2016年中考英语二轮专项突破 阅读理解实战演练(解题策略+真题训练)

《中考英语专题突破与2016年实战演练》是根据中考命题要求编写的。全书包括听力、单项填空、完型填空、阅读理解、补全对话、语篇翻译和书面表达七个部分。每部分由“2016年命题特点”、“解题思路”、“备考建议”与“实战演练”组成。实战演练题是从全国各省市2015年中考英语试题中精心挑选出最经典、最具代表性的试题，这些考题考点全面，考查角度新颖，有利于拓宽考生备考思路、提高考生的解题能力，为取得中考好成绩打下扎实基础。
中考英语专项突破与2016年实战演练

——阅读理解考查类型、解题思路与备考建议
作者：胡扬朋　（江西省中学英语特级教师）
一、考查类型
（一）正误判断类
正误判断题主要考察学生阅读分析、理解、应用和判断的能力，要求根据文章内容对所给句子即题干，做出正误判断。此类题型往往依托短文内容进行发挥，或者给出意思相近或相反的几个句子要求辨别、判断，或者变换词语、句子结构来考查同一意思的不同表达。做这种阅读理解题道先通读全文，把握大意。然后阅读所给题干，再读原文，在文中找出对应的词句。在对句子进行判断时，建议使用对照法，即将原文中与题干意思相近的句子或段落找出来，与题干一一对照，详细区分，切不可片面理解，更不可想当然。对于简单明了的文章，要注意其首尾句，以及表明文章主旨的中心句、关键语等。对读了一遍意思还不够明了的文章，我们除了要了解全文，弄清人物、地点、时间、原因等要点外，还要仔细推敲复杂的句子，弄清句子及全文的意思。
[实例分析]
（长沙中考卷）
阅读短文，判断下列句子是否符合短文内容。符合的写（T），不符合的写（F）。
Los Angeles—Thousands of people waited in line on Thursday at Apple Stores, hoping to buy new iPhone 4. The new iPhone starts at ＄199 with a two-year renewal(换新)。
Randy Cruz, 25, waited in line at Los Angeles Apple Store at 10 p.m. Wednesday, and wanted to buy her new iPhone before going to work. Stores opened at 7 a.m. Her old iPhone was broken two months ago, and she waited for the new model, “I can work from it and have fun,” she said. Cruz was lucky and she got it, but hundreds of others waited in line on all sides of the shopping mall.
By the end of the day, Apple’s latest iPhone was all sold out across the US, “It is working to get more phones. They can’t get her soon enough,” said Melissa O’Brien, Wal-Mart spokeswoman(代言人)
Apple spokesman Steve Dowling wouldn’t say how quickly stores would get more phones. He said, “We are working hard to get them to everyone as quickly as possible. It will take about a month for stores to get fully stocked(储藏).” Apple said it sold 600,000 in early orders.
41. A lot of people waited in line at Los Angeles Apple Stores to buy iPone 4.
42. Randy Cruz lost her old iPhone on the way home two months ago.
43. Randy Cruz got the iPhon at Los Angeles Apple Store.
44. Steve Dowling said that they would get more iPhones to people as quickly as possible.
45. It will take about half a month for stores to get fully stocked.
[答案解析]
文章描述了许多人在洛杉矶苹果专卖店排队购买iPhone 4，当天手机在整个美国销售一空的情况。
41. 根据文章的首句可知，很多人在苹果专卖店排队购买iPhone 4。故本句表述正确。答案为T。
42. 根据第二段落的“Her old iPhone was broken two months ago ”可知，Randy Cruz的手机两个月前坏了。因此，本句表述的“在回家的路上丢失了”是不相符的。答案为F。
43. 对照第二段中的“Cruz was lucky and she got it”可知，Randy Cruz买到了手机。故本句表述正确。答案为T。
44. 根据最后一段中的“We are working hard to get them to everyone as quickly as possible”可知，Steve Dowling称商店正努力尽可能快地拿到手机，故本句表述正确，答案为T。
45. 根据最后一段的“about a month”可知，本句表述的“半个月”是错误的。答案为F。
（二）回答问题类
该题型多数考题针对文章中的细节提出问题，答案都能在原文中找到出处。因此，答题时，要了解不同问题的回答方式。即：一般疑问句用Yes/No回答，相对简单些。选择疑问句回答时不用Yes/No，需选择其中正确的一部分来做答。特殊疑问句较为复杂，要注意问题与回答在形式上的对应。例如：问目的，就应当用 for短语，不定式短语等来回答；问原因，就应当用 because of 短语或because 从句来回答；提问词是what,只能用完整句子、名词或名词性短语、名词性从句来回答；而用when， where提问时不要忘记答语中的介词。有时最后一个问题通常为开放性题目，只要言之成理就能得分。做这种阅读理解题，首先仔细阅读短文后所提出的问题，带着问题通读全文，把握文章意思，然后再细读与问题相关的句子、句子的关键词或短语等；在此基础上再结合上下文进行分析判断、逻辑推理、归纳提炼出问题答案的表述内容，记住要看清问题，不要答非所问。注意：在组织答语时要认真细致，避免使用不熟悉的句型、词汇或短语，尽可能用原文中的关键词语回答问题，但不能照抄原句，要对原文进行总结归纳。此外，要避免语言形式错误，如拼写、标点符号、大小写等错误。特别要注意首字母要大些。同时避免语法错误，注意主谓是否一致、时态与原文是否对应等。总之，简答题基于理解，重在表达，要精炼概括，言简意赅，体现“简”与“准”二字。
[实例分析]
（上海中考卷）
It's March, 2050.
Frank and Mary Smith wake up in their comfortable house in the morning and switch on the bedroom computer to get the latest news. They used to read the Times, but changed to electronic newspapers many years ago.
There is the usual news about space: another space flight has returned from Mars and scientists have discovered a new planet. Then they turn to business news: the US dollar has risen greatly in Shanghai, one of the world's leading business centres. Mary tells the computer to buy 5,000 dollars, and there is a quick response that it has been done.
As they watch the screen, Mary orders one of the household robots to make coffee for them. Frank disappears into the study to join a video conference with his partners around the world. He is a computer engineer, working for several companies. This is his third job: he used to be in marketing and then television.
Mary has a quick look at the shopping channels—the usual selection of electric cars, household robots and cheap travel offers—before picking up the video phone to talk to her assistant. She also has a job and she is doing medical research. Both she and Frank used to have an office desk in London, but in 2014 they decided to move to the seaside and work from home.
Frank and Mary have one daughter, Louise, who also has her own workstation at home. She goes to school only one day a week, mainly to play with other students. Classrooms disappeared in 2030 because there was no longer any need for them: communications systems have made it much easier to learn at home.
Louise, now thirteen, is studying Chinese at present, which has become a world language as
important as English. Louise has many Chinese friends. They communicate by computer.
According to the family doctor, Louise will live to at least 130. Her wish is to work for a
few decades (十年) and then spend her time on music and painting. （上海卷）
93. Why do Frank and Mary switch on the bedroom computer in the morning?
Because they _________________________________________________
94. Does Mary read space news or business news?
__________________________________________________________
95. Who makes coffee for Mary and Frank?
____________________________________________________________
96. How does Frank work with others from home?
_____________________________________________________________
97. What are the two world languages in 2050?
______________________________________________________________
98. What do you think of Louise's life in 2050?
I think her life in 2050 is ____________ because ________________________
[答案解析]
该篇文章讲述了“Frank和Mary在2050年的生活”，如：阅览电子报纸、机器人做家务、观看购物频道以及他们女儿上学方式等等。
93. 通过查找第2段内容，对于问题“为什么早晨打开床头电脑”就不难找到原因。答案为Because they want to get the latest news。
94. 这是一个选择疑问句，不需要用Yes/No、回答。在文章的第3段，Mary不但阅读了space新闻，也阅读了business新闻。答案为Both/Both of them。
95. 根据第4段Mary orders one of the household robots to make coffee for them.内容，答案为One of the household robots（A robot.或A household robot）。
96. 这是由How引起的特殊疑问句，回答 “Frank在家里以怎样的方式和别人一起工作”，需要用介词through “通过”来引导。这个问题要认真读懂第4段才能回答出来。答案为Frank works with others from home through advanced communications systems或through computers。
97. 查找第7段第一句内容。答案为Chinese and English。
98. 该题为开放题，答案只要符合文意，理由充分、语法正确即可。答案为convenient; computers can help her with a lot of work。
（三）选择类
1) 细节理解
近年来的中考阅读理解题中，细节题占有很大的比例。旨在考查学生对所读材料的基本信息的掌握和理解情况，一般只针对文章中某一特定细节，也可能涉及若干个细节。此类试题一般要可分为两种：一是直接理解题，答案可在原文中直接找到；二是间接理解题，答案是原文中有关词语和句子的转换，而不能在原文直接找到。
出题的方式主要有以下三种：
（1）问句式。多以特殊疑问句形式呈现。Who/What/Where/Which/When/How等是细节理解题的标志。问题主要涉及人物、时间、地点、原因、数字等。常见的命题形式有：
How did something happen?
What does/did somebody/something do?
(2) 排除式。这类题与是非题实际上同出一辙。用于询问文中所述事实的真实性或非真实性。一般含有“true 或not true”等词语。常见的命题形式有：
Which of the following statements is (not) TRUE?
Which of the following is NOT included in the passage?
(3) 不完整的陈述句式。要求考生选出的答案与题干构成的句子在意义上与原文内容相符。题干为不完整的陈述句部分，而选项为完形部分。常见的命题形式有：
People are looking for better ways to ____________________.
The reason why he did it was __________________________.
做这种题要从以下几方面入手：
（1）问句式的细节理解题可采用“对号入座”的办法，即带着问题找句子。首先看文章后面的问题，确定每道题提问的中心，这样考生就可以带着问题去阅读文章，做到有的放矢。当读到有关解答提问中心的信息时，可以在原文信息下划线的同时，把问题的题号也标出来，便于节省时间和最后检查。在原文中找出提问中心的解答信息后，可把原文信息放到问题中去，与第一选项进行对照，与原文信息相符的那个选项，即是正确答案。
(2) 排除式的细节理解题其答案或是被排除在文章内容之外，或是只有正确答案包括在文章内容之中。因此，在解答时首先要仔细阅读题后的选项，牢记各个项目所阐述的不同内容。然后带着这些不同的内容去阅读原文。并逐一排除错误选项。
(3) 不完整的陈述句式的答案与原文在字面上有时差异很大，通常要找出与前句的内容在逻辑上的联系，因此答这类题时准确理解是关键。
[实例分析]
（陕西卷中考卷）
1 Last month, some volunteers from Xi’an went to a middle school in the mountain area. They gave away 40 beds, 2 computers and hundreds of books to the students. The school lies deep in the mountains. Students have to live in the school. But the school was too poor to provide beds for them, so they had to sleep on the desks. Thanks to the volunteers, now the students can sleep on their own beds in the school.
2 The Zapps, from Argentina ( 阿根廷), began their tour in their old cars several years ago. They travelled to over 40 countries with four kids. Many people wondered what made them travel around the world. They said, “It’s just one dream, a big dream, from Argentina to the whole world. Thanks to those who supported us during our journey, our dream came true in the end.” Do you want to see your dream come true? If so, why not start right away?
3 Jack Tsonis and Lindsay Morrison in Sydney decided to do something special on the UN’s International Day of Peace. They both loved peace. They both wanted to break the world record for the longest handshake to bring more love and peace to the world. To break the world record, they needed to shake hands for over 11 hours without a stop. Finally they make it. Their arms hurt a lot, but they were very happy.
46. The volunteer gave away ____________to the students.
A. beds and computers
B. clothes and books
C. desks and beds
D. beds and bags.
47. What can we learn from the second story?
A. We can hardly travel around the world if we have an old car.
B. We can travel around the world if nobody helps us.
C. We should realize our dreams if we have lots of money.
D. We should start right away if we want to realize our dream.
48. Which is TRUE about the two men in the last story?
A. It took them less than 11 hours to break the world record.
B. They were happy though they didn’t break the world record.
C. Both of them loved peace.
D. They often shook hands
[答案解析]
本文是三则新闻，内容涉及西安的志愿者为处在深山的中学捐赠床、电脑和书；来自阿根廷的Zapps 一家周游40个国家；以及悉尼的Jack Tsonis and Lindsay Morrison在国际和平日当天，通过打破长时间握手纪录的方式给世界带来更多的爱和和平。
46. 由第一段第二句可知，赠送给他们的是40 beds, 2 computers and hundreds of books，答案为A。
47.根据最后一段Do you want to see your dream come true? If so, why not start right away? 可知答案为D。
48. 根据该段倒数第二行A选择中less than是错误的；Finally they make it.可知他们成功了，所以B是错误的；D无根据；根据They both loved peace，可知答案为C。
2) 推理题
推理是阅读理解考试中常用的技巧之一，它要求考生在通篇理解文章的前提下，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。深层理解是一种创造性的思维活动。它必须忠实于原文；要以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，立足已知推断未知，不能凭空想象，随意揣测；它要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。只有吃透文章的字面意思，推理才有前提和基础。
推理题常见的提问方式：
We can conclude from the passage that__________________.
It can be inferred from the passage that______________________
The writer suggests that________________.
What is the real meaning of the doctors’ words?
做这种题要从以下几方面入手：
（1）推断隐含意义
有时作者在文章中没有将某一个问题直接地陈述出来，而是暗含其中，对所隐含的意义进行推断。解题时，要求考生要仔细阅读，需要考生忠实原文，吃透意思，在文章中找到问题涉及的有关信息、关键词，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据、透过表面的文字、通过分析、思考、做出合乎情理的推断。
(2) 推断作者观点。
要求考生就作者对论述对象持什么样的态度做出推断，如作者对所陈述的观点是赞同、反对，还是犹豫不定，对记述或描写的人、物或事件是赞颂、同情、冷漠，还是厌恶。作者的这种思想倾向和感彩不一定直接表述出来，而往往隐含在字里行间。因此，进行这种推断时，我们既要依靠短文的主题思想作为推理的前提，又要注意作者的措辞，尤其是形容词一类的修饰语。
（3）推断文章出处。根据短文的内容或结构来判断其出处：报纸：前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称；广告：其格式特殊，容易判断；产品说明：器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式，而药品的服用说明会告知服用的时间、次数、用量等。
[实例分析]
（内蒙古包头卷中考卷）
I was born disabled. A difficult birth, feet first, my head stuck. By my first birthday, I couldn't stand or walk.
When I was three, thedoctor told Dad I had cerebral palsy(脑瘫). A loss of oxygen to my brain has destroyed brain signals to the right side of my body.
But no son of my dad’s was going to be disabled. Every morning before breakfast and every evening before bed, my dad placed me on the bedroom floor to exercise my right leg. Back and forth, up and down, my dad pushed and pulled the muscles(肌肉) into shape.
But my dad's exercise of love didn't stop there. For my 13th birthday, he threw me a special party. When everybody was gone, he brought me to open a large box; it was a set of boxing gloves. We put them on. My dad kept on beating me hard. Each time I tried to get up, the gloves kissed my nose and eyes. I asked him to stop. He said he beat me to get me ready for the tough world.
That same year, I was the only kid in my neighborhood that wasn't picked for Little League. Two weeks later, Dad decided to teach me how to become a football player himself and we began to practice.
The power of my dad's love made it possible for me to walk and do other things like a normal child. In high school, I became a football ster.
In 1997, a brain doctor told me I didn't have cerebral palsy at all. He explained how and where the doctor's forceps(镊子) at birth had damaged my brain.
My dad never knew the whole truth since he had passed away years before. But that's not important; because of his love and madness, I'm no longer disabled.
56. What do we learn from the passage?
A. The author has a talent for boxing.
B. The author became a basketball star with the help of his father.
C. The author achieved a lot because of his father's love.
D. The author doesn't think his father should be so strict with him
57. Paragraph 3 suggests that the author's father ____________ .
A. wouldn't give up hope easily
B. didn't give his son any love
C. blamed(责备) the doctors for his son's disability
D. did nothing but accept the fact that his son was disabled
58. The author wrote the passage to ___________ .
A. give advice to the parents of disabled children
B. encourage disabled children
C. show life can be very hard for a disabled child
D. remember his father
[答案解析]
本文作者以其亲身经历向读者讲述了一个感受人的故事：由于出生时的医疗事故，作者不幸患上了脑瘫，但父亲并没有放弃，而是通过对其坚持不懈的训练，使作者康复起来，并成了学校的中球明星。作者通过本文表达了对已逝父亲的感激与怀念。
56. 通读全文可知，父亲把自己的脑瘫儿子训练成了学校的足球明星。由此可知，作者因父爱收获了许多。答案为C。
57. 第三段主要讲述了父亲对儿子进行的肢体训练，由此可知，父亲对患脑瘫的儿子没有放弃希望。答案为A。
58. 根据最后一段内容可知，作者写这篇文章的意图就是纪念已去世的父亲。答案为D。
3) 主旨题
主旨题主要考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力，它要求考生在理解全文的基础上对文章进行高度的概括或总结。其考查范围主要包括三个方面，即怎样理解文段的主旨大意、怎样选择恰当的文章标题及怎样捕捉作者的态度和意图。
（1）怎样理解文段的主旨大意。
常见的设问方式：
The passage is mainly about _________________.
The first paragraph mainly tells us ____________
What is the text mainly about?
理解文段的主旨大意，找准文章或段落的主题句是关键。主题句在文章的位置通常有三种情况：主题句在文章开头，即先点出主题，然后围绕这一主题作具体的陈述。主题句在结尾。用归纳法写的文章，结尾的句子起着总结归纳、画龙点睛的作用。主题句在中间。通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节在文中导出，当主题句出现后，又进一步用细节支持说明。
(2) 怎样选择恰当的标题。
常见的设问形式：
The best title for this passage is _______.
Which of the following is the best title?
What would be the best title for the text?
标题是段落中心思想的精练表达形式。它的特点是：覆盖性强，一般要求能囊括文章的主要内容；精确性强，其确定的范围要恰当，既不能太大，也不能太小，要量体裁衣，大小适度；短小精练，多为一短语。在阅读全文的基础上，要仔细考虑所设题干哪一项与文章主题有密切的联系，再看它对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何。要防止本末倒置，主次不分，以点代面，以偏概全。
(3)怎样捕捉作者的态度和意图。
常见的设问形式：
What is the author's main purpose in this passage?
The passage is trying to ___________________.
The writer's attitude toward......is _______________________.
作者对事实的描述或提传递的信息，不管他的意图是什么，其观点和态度都不可避免地在文章中反映出来。这就要求考生在阅读时应特别注意文章的措辞，尤其是表达感彩的形容词以及作者对人物语言、行为和思想的描写，从中领悟作者的写作意图和态度。
[实例分析]
（武汉卷中考卷）
One afternoon I toured an art museum while waiting for my husband to finish a business meeting. I was looking forward to a quiet view of the art works.
A young couple viewing the paintings ahead of me chatted nonstop between themselves. I watched them a moment and decided the wife was doing all the talk. I admired the husband’s patience for putting up with her continuous talk. Distracted by their noise, I moved on.
I met with them several times as I moved through the different rooms of art. Each time I heard her constant burst of words, I moved away quickly.
I was standing at the counter of the museum gift shop making a purchase when the couple came near to the exit. Before they left, the man reached into his pocket and pulled out a white object. He extended it into a long stick and then tapped his way into the coatroom to get his wife’s jacket.
“He’s a brave man.”The clerk at the counter said,” Most of us would give up if we were blinded at such a young age. During his recovery he made a promise that his life wouldn’t change. So, as before, he and his wife come in whenever there’s a new art show.”
“But what does he get out of the art?”I asked, “He can’t see.”
“Can’t see? You’re wrong. He sees a lot. More than you or I do.” The clerk said, “His wife describes each painting so he can see it in his head.”
I learned something about patience, courage and love that day. I saw the patience of a young wife describing paintings to a person without sight and the courage of a husband who would not allow blindness to change his life. And I saw the love shared by two people as I watched this couple walk away hand in hand. （武汉卷）
60. The passage is mainly about ___________.
A. the importance of art B. good manners in public
C. patience of a husband D. love between a couple
[答案解析]
本文讲述的是一位健全的妻子陪着失明的丈夫来看艺术展的故事，体现了这对夫妇之间深深的爱。答案为D。
4) 猜词题
猜词题是中考英语阅读理解重要题型，主要考查考生根据上下文推测生词短语含义的能力，突出考查语境的分析和把握能力。猜词能力不仅涉及到学生的语言知语水平，还涉及到学生的语言应用能力和综合素质水平。
在阅读理解中，猜测词义、句义题的特点是对生词、短语、指示代词和句子的猜测。
常见设问形式：
The underlined word “…” means __________________.
In the last paragraph, the word “…” refers to __________________.
What does the word “…” in Paragraph 3 mean?
做这种题可从以下几方面入手：
（1）利用构词法。
英语中有大量的单词是通过合成或加前缀、后缀形成的，因此考生可运用构词法来判断生词的意义。如：The colors of Hawaii in summer are unforgettable. forget意为“忘记”，un为否定前缀，因此unforgettable就是“令人难忘”之意。【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
(2) 利用同义词。
一是要看由and 或or连接的同义词词组。如:happy or gay，即使不认识gay这个词，也可以它是“愉快”的意思。二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词。如：Man has known something about the planets Venus, Mars, and Jupiter with the help of spaceships. 此句中的Venus（金星）, Mars（火星）, Jupiter（木星）均为生词，但只知道planets就可猜出这几个词都属于“行星”这一义域。
(3) 利用反义词。
一是要看表示转折关系的连词或副词，如but, however等。二是与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语。如：Tom is lazy but his brother is industrious.该句中but表示转折，就暗示了lazy和industrious是一对反义词，由此可知industrious意为“刻苦的、勤奋的”。
（4）利用上下文。
有些生词的意思必须通过对上下文所提供的信息或线索综合予以考虑方能确定。这种线索可以是一些词语也可以是一些出现在上下文中的句子，考查的方式一般是猜测中文意思。如：The kitchen rubbish is broken into small pieces and sent into the sewage system. The sewage system takes away the used water from toilets, bathtubs and other places. 根据文中语境，碎成小片的厨房垃圾、厕所用水和浴室用水等进入的当然是“排污”系统。
(5) 利用因果关系。
首先要找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，有时文章借助连词，如because, since, as, for , so等表示前因后果。如：Mary didn't notice me when l came into the classroom, because she was completely engrossed in her reading.该句的意思是：当我走进教室的时候，玛丽没有注意到我，因为她正在……地看书。据此，可以推断engross可能就是“使全神贯注，吸引”的意思。
(6) 利用生活常识。
如：Water usually boils at 100 centigrade. 众所周知，水的沸点是100摄氏度，由此不难判断出centigrade的意思是“摄氏度”。
（7）利用定义或释义关系。
如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义，理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。如：But sometimes, no rain falls for a long, long time. Then there is a dry period, or drought. 从drought所在句子的上文我们得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的时期，即drought，由此可见drought意为“久旱”，“旱灾”。而a dry period和drought是同义语。这种同义或释义的关系常由or, in other words, be called或破折号等来表示。
（8）利用指代关系
利用指代关系是一类比较特殊的词义猜测题。一般常用指代性的代词，如it, they, he, she以及其宾格形式来指代前面所出现的名词,或以this, that, those来指代文中提到的某个观点或看法。如：I can understand that the school needs a dress code(准则).It’s a problem if students come to school with their shirts open. We all understand that, but no one wants a uniform. 。这里出现的指代词“that”所指的是前面提及的一个事实，即学校需要一个穿衣准则。
[实例分析]
1）To reduce traffic accidence , all drivers of the UN are now not allowed to text while driving. About 32 countries have passed laws restricting the use of mobile phones while driving. (温州中考卷)
The underlined word restricting probably means _______.
A. not telling B. not allowing C. enjoying D. making
2) Last year in the UK at least 45 people died and 900 more were injured in car accidents where drivers were using their mobile phones．Yet many people continue to use them while driving even though it’s dangerous．(广州中考卷)
The underlined word “them” in paragraph 1 refers to_______,.
A．phone users B．mobile phones C．drivers D. ears
3）A punctual person is in the habit of doing a thing at the correct time and is never late for anything. （重庆中考卷）
The Chinese meaning of the word “punctual” in this passage is probably “_______”.
A.听话的B.守时的C.守纪律的D.能干的
[答案解析]
1）根据上句可知，为了减少交通事故，许多国家不允许开车时发短信，因此，restricting的意思是not allowing。答案为B。
2）由上文的“where drivers were using their mobile phones”可知，them在此即指代mobile phones。故答案为B。
3）根据“at the correct time and is never late”可知，与时间有关。答案为B。
5) 广告图表题
近年来，湖南多数考区阅读理解题中均安排了一节5个小题的广告图表题。广告图表类的阅读材料属于应用文范畴，大致可分为宣传推销、需求招聘、火车飞机时刻表、作息日程表等类型。宣传推销类的材料为了吸引读者的关注，大多非常突出所宣传推销内容的优点和价值；需求招聘类的，一般情况下必须说明对对方的具体要求和可以提供给对方的待遇，同时还要交待清楚时间、地点、联系方式等；时刻表、日程表类的，往往使用非常准确地甚至是精确的时间、地点，具严密的逻辑性和要求极高的准确性。把握住了这些特点，就能够较好地掌握这一类阅读材料的主要内容，也就可以为做出准确判断降低难度。
理解图表广告是一种综合能力测试，其语言高度浓缩，信息量大。做题时，阅读次数再多也难得到所有信息，而且项目多，题目可涉及到有关任何方面。因此应先看题，再看图表广告内容。具体的步骤为：先对图表广告有个大概的印象，弄清楚是哪方面的，再看题目，根据题目要求，到图表广告中去查找信息。不要被繁杂的形式和词汇困扰住，没有必要做快速阅读、细读，因为图表给我们的信息比较零散，信息点不完全在主题上，有的可能在标题上，有的在标志说明、方向或注释里，所以需要仔细认真。
[实例分析]
(江西卷中考卷)
66. If Mr. Smith goes to visit Stokesay Castle with his 4-year-old daughter, how much
should he pay for the tickets?
A. ￡5.00. B. ￡7.50. C. ￡12.50. D. ￡16.50.
67. On what day can we visit Stokesay Castle in November?
A. Every day. B. From Tuesday to Sunday,
C. From Wednesday to Sunday. D. From Thursday to Sunday.
68. What can we do in Stokesay Castle?
A. Take a walk with a pet dog. B. Do some shopping.
C. Enjoy tea in the tearoom anytime. D. Get free souvenirs.
[答案解析]
本文是一则广告，文章主要介绍了STOKESAY城堡的票价，开放时间，地址，设施以及联系方式等。
66. 由STOKESAY CASTLE中的内容可知，5岁以下的孩子参观城堡是免费的，而成年人需要花费￡5，据此可算出Mr. Smith需付的费用为￡5.00。答案为A。
67. 由OPENING TIMES 中的1 Nov-28 Feb：Thu-Sun 可知，十一月浏览Stokesay Castle的时间是从星期四到星期天。答案为D。
68. 在FACILITIES 中R “No dogs”可排除A；由“Tearoom Apr-Oct only”可排除C；由“Souvenir guide book”可排除D。根据Shop可确定能做的事情为do some shopping。答案为B。
（四）摘录要点类
该题型根据短文和表格所提供的语言信息，以填写词语的方式完成文后各题，主要考查学生三个方面的能力：捕捉信息能力，组织信息能力，综合概括信息能力。这种题目中所填的词或词组往往具有很高的概括性和准确性，因此,考生必须认真阅读材料,尽可能地从短文中找到所要填写的词语?
做这种题可以从以下几方面入手：
1) 纵览全文。在有限的时间内迅速抓住文章的要点和重要信息，找出关键词语，如人物、事物、时间、年代、地点、数量、种类等。
2）分析图表。要特别注意图表里的小标题，这有助于快速了解图表结构及图表大意，从而有助于预测短文的主旨大意和写作结构，还可以准确定位试题具体的填空要求。
3）仔细填写。在了解短文大意的同时，要确定填空的内容，即所填写词语是否与已知文章中的一致。在填写时一定要仔细，稍一马虎就可能出错。例如，有的属于明确信息，有的要通过逻辑推理，有的句子是文章中原句的同义词，有的为了表达同样的语意，原文中使用的结构不适合于试题中，因此要适当转化结构。
4）审核答案。做完题目后，要立足整体，揣摩所填之词是否符合文章内容，同时还要注意动词时态与语态、人称、名词单复数，形容词或副词及其比较级或最高级是否有误；首字母是否在写；句子的主谓搭配是否合理等。
[实例分析]
（成都卷中考卷）
阅读下面短文，根据其内容，完成表格中所缺的信息。
Some people prefer to make friends with people who are very much like them while others prefer friends who are very different. There are advantages to both types of friendship. If a man chooses a friend similar to himself, there is no problem that they will share many common interests. They may have similar goals in life. This means that they will be able to help each other in achieving their goals. Two people who are very similar will feel comfortable with each other and may understand each other's feelings better. Their friendship may be deeper and last longer.
There are also many advantages of making friends with someone of opposite interests and even character. In this type of friendship, the two people complement (补充) each other. If one is weak in some ways, the other is strong. While two people with similar goals may find themselves in competition, but those who want different things can always support each other. Those who have different interests can introduce each other to new experience and so enrich (丰富) their knowledge. A friend who is unlike me may be challenging, but a similar friend is familiar and safe.
Friendship
Friends
___6__
One type of friendship
Similar to each other
·Share common interests．
·Have similar goals in life，
·Be ___7___for their goals
·Friendship lasts longer．
The other type of friendship
Opposite to each other
·Complement each other．
·Support each other．
·Make ___8___in knowledge．
Topic：___9___
Author’s attitude：Preferring ___10___
[答案解析]
6.根据这栏的内容可知，谈的是两种类型友谊的各自的优势。答案为Advantages。
7.从第一段“they will be able to help each other in achieving their goals.”可知其意思；但是这里需要一个形容词，用于“be…for”之间。答案为helpful to each other。
8.从第二段最后一句“enrich their knowledge.”可知意思；这里使用 “make…+形容词”结构。答案为each other (be) rich。
9. 通读本文可知，主要谈两种类型的友谊，选择性格相似的朋友或者选择性格相反的朋友好处也不同。答案为Choosing friends或Two types of friendship
10.从最后一段 “A friend who is unlike me may be challenging, but a similar friend is familiar and safe.[” 可知作者倾向于第一种类型的。答案为the first type of friendship。
（五）补全阅读类
该题型的设计思路是：给出一篇短文，其中有5处空白，文章后面有6或7个选项，选择五个放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。“补全阅读”与常规的“完型填空”同属于残缺阅读范畴，但“补全阅读”已经上升到句子与文章的更高层面，着重考查学生的分析理解和布局谋篇的能力。它着眼全文，从句子和文章的大视野中来考查学生的阅读能力，只有读懂全文，洞悉脉络，理清思路，方能相互匹配，对号入座。
做这种题可从以下几方面入手：
1）先预测选项，注意抓选项主干，猜测选项的大致意思;同时要注意连词，代词，名词，形容词，副词等的出现。
2）回到原文中看看空白处所在的位置。如果是在段首句，也许意味着是中心主题句，如果是在段尾句，也许意味着是中心主题句或是细节论述;如果是在段中，意味着是细节论述。
3）根据空白处的前后句的意思，按先易后难的顺序将原文恢复原貌。做完之后在把文章看一遍，检查一下所填的顺序是否符合文章上下文的要求。
[实例分析]
（江西卷中考卷）
请先阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后根据短文内容从下面方框内的七个选项中，选择五个还原到文中，使短文意思通顺、结构完整，并在答题卷上将其序号涂黑。
You have been thinking about it all week. It kept you awake last night. Now, as you walk to the front of the class, your throat is dry and your stomach feels funny. 81._______________ However, by making a few small preparations and rehearsing (预演) carefully, you too can be a public speaking star.
82._______________ Being excited about your topic is necessary for all the good speeches, so it's important to choose carefully. If you enjoy your topic, your audience (观众) will, too. Even if you are given a topic, try to find something about it that is exciting or funny.
Next, do some research. Don't just research your topic. 83. ______________ If you can, study video of a great speaker to see how they move, speak, and pause (停顿). Copying their style will help you to write a great speech.
After researching, it's time to write your speech. During this stage, think of your audience all the time. 84._______________ It helps you relax if you know that your audience is enjoying your speech.
Finally, rehearse. You really need to rehearse a lot. Measure your speech with a watch, and practice in front of a mirror (镜子). 85. _______________ If you have followed all these steps, you should be ready for your audience. Good luck!
A. You are a very successful speaker．
B. Research some great speakers as well．
C. Entertaining your audience is important．
D. Start by choosing a topic that you are interested in．
E. Research is very important for writing a great speech．
F. Many students find it difficult to give a public speech．
G. You can check your hand movement and facial expression．
[答案分析]
文章体裁为说明文。文章内容是帮助中学生如何准备一篇演讲的流程。
81. F 此句讲的是大部分学生发现做公众性演讲很难。
82. D 后面讲到要做好的演讲，演讲的题目很重要，所以先要选一个你非常感兴趣的题目。
83. B 前面讲的是为自己的话题搜集相关资料，后面讲的是搜集一些成功演说家、演讲家的视频。B和E都和搜寻有关，B选项更能在文章中起到承上启下的作用。
84. C 诙谐幽默的语言让听众愉悦也是很重要的。
85. G 该段讲的是你在最后演讲前要站在镜子前面演练一遍。
二、解题思路
（一）做阅读理解题的两种思路：
一种是顺序法。考生首先快速阅读短文，了解文章大意和主要情节，然后细读题干和选项，接着再细读一遍短文，最后又细读题干和选项选出正确答案。虽然所需时间较多，但解题正确率高。特别适合于推理判断题和推测作者的观点、态图、意图题。
另外一种是倒序法。为了节省答题时间，先看问题再阅读文章、一边阅读一边判断答案。这两种答题策略无所谓优劣，要根据文章类型与考生的具体情况选用。针对表格、广告等信息材料的阅读，建议使用第二种；但是对于大多数文章来说，特别是科技类说明文与话题谈论类的议论文，文章本身就有一定的难度，建议还是要先快速浏览一遍文章，掌握文章的大致意思，再根据题目研读相关的句子与段落，比较四个选项，最后判断出最佳答案。从近年来的中考英语阅读试题的组成来看，建议两种策略综合使用。
二、做阅读理解题的六个环节：
1. 通读全文，把握中心。
通读全文的目的在于尽快整体了解文章的题材、体裁与中心思想。首先要重视文章的开头和结尾，因为文章的第一句常常是表达文章的观点和论述的前提，最后一段往往是文章结论性的观点。其次要注意那些句与句之间、段落与段落之间起承上启下作用的关键词语，并特别注意那些表示并列、因果、转折、条件、比较等的关联词语，理顺文章脉络，掌握文章大意，为后面的答题奠定基础。
2. 阅读题干，确定考点。
在对文章有了初步了解后，接着认真阅读一遍题目（包括题干和候选项）。考生只要认真读完题目，就应该能快速判断出该题考查点是针对某一个单词或一句话或一段话或全文。如：Which of the following is the best title of the passage? 属于给文章添加标题，就是对全文意思的考查，只有通读全文、结合全文才能回答。再如 According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?这是一道查找细节的判断题，问题设计时，否定词一般都采用大写形式，以提醒考生。考生就必须从文中查找到与选项相关的细节，与所提供的选项逐一比较，才能做出正确判断。试题的题干决定了考生答题时不同的阅读范围，尤其值得关注。
3. 研读细节，理顺思路。
在通读全文，掌握了文章主题思想的基础上，考生还应该抓住阐述和发展主题思想的主要事实，或者按照要求找出特定细节。要特别关注涉及who, what, when, where, how和why等问题的内容。在有关此类内容的地方可做一些标记，以便在回答问题时迅速查找。
4. 逻辑推理，深层理解。
在阅读中，如果考生所读文章作者运用的语言比较直率，表达比较直截了当，那考生仅仅理解其字面意思，也不会影响答题。然而，做题时并不总是这么幸运，有时所读的文章往往比较含蓄，作者经常把需要考生理解的意思不直接表达出来，而期待考生去领悟文章的内在含义。在这种情况下，如果只理解语言的字面意思，就会妨碍对文章意义的真正理解。因此，考生要学会根据文章的内容提示与生活常识，透过字面意思看本质，深层理解文章所反映的主题与作者的真实意图。一旦题目中出现infer, suggest等常见的表示推理的词语时，考生就要在局部理解的基础上，结合全文考虑，整体把握，做出合理的判断。
5. 上下结合，推测词义。
准确地猜测词义也是英语阅读理解的一项重要能力。考生应该结合上下文语境，通过构词法知识，结合上下文的同位、对比、因果等关系与生活常识来推断词义。
6. 统观全篇，验证答案。
全部题目做完后，要把文章再读一遍，验证所选答案是否正确。复查时，一要注意核对关键题的答案，短文后的四、五个问题必有一个关键题，关键题答对了，则势如破竹，关键题答错了，则会引起连锁反应。二要注意各题答案相互照应，一篇文章所出的几个理解题通常是相互关联的，因此，各题的答案也应是相互照应，而不应自相矛盾。
三、备考建议
1. 迅速扩大词汇量。
一个人掌握的词汇量多少与其语言水平的高低有密切关系。英国著名语言学家D.A. Wilkins说：“没有语法，人们不能表达很多东西；而没有词汇，人们则无法表达任何东西。”由此可见，词汇是语言表达意义的主要承担者。在复习时要不断巩固已学的词汇，如熟记词汇的固定搭配，辨清词汇的相似用法，重视利用构词法归纳总结，找出单词内部、单词与单词之间的联系，不断产生联想记忆，温故知新地巩固、扩大词汇量。
2. 大量阅读，选择适宜的阅读理解题材料。
阅读是一种能力的体现，不是在课堂上认真听老师讲就能获得，而是靠课下大量的阅读实践培养出来的。所以，扩大阅读量是非常重要的。每天要结合自己的实际水平坚持完成一定量的阅读材料、读的材料可以从近几年各省市中考阅读考题中选择，也可以读有关报刊上的阅读文章和理解题，这些材料内容新颖，编排合理，难易适度。坚持每天必读，肯定受益匪浅。
3. 巩固和加深语法知识
语法句式不熟会给阅读理解带来障碍。阅读中的句子有的很长，有的很怪异。长的可能是加了从句（如宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句等），怪的则有可能是倒装或插入语。平时要多用学过的语法去分析英语句子，要学会通过动词时态、语态的变化来理解隐含的内容，推测作者的态度。还要学会判断后置定语、省略、替代及连接词语的用法。这些对理解一个句子非常重要。
4. 要加强限时阅读
考试是有时间限制的，所以我们平时的练习也一定要有时间限制，如果平时训练，总是无限阅读，一篇阅读理解花20多分钟做完，那势必造成考试题完不成的情况。所以，在阅读训练中要规定每篇的完成时间，并且这个完成时间要略高于中考要求。只有平时加强了这种训练，才能在中考考场紧张氛围中从容应答。
5. 拓宽知识面，丰富背景知识。
中考英语阅读理解所选的文章，题材广泛，内容丰富，涉及的背景知识包括人物传记、社会、经济、文化、日常知识、科普知识等。平时要多读这类文章，不断积累生活素材及英语国家的文化背景、人情风俗、生活方式知识。考试时遇到类似的文章，就会感到比较容易，有利于成绩的提高。

实战演练
(保留各省市试题题号)
正误判断类
一、（四川成都中考卷）
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容判断句子的正误。正确的涂“A”错误的 涂“B”。 We are collecting more news for our school English newspaper. Would you like to be reporters for it? Welcome! Here are two pieces from the news page.2·1·
The Best Runner
We had a sports day at school yesterday. Last year’s best runner, Li Yu, only won the second prize in the 800-meter race. Instead, Yang Liu from Class 2 came first by two seconds. Next year the race is going to be more Interesting! Who will be the best runner? I wonder.
Good-bey, Mr. White!
Our English teacher, Mr. White, has finished his two years’ teaching at our school and will leave next month. Mr. White is an excellent teacher and he’s always friendly to us. We’ll never forget his lively and interesting teaching. We are lucky to be his students. We thank him for all his hard work and wish him a nice journey home. We will miss you, Mr. White
71．You are welcome to be reporters for our school English newspaper.
72．Li Yu won the second prize in the 800-meter race yesterday.【出处：
73．Yang Liu was the best runner last year.
74．Mr. White will teach us English for two years at our school.
75．We’ll always remember Mr. White’s lively and interesting teaching.2
二、(2015年黑龙江牡丹江市中考卷)
Once upon a time there was a boy who liked drawing, but he was too poor to buy a brush. One night he said to himself," If only I had a brush, I could draw pictures for the poor people in my village." Suddenly an old man with a long white beard(胡须）appeared. He said, "Here is a brush for you. But you must only draw pictures for poor people with it."
Ma Liang began to draw a hen, and as he did so, it changed into a real hen. "Wow!"he said, "this brush must be magic!" Then he drew an axe（斧头) for a poor woman and it changed into a real one.
Soon the king heard about Ma Liang's magic brush. He asked Ma Liang to draw him a tree with gold coins hanging on it, but Ma Liang refused. The king was so angry that he threw Ma Liang in prison（监牢）."If I had a key, I could unlock the door, "Ma Liang said. So he drew a key and it changed into a real key. He opened the door quietly and escaped (逃跑). When the king got on his horse and chased him with his guards, Ma Liang drew a horse and it changed into a real horse. He rode the horse and ran away.
Judge the following sentences true (T) or false (F) according to what you read.
51.Ma Liang didn't have a brush because he didn't like drawing at all.
52.Ma Liang did as the old man told him.
53.The King was friendly to Ma Liang all the time.
54.The underlined word "chased" in the passage means "ran after".
55.The story tells us Ma Liang was a kind, clever and brave boy. prison（监牢）.
三、（2015年吉林长春中考卷）?根据短文内容，判断句子正（T）、误（F）。prison（监牢）.
Today, people use the Internet to shop, play games, make friends and read the news．Many young people can’t imagine life without it．Most older people, on the other hand, think the Internet is only 10 or 15 years old．In fact, the Internet has been used for a much longer time than most people think．In 1957, the United States was in the middle of the Cold War．The Soviet Union(苏联) had sent up the first satellite(卫星), named Sputnik, into space．This meant the Soviets were ahead of the U．S．in technology．Americans were afraid．Scientists in the army of America started developing ideas for protecting the country．One of the ideas was a network(网络) that would let people across the country communicate by using computers．The network took more than ten years to develop．It was first tried out in1969．for another twenty years, it was used only by scientists who worked with the U．S．government and by some engineers．Then, in 1990, the army of America gave the control of the Internet to the National Science Foundation．The Internet then became available to colleges all over the United States and to scientists across Europe．The biggest change in the way that people use the Internet came in 1992．For the first time, the Internet was opened to the general public, creating what is now known as the World Wide Weh, Soon, people began finding all kinds of different things they could do on the Internet．Today, no one government controls the Internet and it just gets bigger and bigger．It make our word different．1．In fact, the Internet has been used for a much longer time than most people think．2．Scientists in the U．S．started developing ideas for protecting the environment in 1957．3．After more than ten years’ development, the network was first tried out in 1969．4．In 1990, the Internet became available to colleges all over Europe．5．Today, many governments are in control of the Internet and it gets bigger and bigger．
四、（2015年呼和浩特中考卷）
As we know, all living things have to eat food. For a man, a tiger, a fish, a bird, or even a worm, food is necessary. Generally speaking, all living things are sure to die without food. In every part of the world, many different kinds of animals share living places and live in communities (群落) together. They are connected in a food chain (链).
Within a food chain, some living things are producers and some are consumers (消费者). Plants are producers because they use sunlight, soil and other things to make their own food. Animals are consumers because they have to eat other animals or plants.
There are four different kinds of consumers in the animal kingdom. A carnivore is an animal that only eats other animals. An herbivore is an animal that only eats plants. An omnivore is an animal that eats both plants and animals. A scavenger is an animal that eats dead animals.
Look at the picture. It is an example of a food chain. The food chain shows the order that animals eat each other in a community. In the picture, you can see what animal or plant is food for another animal. See? A leaf is food for a grasshopper, which then becomes food for a hungry mouse. The mouse is food for a snake. The snake is eaten by an eagle. In this way, all of these animals are connected.
根据上文内容判断正 ( T ) 误( F )
51. The main idea of the passage is “Four kinds of consumers”. 21·cn·jy·com
52. The underlined word “scavenger” means in Chinese “腐生动物”.
53. The food for a mouse according to the picture is a grasshopper.
54. All kinds of animals share their living places with others.
55. There are some living things which don’t need to eat food.
五、(2015年山东临沂中考卷)
Have you seen some machines that eat used plastic bottles and give some coins to the users(用户) ?21·世纪*教育网
Recently, such machines have appeared at universities in Chongqing . They can turn rubbish into treasure and encourage the public to recycle rubbish. The machine is as large as a fridge. Users put an empty bottle in the machine, It is identified(识别) by a small camera. Then it is put into a built-in bin. The users can get some coins. They can also give away the money.
When the machine is filled with bottles. it will tell the company’s(公司) head office. Nearby stations will send workers to have bottles collected . packed and send to the company.
The bottle recycling machines could greatly encourage the public to recycle rubbish and save natural resources(资源) .Now the machine only eats plastic bottles. At sometime in the future it will also cover others. Such as glass bottles .to turn more rubbish into treasure and make full use of the natural resources
People can also see similar machines in Shanghai. In the future, more such machines will appear at some large stations. Bus stops, neighborhoods and schools.
根据短文内容，判断下列句子正误。正确的用“A”表示，不正确的用“B”表示。
31. The bottle recycling machine eats plastic bottles and give some money to the users(用户) ?
32. When the machine is full, some workers will be sent to collect the bottles.
33. So far, the bottle recycling machine has been able to accept glass bottles.
34. There is no bottle recycling machine in Shanghai now.
35. The passage encourages the public to protect the environment by using the bottle recycling machines
六、（2015沈阳中考卷）
阅读短文，然后根据内容回答所提问题。
A
Open April to October
9 am to 11 am
2 pm to 5 pm
Closed Sundays
Adults: ￡ 2.00
Concessions: ￡ 1.50
Students: ￡ 1.00
Children: ￡ 0.50
Clachan, Bettyhill, Sutherland,
KW14 7SS
Tel: 01641 521418
Email: strathnavermus@ukonline.co.uk
www.strathnavermuseum.org.uk
51. What’s the name of the museum?
52. How long is the museum open in the afternoon?
53. On what day is the museum closed?
54. Who pay the most for tickets?
55. In which country is the museum?
B
The most valuable gift I have ever received was a photo album from my best friend Kevin.
Kevin and I were classmates for all six years of primary school. We both had the same interests, so we always had a lot of things to talk about. It is wonderful to have such a good friend.
However, last summer, Kevin had to move to another city because of his father’s job. Then he gave me a photo album. “It has photos of the memorable events we have experienced together. I’ve also written some notes under each photo,” he said. I was deeply moved.
I put the album beside my bed. I always look at it when I think of Kevin.
56. What is the writer’s most valuable gift?
57. Why did the writer and Kevin always have many things to talk about?
58. When did Kevin move to another city?
59. Where did Kevin write some notes?
60. What does the writer do when he thinks of Kevin?
C
Raising chickens seems a difficult task for teenagers. Gracie Goodpasture, from Virginia, US, not only raises them, but also tries to breed (喂养) the “perfect chicken”. And she even won an award for her love of science.
Gracie started breeding chickens in her third grade at Steward School. At first, she worked on some farms for her school project. But later, the 14-year-old started to have some ideas of her own.
“Some have thicker eggshells (蛋壳), and they’re hearty (健壮的) throughout the winter,” said Grade.
Since then, the young science lover started to try to find the healthiest free-range (散养) chickens. And she ended up breeding a type that now bears her name.
The National Science Teachers Association (NSTA) gave the 2015 Angela Award to Gracie Goodpasture. Her interests don’t end with chickens and eggs. She is also into building robots and testing preservatives (防腐剂) in fast foods. In her words, she wants to go to Virginia Tech for poultry (家禽) sciences in the future.
61. Where is Gracie from?
62. In which grade did Gracie start breeding chickens?
63. What did Gracie find about some chickens’ eggshells?
64. When did NSTA give the Angela Award to Gracie?
65. Why does Gracie want to go to Virginia Tech in the future?
七、(2015年黑河市中考卷)
Can dolphins talk ? They can’t talk with words, but they talk with sounds. They show their feelings with sounds.
Dolphins travel in a group. We call a group of fish a“schoo1”. They don't study, but they trave1 together Dolphins are mammals, not fish, but they swim together in a school.
Dolphins talk to the other dolphins in the school. They give information. They tell when they are happy or sad or afraid .They say “Welcome” when a dolphin comes back to the school. They talk when they play.
They make a few sounds above water They make many more sounds under water. People cannot hear these sounds because the sounds are very, very high. Scientists make tapes of the sounds and study them.
Sometimes people catch dolphins for a large aquarium. People can watch the dolplains in a show Dolphins don't like to be away from their school in an aquarium. They are sad.
There are many stories about dolphins. They help people. Sometimes they save somebody’s life. Dolphin meat is good, but people don't like to kill them. They say that dolphins bring good luck. Many people believe this.
Answer the following questions according to what you read.
76. Can dolphins talk with words? [来源:学科
77. What do we call a group of fish?
78. When do they say “Welcome”?
79. Do they make more sounds above water or under water? 【版权所有：21教育】
80. In fact, do dolphins really bring good luck? Why?21世纪教育网
八、（2015年安徽中考卷）
阅读下面短文，并用英语回答问题（请注意每小题后面的词数要求）
A mouse was surprised to discover that the farmer and his wife had a mousetrap（老鼠夹）in the house. It ran to warn everyone, “There is a mousetrap in the house!”
A hen raised his head and said, “Mr. Mouse, this mousetrap is only for you. I won’t be worried about it.” The mouse turned to a pig, “I am sorry, Mr. Mouse, but the mousetrap has nothing to do with me, either!” the pig said. Then the mouse turned to a cow, “It sounds like you have a problem, not me.” the cow said. The mouse returned to the house with head down and it was very sad because no one would help.
That night the farmer’s wife heard a loud sound and she rushed to see what was caught. In the darkness she could not see that it was a snake. The snake bit（咬）the farmer’s wife. The wife caught a bad fever and the farmer the best way to treat a fever was chicken soup. So the farmer killed the hen for the soup. The wife got worse and her friends came to visit her. The farmer had to kill the pig to feed them. But the wife didn’t get better and died. Her friends came and the farmer had to kill the cow to feed all of them.
So remember when any one of us is in trouble, we may all be in trouble.
88. Why was the mouse very sad? （不超过5个词）
89. What was caught by the mousetrap that night? （不超过5个词）
90. What can we learn from the story? （不超过15个词）
九、（2015年吉林长春中考卷）
根据短文内容回答后面的问题。Johnson lived in a certain part of London．Every morning, he woke up early and took an old bag to the subway station．He would take the subway to Central London．There he would collect scrap(废品)．He did this every single day．Johnson collected scrap for 20 years．His house was dirty, and a bad smell came out of the house．The neighbors could not stand the smell anymore, so they called the police officers to deal with the problem．The officers opened the door and cleared the house．They found some money in his house．The police soon knew that Johnson was not a truly poor man because he could live a normal life with the money．They decided to try to stop him collecting scrap．In the evening, the police found Johnson near his house．One of the officers told him that there was no need for him to collect scrap anymore．Johnson went back to his house without saying anything．The next morning he woke up as usual and continued collecting scrap．A couple of days later, the police knew that Johnson had to send much money to his old parents．They were badly ill for many years in a small village．Although they could get relief(救济金) from the government, Johnson refused．He believed he could make money by his own hands．After knowing the truth, the officers announced the fact to the neighbors．All of them understood and admired Johnson．Johnson had no great plans or dreams all his life．He won praise from others because he kept independence in his mind．The earlier people learn to be independent, the more meaningful life they will get．1．What did Johnson take to the subway station every morning?2．How long did Johnson collect scrap?3．Who called the police officers?4．When did the police find Johnson?5．Why could Johnson win praise from others?【版权所有：21教育】21·世纪*教育网
十、（2015年南通中考卷）
What do you when you begin to read an English newspaper？
You’d better know what sections are there．Usually，there is international news，business，science and technology，entertainment or lifestyle，sports and cartoons．You can choose your favorite section to read carefully．
Then，you come to the article itself．If you don’t have time to read the whole article，the headline（标题）and photo give you a general idea of the story．
Different kinds of articles
A news article includes body text and a photo with a short piece of text under it．It usually puts the most important information at the very beginning．If you don’t have much time to read the story，just have a look at the first paragraph．
A feature article is an in-depth（深度的）report on an event or person．It usually has an interesting opening．You get to know the idea of the article as you read．
Another kind of article is an opinion（评论）article．Usually，some famous people give their own opinions about an important issue in a fun way．Opinion is different from news stories that are all facts．
Be a critical（批判性的）reader
There are advertisements in newspapers．They can provide useful information about products，places，food or jobs．Remember that people make advertisements to sell you things．You don’t have to do everything advertisements tell you to do．You should be critical enough to judge which advertisements are useful and which are not．
请将答案写在答题卡上
76．How can you catch the general idea of an article in a short time？
77．Where is the most important information in a news article？
78．How many kinds of articles does the writer talk about in the passage？
79．What is the passage mainly about？
80．What do you usually do as a critical reader？（请自拟一句话作答）
摘录要点类
十一、（2015年广东汕尾市中考卷）
In classes, your teachers will talk about topic that you are studying. The information they provide will be important for you to know when you take tests. So you must be able to take good written notes from what your teachers say.
Here are the three stages (阶段)of taking notes and what you should do during each stage.
1. Before Class Review your notes you have taken before you come to class. This will be good for remembering what was covered. Get you ready to understand new information your teacher will provide.
2. During Class Keep your attention on what your teacher is saying and “the signal words” that tell you what your teacher is going to say and it is important to write in your notes. Examples of signal words are “the most important point…..” and “ remember that…….” Be sure to include in your notes information that your teacher repeats or writes on the blackboard. Write quickly so that you can include all the important information in your notes. Do this by writing abbreviations
(缩写) such as med for medicine, using symbols such as ％ for percent，and writing short sentences.21教育网
3. After Class Rewrite your notes to make them more complete and accurate(准确) by changing abbreviations into whole words, symbols into words, and shortened sentences into longer sentences. Use them to answer your questions. If necessary, ask your teacher for help.
Taking notes
The information that is provided by the teachers about studying 81 is useful for your tests, so it is necessary for you to learn to take good notes.
Before
Class
82 the notes you have taken to remember what was covered.
Prepare to understand new 83 .
During
Class
Listen to your teacher carefully
Be sure 84 the important points.
Write them down quickly.
After
Class
Make your notes more complete and accurate to answer your questions.
Ask for your 85 help.
十二、（2015年湖北黄冈中考卷）
Recently the students in our school all take part in sports. They fall into three groups.
The students who put much more stress on their study go to the
playground. They just want to go back to their classrooms with a clearer and quicker mind. Most of them choose long-distance running. So they can be well regarded as study-oriented ( 倾 向 的) sports participants (参加者).
The students in the second group are real sports lovers. They put aside their studies for a match. They join in the sport that interests them most. They may be called fun|oriented sports participants.
The students in the third group want beauty from sports. Boys want to become strong; girls want to be slim and graceful. They are very careful in choosing the kind of exercise they do, and are afraid that certain sports may influence their body shapes. They may be beauty-oriented sports participants.
Now, if you look around the school yard, you can’t find the bookworms ( 书 呆 子) any more, and instead, there are healthy, strong, clever and modernized students everywhere.
阅读上面短文，根据短文内容，完成表格中的信息。
Participants in our school
Groups
Which sport to choose
Why to do sports
Study|oriented sports
participants
68._________
They want to have a clearer
and quicker mind.
69.__________
Interesting sports
They want to put aside their
studies for a match.
Beauty-oriented sports
participants
The exercise that doesn’t
influence their body shapes
Boys want to become
strong; girls want to 70..
Result
The healthy, strong, clever and modernized students are
everywhere, and the bookworms 71..
十三、（2015年宁夏中考卷）
Facts about hot and cold places on the earth!
The Sahara Desert
The Sahara Desert in North Africa is one of the largest and hottest deserts in the world. In the summer the temperature during the day often reaches 40?Ｃ. The highest temperature ever was 58?Ｃ! It seldom rains in the Sahara, but there are storms ---sand storms!
The Sahara Desert is a very difficult place for humans to live. Only a few plants are able to grow in the dry climate. But there are many oases. An oasis is a place where plant and trees can grow because there is water. There are about 90 large oases in the Sahara, where people have built villages. Some animals are able to live in the desert, too. They can live for many days without water or food.【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
Antarctica (非洲)
Antarctica is a continent (州) which is under almost 2 kilometers of ice. The South Pole is in the Antarctica and is the most southern place on earth. It is always very cold. In the winter the temperature falls to -80?C! People have never lived there for long because it is too cold. There are scientist, but they only stay a few months.
In Antarctica animals and plants can’t live easily on the land, but the sea is full of creatures. Many different kinds of penguins (企鹅) and seals (海豹) live there all year. They spend most of their lives swimming in the freezing Antarctica water. The sea provides lots of food for them because it is full of fish and sea life. The largest seals in the world lives in Antarctica. They’re called elephant seals.
Facts about hot and cold places on the earth!
[来源:21世纪教育网]
hot
In the Sahara, villages can be built where there are large 81.__________.
The highest temperature in the Saharawas 82._______.
cold
Antarctica is 83.________ very thick ice all year round.
The most southern place on earth is called 84._______.
In Antarctica there are many 85._______ creatures such as fish.
十四、（2015年广东茂名中考卷）
Hello, my name is Kate. I have studied in a nursing school for three years. During my second month of the schoo1, our teacher gave us a small test. I answered the questions very quickly until I read the last one:“What is the first name of the woman who cleans the schoo1?” I thought this was some kind of joke. I had seen the cleaning woman a few times. She was tall, dark-haired and in her 50s, but how could I know her name? I handed in my paper, leaving the last question blank.. Before class ended, one student asked if the last question would count toward our grade. “Of course,” said the teacher, “As a nurse, you will meet many people. You should care all of them, even if al1 you do is just to smile and say ‘he11o’.” I've never forgotten that lesson. Later I learned her name was Dorothy.
An unforgettable lesson
Kate would never forget a small test when she studied in a nursing school. In the test, she found the last(86)_ surprising. The question was “What is the first name of the cleaning woman in the school?” Kate thought it must be a (87) _ . So she finished all the questions(88)_ the last one. .However, later she found that she was completely(89)_ . Her teacher said tha the last question was not a joke. He told his students that it was necessary for a nurse to care about(90)_ person they met.
十五、（2015年江苏泰州市）
A good book can teach you things beyond your class. It can openyour eyes and clear your minds. If you want to get into a good readinghabit, there are a number of ways to develop it.[来源:21世纪教育网]
Plan your time
You should give yourself at least thirty minutes in all for reading every day. When time is set, nothing can change it. For example, make it a habit to read during breakfast or lunch time.
Always carry a book
Wherever you go, take a book with you. When you leave the house, make sure that you
always carry a good book as well as your school things. Remember that a book always stays with you.2-1-c-n-j-y
Find a quiet place
Find a place in your home where you can sit in a comfortable chair. When you read a book, no one will trouble you. There should be no television, computer, music or even noisy family members around you.
Have a library day
Have a library card, and you read as many good books as possible in the library. Make it
weekly trip to the library, you can save a lot of money
Blog it
One of the best ways to develop a good reading habit is to put it on your blog（博客）．If you don't have one, create one. It's free. Ask your friends and family to go there to share your ideas and offer you suggestions.
补全阅读类
十六、(2015年江西中考卷)
请先阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后根据短文内容从下面方框内的七个选项中选择五个还原到文中，使短文意思通顺、结构完整，并在答题卷上将其序号涂黑。（每小题2分）
Hip-hop Planet
76 Countrieslike France, Brazil and even Japan have their own hip-hop culture. But where did this strange speaking-singing style come from? Many centuries ago, in West Africa, traditional storytellers played musical instruments while they were telling stories. When this tradition travelled from West Africa to the USA, it developed into different musical styles. For example, blues and jazz. 77 And in the 1970s, there were many poor areas in New York. There wasn’t any money for music lessons in schools, so kids made their own music. Teenagers Afrika and DJ Here played their records outside in the streets. Everybody joined in. MCs had rapping（说唱） competitions. Every week, there were talented new dancers, new DJs and new MCs. Hip-hop culture was born.
78 It was 1980. I was at a party in New York. There was a young DJ at the party. He was playing records. While he was putting a record on, a kid picked up a microphone（话筒） and begantapping. Some other kids were break-dancing to the music. It was loud and boring, and I
hated it. I preferred jazz.
79 Today’s successful American artists like Missy and her friend Tim heard it on the radio when they were growing up.
The last time I heard hip-hop, I was in West Africa. 80 I was going to interview a traditional storyteller when I met a young hip-hop artist, He told me there are hundreds of rap groups in Africa today. We live on a hip-hop planet.
I remember the first time I heard hip-hop.
You can find hip-hop everywhere you go.
I was writing a book about African-Americans.
Many Americans gave music lessons to poor children.
These styles all started in poor African-American areas.
During the 1980s, hip-hop becam