福建省厦门第一中学2023—2024学年度第二学期期中考试
高一年英语试卷
第Ⅰ卷
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题。从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What are they talking about
A. Hobbies. B. Part-time jobs. C. Schoolwork.
2. Where does the woman want to go
A. Korea. B. Canada. C. China.
3. What street is the gas station on
A. South Street. B. Central Street. C. Turner Lane.
4. What does the woman like best
A. Oranges. B. Apples. C. Watermelons.
5. What does the man want to do
A. Ask for advice. B. Buy a shirt. C. Change a shirt.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What’s the relationship between the two speakers
A. Friends. B. Neighbors. C. Couples.
7. What does the man do
A. A secretary. B. A manager. C. A math teacher.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. How many people did Molly invite
A. Sixteen. B. Seventeen. C. Eighteen.
9. Where did the woman watch Titanic
A. At a friend’s. B. At the cinema. C. At home.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. When does the conversation take place
A. At the end of the term. B. In the middle of the term. C. At the beginning of the term.
11. What is Tim’s hobby
A. Sunbathing. B. Swimming. C. Travelling.
12. Why will Liz go to Harbin
A. To visit her friends. B. To go skating. C. To enjoy the festival.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. When does the library close
A. At 7.30 p.m. B. At 8:00 p.m. C. At 8:30 p.m.
14. What does Ted ask the girl to do
A. Borrow a book for him. B. Buy a book for him. C. Return a book for him.
15. What can we learn about the girl
A. She is doing a class report. B. She finds history boring. C. She has some new books.
16. What kind of books does the girl need
A. History. B. Culture. C. American food.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. Where did Lisa see the first snow this year
A. In Scotland. B. In London. C. In the north of England.
18. What does Lisa love to do on snowy days
A. Take some photos. B. Make snowmen. C. Have snowball fights.
19. What is the temperature here today
A. -1℃ B. 0℃. C. 1℃.
20. What does Lisa advise Jane to wear
A. Thick gloves. B. Right shoes. C. Dark coats.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
There are thousands of science books on a huge variety of topics.Which ones should you choose Luckily for you, we have made a list of the best science books that you should not miss.
A Short History of Nearly Everything
Written by Bill Bryson, it is a popular science book that explains some areas of science.It was published on February 4,2003, and was one of the best-selling popular science books of 2005 in the UK.It explains a variety of scientific topics in a vivid and comprehensive way, which makes it accessible for people with no science knowledge.But it’s quite long.
Thing Explainer: Complicated Stuff in Simple Words
It is a 2015 non-fiction book created by Randall Munroe, in which the author explains various complex subjects using common English words.It covers a wide range of topics and explains complex ideas using illustrations, so it’s entertaining and easily understood.However, the words and phrases used to describe the subjects are too technical to understand.
Ask an Astronaut: My Guide to Life in Space
Published on October 19,2017, the book is Tim Peake’s personal guide to life in space, based on his own experience. Q&A format makes it easy to quickly find answers and images are used to illustrate some of the more complex ideas, making it suitable for both children and adults. The disadvantage is that the Q&A format can become boring sometimes.
Brief Answers to the Big Questions
Written by Stephen Hawking, the 2018 book examines some of the universe’s greatest mysteries and promotes the view that science is very important in helping solve problems.It provides a great introduction to Stephen Hawking’s thoughts.Since complex ideas are communicated in a simple and understandable language, your previous physics knowledge is not required.For more advanced readers, it’s too basic.
1. Which is the oldest of the following books
A. A Short History of Nearly Everything.
B. Thing Explainer: Complicated Stuff in Simple Words.
C. Ask an Astronaut: My Guide to Life in Space.
D. Brief Answers to the Big Questions.
2. What is the challenge of reading the second book
A. Various topics. B. Technical terms.
C. Complicated subjects. D. Scientific illustrations.
3. What do the last two books have in common
A. They stress the practical use of science.
B. They use Q & A formats to explain ideas.
C. They require previous science knowledge.
D. They seem to appeal to the general public.
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一份不容错过的最佳科学书籍清单。
1题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章A Short History of Nearly Everything部分中的“It was published on February 4,2003, and was one of the best-selling popular science books of 2005 in the UK. (它于2003年2月4日出版，是2005年英国最畅销的科普书籍之一。)”、文章Thing Explainer: Complicated Stuff in Simple Words.部分中的“It is a 2015 non-fiction book created by Randall Munroe, in which the author explains various complex subjects using common English words. (这是兰德尔·门罗在2015年创作的一本非小说类书籍，作者用常见的英语单词解释了各种复杂的主题。)”、文章Ask an Astronaut: My Guide to Life in Space.部分中的“Published on October 19,2017, the book is Tim Peake’s personal guide to life in space, based on his own experience. (这本书于2017年10月19日出版，是蒂姆·皮克根据自己的经历撰写的太空生活个人指南。)”以及文章Brief Answers to the Big Questions.部分中的“Written by Stephen Hawking, the 2018 book examines some of the universe’s greatest mysteries and promotes the view that science is very important in helping solve problems. (这本2018年出版的书由斯蒂芬·霍金撰写，探讨了宇宙中一些最大的谜团，并推广了科学在帮助解决问题方面非常重要的观点。)”可知，A Short History of Nearly Everything出版于2003年，是四本书中最早出版的书籍。故选A。
2题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章Thing Explainer: Complicated Stuff in Simple Words.部分中的“However, the words and phrases used to describe the subjects are too technical to understand.(然而，用于描述主题的单词和短语过于专业，难以理解。)”可知，这本书中用于描述主题的单词和短语过于专业，难以理解。故选B。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章Ask an Astronaut: My Guide to Life in Space.部分中的“Q&A format makes it easy to quickly find answers and images are used to illustrate some of the more complex ideas, making it suitable for both children and adults. (问答的形式可以很容易地快速找到答案，并使用图像来说明一些更复杂的想法，使其适合儿童和成人。)”以及文章Brief Answers to the Big Questions.部分中的“Since complex ideas are communicated in a simple and understandable language, your previous physics knowledge is not required. For more advanced readers, it’s too basic. (因为复杂的思想是用简单易懂的语言传达的，所以不需要你以前的物理知识。对于更高级的读者来说，它太基础了。)”可知，这两本书都具有吸引普通公众的特质。故选D。
B
Life is hard－even harder than anyone thought it would be. When you were younger, you dreamed of the world being your playground, and you were told that you could do anything and be anyone you wanted. Somehow, though, things haven’t been the smooth sailing that you wanted them to be. The world seems to go against you, and the last thing you want to hear is “Cheer up!”
Still, there’s a couple of things you might not notice about your situation. Next time you’re down, maybe the following will provide motivation.
Firstly, not everything is bad. It’s a well-accepted fact that bad news makes for sensational (极好的) television ratings. The fact is that something negative catches a lot more attention than something positive, and that’s because it’s easy to see things in a negative light. However, that shouldn’t distract you from the bigger picture.
Resist the tunnel vision that results from constant negativity. Remember that even though there’s lots of really nasty stuff going on, you’re surrounded by some pretty awesome stuff as well.
You should also remember other people aren’t you. No one likes being compared to another person. What makes it even worse, if that’s even possible, is when you do it to yourself.
Stop comparing yourself to another person and you’ll realize that you’re much more awesome than you give yourself credit for.
Lastly, failure isn’t where the game stops. So you tried something new, but you didn’t follow through. Frustrated at yourself, you stop trying. As a result, your quality of life goes down terribly. You’ve given up on it, though, because you don’t see the point (since you failed the first time).
Now, you’re an adult. The things you are trying are much more complicated than five-year-old you. However, your behaviour shouldn’t change in the slightest－when you fail in something, that’s just more information in your data bank. You know that method doesn’t work, so try another one! And another one after that! Do this until you figure it out. Giving up is for losers, and you sure aren’t one of those.
4. The author mentioned bad news in order to show that .
A. bad news makes people see things in a negative light
B. bad news is more likely to catch people’s eyes
C. bad news attracts people to see positive things
D. bad news has a negative effect on television ratings
5. What does the underlined part “nasty stuff” in Para. 4 probably mean
A. Unstable emotions. B. Important events.
C. Amazing incidents . D. Something unpleasant.
6. How should we view failure according to the passage
A. We will change our behaviour.
B. We will keep trying the old method.
C. We should learn from failure.
D. We should think in a more complicated way.
7. What is the passage mainly about
A It inspires us to learn from negative experiences.
B. It compares negative and positive experiences.
C. It criticizes those who are affected by bad experiences.
D. It discusses how negative experiences affect others.
【答案】4. B 5. D 6. C 7. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者认为我们面对不好的事情不应该沮丧或放弃，而是应该把这当作学习的机会。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段第三句“The fact is that something negative catches a lot more attention than something positive, and that’s because it’s easy to see things in a negative light.(事实是，消极的东西比积极的东西吸引更多的注意力，这是因为人们很容易从消极的角度看待事物。)”可知，作者提到坏消息是为了说明坏消息更容易吸引人们的眼球。故选B。
5题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第四段第二句中的“you’re surrounded by some pretty awesome stuff as well(你周围也有很多很棒的东西)”和even though可知，此处是指即使有很多让人不愉快的事情，所以nasty stuff意为“让人不愉快的事情”。故选D。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第八段第三句到第六句“However, your behaviour shouldn’t change in the slightest－when you fail in something, that’s just more information in your data bank. You know that method doesn’t work, so try another one! And another one after that! Do this until you figure it out.(然而，你的行为不应该有丝毫改变——当你在某件事上失败时，这只是给你的数据库增加更多信息。你知道了那个方法不管用，那就试试另一个吧！再来一个！就这样做，直到你弄清楚为止。)”可知，我们应该从失败中学习。故选C。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“Still, there’s a couple of things you might not notice about your situation. Next time you’re down, maybe the following will provide motivation.(不过，在你的处境中，有几件事你可能没有注意到。下次你沮丧的时候，也许下面的建议会给你动力。)”，第三段第一句“Firstly, not everything is bad(首先，并非所有事情都是坏的)”，最后一句“However, that shouldn’t distract you from the bigger picture.(然而，这不应该分散你对大局的关注。)”和最后一段“Now, you’re an adult. The things you are trying are much more complicated than five-year-old you. However, your behaviour shouldn’t change in the slightest－when you fail in something, that’s just more information in your data bank. You know that method doesn’t work, so try another one! And another one after that! Do this until you figure it out. Giving up is for losers, and you sure aren’t one of those.(现在，你是成年人了。你正在尝试的事情比5岁的你要复杂得多。然而，你的行为不应该有丝毫改变——当你在某件事上失败时，这只是给你的数据库增加更多信息。你知道了那个方法不管用，那就试试另一个吧！再来一个！就这样做，直到你弄清楚为止。只有失败者才会放弃，而你肯定不是那种人。)”可知，文章主要是为了激励我们从消极的经历中学习。故选A。
C
A fourth color might be added to traffic lights to better realize the potential of self-driving vehicles, as stated in a recent paper by researchers at North Carolina State University in the US.
Autonomous vehicles can do more than just drive-they are able to sense their surroundings and upload information. A shared network gives orders to stop at a crossing based on traffic conditions.
The added white lights would be used to signal to human drivers that autonomous vehicles are managing the upcoming traffic flow intelligently. Drivers don’t have to check the traditional lights if the white one is on. “The white lights will tell human drivers to simply follow the car in front of them,” one of the study authors Ali Hajbabaie told the university’s website.
Simulated (模拟的) models showed that autonomous vehicles were able to improve traffic flow on their own. Introducing the white light also has a positive effect on reducing fuel consumption. The higher the percentage of autonomous vehicles at a crossing, the faster the traffic moves, reducing about 40 to 99 percent of the total delay time.
What kind of infrastructure (基础设施) is needed as self-driving technology thrives In an interview with China Surveying and Mapping magazine, Liu Jingnan at the Chinese Academy of Engineering shared his answers.
To begin with, the vehicle’s network that collects data about the environment and shares the data with other vehicles needs to be intelligent. High-precision maps are needed for autonomous vehicles to plan routes in detail. They can provide both updated information on traditional maps and real-time changes, such as accidents.
For example, when driving around a curve, the navigation (导航) system in the vehicle needs to calculate the safe speed based on the map’s information. And if the area is foggy, the network has to alarm the other cars to slow down.
Other elements on the road need to be upgraded too. For example, road markings should be precise and readable for machines. Sensors should be built on sidewalks and roads to allow vehicles to predict potentially dangerous situations.
8. What is the purpose of adding a white light to traffic lights
A. To signal to self-driving cars when to stop.
B. To help driverless cars assess traffic conditions.
C. To tell human drivers to go after the cars in front.
D. To signal to human drivers to pass the cars ahead.
9. According to the article, what effect would the introduction of self-driving cars bring about
A. Increased road safety. B. Reduced fuel efficiency.
C. Less time stuck in traffic. D. Unpredictable traffic patterns.
10. What is a function of high-precision maps in self-driving technology
A. To calculate a safe speed for vehicles. B. To provide real-time weather updates.
C. To plan routes for autonomous vehicles. D. To offer real-time data on road conditions.
11. What does the author intend to prove in the second-to-last paragraph
A. The advantages of autonomous vehicles.
B. The role of the navigation system in self-driving cars.
C. The application of the infrastructure in self-driving cars.
D. The efficiency of self-driving cars handling emergencies.
【答案】8. C 9. C 10. D 11. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。美国北卡罗莱纳州立大学的研究人员在最近的一篇论文中指出，交通信号灯可能会增加第四种颜色，以更好地发挥自动驾驶汽车的潜力。文章介绍了第四种颜色的作用以及自动驾驶汽车对交通的影响。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段““The white lights will tell human drivers to simply follow the car in front of them,” one of the study authors Ali Hajbabaie told the university’s website.(该研究的作者之一Ali Hajbabaie在接受该大学网站采访时表示：“白灯会告诉司机，只要跟着前面的车走就行了。”)”可知，交通灯加白灯的目的是告诉人类司机跟上前面的车。故选C。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“The higher the percentage of autonomous vehicles at a crossing, the faster the traffic moves, reducing about 40 to 99 percent of the total delay time.(自动驾驶车辆在十字路口的比例越高，交通移动速度越快，可以减少大约40%到99%的总延误时间)”可知，自动驾驶汽车的引入会减少堵在路上得时间。故选C。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“To begin with, the vehicle’s network that collects data about the environment and shares the data with other vehicles needs to be intelligent. High-precision maps are needed for autonomous vehicles to plan routes in detail. They can provide both updated information on traditional maps and real-time changes, such as accidents.(首先，收集环境数据并与其他车辆共享数据的车辆网络需要是智能的。自动驾驶汽车需要高精度地图来详细规划路线。它们既可以提供传统地图上的最新信息，也可以提供事故等实时变化)”可知，高精度地图在自动驾驶技术中的作用是提供道路状况的实时数据。故选D。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“For example, when driving around a curve, the navigation (导航) system in the vehicle needs to calculate the safe speed based on the map’s information. And if the area is foggy, the network has to alarm the other cars to slow down.(例如，当行驶在弯道上时，车内的导航系统需要根据地图上的信息计算出安全速度。如果该地区有雾，网络必须警告其他车辆减速)”可推知，作者想在倒数第二段证明基础设施在自动驾驶汽车中的应用。故选C。
D
Sharon Roseman was five years old when her world changed forever.She was playing Blind Man’s Bluff with friends outside her house.When she removed her blindfold (眼罩), she couldn’t recognize where she was.From that moment on, Roseman has been lost every day of her life.
Roseman is not alone in her experience.As an adult living in Denver, Colorado, in 2008, Roseman was diagnosed with a rare and newly discovered condition called Developmental Topographical Disorientation(DTD), which is a disorder that dramatically affects people’s abilities to navigate their familiar environment.
Dr. Giuseppe Iaria of the University of Calgary in Canada is credited with first identifying DTD.He confirms that odd as it sounds, people with DTD have no brain damage. He thinks genetic factors are likely to be responsible for it.
Paul Dudchenko, from the University of Stirling in the United Kingdom, has what he calls a place-cell theory. He says we get lost because all our hippocampal cells appear to be connected to landmarks. “They use things in the environment to orientate (确定方向) themselves and create a cognitive map,” he says. “If we don’t have things in the outside world to update the cognitive map, then it is likely to error.” That’s why people who are lost in a snowstorm, for instance, tend to go in circles. They think they’re heading in the right direction, but without external reference points their brain is unable to form a cognitive map, so they naturally tend to get lost.
“There seems to be a systematic error in the way people with DTD place landmarks in their mind,” Dudchenko says. How exactly this happens is still under investigation, but Dudchenko thinks the answer lies in the relationship between the various regions of the brain responsible for spatial cognition (空间认知).
For his part, Giuseppe Iaria is continuing with his research.Some of his recent work has focused on the role genes play in DTD.As well as helping sufferers of DTD, Iaria believes his research will offer an explanation for why some people are better at finding their way than others.While top researchers have more to learn, they are confident the answers won’t stay lost in the complexity of the brain forever.
12. Why does the author mention Roseman’s experience
A. To inform us of a sad story.
B. To give us background information.
C. To introduce a rare disease.
D. To support the author’s argument.
13. What trouble would people with DTD have
A. Navigating novel and unfamiliar environments.
B. Remembering the layout of their neighborhood.
C. Understanding the detailed information on a map.
D. Recalling the names of familiar places and people.
14. What does Dudchenko say about DTD
A. It gives rise to severe brain damage.
B. It happens when cognitive map fails.
C. It connects one’s brain and cognition.
D. It arises from a systematic genetic error.
15. What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A. Genes play the most important role in DTD.
B. The ability to find one’s way can be improved.
C. Iaria’s research has already helped sufferers of DTD.
D. The truth about DTD will be brought to light someday.
【答案】12. C 13. B 14. B 15. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家们对DTD这一罕见疾病的研究和解释。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Sharon Roseman was five years old when her world changed forever. She was playing Blind Man’s Bluff with friends outside her house. When she removed her blindfold (眼罩), she couldn’t recognize where she was. From that moment on, Roseman has been lost every day of her life.(Sharon Roseman五岁时，她的世界永远地改变了。她正在屋外和朋友们玩“盲人的虚张声势”。当她摘下眼罩时，她不知道自己身在何处。从那一刻起，Roseman每天都在迷失自己。)”以及文章第二段“Roseman is not alone in her experience. As an adult living in Denver, Colorado, in 2008, Roseman was diagnosed with a rare and newly discovered condition called Developmental Topographical Disorientation(DTD), which is a disorder that dramatically affects people’s abilities to navigate their familiar environment.( Roseman并不是唯一一个有这种经历的人。2008年，作为一个生活在科罗拉多州丹佛市的成年人，Roseman被诊断出患有一种罕见的新发现的疾病，叫做发展性地形定向障碍(DTD)，这种疾病会极大地影响人们在熟悉的环境中导航的能力。)”可知，文章提到Sharon Roseman的经历，是为了引出本文的主题，即DTD这种疾病的相关知识。故选C。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“As an adult living in Denver, Colorado, in 2008, Roseman was diagnosed with a rare and newly discovered condition called Developmental Topographical Disorientation(DTD), which is a disorder that dramatically affects people’s abilities to navigate their familiar environment.( 2008年，作为一个生活在科罗拉多州丹佛市的成年人，Roseman被诊断出患有一种罕见的新发现的疾病，叫做发展性地形定向障碍(DTD)，这种疾病会极大地影响人们在熟悉的环境中导航的能力。”)可知，这种疾病是一种影响人们在熟悉环境中导航能力的疾病，由此可知，患上这类疾病的人无法记住自己居住地的布局，导致在日常生活中容易迷失方向。故选B。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段““They use things in the environment to orientate (确定方向) themselves and create a cognitive map,” he says. “If we don’t have things in the outside world to update the cognitive map, then it is likely to error.”(他说：“他们利用环境中的事物来定位自己，并创建一个认知地图。如果我们没有外部世界的东西来更新认知地图，那么它很可能会出错。”)”以及第五段““There seems to be a systematic error in the way people with DTD place landmarks in their mind,” Dudchenko says. How exactly this happens is still under investigation, but Dudchenko thinks the answer lies in the relationship between the various regions of the brain responsible for spatial cognition (空间认知).(“患有DTD的人在脑海中定位地标的方式似乎存在系统性错误，”Dudchenko说。这究竟是如何发生的仍在调查中，但Dudchenko认为答案在于大脑中负责空间认知的各个区域之间的关系。)”可知，Dudchenko认为患有DTD的人在脑海中定位地标的方式似乎存在系统性错误，从而导致无法创建认知地图。故选B。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“While top researchers have more to learn, they are confident the answers won’t stay lost in the complexity of the brain forever.(虽然顶级研究人员还有更多的东西要学，但他们相信答案不会永远消失在大脑的复杂性中。)”可知，虽然关于DTD还有许多信息没有弄清楚，但是研究人员对于解开其真相还是有信心的。故选D。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Personal Forgiveness
Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human. ____16____ You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.
In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” ____17____ Are you caring Creative Generous A good listener Fun to be around They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of.
At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. ____18____
You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. ____19____ That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this — it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.
It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. ____20____ We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
【答案】16. D 17. B 18. F 19. C 20. G
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章鼓励人们练习自我宽恕，并提供了一个简单的写作练习来增强自信。通过列出个人的优点和善良的行为，人们可以学会原谅自己的错误，并从中成长。
【16题详解】
根据空前内容“Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human. (为错误承担责任是积极的一步，但不要因此而自责。人孰能无过)”可知，作者认为人都会犯错，勇于承担责任固然重要，但是也不要因此而过于自责。结合空后“You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this. (你可以使用下面的写作练习来帮助你做到这一点)”中的“do this”以及下文内容可推断，空处应该内容和“不要太自责”相似。选项D“It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness. (宽恕自己也同样重要)”与“不要太自责”语意相近，起承上启下的作用。故选D。
【17题详解】
根据空前内容“In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths. ” (在日记或纸上写上“个人优点”)”以及空后内容“Are you caring Creative Generous A good listener Fun to be around They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of. (你有爱心吗？有创造力吗？你慷慨吗？是一个好的倾听者？与人相处很有趣吗？它们不一定要改变世界，只要你个性中让你感到自豪的方面就行)”可知，空处指的是列出一些你个性中的优点。选项B“Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself. (现在列出所有你喜欢的自己身上的特点)”符合上下文内容，下文内容具体解释那些是优点。故选B。
【18题详解】
根据上文内容“At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. (在第二页的顶部，写上“善举”的标题。在这张单子上，列出你为别人做过的所有积极的事情。它可能是当你帮助朋友做作业的时候，当你没有被要求却主动熨衣服的时候，或者当你在家人累了一天之后烤饼干的时候)”可知，本段主要讲述的是列出一些自己所做的好事。选项F“Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down. (不管是什么，不管它看起来有多小，都要把它写下来)”与上文内容一致，讲述的是不管你所做的事情不管有多小，只要是好的事情，都记下来。故选F。
【19题详解】
根据空后内容“That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. (这样，你们就可以交换意见，谈谈是什么让你们每个人都与众不同，以及你们个性中闪光的方面)”可知，空处提到了某种方式，这种方式会使得你和朋友们一起交换意见等。选项C“They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise. (他们甚至可能想试一试做练习)”符合语境，C项中的“they”与空前的“You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. (你可以让朋友或家人帮你增加你的列表内容。)”中的“a friend or family member”保持一致，同时选项C和下文“In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this — it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time. (事实上，不要等到你犯了错误才去尝试这个——这是一个在任何时候都能增强自信的好方法)”中的“this”一致。故选C。
【20题详解】
根据空前内容“It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. (大多数人不是从他们的成功中学习，而是从他们的错误中学习，这是陈词滥调。但事实是，这是真的)”可知，作者认为人是从错误中学习。选项G“Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality. (不管你犯了什么错误，记住这不是你性格中固定的一面)”符合语境，G项中的“isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality”和空后内容“We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow. (我们一直在改变和学习，错误是一种积极的发展和成长的方式)”保持一致，指的都是犯错并不是性格中固有的一面，我们是通过错误来成长。故选G。
【点睛】
第三部分 语言运用（共四节，满分30分）
第一节 完型填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I knocked lightly on Mrs. B’s door. “I’m Barbara, a hospice (临终安养院) volunteer.” I said nervously. It was my first week on the job, and my biggest ____21____ was figuring out how to begin with a patient.
“Please, sit down,” Mrs. B said, indicating the chair beside her bed. We chatted ____22____ about the framed ____23____ on her windowsill—her two daughters, many grandchildren, even great-grandchildren. Then she grew ____24____.
“What were you thinking about when I walked in ” I asked, sensing she might be waiting to see if I would ____25____ her to the truest place where this conversation could go.
“I know I’m not going to be around much ____26____. I’m at peace with that. But my grandson called yesterday. He’s ____27____ that he can’t make it to see me before I pass.”
“Have you thought about writing him a(n) ____28____ ”
Mrs. B seemed to ____29____ a little. “I can dictate (口述) if you’d write for me,” she said.
I walked down the hall and ____30____ pens and paper materials. Mrs. B ____31____ her grandson’s letter and decided to dictate others — for her daughters, the other grandchildren and great-grandchildren. Then she ____32____ her church community and her bridge club too.
She asked me to put away the letters before I left. “I asked God to send me a(n) ____33____ this morning,” she said. “Now I know it was you.”
At that very moment I came to realize that we all ____34____ a loving spark. Kissing Mrs. B on her forehead, I knew simply showing up might be a precious ____35____.
21. A. pity B. concern C. shame D. strength
22. A. instantly B. eagerly C. easily D. proudly
23. A. photos B. albums C. posters D. stickers
24. A. active B. careful C. polite D. silent
25. A. accompany B. follow C. commit D. adapt
26. A. faster B. earlier C. longer D. quicker
27. A. sensitive B. awkward C. sad D. stressed
28. A. article B. e-mail C. note D. letter
29. A. brighten up B. clear up C. spring up D. keep up
30. A. submitted B. returned C. distributed D. fetched
31. A. continued B. finished C. delivered D. received
32. A. described B. assessed C. targeted D. added
33. A. angel B. expert C. hero D. doctor
34. A. perceive B. advocate C. defend D. carry
35. A. skill B. gift C. clue D. sign
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. D 26. C 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. D 31. B 32. D 33. A 34. D 35. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了作者作为临终安养院志愿者，第一周的工作中，走进老人家中，帮助老人解决问题的故事。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：那是我工作的第一周，我最担心的事是如何和一个病人开始。A. pity可怜；B. concern重要的事物；C. shame羞耻；D. strength力量。根据前文的“It was my first week on the job”和后文“figuring out how to begin with a patient”可知，作者第一周作为一名临终临终安养院志愿者，第一次面对这种情况，作者担心的事情是如何和一个病人开始。故选B项。
【22题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们轻松地聊起她窗台上的相框——她的两个女儿，许多孙子，甚至曾孙。A. instantly立即地；B. eagerly急切地；C. easily容易地，轻松地；D. proudly骄傲地。根据后文的“about the 3 on her windowsill — her two daughters, many grandchildren, even great-grandchildren.”和“I’m at peace with that.”可知，老人对于死亡很平静，二人谈论她的两个女儿，许多孙子，甚至曾孙，没有特殊的事情发生，对话因该是轻松地。故选C项。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们轻松地聊起她窗台上的相框——她的两个女儿，许多孙子，甚至曾孙。A. photos照片；B. albums相册；C. posters海报；D. stickers贴纸。根据后文的“on her windowsill”可知，放在窗台上的应该是家人的照片。故选A项。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后她沉默了。A. active主动的；B. careful小心的；C. polite礼貌的；D. silent沉默的。根据后文的“I asked, sensing she might be waiting to see if I would 5 her to the truest place where this conversation could go.”可知，感觉她可能在等着看作者是否会把她介绍给这次谈话可以进行的最真实的地方，可推知老人没有说话，她沉默了。故选D项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我进来的时候你在想什么？”我问，感觉她可能在等着看我是否能让她调整这次谈话的最真实的地方。A. accompany陪同；B. follow跟随；C. commit承诺；D. adapt调整。根据前文的“What were you thinking about when I walked in”可知，作者看到老人沉默后，换了一个话题，因为作者认为老人等着自己调整一个真正对她有意义的话题。故选D项。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我知道我活不了多久了。A. faster更快；B. earlier较早的；C. longer较长的；D. quicker更快。根据前文的“I’m Barbara, a hospice (临终安养院) volunteer.”和“I know I’m not going to be around”可知，老人知道自己活不了多久了。not much longer“不会太久”。故选C项。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他很伤心，因为他不能在我去世前见到我。A. sensitive敏感的；B. awkward尴尬的；C. sad伤心的；D. stressed焦虑的。根据后文的“that he can’t make it to see me before I pass”可知，因为老人的孙子不能在老人去世前见到老人，所以老人的孙子很伤心。故选C项。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：你有没有想过给他写封信？A. article文章；B. e-mail电子邮件；C. note笔记；D. letter信。根据后文的“I can dictate (口述) if you’d write for me”和“I walked down the hall and 10 pens and paper materials.”可知，老人口述，作者写，作者走到大厅，拿来笔和纸质材料，所以推测作者建议老人写信。故选D项。
【29题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：B太太似乎高兴了一点。A. brighten up露出喜色；B. clear up清除；C. spring up突然出现；D. keep up跟上。根据后文的“I can dictate (口述) if you’d write for me”可知，作者建议老人写信，老人说自己口述，作者写，表明老人同意了作者的建议，所以此处表示老人认为作者的建议很好，所以B太太似乎高兴了一点，露出喜色。故选A项。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我走到大厅，拿来笔和纸质材料。A. submitted提交；B. returned返回；C. distributed分布；D. fetched拿来。根据前文的“I can dictate (口述) if you’d write for me”和后文“pens and paper materials”可知，老人说自己口述，作者写，所以作者去大厅拿来笔和纸质材料。故选D项。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：B太太完成了孙子的信，决定口述其他的——给她的女儿们、其他孙子们和曾孙们。A. continued继续；B. finished完成；C. delivered交付；D. received收到。根据前文的“her grandson’s letter and decided to dictate others”可知，老人完成了孙子的信后，想口述以便作者给她其余的亲人写信。故选B项。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后她又添加了她的教会社区和桥牌俱乐部。A. described描述；B. assessed评估；C. targeted面向，把……作为攻击目标；D. added添加，增加。根据前文的“Mrs. B ____11____ her grandson’s letter and decided to dictate others — for her daughters, the other grandchildren and great-grandchildren.”和后文“her church community and her bridge club too”可知，老人完成了孙子的信，又口述以便作者给她其余的亲人写信，最后给她的教会社区和桥牌俱乐部写信，即把他们也添加进来。故选D项。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“今天早上我请求上帝给我派一个天使，”她说。A. angel天使；B. expert专家；C. hero英雄；D. doctor医生。根据前文的“Mrs. B 11 her grandson’s letter and decided to dictate others—for her daughters, the other grandchildren and great-grandchildren. Then she…her church community and her bridge club too.”和后文“Now I know it was you”可知，作者给老人提出了很好的建议，并且在作者的帮助下，老人给自己惦念的人写了信，老人感激作者，认为作者是上帝给自己派的天使，所以此处指老人请求上帝给自己派一个天使。故选A项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在那一刻，我意识到我们每个人身上都有爱的火花。A. perceive感知；B. advocate倡导；C. defend保护；D. carry具有（某品质或特点）。根据后文的“a loving spark”可知，作者认为每个人身上都有爱的火花。故选D项。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在B太太的额头上吻了一下，我知道仅仅是出现在她面前就可能是一份珍贵的礼物。A. skill技能；B. gift礼物；C. clue线索；D. sign签名。根据前文的“I knew simply showing up might be a precious”可知，作者帮助了老人，作者认为我们每个人身上都有爱的火花，仅仅是出现在她面前就可能是一份珍贵的礼物。故选B项。
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下而材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
A new branch of the Palace Museum is expected to rise on Beijing outskirts over the next few years to better showcase the ____36____ (museum) cultural relics.
After nearly a decade of preparation, construction of the new branch began last December. ____37____ (locate) in Xiyehe, a village in Haidian District, the new branch will cover more than 100,000 square meters, including ____38____ exhibition space of over 60,000 square meters for cultural relics and more than 35,000 square meters for relic ____39____ (restore).
At present, over 1.86 million cultural relics ____40____ (house) in the museum. However, only about 10,000 pieces are able to be displayed every year due to limited exhibition spaces ____41____ outdated offices.
Du Haijiang, deputy director of the Palace Museum, briefed the public on the project in an interview with CCTV on January 26th, ____42____ (explain) that calligraphy works and paintings couldn’t be put on display during rainy seasons, in winter or summer, because of strict temperature and humidity requirements. Some silk and cotton artworks ____43____ (current) cannot be exhibited at all for lack of the necessary environment.
On completion of the new branch, it will be possible ____44____ (display) between 20,000 and 30,000 individual relics each year. The new venue will be a modern exhibition space _____45_____ multiple functions to provide relic preservation, repair work, and visitor services.
【答案】36. museum’s
37. Located
38. an 39. restoration
40. are housed
41. and 42. explaining
43. currently
44. to display
45. with
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了几年后建成的故宫博物院的一个新分馆将更好的展出文物和提供服务。
36题详解】
考查名词所有格。句意：故宫博物院的一个新分馆预计将在未来几年内在北京郊区拔地而起，以更好地展示故宫的文物。修饰名词词组cultural relics应用名词所有格museum’s表示“博物馆的”。故填museum’s。
【37题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：新分馆位于海淀区西冶河村，占地面积超过10万平方米，其中包括6万多平方米的文物展览空间和3.5万多平方米的文物修复空间。空处需填非谓语动词作状语，the new branch和locate为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Located。
【38题详解】
考查冠词。句意同上。a/an...space of“一个……的空间”是固定表达，修饰词exhibition的发音是元音音素开头，故填an。
【39题详解】
考查名词。句意同上。空处应填名词作宾语，restoration“修复”符合题意，抽象概念，不可数。故填restoration。
【40题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：目前，该博物馆收藏了186多万件文物。空处为句子谓语动词，根据时间状语at present判断为一般现在时，主语relics和house之间为被动关系，故应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是复数。故填are housed。
【41题详解】
考查连词。句意：然而，由于展览空间有限和办公室陈旧，每年只能展出约1万件作品。“有限的展览空间”和“办公室陈旧”是并列关系，都是每年只能展出约1万件作品的原因，应用and连接。故填and。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：1月26日，故宫博物院副馆长Du Haijiang在接受中央电视台采访时向公众介绍了该项目，他解释说，由于严格的温度和湿度要求，书法作品和绘画作品不能在雨季、冬季或夏季展出。分析可知，此处作伴随状语，应用非谓语动词，explain和逻辑主语Du Haijiang之间为主动关系，应用现在分词。故填explaining。
【43题详解】
考查副词。句意：由于缺乏必要的环境，一些丝绸和棉花艺术品目前根本无法展出。修饰谓语动词cannot be exhibited应用所给词的副词形式。故填currently。
【44题详解】
考查不定式。句意：新分馆建成后，每年可以展出2万至3万件文物。此处为固定句型：it be+adj.+to do sth.“做某事是……的”，it是形式主语，不定式是真正的主语。故填to display。
【45题详解】
考查介词。句意：新场馆将是一个现代化的展览空间，具有多供文物保护、修复和游客服务等多种功能。结合句意和句子结构可知，此处用介词with表示“有，具有”。故填with。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 假定你是学生会主席李华，你校将举办一场“传统文化、薪火相传——用英语讲述中国节日”的演讲比赛，请你写一篇演讲稿介绍端午节及该节日里的主要活动，内容包括：
1. 节日日期及起源；2. 节日庆祝活动；3. 庆祝端午节的意义
注意：1. 词数80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节使行文流畅。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】范文
Good morning, everyone!
I’m Li Hua from High School. I will introduce the Dragon Boat Festival to you, which falls on the fifth day of the lunar calendar. It is believed that the festival was celebrated in memory of the famous ancient poet Qu Yuan. There are some activities during the day. The most important activity of the festival is the dragon-boat racing. Besides, people always eat zong zi. What’s more, people hang herbs on the front door to clear the bad luck of the house.
Although the significance of the festival might be different from the past, it still gives us an opportunity to spread Chinese culture to the world.
Thank you for your listening!
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一篇演讲稿介绍端午节及该节日里的主要活动。
【详解】1.词汇积累
著名的：famous→noted
纪念：in memory of→honor
庆祝：celebrate→observe
此外：besides/what’s more→in addition
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：Besides, people always eat zong zi. What’s more, people hang herbs on the front door to clear the bad luck of the house.
拓展句：Not only do people eat zong zi, but also they hang herbs on the front door to clear the bad luck of the house.
【点睛】[高分句型1] It is believed that the festival was celebrated in memory of the famous ancient poet Qu Yuan. (运用了that引导主语从句)
[高分句型2] Although the significance of the festival might be different from the past, it still gives us an opportunity to spread Chinese culture to the world. (运用了although引导让步状语从句)
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
As a young boy, I was innocent. Every vacation I looked forward to two things-seeing my grandpa and hearing his wonderful stories. My grandpa was a very good storyteller. He had worked various jobs when he was young and wove ( 编 织)his adventures and misadventures into fantastic tales. These wonderful tales colored my childhood.
As I grew up, I had to admit that Grandpa's stories went on a little long, even a little boring and gradually lost their magic. However, not wanting to upset him, my brother and I would sometimes take turns sitting in the living room, listening to grandpa tell his stories.
When my grandpa was approaching 91, he suffered from serious memory-loss.It was kind of what doctors called dementia (痴呆),probably the earliest stage of Alzheimer's disease. Following the doctor's directions, we moved him into a Sunrise Assisted Living Community, where he could get a better care. After that,grandpa hardly came to our house.
One weekend before my grandpa's birthday, I came to visit him. Seeing grandpa sitting in his armchair, dull-looking, I was filled with mixed feelings. I wheeled grandpa to the sunshine in the courtyard, talking to him. He couldn't express himself clearly and spoke in short bursts, but I listened to him patiently and carefully just as I used to be a little boy.
It was then that I noticed a shadow box with some old and yellowish photos in it. I picked one up, in which my brother, several boys in our neighborhood, and I were playing basketball, wearing basketball jerseys (球衣), with grandpa cheering us on ten years before.
注意：
1.词数150左右：
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
My mind flashed back to those beautiful memories.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
A bright idea for grandpa's birthday came to my mind.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
My mind flashed back to those beautiful memories. Back then, Grandpa was in good physical condition. After school, my friends and I would play basketball with him. He was happy like a child. Sometimes, he just sat there watching us, cheering and laughing. In my heart, not only was he my grandpa but also my best friend,a most important person in my life. With his company, I enjoyed a sweet childhood. How I wished we could go back to the past!
A bright idea for grandpa's birthday came to my mind. "Why not bring the old days back to grandpa "I thought to myself. In the following days, I bought the same basketball jerseys and arranged a similar-looking basketball court. The big day finally came. All the family members put on a special memory-recalling basketball game.The "same players" on the court, running and laughing, reminded grandpa of something. He cheered and clapped, with a big smile. I was overjoyed to see the spark in his eyes.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了一张泛黄的照片给了作者灵感，让他为患有阿尔茨海默症的爷爷准备了一份特别的生日礼物——营造一种回到过去的氛围。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我的脑海里闪过那些美好的回忆。”可知，第一段可描写童年时，爷爷陪伴作者的快乐情景。
②由第二段首句内容“我想到了一个为爷爷过生日的好主意。”可知，第二段可描写作者是如何给爷爷过生日的。
2.续写线索：回忆——爷爷陪伴——快乐童年——想到好主意——营造回到过去的氛围
3.词汇激活
行为类
①购买：buy/purchase
②.布置、安排：arrange / make arrangements for
③.鼓掌：clap / applaud
情绪类
①.开心的：happy /pleased
②.欣喜若狂：overjoyed / jump out of one's skin
【点睛】[高分句型1]. Sometimes, he just sat there watching us, cheering and laughing.（运用了现在分词作伴随状语）
[高分句型2]. In my heart, not only was he my grandpa but also my best friend, a most important person in my life.（运用了部分倒装）福建省厦门第一中学2023—2024学年度第二学期期中考试
高一年英语试卷
第Ⅰ卷
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题。从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What are they talking about
A. Hobbies. B. Part-time jobs. C. Schoolwork.
2. Where does the woman want to go
A. Korea. B. Canada. C. China.
3. What street is the gas station on
A. South Street. B. Central Street. C. Turner Lane.
4. What does the woman like best
A. Oranges. B. Apples. C. Watermelons.
5. What does the man want to do
A. Ask for advice. B. Buy a shirt. C. Change a shirt.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What’s the relationship between the two speakers
A. Friends. B. Neighbors. C. Couples.
7. What does the man do
A. A secretary. B. A manager. C. A math teacher.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. How many people did Molly invite
A. Sixteen. B. Seventeen. C. Eighteen.
9. Where did the woman watch Titanic
A. At a friend’s. B. At the cinema. C. At home.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. When does the conversation take place
A. At the end of the term. B. In the middle of the term. C. At the beginning of the term.
11. What is Tim’s hobby
A. Sunbathing. B. Swimming. C. Travelling.
12. Why will Liz go to Harbin
A. To visit her friends. B. To go skating. C. To enjoy the festival.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. When does the library close
A. At 7.30 p.m. B. At 8:00 p.m. C. At 8:30 p.m.
14. What does Ted ask the girl to do
A. Borrow a book for him. B. Buy a book for him. C. Return a book for him.
15. What can we learn about the girl
A. She is doing a class report. B. She finds history boring. C. She has some new books.
16. What kind of books does the girl need
A. History. B. Culture. C. American food.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. Where did Lisa see the first snow this year
A. In Scotland. B. In London. C. In the north of England.
18. What does Lisa love to do on snowy days
A Take some photos. B. Make snowmen. C. Have snowball fights.
19. What is the temperature here today
A. -1℃ B. 0℃. C. 1℃.
20. What does Lisa advise Jane to wear
A. Thick gloves. B. Right shoes. C. Dark coats.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
There are thousands of science books on a huge variety of topics.Which ones should you choose Luckily for you, we have made a list of the best science books that you should not miss.
A Short History of Nearly Everything
Written by Bill Bryson, it is a popular science book that explains some areas of science.It was published on February 4,2003, and was one of the best-selling popular science books of 2005 in the UK.It explains a variety of scientific topics in a vivid and comprehensive way, which makes it accessible for people with no science knowledge.But it’s quite long.
Thing Explainer: Complicated Stuff in Simple Words
It is a 2015 non-fiction book created by Randall Munroe, in which the author explains various complex subjects using common English words.It covers a wide range of topics and explains complex ideas using illustrations, so it’s entertaining and easily understood.However, the words and phrases used to describe the subjects are too technical to understand.
Ask an Astronaut: My Guide to Life in Space
Published on October 19,2017, the book is Tim Peake’s personal guide to life in space, based on his own experience. Q&A format makes it easy to quickly find answers and images are used to illustrate some of the more complex ideas, making it suitable for both children and adults. The disadvantage is that the Q&A format can become boring sometimes.
Brief Answers to the Big Questions
Written by Stephen Hawking, the 2018 book examines some of the universe’s greatest mysteries and promotes the view that science is very important in helping solve problems.It provides a great introduction to Stephen Hawking’s thoughts.Since complex ideas are communicated in a simple and understandable language, your previous physics knowledge is not required.For more advanced readers, it’s too basic.
1. Which is the oldest of the following books
A. A Short History of Nearly Everything.
B. Thing Explainer: Complicated Stuff in Simple Words.
C. Ask an Astronaut: My Guide to Life in Space.
D. Brief Answers to the Big Questions.
2. What is the challenge of reading the second book
A. Various topics. B. Technical terms.
C. Complicated subjects. D. Scientific illustrations.
3. What do the last two books have in common
A. They stress the practical use of science.
B. They use Q & A formats to explain ideas.
C. They require previous science knowledge.
D. They seem to appeal to the general public.
B
Life is hard－even harder than anyone thought it would be. When you were younger, you dreamed of the world being your playground, and you were told that you could do anything and be anyone you wanted. Somehow, though, things haven’t been the smooth sailing that you wanted them to be. The world seems to go against you, and the last thing you want to hear is “Cheer up!”
Still, there’s a couple of things you might not notice about your situation. Next time you’re down, maybe the following will provide motivation.
Firstly, not everything is bad. It’s a well-accepted fact that bad news makes for sensational (极好) television ratings. The fact is that something negative catches a lot more attention than something positive, and that’s because it’s easy to see things in a negative light. However, that shouldn’t distract you from the bigger picture.
Resist the tunnel vision that results from constant negativity. Remember that even though there’s lots of really nasty stuff going on, you’re surrounded by some pretty awesome stuff as well.
You should also remember other people aren’t you. No one likes being compared to another person. What makes it even worse, if that’s even possible, is when you do it to yourself.
Stop comparing yourself to another person and you’ll realize that you’re much more awesome than you give yourself credit for.
Lastly, failure isn’t where the game stops. So you tried something new, but you didn’t follow through. Frustrated at yourself, you stop trying. As a result, your quality of life goes down terribly. You’ve given up on it, though, because you don’t see the point (since you failed the first time).
Now, you’re an adult. The things you are trying are much more complicated than five-year-old you. However, your behaviour shouldn’t change in the slightest－when you fail in something, that’s just more information in your data bank. You know that method doesn’t work, so try another one! And another one after that! Do this until you figure it out. Giving up is for losers, and you sure aren’t one of those.
4. The author mentioned bad news in order to show that .
A. bad news makes people see things in a negative light
B. bad news is more likely to catch people’s eyes
C. bad news attracts people to see positive things
D. bad news has a negative effect on television ratings
5. What does the underlined part “nasty stuff” in Para. 4 probably mean
A. Unstable emotions. B. Important events.
C. Amazing incidents . D. Something unpleasant.
6. How should we view failure according to the passage
A. We will change our behaviour.
B. We will keep trying the old method.
C We should learn from failure.
D. We should think in a more complicated way.
7. What is the passage mainly about
A. It inspires us to learn from negative experiences.
B. It compares negative and positive experiences.
C. It criticizes those who are affected by bad experiences.
D. It discusses how negative experiences affect others.
C
A fourth color might be added to traffic lights to better realize the potential of self-driving vehicles, as stated in a recent paper by researchers at North Carolina State University in the US.
Autonomous vehicles can do more than just drive-they are able to sense their surroundings and upload information. A shared network gives orders to stop at a crossing based on traffic conditions.
The added white lights would be used to signal to human drivers that autonomous vehicles are managing the upcoming traffic flow intelligently. Drivers don’t have to check the traditional lights if the white one is on. “The white lights will tell human drivers to simply follow the car in front of them,” one of the study authors Ali Hajbabaie told the university’s website.
Simulated (模拟的) models showed that autonomous vehicles were able to improve traffic flow on their own. Introducing the white light also has a positive effect on reducing fuel consumption. The higher the percentage of autonomous vehicles at a crossing, the faster the traffic moves, reducing about 40 to 99 percent of the total delay time.
What kind of infrastructure (基础设施) is needed as self-driving technology thrives In an interview with China Surveying and Mapping magazine, Liu Jingnan at the Chinese Academy of Engineering shared his answers.
To begin with, the vehicle’s network that collects data about the environment and shares the data with other vehicles needs to be intelligent. High-precision maps are needed for autonomous vehicles to plan routes in detail. They can provide both updated information on traditional maps and real-time changes, such as accidents.
For example, when driving around a curve, the navigation (导航) system in the vehicle needs to calculate the safe speed based on the map’s information. And if the area is foggy, the network has to alarm the other cars to slow down.
Other elements on the road need to be upgraded too. For example, road markings should be precise and readable for machines. Sensors should be built on sidewalks and roads to allow vehicles to predict potentially dangerous situations.
8. What is the purpose of adding a white light to traffic lights
A To signal to self-driving cars when to stop.
B. To help driverless cars assess traffic conditions.
C. To tell human drivers to go after the cars in front.
D. To signal to human drivers to pass the cars ahead.
9. According to the article, what effect would the introduction of self-driving cars bring about
A. Increased road safety. B. Reduced fuel efficiency.
C. Less time stuck in traffic. D. Unpredictable traffic patterns.
10. What is a function of high-precision maps in self-driving technology
A. To calculate a safe speed for vehicles. B. To provide real-time weather updates.
C. To plan routes for autonomous vehicles. D. To offer real-time data on road conditions.
11. What does the author intend to prove in the second-to-last paragraph
A. The advantages of autonomous vehicles.
B. The role of the navigation system in self-driving cars.
C. The application of the infrastructure in self-driving cars.
D. The efficiency of self-driving cars handling emergencies.
D
Sharon Roseman was five years old when her world changed forever.She was playing Blind Man’s Bluff with friends outside her house.When she removed her blindfold (眼罩), she couldn’t recognize where she was.From that moment on, Roseman has been lost every day of her life.
Roseman is not alone in her experience.As an adult living in Denver, Colorado, in 2008, Roseman was diagnosed with a rare and newly discovered condition called Developmental Topographical Disorientation(DTD), which is a disorder that dramatically affects people’s abilities to navigate their familiar environment.
Dr. Giuseppe Iaria of the University of Calgary in Canada is credited with first identifying DTD.He confirms that odd as it sounds, people with DTD have no brain damage. He thinks genetic factors are likely to be responsible for it.
Paul Dudchenko, from the University of Stirling in the United Kingdom, has what he calls a place-cell theory. He says we get lost because all our hippocampal cells appear to be connected to landmarks. “They use things in the environment to orientate (确定方向) themselves and create a cognitive map,” he says. “If we don’t have things in the outside world to update the cognitive map, then it is likely to error.” That’s why people who are lost in a snowstorm, for instance, tend to go in circles. They think they’re heading in the right direction, but without external reference points their brain is unable to form a cognitive map, so they naturally tend to get lost.
“There seems to be a systematic error in the way people with DTD place landmarks in their mind,” Dudchenko says. How exactly this happens is still under investigation, but Dudchenko thinks the answer lies in the relationship between the various regions of the brain responsible for spatial cognition (空间认知).
For his part, Giuseppe Iaria is continuing with his research.Some of his recent work has focused on the role genes play in DTD.As well as helping sufferers of DTD, Iaria believes his research will offer an explanation for why some people are better at finding their way than others.While top researchers have more to learn, they are confident the answers won’t stay lost in the complexity of the brain forever.
12. Why does the author mention Roseman’s experience
A. To inform us of a sad story.
B. To give us background information.
C. To introduce a rare disease.
D. To support the author’s argument.
13. What trouble would people with DTD have
A. Navigating novel and unfamiliar environments.
B. Remembering the layout of their neighborhood.
C. Understanding the detailed information on a map.
D. Recalling the names of familiar places and people.
14. What does Dudchenko say about DTD
A. It gives rise to severe brain damage.
B. It happens when cognitive map fails.
C. It connects one’s brain and cognition.
D. It arises from a systematic genetic error.
15. What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A. Genes play the most important role in DTD.
B. The ability to find one’s way can be improved.
C. Iaria’s research has already helped sufferers of DTD.
D. The truth about DTD will be brought to light someday.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Personal Forgiveness
Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human. ____16____ You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.
In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” ____17____ Are you caring Creative Generous A good listener Fun to be around They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of.
At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. ____18____
You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. ____19____ That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this — it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.
It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. ____20____ We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
第三部分 语言运用（共四节，满分30分）
第一节 完型填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I knocked lightly on Mrs. B’s door. “I’m Barbara a hospice (临终安养院) volunteer.” I said nervously. It was my first week on the job, and my biggest ____21____ was figuring out how to begin with a patient.
“Please, sit down,” Mrs. B said, indicating the chair beside her bed. We chatted ____22____ about the framed ____23____ on her windowsill—her two daughters, many grandchildren, even great-grandchildren. Then she grew ____24____.
“What were you thinking about when I walked in ” I asked, sensing she might be waiting to see if I would ____25____ her to the truest place where this conversation could go.
“I know I’m not going to be around much ____26____. I’m at peace with that. But my grandson called yesterday. He’s ____27____ that he can’t make it to see me before I pass.”
“Have you thought about writing him a(n) ____28____ ”
Mrs. B seemed to ____29____ a little. “I can dictate (口述) if you’d write for me,” she said.
I walked down the hall and ____30____ pens and paper materials. Mrs. B ____31____ her grandson’s letter and decided to dictate others — for her daughters, the other grandchildren and great-grandchildren. Then she ____32____ her church community and her bridge club too.
She asked me to put away the letters before I left. “I asked God to send me a(n) ____33____ this morning,” she said. “Now I know it was you.”
At that very moment I came to realize that we all ____34____ a loving spark. Kissing Mrs. B on her forehead, I knew simply showing up might be a precious ____35____.
21. A. pity B. concern C. shame D. strength
22. A. instantly B. eagerly C. easily D. proudly
23. A. photos B. albums C. posters D. stickers
24. A. active B. careful C. polite D. silent
25. A. accompany B. follow C. commit D. adapt
26. A. faster B. earlier C. longer D. quicker
27. A. sensitive B. awkward C. sad D. stressed
28. A. article B. e-mail C. note D. letter
29. A. brighten up B. clear up C. spring up D. keep up
30. A. submitted B. returned C. distributed D. fetched
31. A. continued B. finished C. delivered D. received
32. A. described B. assessed C. targeted D. added
33. A. angel B. expert C. hero D. doctor
34. A. perceive B. advocate C. defend D. carry
35. A. skill B. gift C. clue D. sign
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下而材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
A new branch of the Palace Museum is expected to rise on Beijing outskirts over the next few years to better showcase the ____36____ (museum) cultural relics.
After nearly a decade of preparation, construction of the new branch began last December. ____37____ (locate) in Xiyehe, a village in Haidian District, the new branch will cover more than 100,000 square meters, including ____38____ exhibition space of over 60,000 square meters for cultural relics and more than 35,000 square meters for relic ____39____ (restore).
At present, over 1.86 million cultural relics ____40____ (house) in the museum. However, only about 10,000 pieces are able to be displayed every year due to limited exhibition spaces ____41____ outdated offices.
Du Haijiang, deputy director of the Palace Museum, briefed the public on the project in an interview with CCTV on January 26th, ____42____ (explain) that calligraphy works and paintings couldn’t be put on display during rainy seasons, in winter or summer, because of strict temperature and humidity requirements. Some silk and cotton artworks ____43____ (current) cannot be exhibited at all for lack of the necessary environment.
On completion of the new branch, it will be possible ____44____ (display) between 20,000 and 30,000 individual relics each year. The new venue will be a modern exhibition space _____45_____ multiple functions to provide relic preservation, repair work, and visitor services.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 假定你是学生会主席李华，你校将举办一场“传统文化、薪火相传——用英语讲述中国节日”的演讲比赛，请你写一篇演讲稿介绍端午节及该节日里的主要活动，内容包括：
1. 节日日期及起源；2. 节日庆祝活动；3. 庆祝端午节的意义
注意：1. 词数80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节使行文流畅。
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第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
As a young boy, I was innocent. Every vacation I looked forward to two things-seeing my grandpa and hearing his wonderful stories. My grandpa was a very good storyteller. He had worked various jobs when he was young and wove ( 编 织)his adventures and misadventures into fantastic tales. These wonderful tales colored my childhood.
As I grew up, I had to admit that Grandpa's stories went on a little long, even a little boring and gradually lost their magic. However, not wanting to upset him, my brother and I would sometimes take turns sitting in the living room, listening to grandpa tell his stories.
When my grandpa was approaching 91, he suffered from serious memory-loss.It was kind of what doctors called dementia (痴呆),probably the earliest stage of Alzheimer's disease. Following the doctor's directions, we moved him into a Sunrise Assisted Living Community, where he could get a better care. After that,grandpa hardly came to our house.
One weekend before my grandpa's birthday, I came to visit him. Seeing grandpa sitting in his armchair, dull-looking, I was filled with mixed feelings. I wheeled grandpa to the sunshine in the courtyard, talking to him. He couldn't express himself clearly and spoke in short bursts, but I listened to him patiently and carefully just as I used to be a little boy.
It was then that I noticed a shadow box with some old and yellowish photos in it. I picked one up, in which my brother, several boys in our neighborhood, and I were playing basketball, wearing basketball jerseys (球衣), with grandpa cheering us on ten years before.
注意：
1.词数150左右：
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
My mind flashed back to those beautiful memories.
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A bright idea for grandpa's birthday came to my mind.
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