Unit 1 What's the matter知识点总结归纳【人教版八年级下册英语】

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 1 What's the matter
Section A
1a-1c
1. 询问某人患了某种疾病或遇到某种麻烦
1. what’s the matter
2. What’s the trouble with sb？“某人怎么了 ”
3. what’s wrong
4. what’s up
What’s the matter with her — She has a toothache.
--- What’s the matter with Nancy --- She has a sore throat.
疾病的表达方式：
have a/an +病症
（have a cold/ fever/ cough感冒; 发烧; 咳嗽）
have a/ an +身体部位-ache
（have a stomachache/ headache/ toothache胃疼；头疼；牙疼）
have a/an sore+身体部位
have a sore throat/ back喉咙疼；背疼）
She talked too much yesterday and didn’t drink enough water.
too much/too many/much too
too much 太多 后接不可数名词
too many 太多 后接可数名词复数
much too 太 修饰形容词或副词
( ) ①The math problem is _________ difficult.
( ) ②There are ____people in the supermarket.
( )There was____snow in the south of China.
A.too much B.much too C.too many D.many too
( ) Mr Smith eats ______ food,so he’s _____ fat.
A.much too;too much B.too many;much too
C.too much;too much D.too much ;much too
. (1) talk too much 说太多话
talk to\ with sb与某人交谈 talk about谈论...
(2) 形容词+enough enough+名词
E.g: This book is interesting enough.
I have enough books.
2a-2d
take one’s temperature. 量体温
E.g：We’d better take his temperature.
maybe/may be
(1)maybe adv或许，大概，表示推测，通常用在句首，在句中作状语。
(2)may be 是“情态动词may +动词原形be”, 或许，可能是，也表示推测，在句中作谓语。
Maybe he is waiting for you now.
—Where is my ruler —It may be in the desk.
3a
...when the driver saw an old man lying on the side of the road.
(1). see sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事，强调所看到的动作正在进行。
E.g：I saw her dancing in the park at six yesterday.
(2). see sb do sth 看到某人做了某事。强调动作的整个过程。
E.g：I saw her dance in the park yesterday .
The bus driver...stopped the bus without thinking twice.
(1). think twice意为“再三考虑、认真思考”。
E.g：You should think twice before you make the final decision.
think的相关短语:
think about 思考、考虑 ；think of 想起、认为；think over 仔细考虑
He got off and asked the woman what happened.
(1). get off意为“下车”，反义词是get on“上车”。
E.g：Before getting off the bus, you should take care.
(2). happen表示“发生”的时候，作不及物动词，常用的结构为：
sth. happened to sb.“某人发生了某事”。
E.g：An accident happened to him yesterday .
(3) 表示“某地/某时发生了某事” sth happen(s)/happened +地点/时间
E.g: A car accident happened on that street.
(4) 表示“某人碰巧......”,
sb happen(s)happened to do sth或It happen(s)/happened + that从句
E.g: We happened to meet her on the bus.
It happened that I had no money.
He expected most or all of the passengers to get off and wait for the next bus.
expect的常见用法：
① expect to do sth. 期待做某事
E.g：The fans are expecting to see the football star.
② expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事
E.g：The man expects his son to pass the exam successfully.
(2) wait的常见用法：
① wait for sb./sth.“等待某人或者某事”
E.g：We are waiting for the result of the exam.
② wait to do sth.“等待做某事”
E.g：All the passengers are waiting to get on the bus.
③ can’t wait to do sth.“迫不及待做某事”
E.g：The children can’t wait to rush out after the class is over.
5. But to his surprise, they all agreed to go with him.
(1) to one’s surprise 使......惊讶的是， 出乎......的意料。
(2) agree的常见用法：
① agree with sb. 同意某人 E.g：I can’t agree with you more.
② agree to sth. 同意某事 E.g：Do you agree to the plan
③ agree on sth. 在某事上达成一致意见
E.g：They finally agreed on the design of the bridge.
④ agree to do sth. 同意做某事
E.g：Her parents don’t agree to marry (嫁) their daughter to the man.
6. Thanks to Mr. Wang and the passengers, the man was saved by the doctors in time.
(1). thanks to表示“多亏、由于”，后接名词或代词，作原因状语，
E.g：Thanks to my teacher. I can finish the homework on time.
(2).in time “及时”强调正好赶上事先约定的时间，没有迟到。
E.g：I am just in time for the plane.
on time “按时”指按计划做某事，强调不迟到，不早不晚。
E.g：Please hand in your homework on time.
7. “It’s sad that many people don’t want to help others because they don’t want any trouble,” says one passenger.
本句是“It is+形容词+that从句”，句中的it作形式主语，代替真正的主语that从句。
E.g：It is important that we should protect the environment.
(2) other: 意为“别的、其它的”，常用来修饰可数名词。
the other: 表示“两者中另一个”，是特指；
the other之后也可以加复数名词，特指“其它的”。
another: 表示“三者中另一个”。others: 用作代词，泛指“其他的人或物”是复数概念。
the others: 特指在一个整体中的“其余的人或物（全部）”。
E.g：We study Chinese, English, Math and other subjects.
There are three people in the room. One is a girl and the other two are boys.
You should think of others.
There are fifty-five students in our class. Thirty of us are girls and the others are boys.
The old man had a heart problem and needed to go to the hospital right away.
right away意为“立刻、马上”，相当于at once或者right now。
Do you agree that people often do not help others because they do not want to get into trouble.
get into trouble 陷入困境， 遇到麻烦
get into trouble with sb 与某人发生不快
be in trouble 处于困难或麻烦中
have trouble (in) doing sth 做某事有困难
Grammar Focus
情态动词should
Should是情态动词，在句中与其他动词构成谓语，后接动词原形，没有人称和数的变化。
表劝告或建议“应该；应当” You should lie down and have a rest.
表推测“应该” It should be a nice day tomorrow.
作shall的过去式 He said he should get the money back, whatever the cost.
肯定句 主语+should+动词原形+其他
否定句 should not= shouldn't 主语+shouldn't+动词原形+其他
一般疑问句 Should+主语+动词原形+其他？ Yes，主语+should；No，主语+shouldn't
特殊疑问句 特问词+should+ 动词原形？
Ⅴ 反身代词
第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
单数 myself 我自己 yourself 你自己 himself; herself; itself
4c
fall down摔倒；跌倒
其后跟宾语时要加from， 此时fall down from 相当于fall off 从......掉/摔下来
e.g：When the girl ran across the street, she fell down.
当那个女孩子跑过街道时，她摔倒了。
He fell down from his bike yesterday.=He fell off his bike yesterday.
他昨天从自行车上摔下来。
Section B
1a-1d
sb cut(s) +身体部位/ oneself
sb break(s) +身体部位/ oneself
sb hurt(s)+身体部位/ oneself
身体部位+ hurt(s)
sb have/ feel a pain in the/ one’s+身体部位
There’s something wrong with one’s+身体部位
Someone got hit on the head.
hit表示“撞击、打击”，表示“打某人某个部位”时用“hit sb.+介词（on, in）+the+身体部位”，若打的部位较硬用on，打的部位较软用in。
hit sb on the head/nose/back. 打某人的头/鼻子/背
hit sb in the face/eye/stomach 打某人的脸/眼睛/肚子
2b
Aron Ralston is an American man who is interested in mountain climbing.
阿伦 罗尔斯顿是一个对登山感兴趣的美国人。
（1）本句中的“who is interested in mountain climbing”为定语从句，修饰先行词 an American man,关系代词 who 在从句中做主语。
The man who is standing under the tree is my teacher.
那个站在树下的人是我的老师。
be interested in 表示“对...感兴趣”，其后常接名词、代词或动词-ing形式
I came to Xi’an because I am interested in the history of the city.
我来到了西安，因为我对这个城市的历史感兴趣。
As a mountain climber,Aron is used to taking risks.
作为一名登山者，阿伦习惯了冒险。
（1）as 介词，意为“作为，当作“
As a student,you should study hard. 作为一名学生，你应该努力学习。
（2）be used to 表示“习惯于”，其中的to是介词，后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。 be也可换成get或become。
【辨析】 be used to doing, be used to do 与used to do
（1）be/get used to... /doing sth习惯于某事/习惯于做某事
E.g：He is/gets used to going to bed early.他习惯于早睡。
（2）used to do sth.过去常常做某事。
E.g: He used to go to bed early.他过去常常睡觉很早。
（3）be used to do sth 被用来做某事
E.g: Wood is used to make houses.木材被用来造房子。
（3）take risks 表示“冒险”，相当于 take a risk，其中risk 作可数名词，意为“危险，风险，冒险”。 相关短语:take the risk of doing sth. ”冒做某事的风险“
E.g: He doesn’t want to take any risks. 他不想冒任何风险。
I don’t want to take the risk of losing it.我不想冒失去它的风险。
On April 26,2003,he found himself in a very dangerous situation when climbing in Utah. 2003年4月26日，当他在犹他州登山时，他发现自己处在一个非常危险的境地之中。
（1）本句中“found himself in a very dangerous situation”为“find+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，其中介词短语 in a very dangerous situation 做宾语补足语。此结构可分为以下几种：
①find+宾语+形容词
E.g: We found him dishonest. 我们发现他不诚实。
②find+宾语+动词-ing形式
E.g: We found him working. 我们发现他正在工作。
③ find+宾语+副词或介词短语
E.g: I am so glad to find you in. 我很高兴发现你在家
4. But when his water ran out,he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life. 但是当他的水喝光之后，他知道他必须要做点什么来挽救自己的生命。
(1)run out 表示“用尽，耗尽”，是“动词+副词”结构的短语，
E.g: My money has ran out. 我的钱已经花光了。
【辨析】run out 与 run out of
run out用完，用尽
物 sth. run out.某物用尽了。其主语通常是时间/食物/金钱等表示物的代词或名词
E.g：Her money soon ran out.她的钱很快就用完了。
人sb. run out of sth. 人用尽了某物。
E.g: He run out of all his money last night.他昨晚用完了他的钱
(2)save one’s life 表示“挽救某人的生命”
E.g: The doctor saved her life. 医生救了她的命。
5. So he used his knife to cut off half his right arm. 于是他用刀子切断了自己的半条右臂。
（1）knife 意为“刀”，其复数形式要变-fe为-ves，即knives.
E.g: It’s dangerous for children to use knives. 儿童用刀很危险。
（2）cut off 表示“切除，剪掉”，是由“动词+副词”构成的短语，名词做宾语时，可放在动词和副词之后； 而代词做宾语时，只能放在动词和副词之间。
E.g: Mike cut off some flowers from the bush. 迈克从灌木丛剪下一些花。
E.g: They had to cut it off. 他们不得不把它切下来。
6. In this book,Aron tells of the importance of making good decisions,and of being in control of one’s life.
在这本书里，阿伦讲述了正确抉择以及自我掌控命运的重要性。
importance 不可数名词，意为“重要性，重要“，
常用搭配： the importance of (doing) sth. “(做）某事的重要性”。
importance的形容词形式为important，意为“重要的”
E.g: We all know the importance of learning a foreign language well.
我们都知道学好一门外语的重要性。
（2）tell of 意为“叙述，描述”
E.g: In this book she tells of her future life.
在这本书中，她描述了自己未来的生活。
(3) control vt .控制；管理；限制；支配
be in control of掌管，管理
E.g：You should be in control of your own life and business.
你应该掌管自己的生活和事业。
Nobody knows who is in control of the club.没人知道是谁掌管着这家俱乐部。
拓展： be in the control of 受......控制； 受.......管理
E.g：The company is in the control of the young man.这家公司在这个年轻人的管理之下。
be out of control失去......的控制 lose control of失控
E.g: He lost control of his car.他的汽车失控了。
I just couldn't control my temper.我就是不能克制自己的脾气。
His love for mountain climbing is so great that he kept on climbing mountains even after this experience. 他对登山如此痴迷，以至于在这次断臂经历之后继续从事登山运动。
（1） keep on doin sth. 表示“继续或坚持做某事”
【辨析】keep on doing sth. 与 keep doing sth.
keep on doing sth 继续不停的做某事
E.g:Although it was late,she kept on working. 虽然很晚了，但是她还继续工作着。
keep doing sth 不断地做某事
E.g:Don’t keep asking such questions! 不要老是问这类问题。
作文
【题目要求】
你的朋友Jack由于长时间玩电脑游戏，现在头痛、眼睛不舒服、腰背酸痛，并且睡不好觉。写一篇短文介绍一下他的情况，并给出你对他的建议。
要求：（1）内容包含所提供的信息，可适当发挥；（2）书写认真，句子通顺；（3）词数：60词左右。
【优秀满分范文】
Jack is my friend. He likes playing computer games very much. He often sits in the same way for too long without moving. Now he has a headache, sore eyes and a sore back. He doesn’t sleep well at night, so he feels tired every day.
I think he should take breaks away from the computer. He shouldn’t use the computer for a long time. He should do eye exercises to relax his eyes and go to bed early at night.
I think if he has a good rest, he will feel well soon.
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