Unit 3 Could you please clean your room.知识点总结归纳【人教版八年级下册英语】

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 3 Could you please clean your room
Section A
1a-2d
Peter, could you please take out the rubbish
Could you please... 意为“你能……吗？”，could在此并不是过去式，而是表示一种委婉的语气，please后接动词原形，肯定回答用Sure/Of course/Certainly，也可以用...can，不可以用...could；否定回答用Sorry...并给出理由，也可用...can’t/mustn’t。
---Could you please help me with my homework
--Sure./Of course./Certainly./Sorry, I can’t. I’m busy now.
take out意为“带出去”，代词作宾语时，要放在take和out之间。
E.g: The dog is noisy. Take it out.
take...out of 把......取出/带出
E.g: Take the books out of your schoolbag.
Could I at least finish watching this show
at least表示“至少”，反义词为at most“至多”。
E.g: The ticket cost at least 200 yuan.
finish意为“完成、做好”，
finish doing sth 完成做某事
E.g: When are you going to finish your work
3. Yes, because Mom will be back from shopping any minute now. be back意为“回来”，相当于come back，前者侧重指状态，后者侧重指动作。
E.g: She has been back for two days. You came back very late last night.
And she won’t be happy if she sees this mess.
mess用作名词，表示“杂乱、不整洁”，常用的短语为：
make a mess“搞得一团糟”；in a mess“一团糟”。
E.g: The kids make a mess in the bedroom. All the rooms are in a mess.
3a
The minute I sat down in front of the TV, my mom came over.
（1）the minute (that) ...表示“一......就......”，常用于引导时间状语从句，相当于 the moment...或 as soon as。
E.g: The minute I got to school,I realized I had left my pen at home. 我刚到学校就意识到我把钢笔落在家里了。
（2） in front of 表示“在......前面”，强调在一定范围外；而in the front of 表示“在.......前部”，则强调在一定范围内。
E.g: There is a girl in front of the car. 轿车的前面有一个女孩。
E.g: Bob and Mary sit in the front of the car. 鲍勃和玛丽坐在轿车的前面。
come over 表示“过来”，是不及物短语动词。 come over 还可表示“顺便拜访”，后面可跟介词to，表示到某地拜访。
E.g: Can you come over tomorrow
You watch TV all the time and never help out around the house!
all the time意为“反复、总是”，强调某段时间内一直在进行和发生的事情。
E.g: No one can be a winner all the time. 没有人能一直是赢家。
E.g: I’m tired of doing the same thing all the time. Let’s try something new!
我厌倦了一直做相同的事情。让我们尝试一些新东西吧！
I’m just as tired as you are!
as...as... 意为“与......一样......”，用于同级比较，两个as中间用形容词或副词原级。
E.g: The tree is as tall as the building. 这棵树和那栋楼一样高。
He runs as quickly as his father. 他跑得和他父亲一样快。
as...as...的否定形式 not as/so...as...， 意为“不如......那样......”。
E.g: She doesn’t study so/as hard as her brother. 她不如她的哥哥学习努力。
Lesson 6 is not as/ so difficult as Lesson 7. 第六课不如第七课难。
Mary is as careful as Linda．玛丽和琳达一样仔细。
He does not run as fast as Tom．他跑步没有汤姆快。
For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I.
neither did I是“Neither/nor+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语”结构，表示前者所描述的否定情况同样适用于后者，neither在此用作副词，表示“也不”。
---I don’t like this dress.
---Neither do I.
My mom came over as soon as I sat down in front of the TV.
as soon as引导时间状语从句，表示“一……就……”，要遵从“主将从现”的原则，即主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。
E.g: I will go as soon as she arrives.
Could I hang out with my friends after the movie
hang out意为“闲逛、闲荡”。
E.g: He is hanging out with his friends.
Could you please pass me the salt
pass sb. sth.相当于pass sth. to sb.“把某物递给某人”。
E.g: Pass me the book, please.=Pass the book to me please.
Could I borrow that book
borrow此处是及物动词，表示“借进来”，反义词是lend，borrow...from...“从……借入……”。
E.g: I often borrow books from the library.
E.g: You can borrow some money from your elder brother.
Could you lend me some money
lend表示“借出去”，与borrow“借进来”相对，常用的结构为：lend sb. sth.=lend sth. to sb. “把某物借给某人”。
E.g: He often lends others his car.
=He often lend his car to others.
I’ll finish my homework while you help me with the dishes.
when和while引导时间状语从句均表示“当……时候”，when既可以指“时间点”,与瞬间动词连用，也可以指“时间段”，与延续性动词连用（=while）。while表示时间段，因此，while从句的谓语动词要用延续性动词，as强调两个动作同时发生，表示“一边……一边……”。
When he came in, his mother was cooking.
When (While) we were at school, we went to the library every day.
Please don't talk so loud while others are working.
Tom’s brother was playing the computer games while Tom was studying hard.
Kate listens music as she walks in the park.
情态动词could的用法
情态动词could可以用来表示请求或建议，具体用法如下：
表示请求或者允许
could表示请求或允许时，并不表示过去，只表示语气更加委婉，表示委婉的请求和陈述看法时，回答时用can。
Could I use your cell phone for a while
Could you tell me how I can get to the railway station
---Could you come to my birthday party
---Sorry, I can’t. I have to stay at home to look after my mother.
表示建议
情态动词could表示建议做某事，意为“可以”，语气比can更加委婉。
You could ask your doctor to check you over and do a few tests.
Section B
2b
Housework is a waste of their time.
a waste of意为“浪费……”，其中waste是名词，意为“浪费”。
E.g：Playing computer games is a waste of time.
The should spend their time on schoolwork in order to get good grades and get into a good university.
(1) spend的用法
① sb. spend+时间/金钱+on sth. “在某事上花费多长时间或者多少钱”
E.g：The man spent the whole day on his speech.
The family spent 10,000 dollars on their trip.
② sb. spend+时间+(in) doing sth. “花费多长时间做某事”
E.g：The boy has spent two hours playing the computer games.
【拓展】辨析spend, pay, take和cost
spend 主语是人 spend...on sth./spend...(in) doing sth.
pay 主语是人 pay for sth./pay sb. for sth.
take 主语是it It takes sb.+时间+to do sth.
cost 主语是物 sth. costs sb.+金钱
(2 ) in order to do sth表示“目的是；为了做某事”。
People must eat in order to live. 为了生存，人们必须吃动词。
Tom got up early in order to catch the first bus.
否定：in order not to do sth. 意为“为了不做某事”。
E.g：In order not to wake the children,they spoke in a low voice.
为了不弄醒孩子们，他们小声说话。
（3））“in order + that从句”也可表示“目的是；为了”，从句中常用can ,may ,could, might 等情态动词。 可与“so that +从句”相互转换。
He works hard in order that he may succeed. = He works hard so that he may succeed. 他为求成功而努力工作。
3. Also, when they get older, they will have to do housework so there is no need for them to do it now.
there is no need for sb. to do sth.意为“对某人来说没有必要做某事”。
E.g：There is no need for you to get up so early.
4. It is the parents’ job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children.
(1) It is+名词+to do sth.表示“做某事是……”，其中的it为形式主语，后边的动词不定式才是真正的主语。
E.g：It’s my job to look after you.
(2) provide表示“提供”时，常用的结构为：provide sb. with sth.或者provide sth. for sth.“为某人提供某物”；
The sun provides light and heat for us. 太阳给我们提供光和热。
The parents provide their children with food and clothes.
=The parents provide food and clothes for their children. 父母供孩子吃穿。
【拓展】offer也表示“提供”，但结构有所不同，常用于“offer sb. sth.或者offer sth. to sb.”结构中，意为“为某人提供某物”。
E.g：The government provided a lot of food and clothes for the flooded area. (受洪灾地区)
=The government provided the flooded area with a lot of food and clothes.
5.Any anyway, I think doing chores is not so difficult.
anyway用作副词，表示“而且、加之”，也可以表示“即使这样、无论如何”。
E.g：It was an old bike anyway.
反正，这是一辆旧自行车。
Anyway, we must finish this work today.
无论如何，我们今天必须完成这项工作。
doing chores是动名词，在句中用作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
Taking walks after supper is good for our health.
晚饭后散步对我们的健康有好处。
Doing morning exercise is good for us. 做早操对我们有好处。
I think it is important for children to learn how to do chores and help their parents with housework.
(1) 本句结构为“It’s+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.”结构，意为“做某事对某人来说……”，此结构中的形容词多为描述事物特征的词，如easy, important, dangerous, necessary等。
E.g：It is important for you to study hard.
It is not easy to learn a foreign language.
【拓展】It’s+adj.+of sb.+to do sth.意为“某人做某事是……的”，此结构中的形容词多是kind, nice, right, wrong, clever, foolish, polite等描述行为者性格、品质的词。
E.g: It is very kind of you to lend me so much money.
how to do chores是“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”结构，作learn的宾语，动词不定式常与what, who, how, where, when等特殊疑问词连用，在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。
E.g：When to start is not decided yet.
The question is what to do next.
Children these days depend on their parents too much.
depend on/upon意为“取决于……；由……决定；依靠”
E.g：You can accept or refuse the gift. It depends on your personal choice.
We shouldn’t always depend on our parents.
Doing chores helps to develop children’s independence and teaches them how to look after themselves.
（1）develop 动词，意为“发展；壮大；培养；（使）成长；开发”。其名词形式为development，意为“发展；开发”。
This made the industry develop very quickly. 这使得工业飞速发展。
Teenagers should develop good reading habits. 青少年应该培养良好的阅读习惯。
The builders are developing that part of the city. 建筑商正在开发这座城市的那个地区。
【拓展】 develop 的形容词形式
develop developed 发达的 developed countries 发达国家
developing 发展中的 developing countries 发展中国家
Independence 名词，“独立、自主”，形容词为independent，意为“独立的”。
Since they live in one house with their parents, they should know that everyone should do their part in keeping it clean and tidy.
since此处表示“因为、既然”，引导原因状语从句，常位于句首。
E.g：Since you don’t know the boy, I will ask someone else.
do one’s part in (doing) sth.意为“尽自己的职责去做某事”。
E.g：The president asked every citizen to do his part in saving water.
As a result, he often fell ill and his grades dropped.
(1)as a result意为“因此、结果”，在句中作状语；as a result of表示“由于”，后接名词或者代词，相当于because of。
E.g：He got up very late today. As a result, he missed the first bus.
He was late as a result of the heavy rain.
The earlier kids learn to be independent, the better it is for their future.
本句为“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，表示“越……越……”。
E.g：The harder you study, the better grades you can get.
The longer the war lasts, the more the people there will suffer.
作文
在班会课上，同学们就中学生是否应该做家务进行了激烈的讨论。有人认为我们应该做家务，有人认为我们没必要做家务。请写一篇短文，说明你支持哪个一个观点并阐述原因。
We had a discussion on whether students should do housework in the class meeting yesterday. Some students think we should do housework while others believe we needn’t do housework.
In my opinion, it’s necessary for us students to do some housework. Here’re three main reasons. First, it’s our duty to share some housework because we are a member of our families. Second, we can learn some life skills by doing housework. What’s more, the most important thing is that we can develop our independence.
In a word, it’s necessary and helpful to do some housework.
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