江苏省常州高级中学
2023～2024学年第二学期高二年级期中质量检查
英语试卷
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
YOUR IMPACT BEGINS TODAY Together we can change the world.
Help us solve our world’s most pressing challenges With your support, we’re driving new knowledge, working to reduce our human footprint on the planet, and inspiring a new generation of changemakers to value the natural world and help create a brighter future. 100% of all donations go directly to our Explorers and programs. We’ve built a sustainable, innovative business model that allows us to invest every dollar you donate directly to our Explorers and programs. When you support the National Geographic Society, not only are you supporting your passion for the planet, but you also help protect its wonder. You ensure our mission lives on so we can continue exploring the planet, saving wildlife, protecting our ocean, empowering the world’s most innovative scientists to help solve the planet’s mysteries and challenges, and preserving our ancient heritage for future generations. Your generous contribution will immediately go to work supporting the things you care passionately about — not operating costs.
SUPPORT OUR WORK Tax-free gifts National Geographic Society is a tax-free organization, and we rely on the generosity of donors like you to support our Explorers’ work in science, exploration, education, and storytelling.
Single and monthly donations Make a gift today to help explore and protect our planet. By giving monthly, your reliable support allows us to respond to the most pressing programmatic needs. Employer Matching Gifts Many companies have a matching gift program for employees. You give an amount and your company donates the same. Double your impact by exploring your employer’s matching gift programs. Honor/Memorial Giving Honor a friend or loved one’s passion for science, exploration, education, and storytelling by making an unusual gift in their name.
21. What’s the purpose of the above webpage
A. To guide people to invest in a sustainable business.
B. To attract donations to National Geographic Society.
C. To appeal to people to preserve ancient heritage sites.
D. To publicize the mission of National Geographic Society.
22. To make your contribution twice as much, what can you do
A. Make it a gift in the name of your friend.
B. Support the most pressing employer.
C. Reduce the tax attached to the donation.
D. Try your company’s matching gift programs.
23. What can be learned about National Geographic Society
A. It needs no operating costs. B. Its mission hasn’t been recognized.
C. It is dedicated to protecting nature. D. Its employees needn’t pay income tax.
B
The Giza Pyramids are relics of Egypt’s Old Kingdom era and were constructed 4,500 years ago. Pharaoh (法老) Khufu was the first Egyptian king to build a pyramid in Giza, a project he began around 2550 BC. His Great Pyramid is the largest in Giza and originally towered 481 feet above the plateau. Its estimated 2.3 million stone blocks each weigh an average of 2.5 — 15 tons.
Khufu’s son, Khafre, built the second pyramid at Giza around 2520 BC. His burial ground stands out because it also includes the Sphinx, a limestone monument with the body of a lion and the head of a pharaoh. The third pyramid at Giza is considerably smaller than the first two—less than half their height at about 218 feet. Built by Khafre’s son Menkaure around 2490 BC, the pyramid’s complex includes two separate temples and three individual queens’ pyramids.
According to scientists, the builders were skilled Egyptian workers who lived in a nearby temporary city. Boatmen used the Nile and a network of artificial waterways to bring materials to the Giza Plateau, including copper cutting tools from the Sinai Peninsula and timber (木材) from Lebanon. To sustain the workers, they also delivered cattle from farms near the Nile munities across Egypt probably contributed workers, as well as food and other essentials.
It’s generally believed that the Egyptians moved massive stone blocks to the heights along large ramps (坡道) using a system of ropes, rollers, and levers. Some suggest exterior ramps around each pyramid were applied, while a more controversial theory suggests internal ramps were used. Perhaps future imaging technology will reveal how Egyptian builders created these timeless monuments.
As the pyramids helped to build ancient Egypt, they also preserved it. “Many people think of the site as just a tomb in the modern sense, but it’s a lot more than that,” says Harvard University Egyptologist Peter Der Manuelian. “Almost any subject you want to study about the Pharaonic civilization is available on the tomb walls at Giza—so it’s not just about how the ancient Egyptians died but how they lived.”
24. What do the first two paragraphs mainly talk about
A. The history of the Giza Pyramids. B. The height of the Giza Pyramids.
C. The significance of the Giza Pyramids. D. The preservation of the Giza Pyramids.
25. What can be inferred about the construction of the pyramids from Paragraph 3
A. It resulted in social conflicts. B. It was intended to remain safe.
C. It involved multiple efforts. D. It did damage to local people.
26. What is still under debate about the Giza Pyramids
A. How they were interconnected. B. How they worked in the past.
C. How they were constructed. D. How they were restored.
27. What might be Manuelian’s opinion about the pyramids in Giza
A. They are a key symbol of ancient civilization. B. They allow us to explore a disappeared world.
C. They have played a role in protecting Egypt. D. They help push forward imaging technology.
C
Most teachers assign novels for students to read not write. But many teachers nationwide are not only asking students to read novels but also giving them a month to write them. Yes, you read that right: one month.
However, students participating in November’s National Novel Writing Month (NaNoWriMo) do not complain about being overworked. Instead, they have been known to ask, “Can we work on our novels today ” That’s because, above all, NaNoWriMo is meant to be fun. An exercise in “seat-of-your-pants” novel writing, it has almost no rules.
The Office of Letters and Light is the nonprofit behind the event. It believes this carefree approach encourages writers to take imaginative risks and truly enjoy their work. Founded in 1999, the adult version of the event requires only that you commit yourself to making an attempt at novel writing and submitting a novel of 50,000 words, no matter how good or bad they are, by the end of November.
Since 2005, NaNoWriMo has entered many classrooms, including those of National Writing Project teachers, through its Young Writers Program. In addition, teachers receive a classroom kit featuring a progress chart, stickers to mark word counts, and buttons for writers who cross the finish line.
About 1,800 classrooms and 45,000 kids and teens participated last year. The rules for under-18 writers are the same as those for adults. But there is one important exception: young writers can pick their own “reasonable yet challenging” word length. If a student elects to write, say, 18,000 words and achieves this goal in a month, he or she is a winner. Awards include a “handsome winner’s certificate” and a promotional code to receive a free bound proof copy of the finished novel.
The Young Writers Program also facilitates Script Frenzy, a similar scriptwriting (剧本写作) event that happens each April and challenges participants to write a 100-page script in 30 days.
While young writers work primarily as individuals, teachers are also encouraged to write along with them.
28. How do students usually feel after participating in NaNo WriMo
A. Courageous. B. Distracted. C. Pleased. D. Overwhelmed.
29. What is “seat-of-your-pants” novel writing mentioned in Paragraph 2
A. The participants have to stick on their seats for long writing novels.
B. The novel writing activity gives its participants pants as awards.
C. The novel writing activity needs new rules for participants to follow.
D. The participants are free to write whatever novels they can imagine.
30. What can be learned about the rules for adolescent writers
A. They should submit novels on their teachers’ recommendation.
B. They can decide on their novels’ word counts themselves.
C. They can lengthen the duration of their writing process.
D. They should cross the finish line before participating.
31. What is this passage mainly aimed at
A. Explaining the objectives of an event.
B. Illustrating the benefits of novel writing.
C. Giving a general introduction to an event.
D. Attracting teachers to join a writing program.
D
“Assume you are wrong.” The advice came from Brian Nosek, a psychology professor, who was offering a strategy for pursuing better science.
To understand the context for Nosek’s advice, we need to take a step back to the nature of science itself. You see despite what many of us learned in elementary school, there is no single scientific method. Just as scientific theories become complex and change, so do scientific methods.
But methodological reform hasn’t come without some worries and friction. Unpleasant things have been said by and about methodological reformers. Few people like having the value of their life’s work called into question. On the other side, few people are good at voicing criticisms in kind and constructive ways. So, part of the challenge is figuring out how to bake critical self-reflection into the culture of science itself, so it unfolds as a welcome and integrated part of the process, and not an embarrassing sideshow (附带事件).
What Nosek recommended was a strategy for changing the way we offer and respond to critique. Assuming you are right might be a motivating force, sustaining the enormous effort that conducting scientific work requires. But it also makes it easy to interpret criticisms as personal attacks. Beginning, instead, from the assumption you are wrong, a criticism is easier to interpret as a constructive suggestion for how to be less wrong—a goal that your critic probably shares.
One worry about this approach is that it could be demoralizing for scientists. Striving to be less wrong might be a less effective motivation than the promise of being right. Another concern is that a strategy that works well within science could backfire (适得其反) when it comes to communicating science with the public. Without an appreciation for how science works, it’s easy to take uncertainty or disagreements as marks against science, when in fact they reflect some of the very features of science that make it our best approach to reaching reliable conclusions about the world. Science is reliable because it responds to evidence: as the quantity and quality of our evidence improves, our theories can and should change, too.
Despite these worries, I like Nosek’s suggestion because it builds in cognitive (认知的) modesty along with a sense that we can do better. It also builds in a sense of community—we’re all in the same boat when it comes to falling short of getting things right.
Unfortunately, this still leaves us with an untested hypothesis (假说): that assuming one is wrong can change community norms for the better, and ultimately support better science and even, perhaps, better decisions in life. I don’t know if that’s true. In fact, I should probably assume that it’s wrong. But with the benefit of the scientific community and our best methodological tools, I hope we can get it less wrong, together.
32. What can we learn from Paragraph 3
A. People hold wrong assumptions about the culture of science.
B. The scientific community should practice critical self-reflection.
C Scientists are unwilling to express kind criticisms.
D. Reformers tend to devalue researchers’ work.
33. What may the strategy of “assuming you are wrong” contribute to
A. The enormous efforts of scientists at work.
B. The public’s passion for scientific findings.
C. The improvement in the quality of evidence.
D. The reliability of potential research results.
34. What does the underlined word “demoralizing” in Paragraph 5 mean
A. misleading B. ineffective C. discouraging D. unfair
35. What’s the tone the author uses in talking about the untested hypothesis
A. reflective and persuasive B. uncertain but sincere
C. authoritative and direct D. disapproving but soft
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余项。
Students’ Journey to Empower Rural Heritage
From Aug 18 to 22 a team of 15 Tsinghua University students, representing diverse backgrounds from China, South Korea, Malaysia, and Indonesia, set foot on an overseas research exploration focusing on rural revitalization (振兴) in Indonesian villages, particularly within Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB).
With the diverse cultural heritage, Indonesia is home to over 83,000 villages, each radiating its own charm and character. ____36____
The research mission took the students to Sukarara and Sade villages, two of NTB’s tourist destinations. ____37____. Sukarara and Sade are a world apart from the busy cities to which most of the students are accustomed, but the villages are a living test to Indonesia’s rich culture and its devotion to preserving traditions. Revitalizing these villages goes beyond mere economic development. ____38____. The weaving skills and architectural techniques of Sukarara and Sade villages are not only beautiful, but they are also an inseparable part to the identity of these communities. It’s essential that they strike a balance between progress and preservation.
____39____. They carried with them not only the memories of their experiences there, but also the responsibility to make a positive impact on these remarkable places. ____40____. They were optimistic that Indonesian villages could experience meaningful development, ultimately leading to increased opportunities for employment and an improved quality of life.
A. In Sukarara, a local tradition requires girls master weaving skills before marriage
B. They decided to be a bridge between tradition and progress, united for their growth
C. Both were selected for revitalization efforts led by the Village Revitalization Team
D. While these villages possess undeniable fascination, many remain underdeveloped
E. It’s about preserving the cultural heritage and ensuring traditions being passed down
F. As the journey came to an end, all the students regarded it as a rewarding experience
G. This effort includes the knowledge exchange between the students and local villagers
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I recently attended a wedding in Canada, in the countryside. When the taxi driver sent me back at midnight, I was ____41____ worried all the way home about tipping him since I was not rich. I searched nervously in my purse and ____42____ that all I had was a $100 note, which I was keeping for a(n) ____43____, and two chocolates from the wedding. But I had to tip him, so I was ____44____ between a rock and a hard place. I handed in the note at last, controlling the urge to ask for ____45____.
Tipping has long been a source of ____46____ interactions throughout the world. Tipping customs ____47____ wildly from country to country, which generates no small amount of ____48____. Norwegians, who come from a culture where salaries are high and tips are low, could ____49____ people in Las Vegas with their tiny offerings. _____50_____, high-tipping Americans might anger people in Tokyo because good service in Japan is a _____51_____ of honour.
Such an embarrassing mess often occurs _____52_____ there’s no standard to any of this. None! A 2016 study from Cornell University _____53_____ that people are twice as likely to tip a supermarket delivery person than a supermarket store worker. Why is that Nobody can work out the reasons for this _____54_____.
Perhaps, tipping one and not the other only _____55_____ in terms of what has become customary.
41. A. superbly B. secretly C. curiously D. primitively
42. A. selected B. blessed C. realized D. suspected
43. A. tip B. pursuit C. award D. emergency
44. A. stuck B. submitted C. buried D. banned
45. A. charge B. permission C. change D. privilege
46. A. common B. enjoyable C. civil D. embarrassing
47. A. vary B. spread C. work D. grow
48. A. panic B. confusion C. bond D. mercy
49. A. ignore B. embrace C. rejoice D. annoy
50. A. Therefore B. Furthermore C. Likewise D. Otherwise
51. A. bonus B. choice C. matter D. trick
52. A. even if B. unless C. so that D. because
53. A. quoted B. resigned C. suggested D. forecast
54. A. assumption B. difference C. principle D. guidance
55. A. makes sense B. takes shape C. weighs on D. pays off
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.
Archaeologists have made a stunning discovery of more than 80 stone carvings and building units, dating back about 1,300 years, at the Leigutai caves of the Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang, Henan province. The Longmen Grottoes Research Institute, ____56____ oversees the UNESCO World Heritage Site, made the announcement as the Leigutai caves reopened to the public on Wednesday after renovation.
The relics, unearthed during renovation inside the west wall of the south cave of Leigutai, are believed to have been used as materials ____57____ (strengthen) the wall during restoration work after an earthquake struck the area in the 16th century.
“This is the first time archaeologists ____58____ (find) statues inside a wall at the Longmen Grottoes,” Lu Wei, director of the history and humanities research center of the institute, told China Daily. A well-preserved stone Buddha head, 38 centimeters in height and 22 centimeters in ____59____ (wide), is among the stunning finds. “Judging ____60____ the overall appearance, it has a distinctive artistic style ____61____ (associate) with the zenith of the Tang Dynasty,” he said.
Lu said the relics inside the wall ____62____ (be) probably part of cave debris after the quake. “The discovery has shed light on Buddhist statue art during the Tang Dynasty, the development of the Leigutai area, ancient socioeconomic development ____63____ religious practices,” he said.
Luoyang was the national capital during Empress Wu’s reign. Many members of the royal family and aristocracy then held the belief ____64____ building caves would bring them good fortune, thus gradually forming the large-scale Longmen Grottoes. During the Northern Song period (960-1127), Emperor Zhenzong (968-1022) paid a visit to the grottoes and ordered a major renovation at the site, repairing more than 15,000 statues.
In November 2000, the Longmen Grottoes were included on the UNESCO World Heritage list, _____65_____ first such honor for an archaeological site in Henan.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
66. 假定你是李华，一个月前你给校英文报新开设的专栏“Heritage in Danger”投稿，但尚未收到校报编辑的回复。请你写一封邮件问询，内容包括：
1. 简述稿件内容；
2. 询问稿件情况。
注意：1. 词数80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Editor,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“Bang. . !” Sara pushed the door open. She threw her school bag onto the floor and called out, “I’m home!” No answer. The house was silent. It sounded empty, but she knew it wasn’t. Her mum and dad were working upstairs.
Sara got a glass of orange juice, went into the conservatory (玻璃房) and sat down in her favourite chair. The garden was still in the dark afternoon. On one side, her mum’s garden was neat and tidy with boring short grass, boring straight flowerbeds and boring straight paths. But on the other side, Sara’s Nature Garden looked wild and exciting with big dead sunflowers and tall grasses.
“Nobody is interested in me. Mum and dad only think about their work,” she thought sadly.
Then she recalled: One month earlier, she learned in a magazine that many dogs were abandoned because their owners got bored with them; One hour earlier, she saw a cute dog wagging its tail and licking her friend’s face.
Sara knew today was special. Today things were changing. She couldn’t wait any longer. It’s time to talk to her parents.
So Sara got up from her chair and climbed all the way to the loft (阁楼). “Mum, I want a talk.” said Sara. “Just a minute!” Her mum clicked on the keyboard, took off her glasses and turned to her daughter. Sara coughed, took a deep breath, and told her mum that she wanted a dog. “No, Sara. That’s impossible,” her mum said firmly. Sara went to her father but got the same answer. She rushed into her room angrily and slammed the door shut.
Later, Sara’s mum knocked at the door and went in. “Darling, we know this is important to you. You can have a dog if you take the responsibility. But look at your Nature Garden, your school bag, your bedroom! What a mess! Do you think you can take good care of a dog ” said her mum.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Sara was lost in thought and decided to make some changes.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
With the dog’s company Sara began her busy but joyful life.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________江苏省常州高级中学
2023～2024学年第二学期高二年级期中质量检查
英语试卷
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
YOUR IMPACT BEGINS TODAY Together we can change the world.
Help us solve our world’s most pressing challenges With your support, we’re driving new knowledge, working to reduce our human footprint on the planet, and inspiring a new generation of changemakers to value the natural world and help create a brighter future. 100% of all donations go directly to our Explorers and programs. We’ve built a sustainable, innovative business model that allows us to invest every dollar you donate directly to our Explorers and programs. When you support the National Geographic Society, not only are you supporting your passion for the planet, but you also help protect its wonder. You ensure our mission lives on so we can continue exploring the planet, saving wildlife, protecting our ocean, empowering the world’s most innovative scientists to help solve the planet’s mysteries and challenges, and preserving our ancient heritage for future generations. Your generous contribution will immediately go to work supporting the things you care passionately about — not operating costs.
SUPPORT OUR WORK Tax-free gifts National Geographic Society is a tax-free organization, and we rely on the generosity of donors like you to support our Explorers’ work in science, exploration, education, and storytelling.
Single and monthly donations Make a gift today to help explore and protect our planet. By giving monthly, your reliable support allows us to respond to the most pressing programmatic needs. Employer Matching Gifts Many companies have a matching gift program for employees. You give an amount and your company donates the same. Double your impact by exploring your employer’s matching gift programs. Honor/Memorial Giving Honor a friend or loved one’s passion for science, exploration, education, and storytelling by making an unusual gift in their name.
21. What’s the purpose of the above webpage
A. To guide people to invest in a sustainable business.
B. To attract donations to National Geographic Society.
C. To appeal to people to preserve ancient heritage sites.
D. To publicize the mission of National Geographic Society.
22. To make your contribution twice as much, what can you do
A. Make it a gift in the name of your friend.
B. Support the most pressing employer.
C. Reduce the tax attached to the donation.
D. Try your company’s matching gift programs.
23. What can be learned about National Geographic Society
A. It needs no operating costs. B. Its mission hasn’t been recognized.
C. It is dedicated to protecting nature. D. Its employees needn’t pay income tax.
【答案】21. B 22. D 23. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章是一则关于为国家地理学会捐款的告示，介绍了这个组织的目的以及捐款的好处。
【21题详解】
推理判断题。根据表格第二行右侧“We’ve built a sustainable, innovative business model that allows us to invest every dollar you donate directly to our Explorers and programs.(我们已经建立了一个可持续的、创新的商业模式，使我们能够将您捐赠的每一美元直接投资于我们的探索者和项目)”以及“Your generous contribution will immediately go to work supporting the things you care passionately about — not operating costs.(您的慷慨捐助将立即用于支持您热衷的事情，而不是运营成本)”可知，上述网页介绍了国家地理学会的模式、目的以及捐款用途和好处，旨在为其吸引捐款。故选B。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据表格最后一行中间“You give an amount and your company donates the same. Double your impact by exploring your employer’s matching gift programs.(你捐出一笔钱，你的公司也会捐出同样的钱。通过探索雇主的配套礼品计划，使您的影响力翻倍)”可知，探索雇主的配套礼品计划可以使影响力翻倍，所以要使你的捐款是原来的两倍，你可以尝试公司的配套礼品计划。故选D。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据表格第二行右侧第二段“When you support the National Geographic Society, not only are you supporting your passion for the planet, but you also help protect its wonder. You ensure our mission lives on so we can continue exploring the planet, saving wildlife, protecting our ocean, empowering the world’s most innovative scientists to help solve the planet’s mysteries and challenges, and preserving our ancient heritage for future generations.(当你支持国家地理学会时，你不仅支持你对地球的热情，而且还帮助保护了它的奇迹。你确保我们的使命得以延续，使我们能够继续探索地球，拯救野生动物，保护海洋，赋能世界上最具创新精神的科学家来帮助解决地球的奥秘和挑战，并为后代保存我们的古老遗产)”可知，国家地理学会的目的是保护地球及其野生动物等，保存古老遗产，即该组织致力于保护自然。故选C。
B
The Giza Pyramids are relics of Egypt’s Old Kingdom era and were constructed 4,500 years ago. Pharaoh (法老) Khufu was the first Egyptian king to build a pyramid in Giza, a project he began around 2550 BC. His Great Pyramid is the largest in Giza and originally towered 481 feet above the plateau. Its estimated 2.3 million stone blocks each weigh an average of 2.5 — 15 tons.
Khufu’s son, Khafre, built the second pyramid at Giza around 2520 BC. His burial ground stands out because it also includes the Sphinx, a limestone monument with the body of a lion and the head of a pharaoh. The third pyramid at Giza is considerably smaller than the first two—less than half their height at about 218 feet. Built by Khafre’s son Menkaure around 2490 BC, the pyramid’s complex includes two separate temples and three individual queens’ pyramids.
According to scientists, the builders were skilled Egyptian workers who lived in a nearby temporary city. Boatmen used the Nile and a network of artificial waterways to bring materials to the Giza Plateau, including copper cutting tools from the Sinai Peninsula and timber (木材) from Lebanon. To sustain the workers, they also delivered cattle from farms near the Nile munities across Egypt probably contributed workers, as well as food and other essentials.
It’s generally believed that the Egyptians moved massive stone blocks to the heights along large ramps (坡道), using a system of ropes, rollers, and levers. Some suggest exterior ramps around each pyramid were applied, while a more controversial theory suggests internal ramps were used. Perhaps future imaging technology will reveal how Egyptian builders created these timeless monuments.
As the pyramids helped to build ancient Egypt, they also preserved it. “Many people think of the site as just a tomb in the modern sense, but it’s a lot more than that,” says Harvard University Egyptologist Peter Der Manuelian. “Almost any subject you want to study about the Pharaonic civilization is available on the tomb walls at Giza—so it’s not just about how the ancient Egyptians died but how they lived.”
24. What do the first two paragraphs mainly talk about
A. The history of the Giza Pyramids. B. The height of the Giza Pyramids.
C. The significance of the Giza Pyramids. D. The preservation of the Giza Pyramids.
25. What can be inferred about the construction of the pyramids from Paragraph 3
A. It resulted in social conflicts. B. It was intended to remain safe.
C. It involved multiple efforts. D. It did damage to local people.
26. What is still under debate about the Giza Pyramids
A. How they were interconnected. B. How they worked in the past.
C. How they were constructed. D. How they were restored.
27. What might be Manuelian’s opinion about the pyramids in Giza
A. They are a key symbol of ancient civilization. B. They allow us to explore a disappeared world.
C. They have played a role in protecting Egypt. D. They help push forward imaging technology.
【答案】24. A 25. C 26. C 27. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了金字塔修建的历史、过程以及人们对于建造过程的不同看法。
【24题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“The Giza Pyramids are relics of Egypt’s Old Kingdom era and were constructed 4,500 years ago. Pharaoh (法老) Khufu was the first Egyptian king to build a pyramid in Giza, a project he began around 2550 BC. His Great Pyramid is the largest in Giza and originally towered 481 feet above the plateau. Its estimated 2.3 million stone blocks each weigh an average of 2.5 — 15 tons.(吉萨金字塔是埃及古王国时代的遗迹，建于4500年前。法老胡夫是第一个在吉萨建造金字塔的埃及国王，他大约在公元前2550年开始这项工程。他的大金字塔是吉萨最大的金字塔，最初高出高原481英尺。据估计，它有230万块石块，每块平均重2.5至15吨)”以及第二段“Khufu’s son, Khafre, built the second pyramid at Giza around 2520 BC. His burial ground stands out because it also includes the Sphinx, a limestone monument with the body of a lion and the head of a pharaoh. The third pyramid at Giza is considerably smaller than the first two—less than half their height at about 218 feet. Built by Khafre’s son Menkaure around 2490 BC, the pyramid’s complex includes two separate temples and three individual queens’ pyramids.(胡夫的儿子哈夫拉于公元前2520年左右在吉萨建造了第二座金字塔。他的墓地引人注目，因为它还包括狮身人面像，一个石灰岩纪念碑，狮子的身体和法老的头。吉萨的第三座金字塔比前两座要小得多，只有218英尺高，不到前两座的一半。金字塔群由哈夫拉的儿子门卡拉于公元前2490年建造，包括两座独立的神庙和三座独立的女王金字塔)”可知，前两段主要讲了吉萨金字塔的历史。故选A。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Boatmen used the Nile and a network of artificial waterways to bring materials to the Giza Plateau, including copper cutting tools from the Sinai Peninsula and timber (木材) from Lebanon. To sustain the workers, they also delivered cattle from farms near the Nile munities across Egypt probably contributed workers, as well as food and other essentials.(船夫们利用尼罗河和人工水道网络将材料运送到吉萨高原，包括西奈半岛的铜切割工具和黎巴嫩的木材。为了维持工人的生计，他们还从尼罗河三角洲附近的农场运来牛。埃及各地的社区可能提供了工人、食物和其他必需品)”可知，金字塔的建造过程涉及多方努力。故选C。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Some suggest exterior ramps around each pyramid were applied, while a more controversial theory suggests internal ramps were used.(一些人认为每个金字塔周围都有外部坡道，而一个更有争议理论认为使用了内部坡道)”可知，关于吉萨金字塔是如何构造的还有争论。故选C。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段““Many people think of the site as just a tomb in the modern sense, but it’s a lot more than that,” says Harvard University Egyptologist Peter Der Manuelian. “Almost any subject you want to study about the Pharaonic civilization is available on the tomb walls at Giza—so it’s not just about how the ancient Egyptians died but how they lived.”(“许多人认为这个遗址只是现代意义上的坟墓，但它远不止于此，”哈佛大学埃及古物学家彼得·德·马努埃利安说。“几乎所有你想研究的关于法老文明的主题都可以在吉萨的墓墙上找到——所以这不仅仅是关于古埃及人是如何死亡的，还有他们是如何生活的。”)”可知，马努埃利安认为吉萨金字塔让我们探索一个消失的世界。故选B。
C
Most teachers assign novels for students to read not write. But many teachers nationwide are not only asking students to read novels but also giving them a month to write them. Yes, you read that right: one month.
However, students participating in November’s National Novel Writing Month (NaNoWriMo) do not complain about being overworked. Instead, they have been known to ask, “Can we work on our novels today ” That’s because, above all, NaNoWriMo is meant to be fun. An exercise in “seat-of-your-pants” novel writing, it has almost no rules.
The Office of Letters and Light is the nonprofit behind the event. It believes this carefree approach encourages writers to take imaginative risks and truly enjoy their work. Founded in 1999, the adult version of the event requires only that you commit yourself to making an attempt at novel writing and submitting a novel of 50,000 words, no matter how good or bad they are, by the end of November.
Since 2005, NaNoWriMo has entered many classrooms, including those of National Writing Project teachers, through its Young Writers Program. In addition, teachers receive a classroom kit featuring a progress chart, stickers to mark word counts, and buttons for writers who cross the finish line.
About 1,800 classrooms and 45,000 kids and teens participated last year. The rules for under-18 writers are the same as those for adults. But there is one important exception: young writers can pick their own “reasonable yet challenging” word length. If a student elects to write, say, 18,000 words and achieves this goal in a month, he or she is a winner. Awards include a “handsome winner’s certificate” and a promotional code to receive a free bound proof copy of the finished novel.
The Young Writers Program also facilitates Script Frenzy, a similar scriptwriting (剧本写作) event that happens each April and challenges participants to write a 100-page script in 30 days.
While young writers work primarily as individuals, teachers are also encouraged to write along with them.
28. How do students usually feel after participating in NaNo WriMo
A. Courageous. B. Distracted. C. Pleased. D. Overwhelmed.
29. What is “seat-of-your-pants” novel writing mentioned in Paragraph 2
A. The participants have to stick on their seats for long writing novels.
B. The novel writing activity gives its participants pants as awards.
C. The novel writing activity needs new rules for participants to follow.
D. The participants are free to write whatever novels they can imagine.
30. What can be learned about the rules for adolescent writers
A. They should submit novels on their teachers’ recommendation.
B. They can decide on their novels’ word counts themselves.
C. They can lengthen the duration of their writing process.
D. They should cross the finish line before participating.
31. What is this passage mainly aimed at
A. Explaining the objectives of an event.
B. Illustrating the benefits of novel writing.
C. Giving a general introduction to an event.
D. Attracting teachers to join a writing program.
【答案】28. C 29. D 30. B 31. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了全国小说写作用活动的相关情况，该活动鼓励学生尽情发挥想象力，享受写作的乐趣，充分发挥学生的写作自由。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“That’s because, above all, NaNoWriMo is meant to be fun.(首先这是因为，NaNoWriMo旨在为学生带来快乐。)”可知，学生在参加NaNoWriMo后通常会感到开心，故选C项。
【29题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段“An exercise in “seat-of-your-pants” novel writing, it has almost no rules.(作为……练习，它几乎没有任何规则。)”可知，该小说写作练习没有规则限制学生，“seat-of-your-pants” novel writing指的是参与者可以自由地写任何他们能想到的小说，故选D项。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中“The rules for under-18 writers are the same as those for adults. But there is one important exception: young writers can pick their own “reasonable yet challenging” word length.(18岁以下作家的规则与成人作家的规则相同。但有一个重要的例外：年轻作家可以选择自己“合理但具有挑战性”的字长。)”可知，青少年作者可以自己决定所写的小说的字数，故选B项。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Most teachers assign novels for students to read not write. But many teachers nationwide are not only asking students to read novels but also giving them a month to write them. Yes, you read that right: one month.(大多数老师布置小说让学生阅读，而不是写作。但全国许多老师不仅要求学生读小说，还给他们一个月的时间写小说。是的，你没看错：一个月。)”及第二段“However, students participating in November’s National Novel Writing Month (NaNoWriMo) do not complain about being overworked. Instead, they have been known to ask, “Can we work on our novels today ” That’s because, above all, NaNoWriMo is meant to be fun. An exercise in “seat-of-your-pants” novel writing, it has almost no rules.(然而，参加11月全国小说写作月的学生们并没有抱怨过度劳累。相反，他们会问：“我们今天能写小说吗？”首先，这是因为NaNoWriMo旨在为学生带来快乐。它是一种“凭感觉”进行的小说写作练习，几乎没有任何规则。)”可知，文章主要讲述了全国小说写作月活动的相关情况，该活动鼓励学生尽情发挥想象力，享受写作的乐趣，充分发挥学生的写作自由，即这篇文章主要是对一场活动做一般性的介绍。故选C项。
D
“Assume you are wrong.” The advice came from Brian Nosek, a psychology professor, who was offering a strategy for pursuing better science.
To understand the context for Nosek’s advice, we need to take a step back to the nature of science itself. You see despite what many of us learned in elementary school, there is no single scientific method. Just as scientific theories become complex and change, so do scientific methods.
But methodological reform hasn’t come without some worries and friction. Unpleasant things have been said by and about methodological reformers. Few people like having the value of their life’s work called into question. On the other side, few people are good at voicing criticisms in kind and constructive ways. So, part of the challenge is figuring out how to bake critical self-reflection into the culture of science itself, so it unfolds as a welcome and integrated part of the process, and not an embarrassing sideshow (附带事件).
What Nosek recommended was a strategy for changing the way we offer and respond to critique. Assuming you are right might be a motivating force, sustaining the enormous effort that conducting scientific work requires. But it also makes it easy to interpret criticisms as personal attacks. Beginning, instead, from the assumption you are wrong, a criticism is easier to interpret as a constructive suggestion for how to be less wrong—a goal that your critic probably shares.
One worry about this approach is that it could be demoralizing for scientists. Striving to be less wrong might be a less effective motivation than the promise of being right. Another concern is that a strategy that works well within science could backfire (适得其反) when it comes to communicating science with the public. Without an appreciation for how science works, it’s easy to take uncertainty or disagreements as marks against science, when in fact they reflect some of the very features of science that make it our best approach to reaching reliable conclusions about the world. Science is reliable because it responds to evidence: as the quantity and quality of our evidence improves, our theories can and should change, too.
Despite these worries, I like Nosek’s suggestion because it builds in cognitive (认知的) modesty along with a sense that we can do better. It also builds in a sense of community—we’re all in the same boat when it comes to falling short of getting things right.
Unfortunately, this still leaves us with an untested hypothesis (假说): that assuming one is wrong can change community norms for the better, and ultimately support better science and even, perhaps, better decisions in life. I don’t know if that’s true. In fact, I should probably assume that it’s wrong. But with the benefit of the scientific community and our best methodological tools, I hope we can get it less wrong, together.
32. What can we learn from Paragraph 3
A. People hold wrong assumptions about the culture of science.
B. The scientific community should practice critical self-reflection.
C. Scientists are unwilling to express kind criticisms.
D Reformers tend to devalue researchers’ work.
33. What may the strategy of “assuming you are wrong” contribute to
A. The enormous efforts of scientists at work.
B. The public’s passion for scientific findings.
C. The improvement in the quality of evidence.
D. The reliability of potential research results.
34. What does the underlined word “demoralizing” in Paragraph 5 mean
A. misleading B. ineffective C. discouraging D. unfair
35. What’s the tone the author uses in talking about the untested hypothesis
A. reflective and persuasive B. uncertain but sincere
C. authoritative and direct D. disapproving but soft
【答案】32. B 33. D 34. C 35. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要讲述了心理学教授Brian Nosek提出“假定自己是错的”这一建议用于追求更好的科学，文章论述了背景、面临的挑战及担忧，作者虽对这一假说存疑，但喜欢该建议，希望借助科学社区和方法工具，共同减少错误。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“So, part of the challenge is figuring out how to bake critical self-reflection into the culture of science itself, so it unfolds as a welcome and integrated part of the process, and not an embarrassing sideshow (附带事件). (因此，挑战的一部分是弄清楚如何将批判性的自我反思融入科学文化本身，以便它作为过程中一个受欢迎的和不可或缺的一部分展开，而不是一个令人尴尬的花絮。)”可知，科学社区应该实践批判性自我反思，故选B项。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“What Nosek recommended was a strategy for changing the way we offer and respond to critique. Assuming you are right might be a motivating force, sustaining the enormous effort that conducting scientific work requires. But it also makes it easy to interpret criticisms as personal attacks. Beginning, instead, from the assumption you are wrong, a criticism is easier to interpret as a constructive suggestion for how to be less wrong—a goal that your critic probably shares. (Nosek建议的是一种改变我们提供和回应批评的方式的策略。假设你是对的，这可能是一种动力，可以维持进行科学工作所需的巨大努力。但这也很容易将批评解释为人身攻击。相反，从你错了的假设开始，批评更容易被解释为关于如何减少错误的建设性建议——这是你的批评者可能分享的目标。)”可知，“assuming you are wrong”这种策略有助于潜在研究结果的可靠性，故选D项。
【34题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第五段中“One worry about this approach is that it could be demoralizing for scientists. Striving to be less wrong might be a less effective motivation than the promise of being right. Another concern is that a strategy that works well within science could backfire (适得其反) when it comes to communicating science with the public. Without an appreciation for how science works, it’s easy to take uncertainty or disagreements as marks against science, when in fact they reflect some of the very features of science that make it our best approach to reaching reliable conclusions about the world. (对这种方法的一个担忧是，它可能会让科学家……。努力减少错误可能不如承诺正确有效。另一个担忧是，在与公众交流科学时，在科学领域行之有效的策略可能会适得其反。如果不了解科学的运作方式，就很容易将不确定性或分歧视为反对科学的标志，而事实上，它们反映了科学的一些特征，这些特征使我们成为对世界得出可靠结论的最佳方法。)”可知，在科学领域，追求完全正确往往是一个理想化的目标，因为实现这个目标可能是困难的，甚至是不可能的。相比之下，追求变得“不那么错误”可能更为现实和可行。这种方法鼓励科学家不断学习和改进，接受在研究过程中会犯错的可能性，从而更好地理解和解决问题。虽然这种方法可能会减轻一些压力，但也可能会在一定程度上降低科学家的动机和信心，因为他们可能会觉得自己永远无法达到完美的正确性。因此，“假定自己是错的”这种策略可能会让科学家感到士气低落，故demoralizing的意思为“士气低落”，故选C项。。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Unfortunately, this still leaves us with an untested hypothesis (假说): that assuming one is wrong can change community norms for the better, and ultimately support better science and even, perhaps, better decisions in life. I don’t know if that’s true. In fact, I should probably assume that it’s wrong. But with the benefit of the scientific community and our best methodological tools, I hope we can get it less wrong, together. (不幸的是，这仍然给我们留下了一个未经检验的假设：假设一个人错了，可以使社区规范变得更好，并最终支持更好的科学，甚至可能支持更好的生活决策。我不知道这是不是真的。事实上，我可能应该认为这是错误的。但是，在科学界和我们最好的方法论工具的帮助下，我希望我们能一起减少错误。)”可知，作者一方面承认自己不确定这个假说是否正确，另一方面又对其抱有希望，因此作者对未经检验的假说持怀疑但又真诚的态度。故选B项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余项。
Students’ Journey to Empower Rural Heritage
From Aug 18 to 22 a team of 15 Tsinghua University students, representing diverse backgrounds from China, South Korea, Malaysia, and Indonesia, set foot on an overseas research exploration focusing on rural revitalization (振兴) in Indonesian villages, particularly within Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB).
With the diverse cultural heritage, Indonesia is home to over 83,000 villages, each radiating its own charm and character. ____36____
The research mission took the students to Sukarara and Sade villages, two of NTB’s tourist destinations. ____37____. Sukarara and Sade are a world apart from the busy cities to which most of the students are accustomed, but the villages are a living test to Indonesia’s rich culture and its devotion to preserving traditions. Revitalizing these villages goes beyond mere economic development. ____38____. The weaving skills and architectural techniques of Sukarara and Sade villages are not only beautiful, but they are also an inseparable part to the identity of these communities. It’s essential that they strike a balance between progress and preservation.
____39____. They carried with them not only the memories of their experiences there, but also the responsibility to make a positive impact on these remarkable places. ____40____. They were optimistic that Indonesian villages could experience meaningful development, ultimately leading to increased opportunities for employment and an improved quality of life.
A. In Sukarara, a local tradition requires girls master weaving skills before marriage
B. They decided to be a bridge between tradition and progress, united for their growth
C. Both were selected for revitalization efforts led by the Village Revitalization Team
D. While these villages possess undeniable fascination, many remain underdeveloped
E. It’s about preserving the cultural heritage and ensuring traditions being passed down
F. As the journey came to an end, all the students regarded it as a rewarding experience
G. This effort includes the knowledge exchange between the students and local villagers
【答案】36. D 37. C 38. E 39. F 40. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述来自中国、韩国、马来西亚和印度尼西亚的15名清华大学学生组成的团队在印度尼西亚的村庄开始了一场聚焦乡村振兴的海外研究探索之旅。
【36题详解】
上文“With the diverse cultural heritage, Indonesia is home to over 83,000 villages, each radiating its own charm and character.(印尼拥有丰富多样的文化遗产，拥有83000多个村庄，每个村庄都散发着自己的魅力和特色)”说明在印尼拥有很多有特色的村庄。空处承接上文，D项中的“these villages”和上文中的“over 83,000 villages”相呼应，“fascination”和上文的“ charm”相呼应，说明D项“尽管这些村庄具有不可否认的魅力，但许多村庄仍不发达”符合语境，为上文提到的“乡村振兴的海外研究探索之旅”奠定背景。故选D。
【37题详解】
上文“The research mission took the students to Sukarara and Sade villages, two of NTB’s tourist destinations.(研究团将学生们带到了NTB的两个旅游目的地Sukarara和Sade村)”说明学生们去了Sukarara和Sade村。空处承接上文，C项中的Both指代Sukarara and Sade villages，说明C项“两个村都被选中参加由乡村振兴工作队领导的振兴工作”符合语境。故选C。
【38题详解】
上文“Sukarara and Sade are a world apart from the busy cities to which most of the students are accustomed, but the villages are a living test to Indonesia’s rich culture and its devotion to preserving traditions. Revitalizing these villages goes beyond mere economic development.(Sukarara和Sade与大多数学生习惯的繁忙城市截然不同，但这些村庄是对印尼丰富文化及其对保护传统的虔诚的活生生的考验。振兴这些村庄不仅仅是经济发展)”说明振兴这些村庄不仅仅是经济发展，还需要保护其丰富的文化以及传统。空处承上启下，E项中的It指代上文中“The Revitalizing these villages”， traditions和下文中的“The weaving skills and architectural techniques”相呼应，说明E项“这是关于保护文化遗产和确保传统传承”符合语境。故选E。
【39题详解】
下文“They carried with them not only the memories of their experiences there, but also the responsibility to make a positive impact on these remarkable places.(他们不仅带着对在那里经历的记忆，而且有责任对这些非凡的地方产生积极影响)”说明这次研究探索之旅结束后带来的意义。F项“旅程结束时，所有的学生都认为这是一次有益的经历”符合语境，能够引出下文。故选F。
【40题详解】
上文“They carried with them not only the memories of their experiences there, but also the responsibility to make a positive impact on these remarkable places. (他们不仅带着对在那里经历的记忆，而且有责任对这些非凡的地方产生积极影响)”说明学生们肩负着对这些非凡地方产生积极影响的责任，空处承接上文，B项中的They指代前文中（F项中的）“all the students”，“be a bridge between tradition and progress, united for their growth”和前文中的“responsibility”相呼应，说明B项“他们决定成为传统与进步之间的桥梁，为自己的成长而团结一致”符合语境。故选B。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I recently attended a wedding in Canada, in the countryside. When the taxi driver sent me back at midnight, I was ____41____ worried all the way home about tipping him since I was not rich. I searched nervously in my purse and ____42____ that all I had was a $100 note, which I was keeping for a(n) ____43____, and two chocolates from the wedding. But I had to tip him, so I was ____44____ between a rock and a hard place. I handed in the note at last, controlling the urge to ask for ____45____.
Tipping has long been a source of ____46____ interactions throughout the world. Tipping customs ____47____ wildly from country to country, which generates no small amount of ____48____. Norwegians, who come from a culture where salaries are high and tips are low, could ____49____ people in Las Vegas with their tiny offerings. _____50_____, high-tipping Americans might anger people in Tokyo because good service in Japan is a _____51_____ of honour.
Such an embarrassing mess often occurs _____52_____ there’s no standard to any of this. None! A 2016 study from Cornell University _____53_____ that people are twice as likely to tip a supermarket delivery person than a supermarket store worker. Why is that Nobody can work out the reasons for this _____54_____.
Perhaps, tipping one and not the other only _____55_____ in terms of what has become customary.
41. A. superbly B. secretly C. curiously D. primitively
42. A. selected B. blessed C. realized D. suspected
43. A. tip B. pursuit C. award D. emergency
44. A. stuck B. submitted C. buried D. banned
45. A. charge B. permission C. change D. privilege
46. A. common B. enjoyable C. civil D. embarrassing
47. A. vary B. spread C. work D. grow
48. A. panic B. confusion C. bond D. mercy
49. A. ignore B. embrace C. rejoice D. annoy
50. A. Therefore B. Furthermore C. Likewise D. Otherwise
51. A. bonus B. choice C. matter D. trick
52. A. even if B. unless C. so that D. because
53. A. quoted B. resigned C. suggested D. forecast
54. A. assumption B. difference C. principle D. guidance
55. A. makes sense B. takes shape C. weighs on D. pays off
【答案】41. B 42. C 43. D 44. A 45. C 46. D 47. A 48. B 49. D 50. C 51. C 52. D 53. C 54. B 55. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要介绍了作者在参加婚礼后乘坐出租车时遇到的小费困扰及由此引发的对于全球不同国家的小费习俗的思考。
【41题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：当出租车司机在午夜把我送回时，我一路上都在暗自担心给小费的事，因为我不富裕。A. superbly极好地；B. secretly秘密地；C. curiously好奇地；D. primitively原始地。根据“since I was not rich”以及“searched nervously in my purse”可知，作者是暗自担心小费的事。故选B项。
【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我紧张地在钱包里翻找，意识到我只有一张用以应急的100美元钞票和两块婚礼上的巧克力。A. selected选择；B. blessed祝福；C. realized意识到；D. suspected怀疑。根据“that all I had was a $100 note”和“and two chocolates from the wedding”可知，作者是意识到自己只有这些。故选C项。
【43题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. tip小费；B. pursuit追求；C. award奖赏；D. emergency紧急情况。根据“which I was keeping for”以及“But I had to tip him, so I was ____4____ between a rock and a hard place.”可推测，作者是把这100美元留作应急用的。故选D项。
【44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不得不给他小费，所以我进退两难。A. stuck卡住；B. submitted提交；C. buried埋葬；D. banned禁止。根据“between a rock and a hard place”可知，作者在这种情况下进退两难。故选A项。
【45题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。我最后递给他那张钞票，强忍住不要求找零的冲动。A. charge收费；B. permission许可；C. change零钱；D. privilege特权。根据前文作者左右为难的心境以及“I handed in the note at last”和“controlling the urge to ask”可知，作者给了一张100美元的钞票，强忍住不要求找零。故选C项。
【46题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：小费一直是全世界尴尬互动的来源。A. common常见的；B. enjoyable愉快的；C. civil文明的；D. embarrassing尴尬的。根据后文“high-tipping Americans might anger people in Tokyo”以及“Such an embarrassing mess”可知，小费问题常常带来尴尬的互动。故选D项。
【47题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：小费习俗因国家而异，这会造成不少困惑。A. vary变化；B. spread传播；C. work工作；D. grow增长。根据“wildly from country to country”以及“there’s no standard to any of this”可知，不同国家的小费习俗有所不同。故选A项。
【48题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. panic恐慌；B. confusion困惑；C. bond联系；D. mercy仁慈。根据下文对在拉斯维加斯的挪威人以及在日本的美国人给小费的例子可知，不同国家不同的小费习俗会给人带来困惑。故选B项。
【49题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：来自高工资低小费文化的挪威人，可能会用他们微薄的小费惹恼拉斯维加斯的人。A. ignore忽视；B. embrace拥抱；C. rejoice高兴；D. annoy惹恼。根据“Norwegians, who come from a culture where salaries are high and tips are low”以及下文“high-tipping Americans”可知，微薄的小费会惹恼习惯高小费的美国人。故选D项。
【50题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：同样，高小费的美国人可能会惹恼东京的人，因为在日本，良好的服务是一种荣誉。A. Therefore因此；B. Furthermore此外；C. Likewise同样；D. Otherwise否则。根据前后两个例子的内容可知，二者都是为了说明这种困惑尴尬的情况在各个地方都有发生。故应用“同样”进行衔接。故选C项。
【51题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. bonus奖金；B. choice选择；C. matter事情；D. trick技巧。根据“high-tipping Americans might anger people in Tokyo”以及“good service in Japan is a ____11____ of honour”可知，在日本，良好的服务事关荣誉，无关金钱。故选C项。
【52题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：因为没有统一的标准，常常会出现这种尴尬的情况。A. even if即使；B. unless除非；C. so that以便；D. because因为。根据“Such an embarrassing mess often occurs”以及“there’s no standard to any of this”可知，二者之间存在因果关系，即问题的产生是因为没有统一的小费标准。故选D项。
【53题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：2016年康奈尔大学的一项研究表明，人们给超市送货员小费的可能性是给超市员工的两倍。A. quoted引用；B. resigned辞职；C. suggested表明；D. forecast预测。根据主语“A 2016 study”以及“that people are twice as likely to tip a supermarket delivery person”可知，研究表明了这一情况。故选C项。
【54题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：没人能解释清楚这种差异的原因。A. assumption假设；B. difference差异；C. principle原则；D. guidance指导。根据“people are twice as likely to tip a supermarket delivery person than a supermarket store worker”可知，这是一种差异现象。故选B项。
【55题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：也许，给其中一个人小费而不给另一个人小费只是符合了习惯。A. makes sense有意义；B. takes shape成型；C. weighs on压迫；D. pays off得到回报。根据前文“Nobody can work out the reasons”以及“Perhaps, tipping one and not the other only ____15____ in terms of what has become customary.”可知，这种现象只有从民俗的角度才能解释得通。故选A项。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.
Archaeologists have made a stunning discovery of more than 80 stone carvings and building units, dating back about 1,300 years, at the Leigutai caves of the Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang, Henan province. The Longmen Grottoes Research Institute, ____56____ oversees the UNESCO World Heritage Site, made the announcement as the Leigutai caves reopened to the public on Wednesday after renovation.
The relics, unearthed during renovation inside the west wall of the south cave of Leigutai, are believed to have been used as materials ____57____ (strengthen) the wall during restoration work after an earthquake struck the area in the 16th century.
“This is the first time archaeologists ____58____ (find) statues inside a wall at the Longmen Grottoes,” Lu Wei, director of the history and humanities research center of the institute, told China Daily. A well-preserved stone Buddha head, 38 centimeters in height and 22 centimeters in ____59____ (wide), is among the stunning finds. “Judging ____60____ the overall appearance, it has a distinctive artistic style ____61____ (associate) with the zenith of the Tang Dynasty,” he said.
Lu said the relics inside the wall ____62____ (be) probably part of cave debris after the quake. “The discovery has shed light on Buddhist statue art during the Tang Dynasty, the development of the Leigutai area, ancient socioeconomic development ____63____ religious practices,” he said.
Luoyang was the national capital during Empress Wu’s reign. Many members of the royal family and aristocracy then held the belief ____64____ building caves would bring them good fortune, thus gradually forming the large-scale Longmen Grottoes. During the Northern Song period (960-1127), Emperor Zhenzong (968-1022) paid a visit to the grottoes and ordered a major renovation at the site, repairing more than 15,000 statues.
In November 2000, the Longmen Grottoes were included on the UNESCO World Heritage list, _____65_____ first such honor for an archaeological site in Henan.
【答案】56. which
57. to strengthen
58. have found
59. width 60. from##by
61. associated
62. were 63. and
64. that 65. the
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。讲述了近期在洛阳龙门石窟擂鼓台洞窟的考古发现。
【56题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：负责监督联合国教科文组织世界遗产的龙门石窟研究所宣布了这一消息，因为擂鼓台洞窟在翻新后于周三重新向公众开放。分析可知，本句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为The Longmen Grottoes Research Institute，空处作主语，故填which。
【57题详解】
考查不定式。句意：这些文物是在擂鼓台南洞西墙翻修期间出土的，据信在16世纪该地区发生地震后的修复工作中被用作加固墙壁的材料。空处应为不定式作目的状语，表示“为了加固墙壁”，故填to strengthen。
【58题详解】
考查现在完成时。句意：“这是考古学家第一次在龙门石窟的墙内发现雕像，”该研究所历史与人文研究中心主任卢伟告诉《中国日报》。根据空前This is the first time可知空处应为现在完成时，表示“第一次做某事”，故填have found。
【59题详解】
考查名词。句意：一个保存完好的石佛头，高38厘米，宽22厘米，是令人惊叹的发现之一。根据空前并列成分38 centimeters in height可知空处也为名词，表示“宽度”，in width宽度为……，故填width。
【60题详解】
考查介词。句意：“从整体外观来看，它具有与盛唐时期相关的鲜明艺术风格，”他说。judging from/by为固定短语，表示“根据……来判断”，空处应为介词，故填from/by。
【61题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：“从整体外观来看，它具有与盛唐时期相关的鲜明艺术风格，”他说。associated with为固定短语，表示“与……有关”，故填associated。
【62题详解】
考查系动词。句意：卢说，墙内的遗迹可能是地震后洞穴碎片的一部分。主语the relics inside the wall为复数，句中陈述为过去的事情，空处缺少系动词，故填were。
【63题详解】
考查连词。句意：“这一发现揭示了唐代佛教雕像艺术、擂鼓台地区的发展、古代社会经济发展和宗教习俗，”他说。分析可知，the development of the Leigutai area, ancient socioeconomic development与religious practices为并列成分，空处应为连词and，故填and。
【64题详解】
考查同位语从句。句意：当时，许多皇室成员和贵族都认为建造洞穴会给他们带来好运，因此逐渐形成了大型的龙门石窟。building caves would bring them good fortune具体解释了the belief，为同位语从句，空处在从句中无意义，只起连接作用，故填that。
【65题详解】
考查冠词。句意：2000年11月，龙门石窟被联合国教科文组织列入世界遗产名录，这是河南考古遗址首次获得这一殊荣。根据空后序数词first可知空处应为定冠词the，故填the。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
66. 假定你是李华，一个月前你给校英文报新开设的专栏“Heritage in Danger”投稿，但尚未收到校报编辑的回复。请你写一封邮件问询，内容包括：
1. 简述稿件内容；
2. 询问稿件情况。
注意：1. 词数80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Editor,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Editor,
I am writing to inquire about the status of the article I submitted to the new column “Heritage in Danger” in our school’s English newspaper one month ago.
Titled “Helping the Wooden Pagoda”, my article delves into the urgent situation facing the Wooden Pagoda of Yingxian County, aiming to uncover the factors contributing to its damage and advocate the public to take action to protect and repair the pagoda. In addition, I signed my name and class at the bottom of my article.
Could you kindly update me on the status of my submission I am eager to know if you have received my article or if any revisions are needed. Looking forward to your earliest reply.
Sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给校报编辑写一封邮件问询自己已投的稿件的相关事宜，简述稿件内容，并询问相关情况。
【详解】1.词汇积累
询问：inquire about→question on/ask about
紧急的/严峻的：urgent→pressing/severe
倡议：advocate→call for
此外：in addition→additionally/besides
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Titled “Helping the Wooden Pagoda”, my article delves into the urgent situation facing the Wooden Pagoda of Yingxian County, aiming to uncover the factors contributing to its damage and advocate the public take action to protect and repair the pagoda.
拓展句：Titled “Helping the Wooden Pagoda”, my article delves into the urgent situation facing the Wooden Pagoda of Yingxian County, which aims to uncover the factors contributing to its damage and advocate the public to take action to protect and repair the pagoda.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I am writing to inquire about the status of the article I submitted to the new column “Heritage in Danger” in our school’s English newspaper one month ago.（运用了省略引导词的定语从句“I submitted to the new column ‘Heritage in Danger’ in our school’s English newspaper one month ago”，其先行词为“the article”，在从句中作宾语）
【高分句型2】I am eager to know if you have received my article or if any revisions are needed.（“if you have received my article or if any revisions are needed”为并列从句，均有if引导，作动词“know”的宾语从句）
第二节(满分25分)
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“Bang. . !” Sara pushed the door open. She threw her school bag onto the floor and called out, “I’m home!” No answer. The house was silent. It sounded empty, but she knew it wasn’t. Her mum and dad were working upstairs.
Sara got a glass of orange juice, went into the conservatory (玻璃房) and sat down in her favourite chair. The garden was still in the dark afternoon. On one side, her mum’s garden was neat and tidy with boring short grass, boring straight flowerbeds and boring straight paths. But on the other side, Sara’s Nature Garden looked wild and exciting with big dead sunflowers and tall grasses.
“Nobody is interested in me. Mum and dad only think about their work,” she thought sadly.
Then she recalled: One month earlier, she learned in a magazine that many dogs were abandoned because their owners got bored with them; One hour earlier, she saw a cute dog wagging its tail and licking her friend’s face.
Sara knew today was special. Today things were changing. She couldn’t wait any longer. It’s time to talk to her parents.
So Sara got up from her chair and climbed all the way to the loft (阁楼). “Mum, I want a talk.” said Sara. “Just a minute!” Her mum clicked on the keyboard, took off her glasses and turned to her daughter. Sara coughed, took a deep breath, and told her mum that she wanted a dog. “No, Sara. That’s impossible,” her mum said firmly. Sara went to her father but got the same answer. She rushed into her room angrily and slammed the door shut.
Later, Sara’s mum knocked at the door and went in. “Darling, we know this is important to you. You can have a dog if you take the responsibility. But look at your Nature Garden, your school bag, your bedroom! What a mess! Do you think you can take good care of a dog ” said her mum.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Sara was lost in thought and decided to make some changes.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
With the dog’s company, Sara began her busy but joyful life.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Sarah was lost in thought and decided to make a change. She went to the bedroom first, which was terrible. Sarah quickly began to sweep the floor, fold the clothes, and made the bed. Finally the bedroom made people’s eyes light up. Then there was her natural garden, which also was a terrible place. But Sarah was not discouraged. She spent two hours weeding and planting new flowers. Even if she was very tired, she did not stop. Mother was very happy to see the change in her, and decided to buy Sarah a puppy.
With the company of the dog, Sarah began a busy and happy life. After she woke up in the morning, she took her dog for a walk in the park. After coming back, she cleaned her room and had breakfast delightedly. After school, she went to the kennel and cleaned it . Having finished her homework in the evening, she would help her mother with the housework. Look at her garden, it was also neat and tidy, because of her tendency. Sarah was healthier and happier than before.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了萨拉认为父母不关心自己。萨拉想想要一只属于自己的小狗。但是妈妈认为萨拉不能承担责任，从她的自然花园和一团糟的卧室就看出萨拉不能承担养狗的责任，所以妈妈拒绝了。
【详解】1.段落续写
①由第一段句首内容“萨拉陷入了沉思，决定做些改变。”可知，第一段可以描写萨拉做出的努力。
②由第二段句首内容“有了狗的陪伴，萨拉开始了忙碌而快乐的生活。”可知，第二段可以描写萨拉的忙碌生活。
2.续写线索：决定改变——收拾屋子——整理花园——买狗——忙碌——快乐
3.词汇激活
行为类
①开始：begin/ start
②停止：stop/ cease
③决定：decide/ determine
情绪类
①泄气的：discouraged/ frustrated
②高兴的：happy/joyful/delighted
【点睛】【高分句型1】She went to the bedroom first, which was terrible. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】Even if she was very tired, she did not stop. (运用了Even if引导的让步状语从句)
【高分句型3】Having finished her homework in the evening, she would help her mother with the housework. (运用了非谓语动词Having finished作状语)
