中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
教学设计
课题 单元 课型
使用教材 牛津译林 出版时间 2013 学科 英语 年级 八
教材分析 首先被动语态小视频导入。接下来通过Reading部分的几个被动语态的句子引出一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态结构; 继而讲解被动语态的用法，让学生对被动语态有明确的认识。接下来讲解主动语态与被动语态之间的转换，通过课本上的一些练习让学生进行巩固。用一些图片创设情境来巩固这两种时态的被动语态，最后设置一部分当堂练习对本课节内容进行检测。
学习目标 通过本课节的教学，让学生达成以下目标：1.知识目标掌握词汇：hold, set, hand out, set up2.能力目标(1)了解使用被动语态的语境;(2)掌握并能正确运用被动语态的一般现在时和一般过去时;(3)熟悉并能运用引出动作执行者的单词by。3.情感目标 培养学生的社会责任感，让学生积极参加社会公益慈善活动，把助人为乐作为自己人生重要的一部分。
重点 掌握并能正确运用被动语态的一般现在时和一般过去时; 熟悉并运用引出动作执行者的单词by。
难点 了解使用被动语态的语境。
教学过程
教学环节 教师活动 学生活动 设计意图
导入（5分钟） 1.小视频导入2.主动语态和被动语态 语态是动词的一种形式，表示的是主语和谓语之间的关系。英语中的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。1. 主动语态(active voice):主语是谓语的执行者;2. 被动语态(passive voice):主语是谓语的承受者。 【设计意图：从学生熟悉的主题导入本节课的目标语法项目:一般现在时和一般过去式的被动语态。】
课前活动（10分钟） 1.Work out the rules2.被动语态的基本用法3.主动语态与被动语态的转化4.被动语态的构成 The usage of Passive Voice. (1) 动作的执行者是泛指或者不言自明时。(2) 在不知道动作的执行者是谁时。 (3) 需要强调动作的承受者时。(4) 出于委婉或礼貌而避开谈论动作的执行者时。(5) 在被动语态的句子中, 如果我们需要指出动作的执行者, 可以由by引出。 【设计意图：让学生观察体会本单元课文中的被动句，感知被动语态的意义、功能及用途。巩固练习由易到难，最后的语篇填空融阅读与语法训练为一体。】
课中活动（15分钟） The Class 1, Grade 8 students are talking about the different things people can do for the poor. Look at the pictures and help them complete their notes using the words in brackets and the passive voice. Add the word by when necessary.完成AAmy and Daniel are talking about plete their conversation with the words in brackets using the passive voice. 完成B 完成A完成B核对答案 【设计意图：让学生在简单的操练中巩固一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态的肯定句结构。】
课后活动（15分钟） 1. Complete the sentences2. When to use the passive voice3. Identify the passive voice in different tenses4. Correct the plete the conversation6. Fill in the blanks 【设计意图：巩固练习由易到难，最后的语篇填空融阅读与语法训练为一体，有助于激发学生学习语法的热情。】
课堂总结 主动语态变被动语态的口诀宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。 谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。 “用”要随着主语变，人称时态要弄准。
作业
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HYPERLINK "http://www.21cnjy.com/" 21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
课后练习课程基本信息
学科 英语 年级 八年级下册
课题 Unit 7 International charitiesGrammar
使用教材 牛津译林版 出版日期 2013
学生信息
姓名 学校 班级 学号
学习目标
通过本课节的教学，让学生达成以下目标：1.知识目标掌握词汇：hold, set, hand out, set up2.能力目标(1)了解使用被动语态的语境;(2)掌握并能正确运用被动语态的一般现在时和一般过去时;(3)熟悉并能运用引出动作执行者的单词by。3.情感目标 培养学生的社会责任感，让学生积极参加社会公益慈善活动，把助人为乐作为自己人生重要的一部分。重点难点1.重点：掌握并能正确运用被动语态的一般现在时和一般过去时; 熟悉并运用引出动作执行者的单词by。2.难点：了解使用被动语态的语境。
课后练习
一、单词拼写1．The streets were (cover) with a lot of white snow overnight.2． (develop) a good habit of reading is helpful in language learning.3．The director said that the film (basic) on the things of everyday life.4．The Titanic, the biggest ship of its day, (think) to be unsinkable but it sank on its first voyage in 1912.5．A lot of things are sold in the shop, (include) many school things.6．There are many (charity) around the world.7．I don’t have as much money as before, but my life is more (meaning).8．You should try your best (avoid) making mistakes.9．Another bridge over the Luo River (build) last year.10．—Look! The light in your bedroom is still on.—Sorry, I forgot (turn) it off.二、单项选择11．Amy’s joke ________ by everyone in the class.A．laughed at B．was laughed C．laughed D．was laughed at12．I feel very happy because I ________ to be the host at the Art Festival.A．choose B．am chosen C．chosen D．have chosen13．— ________ the Internet ________ in your school — Yes, but the computer in our office ________ down.A．Is; used; has broken B．Does; use; was brokenC．Has; used; broke D．Did; use; was breaking14．Children, don’t waste your time looking through short videos on the phone. It’s important to ________ a healthy habit in the daily life.A．develop B．train C．compete D．change15．He won in the story competition and his parents were very ________.A．smart B．active C．sorry D．proud16．—Did you take your ________ , Judy —Yes. I have a fever. I should take some medicine.A．trouble B．temperature C．matter D．meal17．—Your city looks beautiful! —Yes. Lots of trees and grass ________ last year.A．were planting B．were planted C．are planted18．—Peter, please give your ________ about the problem.—It seems hard, but there must be a way to solve it.A．opinion B．relation C．result D．matter19．—The trees in the photo look so wonderful. Where ________ the photo ________ —In my hometown. It is a place of natural beauty.A．did; take B．was; taken C．does; take D．is; taken20．—Darling, why are you putting all of our old clothes in the bag —Oh, I just want to ________ to the charity.A．give them out B．give it away C．hand it out D．give them away三、完型填空阅读短文，从每题A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个能填入文章相应空白的最佳答案。When we hear the word “volunteering”, what do you think of it You may think volunteering is to 21 others without money. But the experience of helping others can be more meaningful than 22 . A few months ago, I learned that the city food bank needed some 23 .I used to be the organizer in my group of friends. So, I sent letters to 10 friends. I’d like to 24 a group that would volunteer to make and serve dinner for the disabled people. I wanted to 25 my friends to be part of the group. Almost all of my friends 26 . One day, several of my friends brought some food and helped prepare the meal. “I felt good when I saw the 27 people get the food!” said one friend. Later, 28 friend made a list(清单)about serving, 29 we could do quickly and easily. Now each month there are new 30 that join the group. One woman 31 invited another group of her friends to serve. It’s hard to imagine that simple letters asking friends to help have made a great 32 . At first, I just wanted to be an organizer. Now, I 33 my idea. I also love to work 34 a volunteer, because I can get more joy from the happy faces of the disabled people. So, volunteering is a good way to make the world 35 . Do you want to join us 21．A．help B．play C．rest D．carry22．A．food B．time C．money D．milk23．A．nurses B．volunteers C．players D．passengers24．A．set up B．cheer up C．give up D．clean up25．A．take B．move C．invite D．teach26．A．refused B．agreed C．stayed D．left27．A．disabled B．deaf C．proper D．kind28．A．the other B．others C．other D．another29．A．but B．so C．because D．or30．A．books B．hands C．faces D．climbers31．A．still B．hardly C．only D．even32．A．mistake B．difference C．decision D．plan33．A．keep B．get C．change D．open34．A．as B．of C．to D．in35．A．better B．worse C．quieter D．smaller四、阅读理解ANeighborhood Clean-up DayCome together with your neighbors and friends on a great day! We need a clean and beautiful neighborhood for all of us!NoticeTime: 9:00 a.m.—12:00 a.m. Saturday, March 16, 2024.Place: Meet at Art Market.It will be put off for three days if the weather is bad.Wear comfortable clothes and shoes. We have all the tools (工具). You just need to bring yourself, invite your neighbors and friends, and we’ll make our streets and neighborhood clean and beautiful! This can be a place we’re proud (自豪的) to call our home!After-party at the Harbor View HotelFrom 12:00 to 14:00. Five lucky kids can take home a gift from the hotel. It will be fun. Call 565-6758 or visit www. for more information.Let’s Make Our Neighborhood Shine (闪耀)!根据短文内容，选择正确的答案。36．If the weather is bad, the Clean-up Day will be on ________.A．March 16, 2024 B．March 17, 2024C．March 18, 2024 D．March 19, 202437．To join in the clean-up activity, people need to ________.A．bring some tools B．wear comfortable clothesC．invite their teachers D．go to the Harbor View Hotel first38．After the clean-up activity, people will ________.A．go to a party B．visit Art MarketC．cook food together D．give gifts to each other39．Which of the following is TRUE A．The clean-up activity will last for two hours.B．People can join in the after-party at 13:00.C．Six lucky kids can get gifts from the hotel.D．People can know more about the activity in three days.40．The material is probably from a ________.A．story B．letter C．diary D．noticeBAlyson is an 8-year-old girl from Kansas. Maurine is a 9-year-old girl from a village called Bartabwa in Kenya. It might not seem as if the girls have much in common. But when they met at a dinner several years ago, in Kansas, they became friends at once.The dinner was hosted by the group World Vision International. In some parts of the world, people must walk several miles each day to collect water from a stream (小溪) or another water source. Often the water is polluted. World Vision International builds wells (井) and rain catchers in these communities.Alyson was at the dinner because her family supports World Vision International. Maurine was there because her village had been without clean water. World Vision International solved that by building a water station there. Alyson was influenced by Maurine. “People helped Maurine so she could have clean water, and kids are dying because they don’t have it.” Alyson says, “I want to help.”Races are one way World Vision International raises money to pay for its water projects. Runners promise to run a race, often a 26-mile marathon or 13-mile half marathon. They ask people to support them by giving away money to World Vision International.Alyson decided to run the 2017 Kansas City Half Marathon for World Vision International. She’d raised $20,000. She was the youngest person in the history of World Vision International to raise more than $10,000 at a time. In 2018 she ran again ... and raised $36,000. Alyson and Maurine still keep in touch. Last year, Maurine went to the US and they met up in Chicago. But Alyson’s work is not finished. “My purpose is for every kid to have clean water,” she says.41．Where did the two girls become friends A．In Bartabwa. B．In Kansas. C．In Chicago. D．In Kenya.42．How did World Vision International help Maurine’s village according to Paragraph 3 A．By building wells. B．By building a water station.C．By building rain catchers. D．By collecting water from a stream.43．Which of the following is the way World Vision International raises money A．By dinner. B．By friendship. C．By race. D．By bus.44．How much did Alyson raise in total from 2017 to 2018 A．$36,000. B．$46,000. C．$56,000. D．$66,000.45．What’s the best title of the passage A．Run for Clean Water. B．Run for Bartabwa.C．Run for Maurine. D．Run for WWF.参考答案：1．covered【详解】句意：一夜之间，街道上覆盖着厚厚的白雪。vover是动词，结合“were”可知，此处使用动词过去分词，与were构成一般过去时的被动语态，be covered with...“覆盖着……”。故填covered。2．Developing【详解】句意：养成阅读的好习惯对语言学习是有帮助的。分析句子可知，句子缺少主语，空处应填入develop的动名词形式，故填Developing。3．was based【详解】句意：导演说这部电影是根据日常生活中的事情改编得。此处应填动词作谓语，主语the film与动词之间是被动关系，“be based on以……为基础”符合语境，且主句为一般过去时，从句也应用相对应的过去时，was based符合语境。故填was based。4．was thought【详解】句意：泰坦尼克号，一艘当时最大的船，被认为不可能沉没，但1912年它第一次航行时就沉没了。空格前为主语The Titanic，第三人称单数，空格后为不定式，推断空格为谓语动词，主语和动词think之间为逻辑上的被动关系，且in 1912提示句子时态为一般过去时，构成搭配be thought to do sth.“被认为做某事”，主语是单数，be动词用was。故填was thought。5．including【详解】句意：店里卖很多东西，包括许多学习用品。根据所给词可知，include“包括”，动词，结合“…many school things.”可知，此处应该填入介词including。故填including。6．charities【详解】句意：世界上有许多慈善机构。many修饰可数名词charity的复数形式charities。故填charities。7．meaningful【详解】句意：我没有以前那么有钱，但我的生活更有意义了。根据“I don’t have as much money as before, but my life is more...”可知，前后句意转折，生活更有意义了，meaningful“有意义的”，在句中作表语。故填meaningful。8．to avoid【详解】句意：你应该尽力避免犯错误。结合短语try one’s best to do sth.“尽某人最大的努力做某事”可知，空格处应填动词不定式，结合提示词，空格处应填to avoid。故填to avoid。9．was built【详解】句意：洛河上的另一座桥是去年建造的。主语Another bridge和谓语build之间是被动关系，根据“last year”可知句子用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是名词单数，be动词用was。故填was built。10．to turn【详解】句意：——看！你卧室的灯还亮着。——对不起，我忘了关了。根据“Look! The light in your bedroom is still on”可知，是忘记关灯了，用forget to do sth“忘记去做某事”，表示事情未做，故填to turn。11．D【详解】句意：艾米的笑话被班上的每个人都嘲笑了。考查动词短语和语态。laugh嘲笑，不及物动词，后跟宾语时，需和介词at连用，laugh at嘲笑。根据“by everyone”可知，空处用被动语态（be done），且主语Amy’s joke是动作的承受者，所以用laugh at，故选D。12．B【详解】句意：我感到非常高兴，因为我被选为艺术节的主持人。考查被动语态。根据“I feel very happy”可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语I是动作choose“选择”的承受者，应用一般现在时的被动语态：be done，主语是第一人称单数，be动词要用am。故选B。13．A【详解】句意：——你们学校使用互联网吗？——是的，但是我们办公室的电脑已经坏掉了。考查被动语态及时态用法。本句主语the Internet是动词use的承受者，需用被动语态，因描述的是现在的情况，需一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为：be+done，因主语是the Internet，be动词需用is，；再根据“but the computer in our office...down.”可知，电脑坏了这个动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响是上不了网了，需用现在完成时，其结构为：have/has+done，主语为the computer，助动词用has，break的过去分词为broken。故选A。14．A【详解】句意：孩子们，不要浪费你们的时间在手机上浏览短视频。在日常生活中养成一个健康习惯是重要的。考查动词辨析。develop养成，develop a habit养成习惯；train训练；compete竞争；change改变。根据“a healthy habit”可知，句子表达“养成习惯”这一含义，因此需要选择表示“养成”的词，只有A符合题意。故选A。15．D【详解】句意：他在故事比赛中获胜，他的父母非常自豪。考查形容词辨析。smart聪明的；active活跃的；sorry抱歉的；proud自豪的。根据“He won in the story competition and his parents were very”可知，赢了比赛，所以父母是自豪的，故选D。16．B【详解】句意：——你量体温了吗，朱迪 ——是的。我发烧了。我应该吃点药。考查名词辨析。trouble困难；temperature温度，体温；matter问题，事情；meal餐。根据“Yes. I have a fever.”可知，是在询问是否量了体温，take one’s temperature “量体温”。故选B。17．B【详解】句意：——你的城市看起来很美！——是的。去年种了很多树和草。考查时态和语态。主语Lots of trees and grass和谓语plant之间是被动关系，根据“last year”可知此处用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done。故选B。18．A【详解】句意：——彼得，请谈谈你对这个问题的看法。——这看起来很难，但一定有办法解决。考查名词辨析。opinion看法；relation关系；result结果；matter问题。根据“please give your ... about the problem.”可知，应该是谈谈对这个问题的看法。故选A。19．B【详解】句意：——照片里的树看起来好漂亮。这张照片是在哪里拍的？——在我的家乡。这是一个自然美景的地方。考查动词时态和被动语态。表示过去发生的事情要用一般过去时，主语photo是动作take的承受者，应用一般过去时的被动语态：was/were done。故选B。20．D【详解】句意：——亲爱的，你为什么把我们所有的旧衣服都放在袋子里？——噢，我只想把它们捐给慈善机构。考查动词短语和代词。give out分发；give away捐赠；hand out分发。根据“to the charity.”可知，是把旧衣服都捐给慈善机构。it它；them它们。这里是指old clothes，应用them。故选D。21．A 22．C 23．B 24．A 25．C 26．B 27．A 28．D 29．B 30．C 31．D 32．B 33．C 34．A 35．A【导语】作者从帮助残疾人的志愿活动中得到了快乐。21．句意：你可能认为志愿服务是帮助其它没有钱的人。help帮助；play玩；rest休息；carry携带。根据空后的“the experience of helping others”可知，此处指的是志愿服务是帮助其它没有钱的人。故选A。22．句意：但是，帮助他人的经验比“金钱”更有意义。 food食物；time时间；money钱；milk牛奶。由前句“ You may think volunteering is to help others without money .”和此句中“but”可知，此句是说帮助别人的经验比钱更有意义，故选 C。23．句意：几个月前，我得知城市食品银行需要一些志愿者。nurses护士；volunteers志愿者；players运动员；passengers乘客。根据空前的“ the city food bank”可知，这是一个专门为接济当地穷人、发放食品的慈善组织，所以需要一些志愿者。故选B。24．句意：我想成立一个小组，自愿为残疾人制作、提供晚餐。 set up建立；cheer up振奋起来；give up放弃；clean up打扫。由句中“a group ”和“ volunteer ”可知，此句是说想成立一个小组，自愿为残疾人做晚餐。故选A。25．句意：我想邀请我的朋友加入小组，成为其中的一员。 take拿走；move移动；invite邀请；teach教。由句中“ to be part of the group ”可知，此句是说邀请朋友加入小组，另外，invite sb. to do sth.意为“邀请某人做某事”，是固定用法。故选C。26．句意：我几乎所有的朋友都同意。 refused拒绝；agreed同意；stayed待；left离开。结合选项和下文中句子“several of my friends brought some food and helped prepare the meal”可知，朋友们几乎都同意了。故选B。27．句意：当我看到残疾人得到食物时，感觉很好！disabled残疾的；deaf 聋的；proper正确的；kind和蔼的。由上文可知，这个小组是要帮助残疾人，所以此句是说看到残疾人得到食物。故选A。28．句意：后来，另一个朋友列了一个关于服务的清单。the other另一个，表示特指，两者中的另一个；others其余的，相当于other+可数名词的复数形式；other别的，后接可数名词复数或不可数名词；another另一个，指三者或三者以上的人或物中的另一个。空后的“friend”意为“朋友”，是可数名词的单数，以及空前“several of my friends”可知，此处指的是多个朋友中的另一个。故选D。29．句意：后来，另一个朋友列出了一份有关服务的清单，所以我们可以做起来快速又轻松。 but但是，表示转折关系；so所以，表示因果关系；because因为，表示因果关系； or或者，否则，表示选择关系。根据前句“another friend made a list(清单) about serving ”和后句“we could do quickly and easily ”构成因果关系，后句表示结果。故选B。30．句意：现在每个月都有新面孔加入这个团体。books书；hands手；faces脸，面孔；climbers登山者。根据下文“invited another group of her friends to serve”可知，有新面孔会加入这个团队。故选C。31．句意：一个女人甚至邀请了她的另一群朋友来服务。 still仍然；hardly几乎不；only仅仅；even甚至。由前句“Now each month there are new faces that join the group”可知，此句是说一个女人甚至邀请了她的另一群朋友来服务。故选 D。32．句意：很难想象这些简单的请求朋友帮助的信件会产生很大的不同。mistake错误；difference不同；decision决定；plan计划。make a great difference意为“有很多的差别，有很大的影响”，是固定短语。故选B。33．句意：起初，我只是想成为一个组织者。现在，我改变主意了。 keep保持；get得到；change改变；open打开。由前句“At first , I just wanted to be an organizer.”可知，此句是说现在改变了主意。故选 C。34．句意：我也喜欢以志愿者的身份工作。 as作；of 属于；to 到……：in在……里。句中“a volunteer ”表示一种身份，结合句中“work”可知，此句是说作为志愿者而工作。故选 A。35．句意：所以，志愿服务是一个让世界更美好的好方法。better 更好；worse更坏；quieter更安静的；smaller更小的。通读全文可知，作者从帮助残疾人的志愿活动中得到了快乐，所以志愿服务是一个让世界更美好的好方法。故选A。36．D 37．B 38．A 39．B 40．D【导语】本文是一篇应用文。是关于“清扫日”活动的通知。36．细节理解题。根据“Time: 9:00 a.m.—12:00 a.m. Saturday, March 16, 2024.”和“It will be put off for three days if the weather is bad.”可知，清扫日是2024年3月16日，天气情况不好的话会延后3天，即2024年3月19日。故选D。37．细节理解题。根据“Wear comfortable clothes and shoes.”可知，参加清扫日活动需要穿上舒服的衣服和鞋。故选B。38．细节理解题。根据“After-party at the Harbor View Hotel”可知，活动结束后，他们会去酒店聚会。故选A。39．细节理解题。根据“From 12:00 to 14:00.”可知，聚会的时间是12点到14点。故选B。40．细节理解题。根据“Notice”可知，本文是一则通知。故选D。41．B 42．B 43．C 44．C 45．A【导语】本文主要讲述在世界宣明会组织的一场晚宴上，Alyson和Marine成为朋友。当Alyson得知世界上还有很多像Marine一样得不到干净水源的孩子时，她决定帮助他们，于是她参加跑步比赛来为供水项目筹款。41．细节理解题。根据“in Kansas, they became friends at once.”可知，在堪萨斯州，他们成了朋友。故选B。42．细节理解题。根据“World Vision International solved that by building a water station there.”可知，是通过修建水站来帮助Maurine的村庄。故选B。43．细节理解题。根据“Races are one way World Vision International raises money to pay for its water projects.”可知，赛跑是该组织筹钱的一种方式。故选C。44．推理判断题。根据“Alyson decided to run the 2017 Kansas City Half Marathon for World Vision International. She’d raised $20,000.”及“In 2018 she ran again ... and raised $36,000.”可知，2017年筹集了20000美元，2018年筹集了36000美元，一共筹集20000+36000=56000美元。故选C。45．最佳标题题。本文主要讲述了Alyson通过参加跑步比赛来为供水项目筹款的故事，因此最佳标题为“为干净的水奔跑”。故选A。
基础过关
能力提升
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学习任务单
课程基本信息
学科 英语 年级 八年级下册
课题 Unit 7 International charitiesGrammar
使用教材 牛津译林版 出版日期 2013
学生信息
姓名 学校 班级 学号
学习目标
通过本课节的教学，让学生达成以下目标：1.知识目标掌握词汇：hold, set, hand out, set up2.能力目标(1)了解使用被动语态的语境;(2)掌握并能正确运用被动语态的一般现在时和一般过去时;(3)熟悉并能运用引出动作执行者的单词by。3.情感目标 培养学生的社会责任感，让学生积极参加社会公益慈善活动，把助人为乐作为自己人生重要的一部分。重点难点1.重点：掌握并能正确运用被动语态的一般现在时和一般过去时; 熟悉并运用引出动作执行者的单词by。2.难点：了解使用被动语态的语境。
课前学习任务
volunteer doctors志愿医生do operations做手术on the plane在飞机上be used as a training centre被用作培训中心two months ago两个月前the lives of the patients with eye problems有眼疾的病人的生活charity activities慈善活动plan to help the poor计划帮助穷人hand out分发raise money筹钱be sent to children in poor areas被寄给贫困地区的孩子by Class1, Grade 8 students由八年级一班的学生be collected for poor people被收集给穷人a charity show一场慈善演出be held by the Students’ Union由学生会举行read a book about Oxfam告诉我关于它的事tell me about it告诉我关于它的事set up成立all over the world全世界including books包括书some charity projects一些慈善工程with its help在它的帮助下millions of poor children数以百万计的贫穷孩子basic education基础教育
课上学习任务
一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态英语中的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词的执行者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动词的承受者。被动语态是由“be + 及物动词的过去分词”构成的，be的形式要根据时态及主语的人称来判断。被动语态的构成时态句型构成一般现在时肯定句主语+ am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词（+ by sb.）+其他否定句主语+ am/is/are+not+及物动词的过去分词（+ by sb.）+其他一般疑问句Am/Is/Are + 主语+及物动词的过去分词（+ by sb.）+其他？特殊疑问句疑问词+ am/is/are+主语+及物动词的过去分词（+ by sb.）+其他？一般过去时肯定句主语+ was/were +及物动词的过去分词（+ by sb.）+其他否定句主语+ was/were + not + 及物动词的过去分词（+ by sb.）+其他一般疑问句Was/Were + 主语 +及物动词的过去分词（+ by sb.）+其他？特殊疑问句疑问词+ was/were+主语 + 及物动词的过去分词（+ by sb.）+其他？主动变被动的方法把原句中的宾语改成主语；把谓语动词改成被动形式be done（同时注意时态和数）；原来的主语如果需要的话放在介词by的后面，以指明做事的人或物，如果没有必要则省去。被动语态的用法动作的执行者显而易见。不知道或没有必要说明动作的的执行者时用被动语态。动作的承受者比动作的执行者更加重要。特殊句型的被动语态含有使役动词（make/let/have）或感官动词（hear/watch/feel等）的句子，在主动语态中后面常跟不带to的动词不定式，但是在改被动语态时，要把省去的to加上去。注意：help在主动语态中后面的动词不定式可以带to也可以不带to，但是在被动语态中必须带to。“不及物动词+介词/副词+宾语”的句子改成被动语态时，介词或副词不能漏了。teach，give，pass，show，buy，tell等动词常常带双宾语，改为被动语态时，两个宾语可选择其中任意一个做主语。如果直接宾语被提前作主语，那么间接宾语（一般是人）前要加相应的介词to/for。没有被动语态的动词不及物动词（短语）。表示状态或特征的及物动词如cost、fit、suit、have、hold、last等；另外如happen，take place，break out，break down等不及物动词（短语）以及belong to， consist of等。大多数系动词，无被动，用主动形式表示被动。
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牛津译林版八年级下册
Unit7 International charities
Grammar
Content
Learning objectives
01
Lead-in
02
Presentation
03
Practice
04
Summary
05
Homework
06
目录
Learning objectives
After learning this lesson, you can:
1. To learn the use of passive voice in the simple present tense
2. To learn the use of passive voice in the simple past tense
3. To learn to use the passive voice
Lead in
1. We clean the classroom every day.
2. The classroom is cleaned (by us) every day.
3. They planted many trees last year.
4. Many trees were planted (by them)last year.
active voice(主动语态)
passive voice(被动语态)
active voice(主动语态)
passive voice(被动语态)
语态是动词的一种形式，表示的是主语和谓语之间的关系。
英语中的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。
1. 主动语态(active voice):主语是谓语的执行者;
2. 被动语态(passive voice):主语是谓语的承受者。
主动语态和被动语态
小结：
Work out the rules
He/She/It is supported.
I am supported.
You/We/They are supported.
I am not supported.
He/She/It is not supported.
You/We/They are not supported.
1.被动语态的一般现在时
主语+am/is/are+(not)+V-ed
(改为否定句)
(改为否定句)
(改为否定句)
Work out the rules
2. 被动语态的一般过去时
主语+was/were+(not)+V-ed
He/She/It was supported.
I was supported.
You/We/They were supported.
I was not supported.
He/She/It was not supported.
You/We/They were not supported.
(改为否定句)
(改为否定句)
(改为否定句)
被动语态
被动语态的基本用法
These books were not taken away.
这些书没被拿走。
动作的执行者是泛指或者不言自明时。
The toy is designed for children.
这款玩具是为孩子们设计的。
在不知道动作的执行者是谁时。
My bike was repaired.
我的自行车修好了。
需要强调动作的承受者时。
出于委婉或礼貌而避谈动作的执行者时。
The problem was talked about just now.
这个问题刚才被讨论过。
在一些被动语态的句子中, 我们可以用by引出指出动作的执行者。
Mr Wu is liked by all of his students.
所有的学生都喜欢吴老师。
被动语态还可用于某些习惯用语中，如“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”、“出生于”等
e.g. He was born in Nanjing.
It is said that the 75-year-old man can still eat three bowls of rice for lunch.
注意：
OBRIS doctors helped many blind people.
Many blind people were helped by OBRIS doctors.
①将主动句的宾语改为被动句的主语
②将主动句的谓语动词改为“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”
③将主动句的主语改为介词by加之后的宾语，并放在谓语动词之后，有时，介词by短语可以省略。
主动语态与被动语态的转化
一般现在时被动语态构成：
被动语态的构成
主语+be+done(及物动词）+(by...）
主语+was/were+done+(by..)
一般过去时被动语态构成
主语+am/is/are+done+(by..)
by :“由…/被...”，后面用宾格(动作的执行者）
被动语态的基本构成：
主语 be动词 过去分词
一般现在时 I am supported.
You/We/They are He/She/It is 一般过去时 I was supported.
You/We/They were He/She/It was We form the passive voice in the simple present tense like this:
Subject be Past participle
I am supported.
You/We/They are He/She/It is Subject be not Past participle
I am not supported.
You/We/They are not He/She/It is not We form the passive voice in the simple past tense like this:
Subject be Past participle
I was supported.
You/We/They were He/She/It was Subject be not Past participle
I was not supported.
You/We/They were not He/She/It was not 主动句变被动句的步骤：
1. 宾语变为主语（宾格变为主格）；
2. 动词变为“be +过去分词”；
（be动词体现时态、人称和数的变化）
3. 原句主语放在by后面（宾格）。
（by sb.有时可省略）。
4. 其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。
小口诀：
宾变主来，主变宾。
谓变be done,时不变。
注意数格，抄其余。
He plays basketball every week.
Basketball is played by him every week.
The Class 1, Grade 8 students are talking about the different things people can do for the poor. Look at the pictures and help them complete their notes using the words in brackets and the passive voice. Add the word by when necessary.
▲
A
1. Charity activities ________________________(plan/to help the poor).
are planned to help the poor
2. Leaflets _____________________________________ _________(hand out/to people in the
street/volunteers).
are handed out to people in the street by
volunteers
3. Toys and CDs _____________________(sell/to raise money).
are sold to raise money
What they do every year
5. Warm clothes __________________________
(collect/for poor people).
were collected for poor people
6. A charity show__________________________ (hold/the Students' Union).
was held by the Students' Union
4. New books_____________________________ _____________________________(send/to children in poor areas/the Class 1, Grade 8 students).
were sent to children in poor areas
by the Class 1, Grade 8 students
What they did last week
Amy and Daniel are talking about plete their conversation with the words in brackets using the passive voice.
▲
B
Amy: I'm reading a book about Oxfam.
Daniel: Really Please tell me about it.
Amy: OK. Oxfam ___________ (set up) in the UK in 1942, and the first Oxfam shop __________ (open) in 1948. Now it has about 15,000 shops all over the world. A lot of things _________ (sell) in Oxfam shops, including books. The money _______ (use) by Oxfam to help poor people.
Daniel: That's good. There are also some charity projects in China. One of them ________ (call) Project Hope. It __________ (start) in 1989. With its help, millions of poor children all over the country __________ (give) basic education.
Amy: Yes. Many schools __________ (build) in poor areas each year.
was set up
was opened
is called
was started
were given
are built
are sold
is used
各种时态被动语态的结构
1.一般现在时态的被动语态结构: 主语+am/is/are + vt 过去分词
2.一般过去时态的被动语态结构:主语+ was/ were + vt 过去分词
3.含有情态动词的被动语态:主语+情态动词+be+ vt 过去分词
5.现在进行时态的被动语态:主语+ am/ is /are+being + vt 过去分词
6.过去进行时态的被动语态：主语+ was / were + being+ vt 过去分词
7.现在完成时态的被动语态:主语+ have/has been + vt 过去分词
4.一般将来时的被动语态结构:主语+ will/shall/be going to +be + vt 过去分词
使用被动语态的注意点：
主动和被动时态一致原则
主动句在改为被动句时，须注意时态一致。
Nancy Jackson designed that CD-ROM.
The CD-ROM was designed by Nancy Jackson.
2.感官\使役动词等在主动语态中后接零动词不定式的宾语补足语，变成被动语态中的主语补足语时要加上“to”
即：----see/hear/notice sb. do sth.变为了
sb. be seen/heard/noticed to do sth.
----let/make/have sb. do sth.变为了
sb. be let/made/had to do sth.
The workers are made to work all day.
She is often heard to sing in the room .
The boss makes the workers work all day.
I often hear her sing in the room.
3. 双宾语结构变为被动语态的两种情况：
1）常把间接宾语即（sb）变为主语
2）若把直接宾语(即sth.)变为被动句的主语时，常在保留宾语前加to或for。
He teaches us English.
We are taught English by him.
English is taught to us (by him).
4. 主动语态中“动词+介词”或“动词+副词”的短语动词变为被动语态时，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。
1.They look after the girl well.
2.He often laughs at the poor boy.
The girl is looked after well by them.
The poor boy is often laughed at by him.
5. 几种不能用被动语态的情况：
不及物动词（vi）没有被动语态, 直接用主动语态表示被动意义。如：happen, cost, die, fall ,start/begin, rise, appear, disappear， etc.
This computer cost me 5, 000 yuan.
An accident happened to him yesterday.
The price is rising fast these days .
系动词（linking V）没有被动语态（seem, look, become, get, grow, turn, remain, stay, sound, feel, smell, taste等）
The food tastes delicious .
His idea sounds very good.
The weather is getting hotter and hotter.
Her new dress feels very soft.
●一些短语动词相当于不及物动词，没有被动结构, 直接用主动形式来表示被动意义。如： take place, set out, come true, break out, break down, come out, belong to 等
Our school sports meeting will take place next week.
His new book will come out next month.
My bike has broken down.
That book belongs to him.
●有些动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词，当他们与well, badly, easily等副词连用时表示主语内在品质或性能，用主动形式表示被动含义。
如：The cloth washes easily.
The pen writes smoothly.
The new product sells well.
sth. be adj. to do sth
think /feel / find/ sth. adj. to do sth. 此时形容词表示难易、利弊，句中动词不用被动语态。
The problem is easy to answer.
这问题很容易回答。
I find the task difficult to finish.
我发现这个任务很难完成。
need/require(需要) doing sth ，需要做，主动形式表示被动含义。
=need / require to be done
The flowers need to be watered
=The flowers need watering.
这些花需要浇水。
have sth done 意为“让人/请人做某事”这里强调的是动作，不需要说明动作的执行者，主动语态表示被动含义。
I want to have my computer repaired.
我想要修一下我的电脑。
I had some photos taken in the park.
我昨天在公园拍了些照片。
Exercise
1. Two bottles of milk ______________(send) to us by the milkman everyday.
2. Pets should ________________(look) after well by their owners.
3. Last night, an elderly lady ________________(save) from a big fire.
4. Two hours ________________(spent) on my homework this morning.
5. English __________________(speak) widely around the world.
6. The story __________________(translate) into more than forty languages and became popular among teenagers.
7. The cat can't __________________(catch) by anyone here.
8. The meeting ___________________(take) place at 5 p.m. last Friday.
are sent
be looked
was saved
was spent
is spoken
was translated
be caught
took
Homework
1. Review the contents of this lesson.
2. Finish the exercises in the workbook.
3. Preview the next lesson.
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