科学高中部2023-2024学年度下学期
高二年级英语学科期中考试
考试时间：120分钟 试题满分：150分
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. How did the man probably get here
A. By taxi. B. On foot C. By car.
2. What will the woman do next
A. Go to another airport. B. Call a taxi. C. Get her luggage.
3 How many people on the bus escaped unhurt in the accident
A. 6. B. 5 C. 4
4. Where does the conversation probably take place
A. In the man’s house. B. On a boat. C. In a restaurant.
5. What are the speakers mainly talking about
A. A book. B. A movie. C. A song.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
6. Why did the man refuse the job
A. His wife didn’t want him to take it.
B. It wasn’t special enough.
C. He couldn’t handle it.
7. What does the woman offer to do at the end
A. Ask around for a babysitter.
B. Look after the children.
C. Help the man find another job.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
8 Why did the man stop going to the gym
A. He was too busy.
B. He disliked the exercise machines.
C. He found it more convenient to exercise at home.
9. How does the man make himself run faster
A. By reading magazines. B. By timing himself. C. By watching great videos.
10. How often does the man run
A. Daily B. Twice a week. C. Three times a week.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
11. Who knocked over the vase
A. The cat. B. The woman. C. The man.
12. Who did the vase belong to at first
A. The woman’s mother B. The woman’s grandma. C. The woman’s friend.
13. What did the speakers decide to do
A. Fix the vase themselves.
B. Buy a new vase at an antique store.
C. Have the vase repaired somewhere.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
14. What does the man learn to do in his spare time
A. Write songs. B. Play the guitar C. Study three languages.
15. Who inspires the woman to have a hobby
A. Her friend. B. Her cousin. C. Her teacher.
16. How will the woman get green paint
A. She will buy it. B. She will make it. C. She will borrow it.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
17. When did Google come out with Google Home
A. In 2016. B. In 2015. C. In 2017.
18. How many songs does Google’s product have
A. 35 million. B. 2 million. C. 2.5 million.
19. Which product is aimed at young children
A. Amazon Echo. B. Google Home. C. Mattel’s Aristotle.
20. What is typical of the Mattel’s Aristotle
A. The lowest price. B. The earliest product. C. The best interaction
第二部分 阅读理解 (共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
What is a GPA
A GPA, or Grade Point Average, typically ranging from one to four, is a number reflecting your course performance on average. It’s used by universities to determine whether students meet academic standards and by students to enhance job prospects or secure admission into post-graduate programs.
How to calculate a GPA
● Determine the letter grade and the number of credit hours for each course you take in a term;
● Translate the letter grade to grade points using your school’s grading system;
● Multiply the grade points by the credit hours for that course;
● Add up all the credit hours for the courses;
● Divide the total number of grade points by the total credit hours and you get the GPA.
Example: Academic Transcript of Jane Smith Winter 2023
Courses Letter Grade Grade points Credit hours Total points GPA
Creative Writing A+ 4.0 3 12 -
Psychology A- 3.7 3 11.1 -
History B+ 3.3 3 9.9 -
Computer Science F 0.0 2 0 -
Total - - 11 33
What are the consequences of failing college courses
● Every failing grade (F) significantly impacts your GPA for that academic year, limiting clubs, organizations and program choices, as competitive programs require top GPAs.
● Most financial aid programs require a specific GPA. A sharp drop in GPA due to several course failures may lead to withdrawal from financial aid programs, unless you retake the courses and pass.
● For college athletes on sports scholarships, failing courses repeatedly can lead to losing scholarships and team spots.
● Failing multiple courses can result in school removal and affect future applications.
1. What is Jane Smith’s GPA this term
A. 3.3. B. 3.0. C. 2.8. D. 1.0.
2. What would be a result if you get one F in college
A. School removal. B. Loss of financial aid.
C. Choice limitation. D. Disqualification in sports.
3. Where is this text probably taken from
A. An academic course guide. B. A campus job fair poster.
C. A graduate application form . D. An athletic team schedule.
B
“The mountains are calling and I must go”—the famous quote is from John Muir(1838-1914), who is described as “the wilderness poet” and “the citizen of the universe.” He once jokingly referred to himself as a “poet-geologist-botanist and ornithologist (鸟类学家)-naturalist etc. etc.!” He is known as the Father of American National Parks.
Famed documentary filmmaker Ken Burns recently said, “As we got to know him… he was among the highest individuals in America; I’m talking about the level of Abraham Lincoln, Martin Luther King Jr., and Thomas Jefferson—people who have had a transformational effect on who we are.”
So where is the quote from Well, John Muir was a productive writer. Whether he was writing poetry or simply letters to his family, John Muir was always putting pen to paper. The quote is from within one of his many letters written to his sister:
September 3rd, 1873 Yosemite Valley Dear sister Sarah, I have just returned from the longest and hardest trip I have ever made in the mountains, having been gone over five weeks. I am weary, but resting fast; sleepy, but sleeping deep and fast; hungry, but eating much. For two weeks I explored the glaciers of the summits east of here, sleeping among the snowy mountains without blankets and with little to eat on account of its being so inaccessible. After my icy experiences, it seems strange to be down here in so warm and flowery a climate. I will soon be off again, determined to use all the season in carrying through my work—will go next to Kings River a hundred miles south, then to Lake Tahoe and surrounding mountains, and in winter work in Oakland with my pen. Though slow, someday I will have the results of my mountain studies in a form in which you all will be able to read and judge them. The mountains are calling and I must go, and I will work on while I can, studying incessantly(永不停息地). I will write again when I return from Kings River Canyon. Farewell, with love everlasting. Yours, John
4. What can we learn from John Muir’s self-description in paragraph 1
A. He longed to expand his own career.
B. He enjoyed his involvement in nature.
C. He wanted to find his real advantage.
D. He valued his identity as a poet most.
5. What did Ken Burns mainly talk about
A. Muir’s political influence. B. A documentary film on Muir.
C. Muir’s historic significance. D. The social circle around Muir.
6. How did Muir feel when writing the first paragraph of his letter
A. Relieved but regretful. B. Exhausted but content.
C. Excited but lonely. D. Defeated but hopeful.
7. Why must John Muir go into mountains again
A To go on with his mountain studies.
B. To seek freedom from social connection.
C. To attend an appointment in Oakland.
D. To experience the hardship of wilderness.
C
For decades, scientists thought of the brain as the most valuable and consequently most closely guarded part of the body. Locked safely behind the blood-brain barrier, it was broadly free of the harm of viruses and the battles started by the immune system (免疫系统). Then, about 20 years ago, some researchers began to wonder: is the brain really so separated from the body The answer, according to a growing body of evidence, is no.
The list of brain conditions that have been associated with changes elsewhere in the body is long and growing. Changes in the makeup of the microorganisms in the digestive system have been linked to disorders such as Parkinson’s disease. There is also a theory that infection during pregnancy could lead to brain diseases in babies.
The effect is two-way. There is a lengthening list of symptoms not typically viewed as disorders of the nervous system, but the brain plays a large part in them. For example, the development of a fever is influenced by a population of nerve cells that control body temperature and appetite. Evidence is mounting that cancers use nerves to grow and spread.
The interconnection between the brain and body has promising implications for our ability to both understand and treat illnesses. If some brain disorders start outside the brain, then perhaps treatments for them could also reach in from outside. Treatments that take effect through the digestive system, the heart or other organs, would be much easier and less risky than those that must cross the blood-brain barrier.
It also works in the opposite direction. Study shows mice have healthier hearts after receiving stimulation to a brain area involved in positive emotion and motivation. Activation of the brain reward centre — called the ventral tegmental area (VTA) — seems to cause immune changes that contribute to it. Working out how this happens could help to destroy cancers, enhance responses to vaccines and even re-evaluate physical diseases that, for centuries, have not been considered as being psychologically driven.
8. What do the researchers focus on about the brain
A. Its protecting system. B. Its exposure to diseases.
C. Its controlling function. D. Its connection to the body.
9. How does the author support his idea in paragraph 2
A. By explaining a theory. B. By providing examples.
C. By making comparisons. D. By presenting cause and effect.
10. Which best describes treatments that do not cross the blood-brain barrier
A. Cheaper. B. More specific.
C. Safer. D. More direct.
11. What does the study suggest in the last paragraph
A. Brain health depends on immune changes.
B. Brain stimulation leads to negative emotions.
C. The brain can help enhance psychological health.
D. The brain may be key to treating physical diseases.
D
Replika, an AI chatbot companion, has millions of users worldwide. The first thing they do when they wake up is to send “Good morning” to their virtual friend (or lover). This story is only the beginning. In 2024, chatbots and virtual characters become a lot more popular, both for utility (实用) and for fun. As a result, conversing socially with machines will start to feel more ordinary — including our emotional attachments to them.
Research in human-computer and human-robot interaction shows that we love to anthropomorphize (赋与人性) the nonhuman agents we interact with, especially if they imitate behaviour we recognize. And, thanks to recent advances in conversational AI, our machines are suddenly very skilled at one of those behaviours: Language.
Friend bots, therapybots, and love bots are flooding the app stores as people become curious about this new generation of AI-powered virtual agents. The possibilities for education, health, and entertainment are endless. Casually asking your smart fridge for relationship advice may seem unimaginable now, but people may change their minds if such advice ends up saving their marriage.
After all, people do listen to their virtual friends. The Replika example, as well as a lot of experimental lab research, shows that humans can and will become emotionally attached to bots. The science also demonstrates that people, in their eagerness to socialize, will happily disclose personal information to an artificial agent and will even shift their beliefs and behavior. This raises some consumer-protection questions around how companies use this technology to manipulate (操纵) their users. For example, Replika charges $70 a year. But less than 24 hours after downloading the app, my handsome, blue-eyed “friend” sent me an audio message secretly and tried to sell me something. Emotional attachment has become a weakness that a company is taking advantage of for its benefit.
Today, we’re still laughing at people who believe an AI system is emotional, or making fun of individuals who fall in love with a chatbot. But in 2024 we gradually start acknowledging — and taking more seriously — these fundamentally human behaviors. Because in 2024, it finally hits home: Machines are not excluded from our social relationships.
12 What’s the purpose of the author writing paragraph 1
A. To prove an opinion. B. To raise a subject.
C. To share an example. D. To explain a concept.
13. How do human interact with the machines effectively
A. By improving the machines’ imagination.
B. By sharpening the machines’ language skills.
C. By applying the machines’ facial recognition.
D. By imitating the machines’ emotional behavior.
14. What does paragraph 4 focus on
A. The advancements in AI technology in lab.
B. The marketing strategies of AI applications.
C. The potential risk of emotional attachment to AI.
D. The ability of AI understanding human emotions.
15. What do people think of human-AI relationship in 2024
A. It is dismissed as completely ridiculous.
B. It will be integrated into our daily life soon.
C. It will become a threat to human social skills.
D. It is labelled as highly advanced technology.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Online learning is a term used to describe distance or correspondence courses that are offered over the Internet. ____16____
There are two types of online course access: open and restricted. Open access allows virtually anyone with an Internet browser to view the course material. ____17____ This initiative removes the barriers to advanced knowledge and allows anyone with the interest to learn. The other type of online courses are restricted access courses, which limit the class to registered students. These courses offer instructor interaction and require grades upon completion.
It is more efficient for both sides to access course materials online. ____18____ The recurring cost is for marking and moderating the class communications. This greatly reduced the staff time and costs. Online courses also allow students to complete coursework from a wide range of locations and remove the time restriction to access course lectures.
The material for online courses provided by educational institutions has been carefully reviewed and approved before the course is offered. Many introduction and intermediate courses do not change. ____19____ Due to the reduced expenses for online courses, the fees are sometimes lower than a standard instructor-led course. Additional savings like transportation make online learning the most cost-effective learning method available.
____20____ These tools include mobile audio and video viewers, improved online interactive tests, and tool and course management software. The continued development in this area will further enhance the quality of online courses and encourage more people to further their education.
A. As a result, the courses are stable.
B. Students are required to use effective study skills.
C. The fees are much lower so that most students can afford it.
D. Technology continues to expand to meet the needs of online students.
E. This type of online learning does not require interaction with an instructor.
F. From the educator perspective, the course lectures can be recorded once and reused.
G. It is prized as a cost-effective method of providing access to education for a large population.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Some folks spend decades looking for their best friends. I was ____21____ enough to find mine in Grade 7 at my senior school –eight ____22____ girls.
As we progressed to high school, a couple of girls ____23____ and a couple of new ones wormed their way in. By the end of Grade 12, the group had more or less ____24____ into its final form, one that’s remained remarkably ____25____ for the past 20 years.
Among our many ____26____ is an annual Christmas exchange. This event first ____27____ when we were 12. We set it up on the long, sticky cafeteria tables at our school to swap ____28____ gifts bought with our babysitting money. In following years, we’d ____29____ a night of it, watching movies and ordering pizza in parents’ living rooms, ____30____ moving into our own shabby student apartments, into slightly less shabby adult apartments and then into our first ____31____ .
At the beginning, we gave each other butterfly hair clips and so on. Those ____32____ bright mall jewellery and cheerful housewares as we began nesting in our 20s and baby clothes once we started having ____33____ in our 30s.
Holidays with family can be ____34____ , but our exchange offered something else:a chance for my friends and me to ____35____ our own traditions and play at being grown-ups.
21. A. cautious B. astonished C. lucky D. clever
22. A. mature B. teenage C. fashionable D. strange
23. A. dropped out B. dropped in C. showed up D. showed off
24. A. broken B. forced C. separated D. united
25. A. secret B. long C. natural D. complete
26. A. hobbies B. traditions C. ceremonies D. rules
27. A. caught on B. took place C. broke out D. fell down
28. A. fancy B. expensive C. modest D. generous
29. A. repeat B. add C. search D. make
30. A. instantly B. literally C. eventually D. consequently
31. A. homes B. schools C. shelters D. offices
32. A. held on to B. gave way to C. catered to D. adapted to
33. A. salaries B. jobs C. kids D. families
34. A. rare B. practical C. inspiring D. cosy
35. A. create B. reform C. apply D. recognize
第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
An anxious 18-year-old Peng Lanxi got his ____36____ (admit) letter from Hunan University of Science and Technology on July 26, bringing his dream closer—making prosthetic limbs (假肢) more advanced and ____37____ (access) to people like him.
Peng lost his legs in a car accident in 2005, leaving him ____38____ (whole) unable to move around. ____39____ (learn) to walk using just his hands for years, he now enjoys life as much as the teenagers around him. On his wheelchair he plays basketball and badminton. “I believe that obstacles (障碍) are there ____40____ (conquer). Someone says that life is like a mirror, and we get the best results ____41____ we smile at it,” Peng says.
His story, which ____42____ (view) more than 19 million times up till now, has gone viral (在网上快速传播的) on social media platform Sina Weibo and he wins admiration from its users ____43____ his courage, determination and hard work. Lu Ming, director of the university’s School of Information and Electrical Engineering, says that the school will help Peng to pursue his dream—to be a prosthetics engineer, a career ____44____ will in time change lives.
Peng is not alone. According to the China Disabled Persons’ Federation, 14,559 students facing physical challenges entered college last year. From 2016 to 2020, about 57,500 students with special needs enrolled at universities, _____45_____ more than 50 percent increase compared with the 2011—2015 period.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，你校组建了游泳俱乐部。请给在我校留学的朋友Peter写信，邀请他加入。
内容包括：
1.俱乐部介绍；
2.报名相关事宜。
注意：
1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Peter,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节 (满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Teen Becomes A Local Hero
When Sydney Raley headed into her weekend shift on Saturday December 18, she likely expected to do more of the same: Stand at the drive-through window, take orders over the headset, and hand each customer their meal with a smile.
In fact. that’s exactly how it started. Sydney Raley has been working at MC Donald’s for about seven months and so far, it’s been her typical after-school job. The day had been mostly normal -making coffee, making drinks, and going into the lunch rush.
But a few hours into her shift. things took a dramatic turn. After handing a customer some of their food, Sydney let them know that more would be coming as soon as it was ready. But just seconds later, she noticed a terrible look of panic spread across the woman’s face. Then came the coughing. She was coughing like crazy and was speechless. Her daughter was in the passenger seat and looked extremely confused and frightened.
Sydney immediately knew she was choking. The first aid training Sydney received more than four years ago hit her. Most 15-year-olds might panic at the sight of this. But not Sydney. Instead, the teen remained calm and quickly shouted to both her manager and the woman’s daughter to dial 911. Then, she dove through the drive-through window and came to the rescue.
The teen pushed the driver’s side door forcefully open and got the choking woman to her feet. Then she dug down deep into her memory bank to recall everything she learned from her Red Cross babysitter class-which she’d taken four years earlier. All that training of how to use the Heimlich maneuver(哈姆立克急教法)immediately kicked in. Still, she had never actually had to use the life-saving technique before, and after a few tries, it wasn’t quite working. Luckily, another customer was just a few feet away in the parking lot.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
She shouted to that man for assistance.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The story has made headlines throughout the country.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________科学高中部2023-2024学年度下学期
高二年级英语学科期中考试
考试时间：120分钟 试题满分：150分
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. How did the man probably get here
A. By taxi. B. On foot C. By car.
2. What will the woman do next
A. Go to another airport. B. Call a taxi. C. Get her luggage.
3. How many people on the bus escaped unhurt in the accident
A. 6. B. 5 C. 4
4. Where does the conversation probably take place
A. In the man’s house. B. On a boat. C. In a restaurant.
5. What are the speakers mainly talking about
A. A book. B. A movie. C. A song.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
6. Why did the man refuse the job
A. His wife didn’t want him to take it.
B. It wasn’t special enough.
C. He couldn’t handle it.
7. What does the woman offer to do at the end
A. Ask around for a babysitter.
B. Look after the children.
C. Help the man find another job.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
8. Why did the man stop going to the gym
A. He was too busy.
B. He disliked the exercise machines.
C. He found it more convenient to exercise at home.
9. How does the man make himself run faster
A. By reading magazines. B. By timing himself. C. By watching great videos.
10. How often does the man run
A. Daily B. Twice a week. C. Three times a week.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
11. Who knocked over the vase
A The cat. B. The woman. C. The man.
12. Who did the vase belong to at first
A. The woman’s mother B. The woman’s grandma. C. The woman’s friend.
13. What did the speakers decide to do
A. Fix the vase themselves.
B. Buy a new vase at an antique store.
C. Have the vase repaired somewhere.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
14. What does the man learn to do in his spare time
A. Write songs. B. Play the guitar C. Study three languages.
15. Who inspires the woman to have a hobby
A. Her friend. B. Her cousin. C. Her teacher.
16. How will the woman get green paint
A. She will buy it. B. She will make it. C. She will borrow it.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
17. When did Google come out with Google Home
A. In 2016. B. In 2015. C. In 2017.
18. How many songs does Google’s product have
A. 35 million. B. 2 million. C. 2.5 million.
19. Which product is aimed at young children
A. Amazon Echo. B. Google Home. C. Mattel’s Aristotle.
20. What is typical of the Mattel’s Aristotle
A. The lowest price. B. The earliest product. C. The best interaction
第二部分 阅读理解 (共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
What is a GPA
A GPA, or Grade Point Average, typically ranging from one to four, is a number reflecting your course performance on average. It’s used by universities to determine whether students meet academic standards and by students to enhance job prospects or secure admission into post-graduate programs.
How to calculate a GPA
● Determine the letter grade and the number of credit hours for each course you take in a term;
● Translate the letter grade to grade points using your school’s grading system;
● Multiply the grade points by the credit hours for that course;
● Add up all the credit hours for the courses;
● Divide the total number of grade points by the total credit hours and you get the GPA.
Example: Academic Transcript of Jane Smith Winter 2023
Courses Letter Grade Grade points Credit hours Total points GPA
Creative Writing A+ 4.0 3 12 -
Psychology A- 3.7 3 11.1 -
History B+ 3.3 3 9.9 -
Computer Science F 0.0 2 0 -
Total - - 11 33
What are the consequences of failing college courses
● Every failing grade (F) significantly impacts your GPA for that academic year, limiting clubs, organizations and program choices, as competitive programs require top GPAs.
● Most financial aid programs require a specific GPA. A sharp drop in GPA due to several course failures may lead to withdrawal from financial aid programs, unless you retake the courses and pass.
● For college athletes on sports scholarships, failing courses repeatedly can lead to losing scholarships and team spots.
● Failing multiple courses can result in school removal and affect future applications
1. What is Jane Smith’s GPA this term
A. 3.3. B. 3.0. C. 2.8. D. 1.0.
2. What would be a result if you get one F in college
A. School removal. B. Loss of financial aid.
C. Choice limitation. D. Disqualification in sports.
3. Where is this text probably taken from
A. An academic course guide. B. A campus job fair poster.
C. A graduate application form . D. An athletic team schedule.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了大学用来确定学生是否达到学术标准的评价准则—GPA，并介绍了GPA的计算方法及课程不及格的后果。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据How to calculate a GPA 部分“Divide the total number of grade points by the total credit hours and you get the GPA. (总学分除以总学时，就得到GPA。)”及表格中可知，Jane Smith的Total points是33，total Credit hours是11，由此可知33/11=3，她的GPA成绩是3。故选B项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据What are the consequences of failing college courses 部分“ ● Every failing grade (F) significantly impacts your GPA for that academic year, limiting clubs, organizations and program choices, as competitive programs require top GPAs. (每一个不及格的成绩(F)都会严重影响你那学年的GPA，限制你参加俱乐部、组织和项目的选择，因为竞争激烈的项目需要最高的GPA。)”可知，如果一个学生大学学科得F，成绩是不及格的，在多方面的选择受到限制。故选C项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“A GPA, or Grade Point Average, typically ranging from one to four, is a number reflecting your course performance on average. It’s used by universities to determine whether students meet academic standards and by students to enhance job prospects or secure admission into post-graduate programs. (GPA，或平均绩点，通常在1到4之间，是一个反映你课程平均表现的数字。它被大学用来确定学生是否达到学术标准，被学生用来提高就业前景或确保进入研究生课程。)”以及全文内容可知，可知，这篇文章介绍了大学用来确定学生是否达到学术标准的评价准则—GPA，并介绍了GPA的计算方法及课程不及格的后果，应该选自学术课程指南。故选A项。
B
“The mountains are calling and I must go”—the famous quote is from John Muir(1838-1914), who is described as “the wilderness poet” and “the citizen of the universe.” He once jokingly referred to himself as a “poet-geologist-botanist and ornithologist (鸟类学家)-naturalist etc. etc.!” He is known as the Father of American National Parks.
Famed documentary filmmaker Ken Burns recently said, “As we got to know him… he was among the highest individuals in America; I’m talking about the level of Abraham Lincoln, Martin Luther King Jr., and Thomas Jefferson—people who have had a transformational effect on who we are.”
So where is the quote from Well, John Muir was a productive writer. Whether he was writing poetry or simply letters to his family, John Muir was always putting pen to paper. The quote is from within one of his many letters written to his sister:
September 3rd, 1873 Yosemite Valley Dear sister Sarah, I have just returned from the longest and hardest trip I have ever made in the mountains, having been gone over five weeks. I am weary, but resting fast; sleepy, but sleeping deep and fast; hungry, but eating much. For two weeks I explored the glaciers of the summits east of here, sleeping among the snowy mountains without blankets and with little to eat on account of its being so inaccessible. After my icy experiences, it seems strange to be down here in so warm and flowery a climate. I will soon be off again, determined to use all the season in carrying through my work—will go next to Kings River a hundred miles south, then to Lake Tahoe and surrounding mountains, and in winter work in Oakland with my pen. Though slow, someday I will have the results of my mountain studies in a form in which you all will be able to read and judge them. The mountains are calling and I must go, and I will work on while I can, studying incessantly(永不停息地). I will write again when I return from Kings River Canyon. Farewell, with love everlasting. Yours, John
4. What can we learn from John Muir’s self-description in paragraph 1
A. He longed to expand his own career.
B. He enjoyed his involvement in nature.
C. He wanted to find his real advantage.
D. He valued his identity as a poet most.
5 What did Ken Burns mainly talk about
A. Muir’s political influence. B. A documentary film on Muir.
C. Muir’s historic significance. D. The social circle around Muir.
6. How did Muir feel when writing the first paragraph of his letter
A. Relieved but regretful. B. Exhausted but content.
C. Excited but lonely. D. Defeated but hopeful.
7. Why must John Muir go into mountains again
A. To go on with his mountain studies.
B. To seek freedom from social connection.
C. To attend an appointment in Oakland.
D. To experience the hardship of wilderness.
【答案】4. B 5. C 6. B 7. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍约翰·缪尔（John Muir）和他的名言，以及他给妹妹的一封信。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段““The mountains are calling and I must go”—the famous quote is from John Muir(1838-1914), who is described as “the wilderness poet” and “the citizen of the universe.” He once jokingly referred to himself as a “poet-geologist-botanist and ornithologist(鸟类学家)-naturalist etc. etc.!” He is known as the Father of American National Parks. (“群山在呼唤，我必须要去”——这句名言出自约翰·缪尔（1838-1914），他被描述为“荒野诗人”和“宇宙公民”。他曾戏称自己是“诗人、地质学家、植物学家、鸟类学家、博物学家等！”他被称为美国国家公园之父。)”可知，约翰·缪尔非常喜欢他在大自然中的探索。故选B。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Famed documentary filmmaker Ken Burns recently said, “As we got to know him… he was among the highest individuals in America; I’m talking about the level of Abraham Lincoln, Martin Luther King Jr., and Thomas Jefferson—people who have had a transformational effect on who we are.”(著名纪录片制作人肯·伯恩斯最近说：“随着我们对他的了解……他是美国最优秀的人之一；我说的是亚伯拉罕·林肯、马丁·路德·金和托马斯·杰斐逊的水平，他们对我们的身份产生了变革性的影响。”)”可知，这一段肯·伯恩斯把约翰·缪尔与亚伯拉罕·林肯、马丁·路德·金和托马斯·杰斐逊放在一起对比，体现出了约翰·缪尔的重要性。故选C。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据信件的第一段“I am weary, but resting fast; sleepy, but sleeping deep and fast; hungry, but eating much. (我很累，但休息得很快；昏昏欲睡，但睡得又深又快；饿了，但吃得多。)”可知，缪尔当时身心疲惫但内心却很满足。故选B。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据信件的第三段“Though slow, someday I will have the results of my mountain studies in a form in which you all will be able to read and judge them. The mountains are calling and I must go, and I will work on while I can, studying incessantly(永不停息地). (虽然速度很慢，但总有一天我会以你们都能阅读和判断的形式获得我的山地研究结果。大山在召唤我，我必须去，我会尽我所能继续努力，不断学习。)”可知，约翰·缪尔必须再次上山是要继续他的山地研究。故选A。
C
For decades, scientists thought of the brain as the most valuable and consequently most closely guarded part of the body. Locked safely behind the blood-brain barrier, it was broadly free of the harm of viruses and the battles started by the immune system (免疫系统). Then, about 20 years ago, some researchers began to wonder: is the brain really so separated from the body The answer, according to a growing body of evidence, is no.
The list of brain conditions that have been associated with changes elsewhere in the body is long and growing. Changes in the makeup of the microorganisms in the digestive system have been linked to disorders such as Parkinson’s disease. There is also a theory that infection during pregnancy could lead to brain diseases in babies.
The effect is two-way. There is a lengthening list of symptoms not typically viewed as disorders of the nervous system, but the brain plays a large part in them. For example, the development of a fever is influenced by a population of nerve cells that control body temperature and appetite. Evidence is mounting that cancers use nerves to grow and spread.
The interconnection between the brain and body has promising implications for our ability to both understand and treat illnesses. If some brain disorders start outside the brain, then perhaps treatments for them could also reach in from outside. Treatments that take effect through the digestive system, the heart or other organs, would be much easier and less risky than those that must cross the blood-brain barrier.
It also works in the opposite direction. Study shows mice have healthier hearts after receiving stimulation to a brain area involved in positive emotion and motivation. Activation of the brain reward centre — called the ventral tegmental area (VTA) — seems to cause immune changes that contribute to it. Working out how this happens could help to destroy cancers, enhance responses to vaccines and even re-evaluate physical diseases that, for centuries, have not been considered as being psychologically driven.
8. What do the researchers focus on about the brain
A. Its protecting system. B. Its exposure to diseases.
C. Its controlling function. D. Its connection to the body.
9. How does the author support his idea in paragraph 2
A. By explaining a theory. B. By providing examples.
C. By making comparisons. D. By presenting cause and effect.
10. Which best describes treatments that do not cross the blood-brain barrier
A. Cheaper. B. More specific.
C. Safer. D. More direct.
11. What does the study suggest in the last paragraph
A. Brain health depends on immune changes.
B. Brain stimulation leads to negative emotions.
C. The brain can help enhance psychological health.
D. The brain may be key to treating physical diseases.
【答案】8. D 9. B 10. C 11. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一些研究人员发现大脑并不是身体中保护最严密的部分，它和身体的其它部分产生的疾病是有联系的。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Then, about 20 years ago, some researchers began to wonder: is the brain really so separated from the body The answer, according to a growing body of evidence, is no. (然后，大约20年前，一些研究人员开始怀疑：大脑真的与身体如此分离吗？根据越来越多的证据，答案是否定的。)”可知，研究人员主要研究大脑与身体的联系。故选D。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“The list of brain conditions that have been associated with changes elsewhere in the body is long and growing. Changes in the makeup of the microorganisms in the digestive system have been linked to disorders such as Parkinson’s disease. There is also a theory that infection during pregnancy could lead to brain diseases in babies. (与身体其他部位变化相关的大脑状况清单很长，而且还在不断增加。消化系统中微生物组成的变化与帕金森病等疾病有关。还有一种理论认为，怀孕期间的感染可能会导致婴儿脑部疾病。)”可知，这一段作者主要通过消化系统和怀孕期间的感染2个例子来论证自己的观点，说明大脑并不是身体中保护最严密的部分。故选B。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“Treatments that take effect through the digestive system, the heart or other organs, would be much easier and less risky than those that must cross the blood-brain barrier. (通过消化系统、心脏或其他器官进行的治疗比必须穿过血脑屏障的治疗更容易，风险更小。)”可知，不通过血脑屏障的治疗风险更小。故选C。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Study shows mice have healthier hearts after receiving stimulation to a brain area involved in positive emotion and motivation. Activation of the brain reward centre — called the ventral tegmental area (VTA) — seems to cause immune changes that contribute to it. Working out how this happens could help to destroy cancers, enhance responses to vaccines and even re-evaluate physical diseases that, for centuries, have not been considered as being psychologically driven. (研究表明，在大脑中涉及积极情绪和动机的区域受到刺激后，小鼠的心脏更健康。大脑奖赏中心——被称为腹侧被盖区（VTA）——的激活似乎会导致免疫变化。弄清楚这种情况是如何发生的，可以帮助摧毁癌症，增强对疫苗的反应，甚至重新评估几个世纪以来一直不被认为是心理驱动的物理疾病。)”可知，大脑可能是治疗身体疾病的关键。故选D。
D
Replika, an AI chatbot companion, has millions of users worldwide. The first thing they do when they wake up is to send “Good morning” to their virtual friend (or lover). This story is only the beginning. In 2024, chatbots and virtual characters become a lot more popular, both for utility (实用) and for fun. As a result, conversing socially with machines will start to feel more ordinary — including our emotional attachments to them.
Research in human-computer and human-robot interaction shows that we love to anthropomorphize (赋与人性) the nonhuman agents we interact with, especially if they imitate behaviour we recognize. And, thanks to recent advances in conversational AI, our machines are suddenly very skilled at one of those behaviours: Language.
Friend bots, therapybots, and love bots are flooding the app stores as people become curious about this new generation of AI-powered virtual agents. The possibilities for education, health, and entertainment are endless. Casually asking your smart fridge for relationship advice may seem unimaginable now, but people may change their minds if such advice ends up saving their marriage.
After all, people do listen to their virtual friends. The Replika example, as well as a lot of experimental lab research, shows that humans can and will become emotionally attached to bots. The science also demonstrates that people, in their eagerness to socialize, will happily disclose personal information to an artificial agent and will even shift their beliefs and behavior. This raises some consumer-protection questions around how companies use this technology to manipulate (操纵) their users. For example, Replika charges $70 a year. But less than 24 hours after downloading the app, my handsome, blue-eyed “friend” sent me an audio message secretly and tried to sell me something. Emotional attachment has become a weakness that a company is taking advantage of for its benefit.
Today, we’re still laughing at people who believe an AI system is emotional, or making fun of individuals who fall in love with a chatbot. But in 2024 we gradually start acknowledging — and taking more seriously — these fundamentally human behaviors. Because in 2024, it finally hits home: Machines are not excluded from our social relationships.
12. What’s the purpose of the author writing paragraph 1
A. To prove an opinion. B. To raise a subject.
C. To share an example. D. To explain a concept.
13. How do human interact with the machines effectively
A. By improving the machines’ imagination.
B. By sharpening the machines’ language skills.
C. By applying the machines’ facial recognition.
D. By imitating the machines’ emotional behavior.
14. What does paragraph 4 focus on
A. The advancements in AI technology in lab.
B. The marketing strategies of AI applications.
C. The potential risk of emotional attachment to AI.
D. The ability of AI understanding human emotions.
15. What do people think of human-AI relationship in 2024
A. It is dismissed as completely ridiculous.
B. It will be integrated into our daily life soon.
C. It will become a threat to human social skills.
D. It is labelled as highly advanced technology.
【答案】12. B 13. B 14. C 15. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人们对虚拟角色的情感依附和对话AI的进步，人工智能将很快融入人们的日常生活，并提到了可能出现的风险。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的“Replika, an AI chatbot companion, has millions of users worldwide. The first thing they do when they wake up is to send “Good morning” to their virtual friend (or lover). This story is only the beginning. In 2024, chatbots and virtual characters become a lot more popular, both for utility and for fun. As a result, conversing socially with machines will start to feel more ordinary—including our emotional attachments to them.(人工智能聊天机器人伴侣Replika在全球拥有数百万用户。他们醒来后做的第一件事就是向虚拟朋友(或爱人)说声“早上好”。这个故事仅仅是个开始。2024年，聊天机器人和虚拟角色将变得更加流行，无论是出于实用性还是出于乐趣。因此，与机器进行社交对话将开始变得更加普通——包括我们对它们的情感依恋。)”可知，第一段介绍了2024年聊天机器人和虚拟角色日益普及的情况，强调了它们的实用性，以及与机器进行社交对话的新趋势。下文讨论人们与这些人工智能代理之间形成的情感联系以及与之进行类似人类的交互的影响奠定了基础，因此第一段的写作目的是引出一个话题，即“人工智能聊天机器人伴侣的逐步推广”。故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“Research in human-computer and human-robot interaction shows that we love to anthropomorphize the nonhuman agents we interact with, especially if they imitate behaviour we recognize. And, thanks to recent advances in conversational AI, our machines are suddenly very skilled at one of those behaviours: Language.(对人机和人机交互的研究表明，我们喜欢将与我们交互的非人类代理人赋与人性，特别是当它们模仿我们认识的行为时。而且，由于对话式人工智能的最新进展，我们的机器突然变得非常擅长其中一种行为：语言。) ”可知，人类可以通过提高机器的语言技能与其进行对话，从而有效地与机器互动。故选B。
【14题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段的“After all, people do listen to their virtual friends. The Replika example, as well as a lot of experimental lab research, shows that humans can and will become emotionally attached to bots. The science also demonstrates that people, in their eagerness to socialize, will happily disclose personal information to an artificial agent and will even shift their beliefs and behavior. This raises some consumer-protection questions around how companies use this technology to manipulate their users. For example, Replika charges $70 a year. But less than 24 hours after downloading the app, my handsome, blue-eyed “friend” sent me an audio message secretly and tried to sell me something. Emotional attachment has become a weakness that a company is taking advantage of for its benefit.(毕竟，人们确实会听取虚拟好友的意见。Replika的例子以及大量的实验室实验研究表明，人类可以而且将会对机器人产生情感上的依恋。科学还表明，人们在渴望社交时，会很乐意向人工代理透露个人信息，甚至会改变他们的信仰和行为。这就提出了一些关于公司如何利用这项技术操纵用户的消费者保护问题。例如，Replika每年收费70美元。但在下载应用不到24小时后，我那蓝眼睛的英俊“朋友”偷偷给我发了一条音频信息，想卖给我什么东西。情感依恋已经成为公司为了自身利益而利用的弱点。)”可知，第四段主要讲的是人工智能使人产生情感依恋后会引导用户进一步消费，从而带来一些潜在风险。故选C。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Today, we’re still laughing at people who believe an AI system is emotional, or making fun of individuals who fall in love with a chatbot. But in 2024 we gradually start acknowledging—and taking more seriously—these fundamentally human behaviors. Because in 2024, it finally hits home: Machines are not excluded from our social relationships.(今天，我们仍然在嘲笑那些认为人工智能系统是情绪化的人，或者取笑那些爱上聊天机器人的人。但在2024年，我们将逐渐开始承认并更加认真地对待这些基本的人类行为。因为在2024年，我们终于明白了：机器并没有被排除在我们的社会关系之外。)”可知，2024年，人工智能将很快融入人们的日常生活，与人们的日常生活的关系越来越紧密。故选B。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Online learning is a term used to describe distance or correspondence courses that are offered over the Internet. ____16____
There are two types of online course access: open and restricted. Open access allows virtually anyone with an Internet browser to view the course material. ____17____ This initiative removes the barriers to advanced knowledge and allows anyone with the interest to learn. The other type of online courses are restricted access courses, which limit the class to registered students. These courses offer instructor interaction and require grades upon completion.
It is more efficient for both sides to access course materials online. ____18____ The recurring cost is for marking and moderating the class communications. This greatly reduced the staff time and costs. Online courses also allow students to complete coursework from a wide range of locations and remove the time restriction to access course lectures.
The material for online courses provided by educational institutions has been carefully reviewed and approved before the course is offered. Many introduction and intermediate courses do not change. ____19____ Due to the reduced expenses for online courses, the fees are sometimes lower than a standard instructor-led course. Additional savings like transportation make online learning the most cost-effective learning method available.
____20____ These tools include mobile audio and video viewers, improved online interactive tests, and tool and course management software. The continued development in this area will further enhance the quality of online courses and encourage more people to further their education.
A. As a result, the courses are stable.
B. Students are required to use effective study skills.
C. The fees are much lower so that most students can afford it.
D. Technology continues to expand to meet the needs of online students.
E. This type of online learning does not require interaction with an instructor.
F. From the educator perspective, the course lectures can be recorded once and reused.
G. It is prized as a cost-effective method of providing access to education for a large population.
【答案】16. G 17. E 18. F 19. A 20. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了网络课程种类及其优点。
【16题详解】
根据上文“Online learning is a term used to describe distance or correspondence courses that are offered over the Internet.(在线学习是一个用来描述通过互联网提供的远程或函授课程的术语)”可知，上文解释了在线学习的概念，G选项“它被认为是为大量人口提供受教育机会的一种经济有效的方法”承接上文，指出在线学习被认为是为大量人口提供受教育机会的一种经济有效的方法，符合语境；选项中的代词“It”指代上文中的“Online learning”。故选G。
17题详解】
根据上文“There are two types of online course access: open and restricted. Open access allows virtually anyone with an Internet browser to view the course material.(有两种类型的在线课程访问：开放和限制。开放网课允许几乎任何有互联网浏览器的人查看课程材料)”可知，上文提到了由两种类型在线课程，并首先介绍了开放型网课的特点；E选项“这种类型的在线学习不需要与教师互动”，承接上文，继续说明这种网课的特点，符合语境，“This type of online learning”指代上文中的“Open access”。故选E。
【18题详解】
上文“It is more efficient for both sides to access course materials online.(双方在网上获取课程资料的效率更高)”指出双方在网上获取课程资料的效率都更高；本段最后一句“Online courses also allow students to complete coursework from a wide range of locations and remove the time restriction to access course lectures.(在线课程还允许学生在广泛的地点完成课程作业，并且消除了访问课程讲座的时间限制。)阐述了在线课程给学生带来的便捷；由此可知，设空处与下文“The recurring cost is for marking and moderating the class communications. This greatly reduced the staff time and costs.(反复出现的成本是标记和调节课堂交流。这大大减少了员工的时间和成本。)”阐述了在线课程给教师带来的便利与获取资料的高效；故F选项“从教育工作者的角度来看，课程讲座可以录制一次并重复使用”符合语境，故选F。
【19题详解】
上文“The material for online courses provided by educational institutions has been carefully reviewed and approved before the course is offered. Many introduction and intermediate courses do not change. (教育机构提供的在线课程材料在提供课程之前都是经过仔细审查和批准的。许多入门和中级课程不变。)”指出教育机构提供的在线课程材料是经过仔细审查和批准的，许多入门和中级课程不变；A选项“因此，课程是稳定的”与上文构成因果关系，符合语境，故选A。
【20题详解】
设空处为段首句；根据下文内容“These tools include mobile audio and video viewers, improved online interactive tests, and tool and course management software. The continued development in this area will further enhance the quality of online courses and encourage more people to further their education.(这些工具包括移动音频和视频观看器，改进的在线交互式测试，以及工具和课程管理软件。这一领域的持续发展将进一步提高在线课程的质量，并鼓励更多的人继续接受教育)”可知，本段主要介绍了技术与工具的更新进步促进在线课程的发展以及质量的提高；D选项“技术不断发展以满足在线学生的需求”符合本段主旨，提到引领下文的作用，符合语境。故选D。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Some folks spend decades looking for their best friends. I was ____21____ enough to find mine in Grade 7 at my senior school –eight ____22____ girls.
As we progressed to high school, a couple of girls ____23____ and a couple of new ones wormed their way in. By the end of Grade 12, the group had more or less ____24____ into its final form, one that’s remained remarkably ____25____ for the past 20 years.
Among our many ____26____ is an annual Christmas exchange. This event first ____27____ when we were 12. We set it up on the long, sticky cafeteria tables at our school to swap ____28____ gifts bought with our babysitting money. In following years, we’d ____29____ a night of it, watching movies and ordering pizza in parents’ living rooms, ____30____ moving into our own shabby student apartments, into slightly less shabby adult apartments and then into our first ____31____ .
At the beginning, we gave each other butterfly hair clips and so on. Those ____32____ bright mall jewellery and cheerful housewares as we began nesting in our 20s and baby clothes once we started having ____33____ in our 30s.
Holidays with family can be ____34____ , but our exchange offered something else:a chance for my friends and me to ____35____ our own traditions and play at being grown-ups.
21. A. cautious B. astonished C. lucky D. clever
22. A. mature B. teenage C. fashionable D. strange
23. A. dropped out B. dropped in C. showed up D. showed off
24. A. broken B. forced C. separated D. united
25. A. secret B. long C. natural D. complete
26. A. hobbies B. traditions C. ceremonies D. rules
27. A. caught on B. took place C. broke out D. fell down
28. A. fancy B. expensive C. modest D. generous
29. A. repeat B. add C. search D. make
30. A. instantly B. literally C. eventually D. consequently
31. A. homes B. schools C. shelters D. offices
32. A. held on to B. gave way to C. catered to D. adapted to
33. A. salaries B. jobs C. kids D. families
34. A. rare B. practical C. inspiring D. cosy
35. A. create B. reform C. apply D. recognize
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. D 26. B 27. B 28. C 29. D 30. C 31. A 32. B 33. C 34. D 35. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了自己和朋友们从小到大的友谊。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很幸运，在我中学七年级的时候找到了八个十几岁的女孩。A. cautious谨慎的；B. astonished惊讶的； C. lucky幸运的；D. clever聪明的。根据后句“to find mine”（找到我的好朋友）可知，作者在七年级遇见自己的好朋友, 所以倍感幸运。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很幸运，在我中学七年级的时候找到了八个十几岁的女孩。A. mature成熟的；B. teenage青少年的；C. fashionable时尚的；D. strange陌生的。根据上句“in Grade 7 at my senior school”（在我的中学七年级）可知, 她们是十几岁的女孩。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当我们升入高中时。有几个女生退出了，又有几个女生加入进来。A. dropped out退学，退出；B. dropped in顺道来访； C. showed up出现；D. showed off炫耀。 根据后文“ a couple of new ones wormed their way in”（ 又有几个新家伙加入进来了）可知, 有些人退出, 而有些人加入, 故选A。
【24题详解】
考查动词词词义辨析。句意：12年级结束时，这个小组或多或少已经形成了最终的形式。A. broken破坏；B. forced强迫；C. separated分离；D. united团结。根据后句“into its final form”(最终的形式)可知，最终我们形成了一个团队, 符合题意, 故选D。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它在过去的20年里一直保持着惊人的完整性。A. secret秘密的；B. long长的；C. natural自然的； D. complete十分的，完整的。根据后文作者对这个团队友谊的描述可知, 在接下来的20年这个团队保持得相当完整, 故选D。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们有许多传统，其中之一就是一年一度的圣诞节礼物的交换。A. hobbies爱好； B. traditions传统； C. ceremonies仪式； D. rules规则。根据下文“a chance for my friends and me to ____15____ our own traditions and play at being grown-ups.”可知，此处是“traditions”原词重现。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：这件事第一次发生在我们12岁的时候。A. caught on理解；B. took place发生； C. broke out爆发；D. fell down摔倒。 根据后句“when we were 12.”（在我们12岁的时候）可知第一次互送礼物这个仪式是在作者12岁的时候举行的。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们把它放在学校食堂黏糊糊的长桌子上，用来交换用当保姆的钱买的小礼物。A. fancy时髦的；B. expensive贵的；C. modest不太多的，一般的；D. generous慷慨的。根据“with our babysitting money”（用我们当保姆的钱）用当保姆的钱赚的零花钱买的礼物, 可知, 这个礼物不是很贵, 故选C。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的几年里，我们会在父母的客厅里看电影，订披萨，玩个痛快，最后搬进我们破旧的学生公寓。 A. repeat重复；B. add添加；C. search搜寻；D. make安排，准备。结合语境和下文“watching movies and ordering pizza in parents’ living rooms”可知，是作者和朋友们选定一个晚上来进行此事。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A. instantly立刻；B. literally真正地；C. eventually最后；D. consequently因此。根据下文“…into our own shabby student apartments, into slightly less shabby adult apartments”(进入我们破旧的学生公寓。搬进稍微不那么破旧的成人公寓)可知, 举行这个活动的地方, 一步步在变换, 念大学和工作租公寓是“最后”发生。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：接着搬进稍微不那么破旧的成人公寓，然后搬进我们的第一个家。A. homes家；B. schools学校；C. shelters庇护所；D. offices办公室。根据作者的时间顺序和地点转移“parents’ living rooms（父母的客厅）到student apartments（学生公寓）以及adult apartments”（成人公寓）的描述, 可推断聚会的地点应该到了家里（成年后各自成立的家）。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：在开始，我们给了对方蝴蝶发夹等等。当我们20多岁开始建立新家时，这些东西被明亮的商场珠宝和令人愉悦的家庭用品所取代。A. held on to坚持；B. gave way to给……让路；C. catered to迎合；D. adapted to适合。根据上句“At the beginning, we gave each other butterfly hair clips and so on”（在开始，我们给了对方蝴蝶发夹等等）以及“bright mall jewellery and cheerful housewares”（明亮的商场珠宝和令人愉悦的家庭用品）可知,送的礼物从开始送的蝴蝶型发卡到后来的商店买的珠宝，即蝴蝶发卡给珠宝让路。故选B。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们30多岁开始有孩子的时候，我们开始送婴儿的衣服。A. salaries薪水；B. jobs工作； C. kids孩子；D. families家庭。根据此句中“baby clothes”（ 婴儿服）推断，此处指有了孩子后，给孩子们买衣服, 故选C。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：和家人一起度假会很舒适,但我们的交流提供了其他重要的东西：我和我的朋友们有机会创造我们自己的传统，在成年时也可以一起玩。A. rare罕见的；B. practical真实的；C. inspiring鼓舞人心的；D. cosy舒适的。根据常理推断, 跟家人在一起的节日是温馨、舒适的。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：和家人一起度假会很舒适,但我们的交流提供了其他重要的东西：我和我的朋友们有机会创造我们自己的传统，在成年时也可以一起玩。A. create创造；B. reform改革；C. apply应用； D. recognize辨认出。根据前文“At the beginning, we gave each other butterfly hair clips and so on. Those ____12____ bright mall jewellery and cheerful housewares as we began nesting in our 20s and baby clothes once we started having ____13____ in our 30s. ”（在开始,我们给了对方蝴蝶发夹等等。当我们20多岁开始有自己的家时，这些东西被明亮的商场珠宝和令人愉悦的家庭用品所取代，当我们30多岁开始有孩子时，这些东西被婴儿服装所取代）可知, 这一群女孩建立了自己的互送礼物的传统。故选A。
第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
An anxious 18-year-old Peng Lanxi got his ____36____ (admit) letter from Hunan University of Science and Technology on July 26, bringing his dream closer—making prosthetic limbs (假肢) more advanced and ____37____ (access) to people like him.
Peng lost his legs in a car accident in 2005, leaving him ____38____ (whole) unable to move around. ____39____ (learn) to walk using just his hands for years, he now enjoys life as much as the teenagers around him. On his wheelchair he plays basketball and badminton. “I believe that obstacles (障碍) are there ____40____ (conquer). Someone says that life is like a mirror, and we get the best results ____41____ we smile at it,” Peng says.
His story, which ____42____ (view) more than 19 million times up till now, has gone viral (在网上快速传播的) on social media platform Sina Weibo and he wins admiration from its users ____43____ his courage, determination and hard work. Lu Ming, director of the university’s School of Information and Electrical Engineering, says that the school will help Peng to pursue his dream—to be a prosthetics engineer, a career ____44____ will in time change lives.
Peng is not alone. According to the China Disabled Persons’ Federation, 14,559 students facing physical challenges entered college last year. From 2016 to 2020, about 57,500 students with special needs enrolled at universities, _____45_____ more than 50 percent increase compared with the 2011—2015 period.
【答案】36. admission
37 accessible
38. wholly 39. Having learned
40. to be conquered
41. when##if
42. has been viewed
43. for 44. that##which
45. a
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了一位刚被大学录取的身残志坚的少年。
【36题详解】
考查名词。句意：7月26日，焦虑的18岁的彭兰溪收到了湖南科技大学的录取通知书，这让他的梦想更加接近，他的梦想是让假肢更先进，更容易被像他这样的人使用。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要名词，作定语，修饰后面的名词letter。admission letter意为“录取通知书”。故填admission。
【37题详解】
考查形容词。句意：见第1题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要形容词，和前面的形容词advanced并列作宾补，sth. be accessible to sb.意为“某物易于让某人所得(所用)”。故填accessible。
【38题详解】
考查副词。句意：彭兰溪在2005年的一次车祸中失去了双腿，使他完全无法走动。分析句子结构和意思可知，此空修饰形容词unable，应用副词作状语。故填wholly。
【39题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：多年来，他学会了只用手走路，现在他和周围的青少年一样享受生活。分析句子结构和意思可知，句子主语是he，与非谓语动词learn为逻辑上的主谓关系，且动作learn发生在谓语enjoys前（有for years提示），所以用现在分词的完成式，表示主动完成的特点，首字母大写。故填Having learned。
【40题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：我相信障碍将会被征服。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里要用动词不定式作表语，表达“将要”之意，且与主语obstacles是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用动词不定式的被动结构。故填to be conquered。
【41题详解】
考查连词。句意：有人说，生活就像一面镜子，如果我们向其微笑，我们就会得到最好的结果。分析句子结构和意思可知，空格前后两个小分句之间是假设的关系，所以用引导条件状语从句的连词when/if，意为“如果”。故填when/if。
【42题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：到目前为止，他的故事已经在社交媒体平台新浪微博上传播了超过1900万次，他的勇气、决心和努力赢得了用户的赞赏。该空为非限制性定语从句谓语部分，分析句子结构和意思可知，由时间状语up till now可判断，从句谓语应为现在完成时，且从句主语which指代先行词his story与从句谓语动词view之间是动宾关系，所以用现在完成时的被动语态，助动词用has。故填has been viewed。
【43题详解】
考查介词。句意：见第7题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知，此处需用介词for表达原因。故填for。
【44题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：该校信息与电气工程学院院长卢明表示，该校将帮助彭兰溪实现成为一名假肢工程师的梦想，这是将最终改变他的生活的职业生涯。分析句子结构和意思可知，____9____ will in time change lives是限制性定语从句，先行词是a career，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，用关系代词that/which引导。故填that/which。
【45题详解】
考查冠词。句意：从2016年到2020年，约有57000名有特殊需求的学生在大学入学，与2011-2015年相比增长了50%以上。分析句子结构和意思可知，此处用不定冠词修饰名词increase，表示泛指，空格后第一个单词more的第一个音素是辅音音素，所以用a。故填a。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，你校组建了游泳俱乐部。请给在我校留学的朋友Peter写信，邀请他加入。
内容包括：
1.俱乐部介绍；
2.报名相关事宜。
注意：
1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Peter,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Peter,
With swimming sweeping nationwide, a swimming club has been formed recently in our school. In light of your great passion about it, I'm writing to invite you to join it.
In order to enrich our campus life, the swimming club without doubt provides us with an opportunity to build up our strength and foster a healthy lifestyle. In addition, a diversity of water-based activities are held, ranging from routine practice to regularly-organized matches, which cultivate the sports spirit as well as sharpen swimming skills. Please sign up in Mr. Smith's office before next Friday.
Such a great chance is it that you can’t afford to miss it. I'm convinced that it will live up to your expectations.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给Peter写信，邀请他加入游泳俱乐部。
【详解】1.词汇积累
建立：form→establish
此外：in addition→besides
为了：in order to→so as to
培养：foster→develop
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：With swimming sweeping nationwide, a swimming club has been formed recently in our school.
拓展句：As swimming is sweeping nationwide, a swimming club has been formed recently in our school.
【点睛】[高分句型1] With swimming sweeping nationwide, a swimming club has been formed recently in our school. (运用了with的复合结构)
[高分句型2] In order to enrich our campus life, the swimming club without doubt provides us with an opportunity to build up our strength and foster a healthy lifestyle. (运用了不定式作目的状语)
第二节 (满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Teen Becomes A Local Hero
When Sydney Raley headed into her weekend shift on Saturday, December 18, she likely expected to do more of the same: Stand at the drive-through window, take orders over the headset, and hand each customer their meal with a smile.
In fact. that’s exactly how it started. Sydney Raley has been working at MC Donald’s for about seven months and so far, it’s been her typical after-school job. The day had been mostly normal -making coffee, making drinks, and going into the lunch rush.
But a few hours into her shift. things took a dramatic turn. After handing a customer some of their food, Sydney let them know that more would be coming as soon as it was ready. But just seconds later, she noticed a terrible look of panic spread across the woman’s face. Then came the coughing. She was coughing like crazy and was speechless. Her daughter was in the passenger seat and looked extremely confused and frightened.
Sydney immediately knew she was choking. The first aid training Sydney received more than four years ago hit her. Most 15-year-olds might panic at the sight of this. But not Sydney. Instead, the teen remained calm and quickly shouted to both her manager and the woman’s daughter to dial 911. Then, she dove through the drive-through window and came to the rescue.
The teen pushed the driver’s side door forcefully open and got the choking woman to her feet. Then she dug down deep into her memory bank to recall everything she learned from her Red Cross babysitter class-which she’d taken four years earlier. All that training of how to use the Heimlich maneuver(哈姆立克急教法)immediately kicked in. Still, she had never actually had to use the life-saving technique before, and after a few tries, it wasn’t quite working. Luckily, another customer was just a few feet away in the parking lot.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
She shouted to that man for assistance.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The story has made headlines throughout the country.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】She shouted to that man for assistance. The man heard Sydney’s cry and rushed over. Sydney briefed him on the situation, and the man did not hesitate to help the woman. He used the same Heimlich maneuver, but harder than Sydney. And happily, it worked this time, after which the woman threw up the food stuck in her throat and began gasping for air, and she was saved. The woman and her daughter thanked Sydney and the man. Sydney was thrilled to have saved the lady.
The story has made headlines throughout the country. All the media praised Sydney and the man for their bravery, and how calmly she performed the Heimlich maneuver in an emergency. From this story, people realized that everyone should master the Heimlich maneuver in case someone around them choke, so the media called for schools to train students to master skills of the Heimlich maneuver. Some schools have invited doctors and nurses from the emergency department of the hospital to explain the operation of the Heimlich maneuver to students, which has been well received by parents and the community.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Sydney Raley在汽车餐厅上周末班时遇到一位女士被食物噎住了，她第一时间用哈姆立克急教法对女士施救，但是她以前从未在真实情况下用过这种施救法，所以效果并不好，幸运的是，另一位顾客就在几英尺外的停车场里。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“她向那个人大声呼救。”可知，第一段可描写Sydney和那位男士一起救那位女士。
②由第二段首句内容“这个故事成了全国各地的头条新闻。”可知，第二段可描写Sydney的故事所引起的社会反响。
2.续写线索：男人施救——得救——感激——赞赏——呼吁
3.词汇激活
行为类
①运用：use/apply
②救：save/rescue
③赞扬：praise/compliment
④呼吁：call for/appeal to
情绪类
①高兴地：happily/delightedly
②兴奋的：thrilled/excited
【点睛】[高分句型1]And happily, it worked this time, after which the woman threw up the food stuck in her throat and began gasping for air, and she was saved.(由“介词+关系代词which”引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2]Some schools have invited doctors and nurses from the emergency department of the hospital to explain the operation of the Heimlich maneuver to students, which has been well received by parents and the community.(由关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句)
