人教版九年级全册Unit 8 It must belong to Carla.单元讲义

Unit 8 It must belong to Caral.
单词短语及重点句型
重点单词 1.whose [hu z]adj.&pron.谁的 2.truck [tr k]n.卡车;货车 3.picnic [ p kn k]n.野餐 4.rabbit [ r b t]n.兔;野兔 5.attend [ tend]v.出席;参加 6.valuable [ v lj bl]adj.贵重的;很有用的:宝贵的 7.pink [p k]adj.粉红色的;n.粉红色 8.anybody ['enib di]pron.任何人 9.happening [ h p n ]n.事件;发生的事情(常指不寻常的) 10.noise [n z]n.声音;噪音 11.policeman [p li sm n]n.(pl. policemen)男警察 12.wolf [w lf]n.狼 13.uneasy [ n i z adj.担心的;不安的 14.laboratory [l 'b r tri]n.实验室 15.outdoors [ a t d z]adv.在户外;在野外 16.coat [k t]n.外套;外衣 17.sleepy [ sli p ]adj.困倦的;瞌睡的 18.land [l nd]v.着陆;降落 19.alien [ e l n]n.外星人 20.suit [su t]n.西服;套装;v.适合 21.express [ k spres]v.表示;表达 22.circle [ s kl]n.圆圈;v.圈出 23.Britain ['br tn]n.大不列颠 24.mystery [ m st r ]n.奥秘;神秘事物 25.receive [r si v]v.接受;收到 26.historian [h st r n]n.历史学家;史学工作者 27.leader [ li d ]n.领导;领袖 28.midsummer [ m d s m ]n.仲夏:中夏 29.medical ['med kl]adj.医疗的;医学的 30.purpose [ p p s]n.目的;目标 31.prevent [pr vent]v.阻止;阻挠 32.energy [ en d ]n.力量;精力 33.position [p z n]n.位置;地方 34.burial [ ber l]n.埋葬;安葬 35.honor [' n (r)]v.尊重:表示敬意;n.荣幸:荣誉 36.ancestor [ nsest ]n.祖宗;祖先 37.victory [ v kt r ]n.胜利;成功 38.enemy [ en m ]n.敌人;仇人 39.period [ p r d]n.一段时间:时期 40.hard-working [hɑ d'w k ]adj.工作努力的:辛勤的
重点短语 1. belong to… 属于… 2. hair band 发带 3. go to/attend a concert 参加音乐会 4. in the music hall 在音乐大厅 5. something valuable/unusual 贵重/不寻常的东西 6. something strange 奇怪的事情 7. at the picnic 在野餐时 8. the rest of.... 其余的…… 9. pick it up 捡起，拾起 10. each other=one another 互相，彼此 11. nothing much 没什么（事） 12. go to a picnic=go for a picnic 去野餐 13. anything else 其它的东西 14. be interviewed by... 被…采访 15. strange noises 奇怪的 16. outside our window 在我们的窗外 17. next-door neighbor 隔壁邻居 18. at first 首先，起初 19. run away 逃走 20. feel uneasy 感到不安 21. have no idea=don't know 不知道 22. a long period of time 很长一段时间 23. have fun doing sth. 做某事开心 24. create fear制造恐惧 25. There must be …doing sth. 一定有…在做某事 26. cough a lot 咳得厉害 27. run after 追赶 28. run to do sth. 跑着去做某事 29. must be dreaming 一定在做梦 30. run for exercise 跑步锻炼 31. make a movie 拍电影 32. wear a suit 穿西服/套装 33. express a difference / result 表达差异 / 结果 34. add information 添加信息 35. at the same time 同时 36. a rock circle 一个石头圈 37. most famous historical places 最著名的历史名胜 38. a group of… 一群… 39. a bit late 有点晚儿 municate with ...与……交流 41. so many centuries ago许多世纪前 42. point out 指出 43. put together 放在一起 44. in a certain way 以某种方式 45. on midsummer's morning 在仲夏的上午 46.shine directly into… 直接照进… 47. the center of ... ……的中心 48. move up 上升，提升 49. the position of... …的位置 50. burial place 墓地 51. a place to honor ancestors祭拜祖先的地方 52. celebrate a victory over an enemy庆祝战胜敌人
常考句型 1.My wife thinks that it could be an animal, but my friends and I think it must be teenagers having fun.我妻子认为那可能是一头动物，但我的朋友们和我都认为那一定是小青年在搞怪。 2.We live in a small town and almost everyone knows each other.我们生活在一个小镇，几乎每个人都彼此相识。 3. Nothing much ever happened around here. 这儿从没发生过什么大事。 4.I remember I had my schoolbag with me at the picnic. 我记得野餐的时候我随身带着书包。 5.I left early, before the rest of my friends. 我离开得很早，在其余的朋友之前。 6.One woman in the area saw something running away, but it was dark so she is not sure. 附近的一个女人看到有东西跑了，但是天太黑，所以她也不确定。 7.Everyone in our town is feeling uneasy, and everyone has his or her own ideas.镇上的每个人都感到不安，每个人都有他们自己的解释。 8. Most people hope that this animal or person will simply go away, but I don’t think that is going to happen.大多数人都希望这个动物或人离开就行，但我认为那不会发生。 9.The noise-maker is having too much fun creating fear in the neighborhood. 这个噪音制造者通过在附近制造恐慌正在获得极大快乐。 10. People like to go to this place especially in June as they want to see the sun rising on the longest day of the year.人们尤其喜欢在六月到这个地方去，因为他们想在一个中最长的那天看日出。 11.As you walk there, you can feel the energy from your feet move up your body. 当你走过那儿之时，你会感到一股能量从你的脚爬上你的身体。 12. For many years, historians believed Stonehenge was a temple where ancient leaders tried to communicate with the gods.多年以来，历史学科们相信巨石阵是一个寺庙，在那儿，古代首领们努力与神灵交流。 13.Some people think the rocks can not only stop people from becoming ill but also keep them healthy. 一些人认为那些岩石不但能防止人们生病，而且也保证人们健康。 14. No one is sure what Stonehenge was used for, but most agree that the position of the stones must be for a special purpose. 没人确定巨石阵用于什么，但大多数人都同意那些石头的位置一定蕴含着某种目的。 15. One of the greatest mysteries is how it was built because the stones are so big and heavy.最大的迷团之一是这是怎样被建成的，因为那些石头如此大而重。 16.Every year it receives more than 750000 visitors. 每年它都会接纳多于750000的游客。 17. Sally has been coughing a lot. Sally 一真都咳嗽得很厉害。
一、单词讲解
1 whose adj.&pron.谁的
whose作代词或形容词，意为“谁的”。
Whose sweater is that 那是谁的毛衣
Whose are these flowers这些花是谁的？
辨析：who，whom与whose的用法区别
用法 例句
who 意为“谁”，在句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时代替 whom Who is the boy behind the door 门后的男孩是谁
whom 意为“谁”，在句中可作宾语，作宾语时，可与who互换 To whom is your mother speaking 你的妈妈正在和谁说话
whose 意为“谁的”，是 who 的所有格形式，在句中可作主语，也可作定语 Whose schoolbag is this 这是谁的书包
2 picnic n.野餐
at the picnic 在野餐 have a picnic 野餐 go for a picnic 去野餐
If it doesn’t rain tomorrow，we will go for a picnic.如果明天不下雨的话，我们将去野餐。
3 attend v.出席;参加
attend作及物动词，意为“出席参加”。
Judy will attend a concert next Sunday.朱迪下周日要去参加一场音乐会。
Bill would like to attend the wedding of his best friend.比尔非常想参加他的最好的朋友的婚礼。
辨析：attend，take part in，join与join in
用法 例句
attend 意为“出席,参加”，为正式用语，通常用于指“参加”会议、典礼、婚礼、葬礼等。 We will attend the class meeting this afternoon. 今天下午我们会参加班会。
take part in 主要指“参加”会议或群众性活动等，着重说明句子主语参加该项活动并在活动中发挥作用。 You can take part in many activities,like bird watching.你可以参加许多活动，比如观鸟。
join 多指“加入”某组织、团体并成为其中的一员，其后常接表示组织的集体名词，如俱乐部、军队等。 Young students like to join the music club.年轻学生们喜欢参加音乐俱乐部。
join in 多指“参加”小规模的活动，如游戏、球赛等join sb.in （doing） sth.意为“和某人一起做某事”，in （doing）sth.有时也可省去。 Come and join in the football game.快来参加足球比赛吧!
4 valuable adj.贵重的;很有用的:宝贵的
valuable作形容词，意为“贵重的；很有用的；宝贵的”。
The most valuable player is James. 最有价值的球员是詹姆斯。
The watch is quite valuable.这块手表非常名贵。
valuable在句中可用作定语，也可用作表语。用作表语时，可与介词to连用。
The handbook is valuable to me.这本手册对我很有价值。
拓展：valuable的名词形式为value，意为“价值”。
The winner will get the value of ￥10，000.获胜者将会得到一万元的奖励。
The value of the work experience should not be forgotten.工作经验的价值不应该被忽略。
invaluable (adj) 不是“valuable”的反义词，而是相当于“very valuable”极有价值的。
5 anybody pron.任何人
anybody 多用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中，somebody 多用于肯定句中。
Did anybody call me just now 刚才有人给我打过电话吗？
Somebody is knocking at the door.有人在敲门。
当anyone/anybody 表示“任何人”时，可用于肯定句中。
Anybody can come here to attend the party.任何人都可以来这儿参加宴会。
当形容词修饰anyone/anybody, someone/ somebody, anything, something 等不定代词时，形容词要后置。
Did you see anyone interesting 你见过有趣的人吗？
6 noise n.声音;噪音
noise作名词，意为“声音；噪音”。
It's not polite to make to much noise in public.在公共场合制造噪音是没有礼貌的。
Where is the noise 哪来的噪音
辨析：noise，voice与sound
易混词 用法 例句
noise 常指不悦耳的声音，如噪音、杂音、吵闹声等。 There was a loud noise outside the classroom.教室外面一片嘈杂声。
voice 多指人发出的声音，如说话声、唱歌声等。 The physics teacher had to raise his voice.物理老师只好提高了声音说话。
sound 泛指人们所能听到的自然界的一切声音。 Light travels much faster than sound.光的传播速度比声音快得多。
7 policeman n.(pl. policemen)男警察
policeman的复数是变a为e，即policemen。类似的名词还有man—men，woman—women等。
police 意为“警察”，是集体名词，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
The police are investigating the cause of the accident. 警方正在调查该事故的原因。
8 sleepy adj.困倦的;瞌睡的
sleepy 作形容词，意为“困倦的；瞌睡的”，动词为sleep。
Because of tiredness，he is sleepy. 因为疲劳，他昏昏欲睡。
Go to bed if you feel sleepy.困了就去睡觉吧。
辨析：sleepy与asleep的用法区别
易混词 用法 例句
sleepy 形容词，意为“困倦的,瞌睡的”。既可作定语，也可作表语。 Look at the sleepy child.看那个瞌睡的孩子。
asleep 形容词，意为“睡着的”，只能作表语，不能作定语。 fall asleep 意为“入睡”。 Tom was too excited to fall asleep last night.昨晚汤姆太兴奋了，以至于无法入睡。
9 land v.着陆;降落
1）lan作动词，表示“着陆；降落”（反义词take off起飞）
Finally, our plane landed safely.最终我们的飞机着陆了。
2）land作名词，表示“陆地；大地”
Most mammals live on land.大多数动物都生活在陆地上。
These lands belonged to my father.这些陆地都是我的爸爸的。
10 suit n.西服;套装;v.适合
1）suit作名词，表示“西服;套装”
You don’t need to wear a suit. It’s an informal meeting.你不需要穿西装，那是个非正式的会议。
2）suit还可用作及物动词，意为“适合”。
The coat suits you fine.这件外套很适合你。
拓展：suitable形容词，意为“适宜的；合适的”，be suitable for 适合…的，be suitable to do... 适合于做…。
Nobody was suitable for the job.无人适合做那份工作。
The shoes are suitable to travel.这种鞋适用于旅行。
11 express v.表示;表达
express作动词，表示“表示;表达”
I hardly know how to express my thanks.我几乎不知道该如何表达我的谢意。
express的常用搭配：express oneself表达自己的思想感情
He can express himself easily in English.他能轻松地用英语表达自己的思想感情。
拓展：expression名词，意为“表达”。
The expression on her face showed that she didn’t understand me.她脸上的表情表明她没听懂我的话。
12 circle n.圆圈;v.圈出
1）circle用作名词，也可表示具有共同爱好、兴趣的“集团；圈子”
He is well-known in theatrical circles. 他在演艺圈赫赫有名。
2）circle可用作动词，意为“圈出”。
Please circle the correct answers.请圈出正确的答案。
13 receive v.接受;收到
辨析“receive”和“accept”的用法：
①receive表示一种客观的行为，指收到但不明确是否主动接受了。
I received an invitation to her wedding.我受到了她的婚礼邀请函。
②accept表示的是一种主观的行为，并伴随有一种满意或允诺的意味，即收到并接受。
I accepted her invitation to her wedding. 我接受了她的婚礼邀请。
14 purpose n.目的;目标
purpose (n)目的；目标；意图（它是可数名词，常用单数形式与“of”连用。
the purpose of doing sth做某事的目的 on purpose 故意地
You’ll never know her purpose.你永远都不知道他的意图。
15 prevent v.阻止;阻挠
prevent/ stop sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事（在主动语态中“from”可以省略，但在被动语态中“from”不能省略。但keep sb from doing sth 后的“from”不可省略。
Nothing could prevent/stop/keep her from going there.没有什么可以阻止她去那。
We must do our best to prevent the air pollution。我们必须尽最大努力阻止空气污染。
16 position n.位置;地方
the position of ……的位置
Can you tell me your position 你能告诉我你的位置吗？
17 honor v.尊重:表示敬意;n.荣幸:荣誉
1）honor作动词，表示“尊重；表示敬 意 ”
If you honor somebody，you respect his good fame and look up to him.如果你尊重某人，你就是尊重他的好名声并仰慕他。
be honored with...意为“被授予…荣誉”，为被动结构。主语通常是人，宾语则为荣誉、奖项或称号等。
主动结构为honor sb.with...“授予某人……”。
He is honored with the title of a model teacher.他被授予“模范教师”的称号。
2）honor还可用作名词意为“荣誉，奖励”。
in honor of向…表示敬意；纪念。
In honor of the people who lost their lives in Yushu earthquake，people placed flowers beside a building destroyed.为了纪念那些在玉树地震中失去生命的人，人们把鲜花放在一栋被摧毁的建筑物旁边。
18 victory n.胜利;成功
victory胜利，成功，赢（它既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词），它的反义词是“defeat (n)”失败。它后面要引出“战胜”的对象时用介词“over”。
The government has won a very important victory.政府取得了重大的胜利。
19 period n.一段时间:时期
1）period /'p ri d/ n.一段时间；时期
This is a very important period. 这是一个非常重要的时期。
2）period n.时代；时期
the period of the Civil War美国南北战争时期
3）period n.(一堂)课，课时
We have four periods of English every week. 我们每星期上四节英语课。
二、课文对话及原文
1.Conversation
Linda：Mom，I’m really worried.
Mom：Why？What’s wrong？
Linda：I can’t find my schoolbag.
Mom：Well，where did you last put it
Linda：I can’t remember! I attended a concert yesterday so it might still be in the music hall.
Mom：Do you have anything valuable in your schoolbag
Linda：No，just my books，my pink hair band and some tennis balls.
Mom：So it can’t be stolen.
Linda：Oh，wait! I went to a picnic after the concert. I remember I had my schoolbag with me at the picnic.
Mom：So could it still be at the park
Linda：Yes. I left early，before the rest of my friends. I think somebody must have picked it up. I’ll call them now to check if anybody has it.
2.Passage
We live in a small town and almost everyone knows each other. It used to be very quiet. Nothing much ever happened around here.However, these days, something unusual is happening in our town.Victor, a teacher at my school, is really nervous.
When he was interviewed by the town newspaper, he said, “Every night we hear strange noises/n z z/ outside our window.My wife thinks that it could be an animal, but my friends and I think it must be teenagers having fun.My parents called the policemen/p 'li sm n/, but they couldn’t find anything strange. They think it might be the wind. I don’t think so!”
Victor’s next door neighbor Helen is worried, too. “At first, I thought that it might be a dog, but I couldn’t see a dog or anything else, either. So I guess it can’t be a dog. But then, what could it be ” One woman in the area saw something running away, but it was dark so she is not sure. “I think it was too big to be a dog,” she said. “Maybe it was a bear or a wolf.
Everyone in our town is feeling uneasy, and everyone has his or her own ideas. There must be something visiting the homes in our neighborhood, but what is it We have no idea. Most people hope that this animal or person will simply go away, but I do not think that is going to happen. The noise maker is having too much fun creating fear in the neighborhood.
Stonehenge—Can Anyone Explain Why It Is There？
Stonehenge，a rock circle ，is not only one of Britain’s most famous historical places but also one of its greatest mysteries. Every year it receives more than 750，000 visitors.People like to go to this place especially in June as they want to see the sun rising on the longest day of the year.
For many years,historians believed Stonehenge was a temple where ancient leaders tried to communicate with the gods. However，historian Paul Stoker thinks this can’t be true because Stonehenge was built so many centuries ago. “The leaders arrived in England much later，”he points out.
Another popular idea is that Stonehenge might be a kind of calendar. The large stones were put together in a certain way. On midsummer’s morning，the sun shines directly into the center of the stones. Other people believe the stones have a medical purpose.They think the stones can prevent illness and keep people healthy.
“As you walk there，you can feel the energy from your feet move up your body，”said one visitor. No one is sure what Stonehenge was used for，but most agree that the position of the stones must be for a special purpose.Some think it might be a burial place or a place to Honor ancestors. Others think it was built to celebrate a victory over an enemy.
Stonehenge was built slowly over a long period of time.Most historians believe it must be almost 5,000 years old. One of the greatest mysteries is how it was built because the stones are so big and heavy. In 2001, a group of English volunteers tried to build another Stonehenge, but they couldn’t. “We don’t really know who built Stonehenge,” says Paul Stoker. “And perhaps we might never know, but we do know they must have been hard working — and great planners!”
三、重要知识点讲解
1 —Whose volleyball is this 这是谁的排球？—It must be Carla’s. / It must belong to Carla.它肯定是卡拉的。
1）辨析“whose/ who”和“whom”的用法：
①whose (adj&pron)谁的；结构“Whose+一般疑问句/Whose +名词+一般疑问句？”用于询问某物的主人是谁，回答时用名词所有格或名词性物主代词。
②who (pron)谁；是主格，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
③whom (pron) 谁；是宾格，在句中作介词或动词的宾语。
2）must 一定，必定（表示推测）。“must”只能用于表肯定推测，且表示的可能性很大。
This book must be Linda’s because her name is on it.
表示推测的情态动词 + 动词原形
can’t (0%) “不可能”; may/ might/ can/ could （20%-80%）“可能”；must（100%）“必定”
2 He was the only little kid at the picnic.他是野餐中唯一的小孩。
1）only (adj)唯一的，在句中只能作定语。only (adv)只有；仅仅。通常放在所修饰的词之前，如果所修饰的词位于句末，也可将“only”放在所修饰词的后面。
2）go on a picnic = go for a picnic去野餐 have a picnic野餐
This is my only chance, I must seize it.
We can solve the problem only in this way.
3 The hair band might belong to Linda.这个发带可能属于琳达。
belong to属于（“to”是介词）；它相当于“be owned by”。“belong to”后接人名（不能用所有格）/人称代词宾格（不能用物主代词）。“belong to”的主语通常是物。“belong to” 不能用于进行时与被动语态。
sth belongs to sb= sth is sb’s某物是某人的
The yellow car belongs to Mr. Smith.= The yellow car is Mr. Smith’s.
拓展：sth.+情态动词+be+sb’s = sth+情态动词+ belong to sb.
The watch belongs to Tom. = This watch must be Tom’s.
4 What’s wrong 你怎么了？
What’s wrong (with)… What’s the matter (with)…. What’s the trouble (with) …= What’s up (with) 怎么了/出什么事了？/ 出什么毛病了？它既可用于询问某东西出了什么毛病。
What’s wrong with your bike It’s broken.
5 I attended a concert yesterday so it might still be in the music hall.昨天我参加了一场音乐会，因此它可能还在音乐大厅里。
辨析“attend”“join / join in”和“take part in”的用法：
①attend (vt)参加。正式用语，指参加会议、婚礼、葬礼、典礼；去上课、上学、听报告、音乐会等。
拓展：attend to 注意；专心于；照料。如：If you don’t attend to your teacher, you will never learn anything.
If you go out, who will attend to the baby
He’ll attend an important meeting tomorrow.
②join (vt)参加。指加入某个党派、团体、组织等，成为其成员之一。如：When did your brother join the army
③join in参加。既可指和某人一起去做某事，又可指参加小规模的活动，如球赛、游戏等，常用于日常口语中。
Will you join us in the discussion
④take part in参加。指参加会议或群众性活动等，着重说明句子主语参加该项活动并在活动中发挥作用。“part”前一般不用冠词，但“part”前有形容词修饰时，要用不定冠词。“take an active part in”积极参加
We’ll take part in social practice during the summer vacation. Lincoln took an active part in politics and was strongly against slavery.
6 I remember I had my schoolbag with me at the picnic.我记得在野餐时，我还带着书包。
remember (vt)记住。其反义词为“forget”（忘记）
forget to do sth忘记要做某事（事情未做） forget doing sth忘记做过某事（事情已做）
remember doing sth记得做过某事（事情已做） remember to do sth记住要做某事（事情还没做）
7 I think somebody must have picked it up.我想一定有人把它捡走了。
1）must have done用于对已经发生的事情进行肯定推测，意思为“一定做了某事”，其否定形式can't have done不可能做过某事。“should have done”本该做某事而实际上未做(含有责备或遗憾的语气)。
2）pick up捡起，抬起；接电话；（开车）接人（当人称代词作其宾语时，必须放在“pick”与“up”之间。
8 I’ll call them now to check if anybody has it.现在我就给他们打电话，看看是否有人捡走了。
call sb=phone sb/ring sb= give sb a call给某人打电话
Anybody can make mistakes.
9 Nothing much ever happened around here.几乎没有什么事发生。
nothing much没有什么；不太重要；价值不太大
There’s nothing much in the fridge.
10 However, these days, something unusual is happening in our town.然而在这些天，我们镇上发生了一些不寻常的事。
1）unusual (adj)不寻常的；独特的（其反义词usual平常的）unusually (adv) 不寻常地；独特地usually (adv)通常地
2）Would you please… 是表示请求的疑问句。
（形容词修饰复合不定代词“something/anything” 时，通常要放在不定代词的后面。“something”一般用在肯定句中，而“anything”一般用在否定句和疑问句中，但在表示请求或客气且希望得到肯定的答复的疑问句中要用“something”）。
3）as usual与往常一样
something unusual 一些不同寻常的事（形容词修饰复合不定代词“something, anything, everything, nothing”等时，通常要放在不定代词的后面。）
不定代词不张扬，修饰成分后面藏；谓语动词用单数，何时何地都一样。
11 I left early, before the rest of my friends.在剩余的朋友之前，我很早就离开。
the rest of... （ 剩余的…）作主语，谓语动词的单复数由of 后边的名词决定 。
12 Everyone in our town is feeling uneasy, and everyone has his or her own ideas.镇上的每个人都感觉很不安，并且都有自己的看法。
feel用作系动词时，其后接形容词。
①feel表示某人的感觉，以人作主语。I don’t feel very well today.
②表示某物摸起来给人的感觉，以物作主语。Silk feels soft and smooth.
③feel like想要做某事（其后接名词或动名词）
feel like doing sth = would like to do sth = want to do sth想要做某事
13 There must be something visiting the homes in our neighborhood, but what is it 肯定有什么东西来到了我们社区，但它是什么？
there must be是含有情态动词“must”的“there be”句型，表示对现在的情况作肯定的推测，意思为“一定有……”
There must be someone taking a shower at home.
拓展：There be＋主语＋doing sth.有某人（物）正在做某事（表存在）
There must be＋主语＋ doing 一定有某人（物）正在做…（对某种存在的推测）
There must be someone playing the violin there. 准有人在那里拉小提琴。
14 Most people hope that this animal or person will simply go away, but I do not think that is going to happen.大多数人希望这只动物或这个人就这样离开，但我认为那不可能。
1）go away离开；走开（它不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，若要和表示时间段的时间状语连用，要转换成“be away”。
2）这里think的主语是第一人称、谓语动词是没有任何副词修饰的一般现在时，它的否定形式实际上是对宾语从句的否定，表示说话者提出的一种委婉的看法或主张，此时需将否定前移。有相同用法的词还有：believe, suppose, imagine, expect, feel。
I don't think that he will help us. I don't believe that he is right. I don't suppose that he likes it.
3）go ahead开始，前进 go by（时间）过去 go after追求；追逐 go on往前走
go off 爆炸；响起 go out 出去；熄灭 go over检查; 复习 go through经历，浏览
It made me sad that you had to go away.
4）辨析：happen与take place
①happen 特别指那些偶然或未能预见的事件发生。
A car accident happened to him yesterday.
I happened to meet him yesterday.
拓展：happen 的用法：Sth. happened to sb.某人发生了某事 Sb. happened to do sth.某人碰巧做某事
②take place 指某事按计划进行或按计划发生。
take place有“举行”之意，而happen有“碰巧”的意思。
15 The noise maker is having too much fun creating fear in the neighborhood.这个噪音制造者对其在社区里引发的恐慌正乐在其中呢。
have/ has fun玩耍。其后常接“in doing sth”，表示“做某事很好玩”。它相当于“enjoy oneself”和“have/ has a good/ great time”。
We had great fun in playing in Watertown.
16 I hear water running in the bathroom.我听到浴室里有流水声。
hear sb/ sth do sth 听见某人/某物做了某事（表示听见动作发生的全过程。
hear sb/sth doing sth听见某人/某物正在做某事（表示听到瞬间动作正在发生。）
Lily heard him read English this morning.
17 Whenever I try to read this book, I feel sleepy.每当我试着读这本书时，我就想睡觉。
1）whenever (conj)每当；每次，相当于“every time”，引导时间状语从句。
whenever (conj)=no matter when无论何时
2）辨析“sleepy”“sleep”和“asleep”的用法：
①sleepy (adj)困倦的，可作表语和定语。
feel sleepy感到困倦
②sleep (vt&n)睡觉
have a good sleep睡个好觉
③asleep (adj)睡着的；只作表语。
fall asleep入睡
Whenever my dad goes abroad, he brings me a lot of presents/gifts.
You can come over whenever you like.
18 He could be running for exercise.他可能在跑步锻炼身体。
1）此处“could”表示推测，意思为“可能”。“could”表示的可能性小。“could be doing”用于对正在发生的事情进行推测，表示“可能正在做……”。
2）exercise (Un)锻炼，运动（它既可用于指身体上的锻炼，也可用于指脑部的锻炼。exercise (vt)锻炼，操练
He could be sleeping.他可能正在睡觉。
Diet and exercise will change your shape.节食和锻炼会改变你的体形。You should exercise more.你应该多锻炼些。
19 adding information 增加信息
辨析“information”“message”和“news”的用法：
①information (Un)消息，信息。它通常指在阅读、观察、谈话或书信往来中获取的消息、信息等。
They must find our some information about planes to America as soon as possible.
②message (Cn)信息，消息，音信。它一般指口头或书写的消息。
I sent a message back to him.
③news (Un)消息，音信，新闻。它一般指最近发生的事的最新消息。
No news is good news.
20 Stonehenge, a rock circle, is.not only one of Britain's most famous historical places but also one of its greatest mysteries.巨石阵，一个岩石圈，它不仅是英国最著名的历史古迹之一，而且也是英国最大的迷团之一。
1）not only... but also...　不但…而且…
2）either... or... 　或者…或者…；要么…要么…；不是…就是…（两者选择其一）
3）neither... nor...　既不…也不…（两者都不）
4）both... and... 　……和……（两者）都
这四组连词都可以用来连接两个性质相同的并列成分，作主语、谓语、宾语或表语等，但⑴⑵⑶在连接句子主语时，谓语动词采取“就近原则”。both... and... 连接两个主语时，谓语动词通常用使用复数形式。
Neither he or she works here. 他和她都不在这里工作。（主语）
You can either come with me or walk home. 你要么跟我一块去，要么走回家去。（谓语）
I have neither time nor money. 我既没时间也没钱。（宾语）
He is not only a teacher, but also an actor. 他不仅是一名教师，也是一位演员。（表语）
Either you or I am wrong. 不是你错就是我错。（表语）
You may stay either in a hotel or in a private house. 你可以住在饭店或私人的家里。（地点状语）
She was coming back either today or tomorrow. 她不是今天来就是明天来。（时间状语）
21 People like to go to this place especially in June as they want to see the sun rising on the longest day of the year.人们特别喜欢六月来这里，因为他们想在一年中白昼最长的一天看日出。
辨析“as”“because”“since”和“for”的用法：as/ because/ since和for都表示原因的连词，它们的语气由强至弱依次为：because- since- as- for
①as从属连词，意思为“因为，由于”。它表示的原因是已知的事实或显而易见的原因，含义与“since”相同，但没有“since”正式。
We all like her as she is kind.
②because 从属连词，意思为“因为”。它表示直接原因，可用于回答“why”提出的问题、引导表语从句、用于强调句等。
I stayed at home because it rained.
③since 从属连词，意思为“因为，既然”。它表示的原因是显然的或已为人所知的。
Since everyone is here, let’s start.
④for 并列连词，意思为“因为”。它有时表示因果关系（此时不可与“because”互换），有时不表示因果关系，而是对前面分句内容的解释或推断（此时不可与“because”互换）。
The ground is wet, for it rained last night.
22 For many years, historians believed Stonehenge was a temple where ancient leaders tried to communicate with the gods.多年来，历史学家们坚信巨石阵是古代首领试图与神灵沟通的庙宇。
1）本句中，“Stonehenge…with the gods”是一个省略了引导词“that”的宾语从句，作“believed”的宾语。宾语从句中又含有一个由关系副词“where”引导的定语从句，修饰先行词“temple”，“where”在定语从句中作地点状语。
2）lead (vt)领导，引导。leader (n)领导，领袖
He was one of the greatest leaders in history.
3）lead sb to pl.带某人去……
He said he would lead us to the manager’s office.
23 “ The leaders arrived in England much later.” He points out.他指出：“那些首领们抵达英国是很久以后的事了。”
1）辨析“arrive”“get”和“reach”的用法：
①arrive (vi)到达，抵达。后可直接跟地点副词；若要跟地点名词须先加上介词“at”（用于小地方）或“in”（用于大地方）。如：When did you arrive here
⑵get (vi)到达，抵达。后可直接跟地点副词，跟地点名词时须先加上介词“to”。如：We got to Shanghai that evening.
③reach (vt)到达；抵达。后直接跟地点名词，也可跟“home, there, here”等地点副词。如：They won’t reach the railway station until 8:00.
2）point (vt)指
point to指向（强调所指的方向） point at指着（强调所指的对象） point out指出
He pointed to the red house. He pointed at the red spot on the map.
24 Another popular idea is that Stonehenge might be a kind of calendar.另一种流行的观点是巨石阵可能是某种日历。
other, the other, others, the others, another用法：
①other　adj. 别的，其他的pron.其余的（人或事物）
Do you have any other question(s) 　We need to help each other.
②the other特指两者中的另一个。经常构成： one... the other...（the other = the other +单数名词）
He has two daughters. One is a nurse, the other is a worker.
③others 特指某一范围内的人或物除去一些外，剩下部分中的另一些（不是全部）。
经常构成：some... others... , others... 　
Some of us like singing and dancing, others like sports, others like....有时也泛指其他的人或物：We must help others.（我们必须帮助别人。）
④the others 特指某集体中除了一个（些）后，剩下的部分（全部）。the others = the other +复数名词
Two boys will go to the zoo, and the others will stay at home.
⑤another 泛指同类事物中（三者或三者以上或数量不明）另一个。经常构成: one... another... , another...　　（another = another +单数名词）
I don't like this one. Please show me another.
拓展：表示“再、又，还”时：another +基数词+名词复数＝基数词+ more +名词复数
I'll be here for another two weeks/two more weeks.
25 Other people believe the stones have a medical purpose.也有其他人认为这些石头的修建有着医学的目的。
medical (adj)医疗的；医学的（它常用在句中作定语，修饰名词）；medicine (n)药
He is a medical student.
26 One of the greatest mysteries is how it was built because the stones are so big and heavy.最大的奥秘之一就是它是如何建成的，因为这些石头是如此的巨大和沉重。
one of +the/形容词性物主代词/指示代词+形容词最高级+复数名词（表示“最……的……之一”， 作主语时，谓语动词使用单数形式。）
27 I’m still waiting for the bus, so I might / could be a bit late for the party.我还在等公共汽车，因此参加聚会我可能会迟到一会儿。
wait for等候；等待（其后接表示人或物的名词或代词）。
wait for sb/ sth to do sth 等某人/某物做某事
We are waiting for a but.
We are waiting for you to give us a reply.
28 I just talked to her on the phone, and she’s at work right now.我刚和她通过电话，她现在正在上班呢。
介词“on”此处意思为“使用…机器，用…设备”。
on the phone打电话; on the computer用电脑
My dad has been on the computer the whole day.
四、单元语法
情态动词表推测的用法
情态动词中的must，can，could，may，might都可以表推测。其中must表示的可能性最大，can/ could 次之，may/ might 最小。
1.must的用法
1）表示推测“可能性”时，意为“一定，准是”，语气较肯定，较有把握。
He must be an American. = It is certain that he is an American.他准是个美国人。
2）must 表推测只能用于肯定句中。如果要表示“一定不，肯定不”的意思，应用can’t，如果要询问某种可能，应用can。
He must know my address.他肯定知道我的地址。（一定）
He can't know my address.他肯定不知道我的地址。（一定不）
Can he know my address他可能知道我的地址吗（询问可能性）
3）must表示推测时，可以推测现在/正在进行/过去发生的动作。
He must have a car now.他现在一定有一辆小汽车。（现在）
He must be doing his exercises in the classroom.他一定正在教室里做练习题。（正在进行）
He must have finished the work.他一定已经完成了工作。（过去发生）
拓展：must 表示推测时很少用于将来的情况。一般不用“He must come tomorrow.”，可用“It’s certain/ I'm sure that he will come tomorrow."。
2.can/could的用法
1）can表示推测“可能性”时，用于否定句或疑问句中。can’t“一定不”，语气很肯定。can在疑问句中的意思是“会，可能”。
He can't be at home.=It is impossible that he is at home.他一定不在家。
2）can/ can't后接进行时/完成时，表示对现在发生的动作或过去发生的动作进行推测。
They can't be reading in the library. 他们一定不在图书馆里读书。
He can't have gone to Shanghai for I saw him a minute ago. 他不可能去了上海，我刚才还看见他了。
3）could 可用于表示客气、委婉、礼貌的请求语气。
Excuse me，could you tell me the way to the bus station 打扰了，请问去公共汽汽车站怎么走
4）couldn't表示否定推测，表示某事不可能是真实的，或由于特定事实或环境某事肯定不会发生。
It couldn't possibly be poison.它不可能是毒药。
3.may 和 might 的用法
1）may，might 表示推测“可能性”时，意思是“可能，也许”，语气没有must 肯定。
He may/ might be an American. =It is possible that he is an American.他可能是个美国人。
拓展：might不表示过去时态，只是语气上比 may 更委婉，表示的可能性更小。
2）may，might 表推测时，可以用于否定句中，意思是“可能不，也许不”，但不用于疑问句。
He may/might not be at home.他也许不在家。
3）may，might 可以推测现在正在发生的动作或过去发生的动作。
He may/ might be sleeping now.他可能正在睡觉。（现在）
The boy may/ might not be watching TV at home. 那个男孩儿可能没在家里看电视。（现在）
These students may/ might have seen the film before. 这些学生以前可能看过这部电影。（过去）
4）may，might还可以推测将来的情况。
I think we should take raincoats with us. It may rain.我想我们应该带上雨衣，可能会下雨。