的家人会担心你吧。
We are all worried about my grandpa’s health.我们总是担心我爷爷的健康。
2）take one’s position 取代某人的位置 =take one’s place
He takes my position/place.他取代了我的位置。
20 I’m always worried about being followed by others.我总是担心被其他人跟踪。
follow (v) 跟随，跟着→ following (adj.) 下述的，接着的
follow sb.to do sth 跟随某人做某事 as follow 如下 follow one’s example 效仿他人的作法
follow one’s nose凭直觉行事 be followed by被跟随
Lightning was quickly followed by heavy thunder.
21 ....find a happy man in three day’s time.要在三天之内找到一个快乐的人。
in three days’ time 3天的时间
拓展：in+时间段 在一段时间内，用于将来时
I will be back in three days.我三天之内回来。
22 To start with, it was cloudy and grey, and cloudy days make me sad/ unhappy.起初，天气多云且阴沉，阴天使我不开心。
to start with/ to begin with“首先”,= first或firstly, 用于句首,表示事情发生的先后顺序。常用作插入语。其反义词end with以.....结束
To start with,I didn’t get used to living in the south of China.开始时，我不习惯在中国南方生活。
拓展：start with相当于 begin with，意为以开始”，其反义短语为 end with，意为“以结束”。
Knowledge starts/begins with practice实践出真知。
23 In class, the teacher handed back our exams.在课堂上，老师发回了我们的试卷。
hand back/ hand sth back to sb/ hand sb.sth把某物交还给某人
拓展：hand in上交；提交 hand on交付；传递 hand out分发；散发
hand down把某事传下去 hand over把某物送交 hand around传递
24 But I found out that I didn’t do too badly.但是我发现我做得并不是很差。
find out发现；查明；弄清（其后可接名词、代词或从句）
辨析：find out, find与look for的用法：
①find out意为“发现；查明；弄清（情况）”。多指通过调查、询问、研究之后搞清楚、弄明白。Can you find out when the meeting starts
②find意为“找到”，强调寻找的结果，是一个非延续性动作。I found my wallet/ purse at last.
⑶look for意为“寻找”，强调寻找的动作或过程，是一个延续性动作。He is still looking for a job now.
25 Me,too. It makes me want to tell them to clean up the streets.我也是。那使我想告诉他们去打扫街道。
1）Me，too.我也是。表示前面所说的肯定情况也适用于后者，相当于“so+连系动词be/助动词/情态动词+主语 ＂。
She sticks to running every day她每天坚持跑步。Me，too/ So do I.我也是。
拓展：若前面所说的否定情况也适用于后者，表示“我也不用“Me,neither.”或＂ Neither连系动词be/助动词/情态动词+.I”。
Susan hasn’t met July lately苏珊最近没见到朱莉。
Me,neither. /Neither have I.我也没见到。
2）tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人做某事，其否定结构为tell sb. not to do sth.意为“告诉某人不要做某事”。
Tell him to leave out the useless information告诉他忽略那些无用的信息。
3）clean up打扫是“动词+副词”型短语，如果宾语是人称代词，应位于两者之间;如果宾语是名词，可位于两者之间或up之后。
Please clean up this street at once.请马上把这条街打扫干净。
This street is too dirty. Please clean it up这条街太脏了。请把它打干净
26 The general cannot find a happy person and the king remains unhappy forever.那位将军没能找到一个快乐的人，国王仍然永远不高兴。
1）general的用法
①general作名词，意为“将军；上将”。
The general searched for three days and found a happy person.将军搜查了三天，找到了一个快乐的人。
②general 作形容词，意为“一般的，普通的；综合的；大体的”。
in a general sense总体来说
In a general sense,peacocks are a symbol of openness And acceptance.一般来讲，孔雀象征着开放和接受。
2）remain的用法
①连系动词，表示“仍然(处于某种状态)”，后可接形容词、名词、分词或介词短语作表语。
The room remains cool all summer这个房间整个夏天都是凉爽的。
Sadly,Wonderland remained a dream when Rose died.可悲的是，罗丝去世时，仙境仍然是一个梦。
She remained sitting when they came in他们进来时，她仍然坐着。
②及物动词，表示“剩下;停留;遗留”，此时不能用进行时，也不能用被动语态。
A few pears remain on the tree树上还剩下几个梨。
She remained in her office all afternoon她整个下午都待在办公室里。
27 How long did it take the general to find the happy man找到那个快乐的人花了将军多长时间
1）how long①多久;多长时间，用来询问某个动作或状态持续的时间，其谓语用延续性动词(短语)或表示状态的动词(短语)，答语用表示一段时间的短语。
How long did you remain in France 你在法国待了多久
For about two months.大约两个月。
②(物体)多长用来询问物体的长度。
How long is the river 这条河多长
About6 kilometers.大约6千米。
2）It takes(sb.) some time to do sth.做某事花费(某人)一些时间。本句式中it为形式主语真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。
It took the writer a year to translate the book into German.那位作家把那本书翻译成德语用了一年时间。
28 What made the poor man so happy even though he had no power,money or fame 管没有权力、金钱和声，什么使那个穷人这么高兴
1）even though尽管，即使，纵然有退一步设想的意味，引导让步状语从句，相当于 even if
He went on working with his assistant even though both of them were tired.尽管他们两个都累了，他和他的助手仍然继续工作。
辨析：even if 即使 和 even though 尽管; 虽然
①even if 引导的从句是往往是假设性的，相当于汉语的“即使，纵然，就算，哪怕”。
Even if it rains tomorrow, we won’t change our plan. 即使明天下雨，我们也决不改变计划。
正因为even if从句的内容通常是假设性的，所以有时还可用于虚拟语气；这样用的even if 与单独使用的if比较接近。
Even if he had the money, he wouldn’t buy it. 他即使有钱，也不会买它。
②even though 引导的从句内容往往是真实的，主要用于引出不利用于主句情况的信息，相当于汉语的“尽管，虽然”。
What made the poor man so happy even though he had no power, money or fame 什么使得那个穷人那么高兴, 尽管他没有权力、金钱和名声
He went out even though it was raining. 尽管在下雨，他还是出去了。
这样用的even though与though或although的意思比较接近，许多时候可以互换。
拓展：英语可以说though和even though，但不能说even although。
Even though /Though/Although we all tried our best, we lost the game. 虽然我们已尽了最大的力量，但还是输了。
2）形容词，表示“没有”，无既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。修饰单数可数名词时，no相当于not a(n);修饰复数名词或不可数名词时，no相当于 not any
There is no bridge here. =There is not a bridge here这儿没有桥。
I have no brothers.=I don't have any brothers我没有兄弟
29 Peter kept his eyes on the ground …皮特盯着地面…
keep one’s eyes on sth. “盯着…” “留意；照看”。
30 How could he have missed scoring that goal 他怎么没把球射进球门呢
1）miss及物动词①错过;未赶上,后接名词、代词或动词ing形式。 miss doing sth错过做某事
You must get up early,or you'll miss the early bus.你必须早起，否则你会错过早班公共汽车。
I missed taking part in the sports meeting我错过参加那次运动会了。
②想念
She misses her family badly她非常想念她的家人。
31 He had let his whole team down.他让全队都失望了。
let…down使失望其同义词为disappoint
The team felt that they had let the coach down=The team felt that they had disappointed the coach队员们觉得他们让教练失望了。
32 Ten minutes later,Peter heard his father knocking on his bedroom door.十分钟后，彼得听到他的父亲在敲他的卧室门
hear sb. doing sth.听见某人正在做某事 doing sth.作宾语补足语，强调动作正在进行
I can hear the boy crying.我能听到那个男孩在哭。
拓展：hear sb. do sth.听见某人做了或经常做某事强调听到事情发生的全过程或事情经常发生。在主动结构中用省略to的动词不定式作宾补，但在被动结构中应把to加上。
The young man is often heard to sing in the next room by me我经常听到那个年轻人在隔壁房间里唱歌。
33 He opened the door to let him in.他打开门让父亲进去。
1）动词不定式短语作目的状语 to let him in为动少词不定式短语，在句中作目的状语。动词不定式(短语)在句中作目的状语时，既可放在句首，也可放在句末，意为“为了…;以便”。
I stayed there to see what would happen我待在那儿，看看会发生什么。
To make me feel at home,they went out their way to make dumplings for me.为了让我感到宾至如归，他们特地给我包了校子。
2）let…in让…进入
Please open the door and let me in.请打开门让我于 let....come in进去。
Open the door and windows to let the fresh air(come)in.打开门窗以便让新鲜空气进来。
34 But whatever it was,don't be too hard on yourself.但不管是什么，不要对自己太苛刻。
be(too) hard on sb.对某人(太)苛刻;对某人要求(太)严厉
Her parents are too hard on her她的父母对她要求太严厉
35 If you have a good team,you should support each other.你们如果是一支优秀的球队，应该互相支持。
support的用法
①及物动词,表示“支持;承受”，后接名词或代词作宾语。
support sb in sth.在某方面支持某人
If you raise it at the meeting,I'll support you如果你在会上提出这个问题，我将支持你。
His family supported him in his decision他的家人支持他的决定。
②名词，表示“支持”
Without your support,I wont have courage to do that.没有你们的支持，我不会有勇气去做那件事。
36 The other half is learning how to communicate with your teammates and learning from your mistakes.另一半是学会怎样与你的队友沟通并且从错误中吸取教训。
1）communicate with sb.与某人交流/沟通其中 communicate用作不及物动词，意为“交流;沟通”，其名词形式为 communication(交流，沟通)。
Young people sometimes cant communicate with their parents easily年轻人有时不能很容易地与父母沟通
2）learn from向…学习，以…为榜样
learn sth from sb.向某人学习某事
We should learn from Lei Feng，我们应该向雷锋学习。
We learn knowledge from our teachers我们向老师学习知识。
37 We were so close to winning that game.我们差点儿就了那场比赛。
be close to①几乎处于某种状态;很快就要做某事其中to为介词，其后可接名词、代词或动词ing形式作宾语。
I was close to tears as I told her the news我告诉她这一消息时几乎要落泪了。
She is close to finishing the work她快要完成那项工作了。
②离…近
My home is close to the school我家离学校很近。
38 What advice did Peter's father offer him 彼得的父亲给他提了什么建议
offer及物动词，表示：“自愿给予;主动提出;提供”
offer sb. sth= offer sth to sb.给某人提供某物
offer to do sth.主动提出做某事
Many people willingly offer their blood很多人自愿献血。
The young man offered the old man his own seat on the bus. =The young man offered his own seat to the old man on the bus.那个年轻人在公共汽车上将自己的座位让给了那位老人。
She offered to lend me her bike她主动提出把她的自行车借给我。
39 You should learn to relax and not put so much pressure on yourself.你应该学会放松，不要给自己这么多压力。
put pressure on sb.向某人施加压力
pressure此处用作不可数名词，意为“压力”。
I don’t want to put pressure on you我不想对你施加压力。
Parents often give their children too much pressure父母经常给他们的孩子太多压。
40 The teacher told the students to work hard together and not give up.老师告诉学生们要团结协作，不要放弃。
1）work hard together齐心协力;团结协作相当于pull together.
We need to trust each other and work hard together to make our bright future我们需要互相信任、团结协作，创造美好的未来。
2）give up放弃,为“动词+副词”型短语，宾语是人称代词时，要将人称代词放在give和up之间。
give up doing sth.放弃做某事
He is a man who never gives up easily他是一个绝不会轻易放弃的人。
Math is too difficult for me,but I can't give it up数学对我来说太难了，但我不能放弃它。
I'll never give up doing sports because I hope to keep healthy我永远不会放弃做运动，因为我希望保持健康。
四、单元语法
“make”的使役用法
make 作为及物动词，有一种特殊用法，即“使役用法”，在表示“使某人/某物做什么/怎么样”时，其后除了要有一个“宾语”之外，还要求宾语后面带上一个宾语补足语，整个句子才算完整，这种“宾语+宾语补足语”的结构是英语简单句的五种基本句型之一，其具体用法如下：
1）“make+名词/代词+形容词（短语）”意为“使某人/某物（感到）”。“make”是谓语动词，名词/代词是“make”的宾语，后面的形容词（短语）在此处作宾语补足语。
Drinking coffee can make me energetic.喝茶费让我感觉充满能量。
2）“make+名词/代词+动词原形”意为“使某人/某物做某事”，此处的动词原形是省略“to”的不定式，也作宾语补足语。
Cloudy days make me want to sleep.阴天让我想睡觉。
拓展：如果将此类句型改为被动语态，主动语态中的宾补，即不带“to”的不定式，应改为带“to”的不定式作主语的补足语。
The boss made him work for 15 hours a day.→He was made to work for 15 hours a day by the boss.
3）“make+名词/代词+名词（短语）”意为“使某人/某物变成”，名词（短语）作宾补。
We made him our monitor.我们选他当班长。
4）“make+宾语+过去分词”意为“使某人/某事被”。宾语补足语是过去分词，宾语是过去分词的逻辑宾语，宾语与过去分词之间存在逻辑上的被动关系。
We must make it done in two hours.我们必须两小时后完成它。
5）“make+宾语+现在分词”意为“使某人/某事一直”。现在分词与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。He makes the boy standing all the time.他让孩子一直站着。
宾语补足语
宾语补足语用来说明宾语的情况或动作，主要有以下几种类型：
1）形容词作宾语补足语。用来说明宾语的状态或特征，句中通常含有动词“make, keep, get, think, find, wish, leave, consider”等。
Please keep the room tidy.
2）名词（短语）作宾语补足语。用来说明宾语的身份或其他情况，句中通常含有动词“call, name, make, think, find, consider”等。
Her parents call her honey.
3）动词不定式作宾语补足语。用来表示宾语所代表的人或物所做的动作。
The Party calls on us to learn from LeiFeng.
拓展：后接不带“to”的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词（短语）:一感（feel） ;二听（listen to, hear）;三让（let, make, have）;四看（see, watch, look at, notice）, 半帮助（help后的宾语补足语若是动词不定式，可以带“to”也可以不带“to”）
4）“to+be+名词或形容词短语”作宾语补足语。该结构常用于“think, consider, believe, imagine, see, find, feel”等词之后，“to be”常可省略。
He thinks himself to be a clever man.
5）分词作宾语补足语。现在分词作宾语补足语表示宾语正在进行的动作，宾语是动作的执行者，形成逻辑上的主谓关系；过去分词作宾语补足语，表示宾语是动作的承受者，构成逻辑上的动宾关系。
I heard her singing in the next room.
have been doing和have done的区别
1）have/has+been+动词-ing形式，表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在，并可能还要继续下去。
So we’ve been spending more time together lately. 所以最近我们在一起的时间更多了。
2）have/has done现在完成时，往往强调动作已经完成，而现在完成进行时通常强调动作仍在持续。
I have repaired the washing machine. 我已经修好了洗衣机。
I have been repairing the washing machine. 我一直在修洗衣机。
3）could have done 表示“过去本能够做某事但未做”，包含“责备”意义。
How could he have missed scoring that goal 他怎么会错过进球呢？