英语
第Ⅰ卷（满分95分）
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Have you ever been really hungry, but there wasn’t much to eat in your kitchen Did you throw together a bunch of stuff you had on hand and were pleasantly surprised when it tasted good You aren’t alone. Some of our favorite foods were created by accident. Here’s a sample menu of some familiar foods that never would have happened if someone hadn’t created them by mistake.
POTATO CHIPS
One of the world’s favorite snacks is the result of a complaint. In 1853, a man was eating dinner at Moon’s Lake House in Saratoga Springs, New York. He ordered fried potatoes, a popular side dish. But when they came out of the kitchen, he didn’t think they were crispy enough. He sent them back to the kitchen, where Chef George Crum was so angry at having his cooking criticized that he sliced the potatoes really thin, put lots of salt on them, and fried them. Not only did the diner love them, but everyone else did, too. They soon became a specialty of the restaurant.
TOFU
Tofu, or bean curd, is made by curdling (使凝结) fresh soya milk, pressing it into a solid block, and then cooling it. Tofu was accidentally invented in China more than 2,000 years ago, when a cook added seaweed to soya milk, which made it curdle. This is the same process that is used for making cheese. Like cheese, tofu is a great example of how really messing up a recipe can create something unexpectedly good.
CHEESE PUFFS
Did you ever wonder who thought up cheese puffs The company that invented them wasn’t even trying to make food for people. It was trying to make animal feed. In the 1930s, the Flakall Company of Wisconsin made animal food from small, flaked piece of grain. One day, an employee, Edward Wilson, watched workers pouring cornmeal (谷粉) into the flaking machine, wetting it to keep it from clogging (堵塞). Because the machine was very hot, the wet cornmeal came out of it in puffy ribbons that hardened when they hit the air. Wilson took some of the ribbons home, added oil and flavoring to them, and voila! Cheese puffs!
21. What’s the purpose of the text
A. To compare the features of some foods.
B. To inform readers of some foods.
C. To recommend some foods.
D. To introduce the origins of some foods.
22. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage
A. Seaweed is also used for making cheese.
B. Chef George Crum didn’t like to criticize others' cooking.
C. Hot wet cornmeal hardened when they hit the air.
D. Bean curd dates back to 2,000 years in China.
23. What do the three foods have in common
A. They are the results of complaints.
B. They were not created on purpose.
C. They weren’t originally made for people.
D. They are all popular throughout the world.
B
Heat can kill. It lowers a worker’s ability to concentrate and leads to notable increases in workplace injuries, research suggests.
Yet, for reasons including financial need, workplace pressure and a lack of awareness of the health impacts of high temperatures, many people continue to work past their heat tolerance. Outdoor workers, notably those within the construction and agricultural industry, are the most affected by rising heat. Even the fittest people in the world are impressionable like the Olympic athletes collapsing in the baking heat of Tokyo.
There are some easy ways to reduce the risk of heat exhaustion (热衰竭). Optimizing work hours to avoid workers being out when the sun is at its hottest may have the greatest effect on employee health.
Individualized wearable sensors could be a useful tool for determining likely heat exhaustion. Early adoption of these devices would be a win-win, according to Dr Jennifer Runkle, an environmental epidemiologist (流行病学家): boosting productivity and reducing injury “while ensuring the health and safety of an ageing workforce and reducing the risk of heat exhaustion”.
Wider take-up of wearable heat sensors by employees, employers and healthcare providers would also help overcome gaps in heat awareness.
“One important finding we discovered in our research with outdoor workers is that there was a mismatch between workers ability to sense heat risk and their actual exposure to extreme heat gained by wearables” , said Dr Runkle.
Another aid could be wearable cooling technology, but such devices are limited in availability. One such device is Sony’s Reon Pocket 2, which it launched in April. A wearable cooling or warming device worn inside clothing, it uses electrical conductors that transfer (转移) heat when electricity is run through them.
There are promising examples of companies taking more responsibility for protecting workers from extreme heat, such as managers of bus drivers in Jinan, China. Responsible employers should be providing drinks and shaded rest areas to outdoor workers.
24. What does the underlined word “impressionable” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Highly impressive. B. Slightly sensible. C. Easily influenced. D. Hardly evaluated.
25. What did Dr Runkle find out
A. The workforce was ageing rapidly.
B. Wearable heat sensors lacked great accuracy.
C. Employers attached little importance to heat exhaustion.
D. Workers’ heat awareness and actual heat were different.
26. Why are bus drivers in Jinan mentioned in the last paragraph
A. To stress the popularity of Reon Pocket 2.
B. To show their employers are responsible.
C. To reveal they are very tolerant of extreme heat.
D. To describe their unbearable pressure of work.
27. What can be the best title for the text
A. Adjustments to Work Hours Can Be Life-saving.
B. Campaigners Are Calling for Workplace Protection.
C. How Can New Technology Protect Outdoor Workers
D. How Were Body Temperature Monitors Invented
C.
When the need for information technology service arises, it can be a stressful moment—the user is locked out of their computer, or a program isn’t working properly. But if you ask anyone in the MIT departments of Chemistry and Physics, or the News Office—the Institute divisions that are fortunate enough to have Greg Walton as their IT service provider, they’ll acknowledge that not only is Walton the best, but whatever the issue is, he will see it through until all involved are satisfied with the outcome. Walton usually arrives on the scene with endless positive energy that transforms a technical annoyance into an enjoyable interaction, regardless of how many other IT fires he has already put out that day.
The qualities that make him a star employee extend far beyond the campus. After spending his early years in foster care, Walton lived with his great-grandmother, but mostly, he was left to support himself. While many children might, understandably, lie flat under such unsupervised circumstances, Walton excelled academically and athletically at high school. He became the first person in his family to graduate from high school, and enrolled in college.
Walton seized the chance to enroll in Year Up, a program aiming to close the “opportunity divide” by providing young adults with the skills, experience, and support that will empower them to reach their potential through professional careers and higher education. Walton remains an active ambassador for the organization.
In June of 2007,armed with shining recommendations, Walton was hired as a temp (临时工) at MIT.He eventually worked his way up to where he is today—an invaluable asset (不可或缺的人) to three departments.“I do feel lucky to work at MIT,” he says.“I’ve had the ability to tour the country sharing my story in hopes that some people may be inspired and employers may see young adults with tough backgrounds differently.”
In addition to Year Up, he is involved with a number of organizations committed to helping young adults overcome their troubled pasts. This desire to have a positive impact on people’s lives extends seamlessly into his work at MIT. “Giving back is very important to me,” Walton says. “So many people have invested their time and energy into helping me, so I feel it would be an injustice not to do so.”
28. Staff members in MIT sing high praise for Walton mainly because________.
A. he enjoys interacting with his clients
B. he knows how to put out fires for others
C. he solves problems with a positive attitude
D. he is good at developing computer programs
29. What do we know about Walton before he went to college
A. He depended on his great-grandma for a living.
B. He stood out in study and sports in high school.
C. He lay flat just like other unsupervised children.
D. He was supported by foster care for better education.
30. Why did Walton get involved with a lot of organizations
A. To share his troubled past with young adults.
B. To pay back to society by helping young adults.
C. To advise businesses to treat young adults fairly.
D. To promote education equality among young adults.
31. What can we conclude from Walton’s story
A. One good turn deserves another.
B. Opportunities favor the prepared mind.
C. Education is a powerful weapon to change the world.
D. One’s future is defined by his efforts, not by his origin.
D
With the WHO no longer considering COVID-19 a global health emergency, it seems that the virus and its large number of deaths will soon fade from memory, along with N95 masks and PCR tests.
Our ability to forget a pandemic is partly a coping mechanism, reflecting the emotional immune system that enables us to move on with our daily lives. Every day, we receive massive information that our brains struggle to keep. Moreover, the process by which our brains assess risk is deeply personal and influenced by our own needs.
We are reminded why so many people were eager to forget the 1918 influenza pandemic and embrace the joys of the Roaring Twenties. But collective forgetting threatens to leave us unprepared for future airborne disease outbreaks, forcing us to re-learn fundamental lessons about the importance of masking and shifting activities outdoors to prevent transmission.
People often have a more positive view of the future than the past as a way of building psychological resilience (韧性). This is because, unlike the unchangeable past, the future offers endless possibilities. But our tendency to look forward also arrests progress on issues like pandemic preparedness, as it leads us to believe we are better equipped than we are.
Today, there’s still no comprehensive effort to carry out the detailed recommendations on how to improve pandemic preparedness. Today, we still lack clear explanations for why our public-health agencies are understaffed and undefended, why supply chains failed, why COVID-19 misinformation was allowed to overflow on media platforms, and why our public-health responses remain passive.
It has taken Ireland more than 150 years to build memorials and museums marking the impact of the disaster — the Great Famine of the 1840s. We cannot afford to let the same happen with COVID-19. Our ability to remember the past could affect billions of lives in the future.
32. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A. The pandemic coping system. B. The struggle of data memory.
C. The reasons for forgetting a pandemic. D. The personal pandemic assessment.
33. Why are the 1918 influenza pandemic and the Roaring Twenties mentioned in Paragraph 3
A To outline the astonishing parallel found in history.
B. To reveal the harmful effect of collective forgetting.
C. To uncover people’s collective loss of memory.
D. To reflect people’s interest in future possibilities.
34. It can be inferred that during the post-pandemic time ________.
A. good preparations for the next pandemic have been made
B. people’s ability to cope with a pandemic is underestimated
C. the suggestions on pandemic prevention are well adopted
D. a list of questions concerning the pandemic remain to be answered
35. What does the author intend people to do in the passage
A. Remember the pandemic. B. Embrace the pandemic-free life.
C. Invest in the pandemic research. D. Build memorials to the pandemic.
第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
What makes a work of architecture great Most people would argue that aesthetics (美感) are the most important.____36____ However, Roman architect Marcus Vitruvius Pollio believed that we should also consider durability and function when assessing a structure. The Rostonville Library in my city is a great example of Vitruvius’s principles.
Constructed entirely of granite—a hard and tough stone, the library is durable. It can withstand environmental pollution. For example, it is resistant to acid rain. Moreover, its granite structure is stable so it’s more likely to survive an earthquake.____37____ It uses solar energy for heating and a rooftop garden for cooling.
____38____ Providing free access to print and digital information, it conveys a feeling of openness and accessibility. Furthermore, the entire library is on one level, and it has an open design—there are no inner walls or dividers. In addition, large windows let in plenty of natural light, so it’s easy to see and get to each department within the library.
Finally, the library is beautiful, with aesthetically pleasing details both inside and out. The large windows are copper-framed (铜框的). The copper color provides an interesting contrast against the color of the granite structure and it will remain as the copper ages. Growth from the rooftop garden, which reaches down the sides of the building, adds to the aesthetics of the building. ____39____
Durability, functionality and beauty make the Rostonville Library a great structure. Architects who follow Vitruvius’s principles help to make the city more pleasant to live in. ____40____
A. The library is also sustainable.
B. It is true that beauty is critical.
C. This is not the only concern of the architects.
D. The library was designed with functionality in mind.
E. It softens the lines of the structure and helps it to fit into its natural surroundings.
F. Plus，the library was built on the edge of the city park，surrounded by native plants.
G. Buildings that fulfill these criteria offer both peace of mind and beauty for their users.
第三节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
When trouble hits someone in your community, how can you respond This year, a wildfire has left many people in my community ____41____ with damaged homes. The community where I live is coming together to ____42____. How does each of us show our ____43____ for those who lost their homes
Imagine a Circle of Care. ____44____ a circle and write the name of a person in ____45____ in the center. Draw ____46____ rings around the first one and write in the names of the people next closest to the crisis. ____47____ outwards. Distant friends and family are within ____48____ circles. The entire ____49____ itself becomes the outer ring. After the firestorm in Santiam Canyon, people posted _____50_____ signs saying “Canyon Strong!” and sent supplies to resource centers.
When I am in the center of such a circle, I do not want to _____51_____ someone who has not experienced my _____52_____ say, “I know exactly how you feel.” Helping people closer to the center of the circle requires more listening than _____53_____.
When you are in a closer ring and _____54_____ someone in the center of the circle, you may _____55_____ their burden and want to express your own feelings. Do it with those further out in the circle. I find this gives me _____56_____ to continue helping those in rings smaller than my own.
Whenever you are in the circle of care, _____57_____ what you are about to say and do. Sometimes it is possible to give physical aid. Sometimes the damage is _____58_____ . Can you calm by _____59_____ to go for a walk with them _____60_____ others and hold them dear.
41.
A. agreeing B. working C. connecting D. struggling
42.
A. reappear B. rebuild C. repeat D. recall
43.
A. care B. strength C. respect D. appreciation
44.
A. Find B. Draw C. Join D. Run
45.
A. debt B. surprise C. crisis D. doubt
46.
A. darker B. larger C. fewer D. nicer
47.
A. Face B. Point C. Pull D. Continue
48.
A. cycling B. certain C. widening D. complete
49.
A. team B. family C. center D. community
50.
A. interesting B. satisfying C. amusing D. encouraging
51.
A. hear B. aid C. imagine D. question
52.
A. joy B. anger C. pain D. freedom
53.
A. talking B. protecting C. lying D. waiting
54.
A. praising B. visiting C. helping D. following
55.
A. forget B. feel C. miss D. increase
56.
A. time B. energy C. space D. money
57.
A. give up B. look for C. think about D. deal with
58.
A. emotional B. lasting C. unknown D. visible
59.
A. begging B. deciding C. pretending D. offering
60.
A. Reach out to B. Have faith in C. Keep away from D. Catch sight of
第四节 语法和词汇知识填空（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）
从每题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
61. If he had spent more time practicing speaking English before, he ________ able to speak it much better now.
A. will be B. would be C. has been D. would have been
62. What disappointed him was that the opinion he had stuck ________ out impractical.
A. to turn B. to turning
C. to be turned D. to turned
63. Guide books are prepared to suit the convenience of the traveler, ________ routes round a city or a site are often suggested.
A. for which B. for whom
C. with which D. with whom
64. It seemed that I had become ________ my parents had wanted me to be.
A. when B. where C. what D. whether
65. The presents will be given to ________ can solve the problem.
A. whom B. who
C. whoever D. no matter who
第Ⅱ卷（满分55分）
第三部分 英语知识运用
第一节语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的词（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
The guqin is the most classical of Chinese instruments with over 3,000 years of history. There is a lot of literature around the guqin, and information about the guqin is ____66____ (plenty).
To learn to play the guqin used to ____67____ (regard) as a very important element of education for ____68____ purpose of enriching the heart and elevating the human spirit or spiritual communication. In the past, scholars and ladies of the elite society ____69____ (suppose) to master the four traditional arts, namely, qin, qi, shu and hua.
Being at the top of the four traditional arts, the guqin has historically been regarded as one of the most important ____70____ (symbol) of Chinese high culture. ____71____ (Fortunate), a lot of ancient masters or the written scores were burned or destroyed in wars. ____72____ November 2003, the guqin has been registered as one of the masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO.
In the classical repertoire (曲目), there is a famous piece called “High Mountain and Flowing Water” — derived from the ancient story of how the guqin master Bo Ya met his good friend Zi Qi ____73____ was a woodcutter. Even today, when musicians meet ____74____ the first time, they often play this tune to show their ____75____ (respectable) and appreciation to each other.
第二节 单词拼写（共5小题；每题1分，满分5分）
根据下列各句句意和汉语提示，在指定区域的横线上写出对应单词的正确形式，每空只写一词。
76. Nie Haisheng, one of the greatest ________(宇航员), has been in space three times. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
77. The parents ________ (替换) a red ball for the blue one to see if the baby would notice. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
78. My father bought me a desk, whose height is ________(可调整的). (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
79. All the rooms here in our Banyan Hotel are ________（舒适）furnished. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
80. When we arrived at the village, Tombe's mother, Kiak, was seen ________（除草）in her garden. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
第四部分 写作（共两节满分35分）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
81. 文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用（\）划掉。
修改：在错词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
My grandmother is born on a farm in California. At 18, she left home and worked as a house keeper in a painter’s house until she married with my grandfather at 27. A couple farmed for most of their lives, first in Virginia and then in New York. In my grandmother’s late seventy, she made a decision learn to paint. She said she just wanted to keep busily, though she had had that dream since she first saw his former employer paint. A few years later, her hard work finally paid for. Her pictures were first selling at a local market and were soon noticed by a businessman, that bought everything she painted.
第二节 书面表达（满分25分）
82. 你校学生会经常组织学生到乡村小学，与那里的学生一起举办一系列的活动；也邀请那里的部分学生到你校学生家做客。请你给你校英语报写一篇英文报道，内容包括：
1、介绍活动的具体内容；2、号召更多同学加入。
注意：1、词数100左右；
2、可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________英语
第Ⅰ卷（满分95分）
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Have you ever been really hungry, but there wasn’t much to eat in your kitchen Did you throw together a bunch of stuff you had on hand and were pleasantly surprised when it tasted good You aren’t alone. Some of our favorite foods were created by accident. Here’s a sample menu of some familiar foods that never would have happened if someone hadn’t created them by mistake.
POTATO CHIPS
One of the world’s favorite snacks is the result of a complaint. In 1853, a man was eating dinner at Moon’s Lake House in Saratoga Springs, New York. He ordered fried potatoes, a popular side dish. But when they came out of the kitchen, he didn’t think they were crispy enough. He sent them back to the kitchen, where Chef George Crum was so angry at having his cooking criticized that he sliced the potatoes really thin, put lots of salt on them, and fried them. Not only did the diner love them, but everyone else did, too. They soon became a specialty of the restaurant.
TOFU
Tofu, or bean curd, is made by curdling (使凝结) fresh soya milk, pressing it into a solid block, and then cooling it. Tofu was accidentally invented in China more than 2,000 years ago, when a cook added seaweed to soya milk, which made it curdle. This is the same process that is used for making cheese. Like cheese, tofu is a great example of how really messing up a recipe can create something unexpectedly good.
CHEESE PUFFS
Did you ever wonder who thought up cheese puffs The company that invented them wasn’t even trying to make food for people. It was trying to make animal feed. In the 1930s, the Flakall Company of Wisconsin made animal food from small, flaked piece of grain. One day, an employee, Edward Wilson, watched workers pouring cornmeal (谷粉) into the flaking machine, wetting it to keep it from clogging (堵塞). Because the machine was very hot, the wet cornmeal came out of it in puffy ribbons that hardened when they hit the air. Wilson took some of the ribbons home, added oil and flavoring to them, and voila! Cheese puffs!
21. What’s the purpose of the text
A. To compare the features of some foods.
B. To inform readers of some foods.
C. To recommend some foods.
D. To introduce the origins of some foods.
22. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage
A. Seaweed is also used for making cheese.
B. Chef George Crum didn’t like to criticize others' cooking.
C. Hot wet cornmeal hardened when they hit the air.
D. Bean curd dates back to 2,000 years in China.
23. What do the three foods have in common
A. They are the results of complaints.
B. They were not created on purpose.
C. They weren’t originally made for people.
D. They are all popular throughout the world.
【答案】21. D 22. A 23. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍3种因为偶然才制作出来的美味的食物的故事。
【21题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Some of our favorite foods were created by accident. Here’s a sample menu of some familiar foods that never would have happened if someone hadn’t created them by mistake. (我们最喜欢的一些食物是偶然制作的。这里有一些常见食物的菜单样本，如果没有人错误地制作，这些食物就不会产生。)”可知，这篇文章的目的是介绍因为偶然才制作出来的一些美味食物的故事。故选D。
【22题详解】
推理判断题。根据TOFU部分“Tofu was accidentally invented in China more than 2,000 years ago, when a cook added seaweed to soya milk, which made it curdle. This is the same process that is used for making cheese. (豆腐是2000多年前在中国偶然发明的，当时一位厨师在豆浆中加入海藻，使其凝结。这与制作奶酪的过程相同。)”可知，海藻也可以用来制作奶酪。故选A。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Some of our favorite foods were created by accident. Here’s a sample menu of some familiar foods that never would have happened if someone hadn’t created them by mistake. (我们最喜欢的一些食物是偶然制作的。这里有一些常见食物的菜单样本，如果没有人错误地制作，这些食物就不会产生。)”可知，这些食物都是偶然情况下才做出来的。故选B。
B
Heat can kill. It lowers a worker’s ability to concentrate and leads to notable increases in workplace injuries, research suggests.
Yet, for reasons including financial need, workplace pressure and a lack of awareness of the health impacts of high temperatures, many people continue to work past their heat tolerance. Outdoor workers, notably those within the construction and agricultural industry, are the most affected by rising heat. Even the fittest people in the world are impressionable like the Olympic athletes collapsing in the baking heat of Tokyo.
There are some easy ways to reduce the risk of heat exhaustion (热衰竭). Optimizing work hours to avoid workers being out when the sun is at its hottest may have the greatest effect on employee health.
Individualized, wearable sensors could be a useful tool for determining likely heat exhaustion. Early adoption of these devices would be a win-win, according to Dr Jennifer Runkle, an environmental epidemiologist (流行病学家): boosting productivity and reducing injury “while ensuring the health and safety of an ageing workforce and reducing the risk of heat exhaustion”.
Wider take-up of wearable heat sensors by employees, employers and healthcare providers would also help overcome gaps in heat awareness.
“One important finding we discovered in our research with outdoor workers is that there was a mismatch between workers ability to sense heat risk and their actual exposure to extreme heat gained by wearables” , said Dr Runkle.
Another aid could be wearable cooling technology, but such devices are limited in availability. One such device is Sony’s Reon Pocket 2, which it launched in April. A wearable cooling or warming device worn inside clothing, it uses electrical conductors that transfer (转移) heat when electricity is run through them.
There are promising examples of companies taking more responsibility for protecting workers from extreme heat, such as managers of bus drivers in Jinan, China. Responsible employers should be providing drinks and shaded rest areas to outdoor workers.
24. What does the underlined word “impressionable” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Highly impressive. B. Slightly sensible. C. Easily influenced. D. Hardly evaluated.
25. What did Dr Runkle find out
A. The workforce was ageing rapidly.
B. Wearable heat sensors lacked great accuracy.
C. Employers attached little importance to heat exhaustion.
D. Workers’ heat awareness and actual heat were different.
26. Why are bus drivers in Jinan mentioned in the last paragraph
A. To stress the popularity of Reon Pocket 2.
B. To show their employers are responsible.
C. To reveal they are very tolerant of extreme heat.
D. To describe their unbearable pressure of work.
27. What can be the best title for the text
A. Adjustments to Work Hours Can Be Life-saving.
B. Campaigners Are Calling for Workplace Protection.
C. How Can New Technology Protect Outdoor Workers
D. How Were Body Temperature Monitors Invented
【答案】24. C 25. D 26. B 27. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是减少户外工作的员工中暑风险的两种新技术。
【24题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段的“Outdoor workers, notably those within the construction and agricultural industry, are the most affected by rising heat.(户外工作人员，尤其是建筑业和农业行业的工作人员，受高温影响最大。)”可知，划线词所在句子的意思是“即使是世界上最健康的人也容易受影响，就像奥运会运动员在东京的高温中倒下一样”，划线词impressionable的意思是“容易受影响”，和Easily influenced意思相近，故选C。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段的““One important finding we discovered in our research with outdoor workers is that there was a mismatch between workers ability to sense heat risk and their actual exposure to extreme heat gained by wearables” , said Dr Runkle.(朗克尔博士说:“我们在对户外工作者的研究中的一个重要发现是，工作者感知热风险的能力与他们实际接触到的可穿戴设备带来的极端高温之间存在不匹配。”)”可知，Dr Runkle发现工人的热意识与实际热情况不同。故选D。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“There are promising examples of companies taking more responsibility for protecting workers from extreme heat, such as managers of bus drivers in Jinan, China.(在保护员工免受酷暑伤害方面，有一些公司承担更多责任的例子，比如中国济南公交车司机的管理人员。)”可知，最后一段提到济南的公交车司机是为了显示他们的雇主是负责任的。故选B。
【27题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第四段的“Individualized, wearable sensors could be a useful tool for determining likely heat exhaustion.(个性化的可穿戴传感器可能是确定可能的中暑衰竭的有用工具。)”和倒数第二段的“Another aid could be wearable cooling technology, but such devices are limited in availability.(另一种帮助可能是可穿戴冷却技术，但这种设备的可用性有限。)”可知，本文主要讲的是减少户外工作的员工中暑风险的两种新技术，因此最好的标题是C选项“How Can New Technology Protect Outdoor Workers (新技术如何保护户外工作者？)”，故选C。
C.
When the need for information technology service arises, it can be a stressful moment—the user is locked out of their computer, or a program isn’t working properly. But if you ask anyone in the MIT departments of Chemistry and Physics, or the News Office—the Institute divisions that are fortunate enough to have Greg Walton as their IT service provider, they’ll acknowledge that not only is Walton the best, but whatever the issue is, he will see it through until all involved are satisfied with the outcome. Walton usually arrives on the scene with endless positive energy that transforms a technical annoyance into an enjoyable interaction, regardless of how many other IT fires he has already put out that day.
The qualities that make him a star employee extend far beyond the campus. After spending his early years in foster care, Walton lived with his great-grandmother, but mostly, he was left to support himself. While many children might, understandably, lie flat under such unsupervised circumstances, Walton excelled academically and athletically at high school. He became the first person in his family to graduate from high school, and enrolled in college.
Walton seized the chance to enroll in Year Up, a program aiming to close the “opportunity divide” by providing young adults with the skills, experience, and support that will empower them to reach their potential through professional careers and higher education. Walton remains an active ambassador for the organization.
In June of 2007,armed with shining recommendations, Walton was hired as a temp (临时工) at MIT.He eventually worked his way up to where he is today—an invaluable asset (不可或缺的人) to three departments.“I do feel lucky to work at MIT,” he says.“I’ve had the ability to tour the country sharing my story in hopes that some people may be inspired and employers may see young adults with tough backgrounds differently.”
In addition to Year Up, he is involved with a number of organizations committed to helping young adults overcome their troubled pasts. This desire to have a positive impact on people’s lives extends seamlessly into his work at MIT. “Giving back is very important to me,” Walton says. “So many people have invested their time and energy into helping me, so I feel it would be an injustice not to do so.”
28 Staff members in MIT sing high praise for Walton mainly because________.
A. he enjoys interacting with his clients
B. he knows how to put out fires for others
C. he solves problems with a positive attitude
D. he is good at developing computer programs
29. What do we know about Walton before he went to college
A. He depended on his great-grandma for a living.
B. He stood out in study and sports in high school.
C. He lay flat just like other unsupervised children.
D. He was supported by foster care for better education.
30. Why did Walton get involved with a lot of organizations
A. To share his troubled past with young adults.
B. To pay back to society by helping young adults.
C. To advise businesses to treat young adults fairly.
D. To promote education equality among young adults.
31. What can we conclude from Walton’s story
A. One good turn deserves another.
B. Opportunities favor the prepared mind.
C. Education is a powerful weapon to change the world.
D. One’s future is defined by his efforts not by his origin.
【答案】28. C 29. B 30. B 31. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述沃尔顿，虽然小时候是在寄养家庭长大，但是一直非常努力和出色，后来成为麻省理工的临时工作人员，致力于帮助年轻人解决麻烦问题来回馈社会。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“But if you ask anyone in the MIT departments of Chemistry and Physics, or the News Office—the Institute divisions that are fortunate enough to have Greg Walton as their IT service provider, they’ll acknowledge that not only is Walton the best, but whatever the issue is, he will see it through until all involved are satisfied with the outcome. (但如果你问麻省理工学院化学系和物理系的任何人，或者新闻办公室——学院的部门，他们很幸运地拥有格雷格·沃尔顿作为他们的IT服务提供商，他们会承认沃尔顿不仅是最好的，而且无论问题是什么，他都会坚持到底，直到所有参与者都对结果感到满意。)”可知麻省理工学院的工作人员对沃尔顿的高度赞扬主要是因为他以积极的态度解决问题，故选C。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“While many children might, understandably, lie flat under such unsupervised circumstances, Walton excelled academically and athletically at high school. (可以理解的是，许多孩子在这种无人监督的环境下可能会躺平，而沃尔顿在高中时在学业和运动方面都很出色。)”可知沃尔顿在高中学习和体育方面都很出色。故选B。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“In addition to Year Up, he is involved with a number of organizations committed to helping young adults overcome their troubled pasts. This desire to have a positive impact on people’s lives extends seamlessly into his work at MIT. “Giving back is very important to me,” Walton says. “So many people have invested their time and energy into helping me, so I feel it would be an injustice not to do so.”(除了Year Up，他还参与了一些致力于帮助年轻人克服他们麻烦的过去的组织。这种对人们生活产生积极影响的愿望无缝地延伸到他在麻省理工学院的工作中。“回馈对我来说非常重要，”沃尔顿说。“这么多人投入了时间和精力来帮助我，所以我觉得不这样做是不公平的。”)”可知沃尔顿参与了这么多组织是通过帮助年轻人来回报社会。故选B。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其第一段“When the need for information technology service arises, it can be a stressful moment—the user is locked out of their computer, or a program isn’t working properly. But if you ask anyone in the MIT departments of Chemistry and Physics, or the News Office—the Institute divisions that are fortunate enough to have Greg Walton as their IT service provider, they’ll acknowledge that not only is Walton the best, but whatever the issue is, he will see it through until all involved are satisfied with the outcome. Walton usually arrives on the scene with endless positive energy that transforms a technical annoyance into an enjoyable interaction, regardless of how many other IT fires he has already put out that day. (当对信息技术服务的需求出现时，它可能是一个紧张的时刻——用户被锁在他们的计算机之外，或者一个程序不能正常工作。但如果你问麻省理工学院化学系和物理系的任何人，或者新闻办公室——学院的部门，他们很幸运地拥有格雷格·沃尔顿作为他们的IT服务提供商，他们会承认沃尔顿不仅是最好的，而且无论问题是什么，他都会坚持到底，直到所有参与者都对结果感到满意。沃尔顿通常带着无尽的正能量来到现场，将技术上的烦恼转化为愉快的互动，不管那天他已经解决了多少其他的IT问题。)”可知文章主要讲述沃尔顿，虽然小时候是在寄养家庭长大，但是一直非常努力和出色，后来成为麻省理工的临时工作人员，致力于帮助年轻人解决麻烦问题来回馈社会。故选D。
D
With the WHO no longer considering COVID-19 a global health emergency, it seems that the virus and its large number of deaths will soon fade from memory, along with N95 masks and PCR tests.
Our ability to forget a pandemic is partly a coping mechanism, reflecting the emotional immune system that enables us to move on with our daily lives. Every day, we receive massive information that our brains struggle to keep. Moreover, the process by which our brains assess risk is deeply personal and influenced by our own needs.
We are reminded why so many people were eager to forget the 1918 influenza pandemic and embrace the joys of the Roaring Twenties. But collective forgetting threatens to leave us unprepared for future airborne disease outbreaks, forcing us to re-learn fundamental lessons about the importance of masking and shifting activities outdoors to prevent transmission.
People often have a more positive view of the future than the past as a way of building psychological resilience (韧性). This is because, unlike the unchangeable past, the future offers endless possibilities. But our tendency to look forward also arrests progress on issues like pandemic preparedness, as it leads us to believe we are better equipped than we are.
Today, there’s still no comprehensive effort to carry out the detailed recommendations on how to improve pandemic preparedness. Today, we still lack clear explanations for why our public-health agencies are understaffed and undefended, why supply chains failed, why COVID-19 misinformation was allowed to overflow on media platforms, and why our public-health responses remain passive.
It has taken Ireland more than 150 years to build memorials and museums marking the impact of the disaster — the Great Famine of the 1840s. We cannot afford to let the same happen with COVID-19. Our ability to remember the past could affect billions of lives in the future.
32. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A. The pandemic coping system. B. The struggle of data memory.
C. The reasons for forgetting a pandemic. D. The personal pandemic assessment.
33. Why are the 1918 influenza pandemic and the Roaring Twenties mentioned in Paragraph 3
A. To outline the astonishing parallel found in history.
B. To reveal the harmful effect of collective forgetting.
C. To uncover people’s collective loss of memory.
D. To reflect people’s interest in future possibilities.
34. It can be inferred that during the post-pandemic time ________.
A. good preparations for the next pandemic have been made
B. people’s ability to cope with a pandemic is underestimated
C. the suggestions on pandemic prevention are well adopted
D. a list of questions concerning the pandemic remain to be answered
35. What does the author intend people to do in the passage
A. Remember the pandemic. B. Embrace the pandemic-free life.
C. Invest in the pandemic research. D. Build memorials to the pandemic.
【答案】32. A 33. B 34. D 35. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章认为随着新冠疫情不再被视为全球卫生紧急事件，人们开始了集体遗忘，虽然这种遗忘一定程度上是一种应对机制，但是它会带来负面影响，阻碍我们在流行病防范上取得进展，实际上后疫情时代许多问题仍有待回答，我们不应该遗忘新冠疫情。
【32题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“Our ability to forget a pandemic is partly a coping mechanism, reflecting the emotional immune system that enables us to move on with our daily lives. Every day, we receive massive information that our brains struggle to keep. Moreover, the process by which our brains assess risk is deeply personal and influenced by our own needs. (我们忘记疫情的能力在一定程度上是一种应对机制，反映了使我们能够继续日常生活的情感免疫系统。每天，我们都会接收到大脑难以保存的大量信息。此外，我们的大脑评估风险的过程是非常个人化的，受我们自身需求的影响)”可知，本段从科学角度解释了忘记疫情的能力的本质，这一定程度上是一种情感应对机制，受到大脑处理信息的能力以及个体需求的影响，因此本段主要是解释疫情应对机制。故选A项。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“We are reminded why so many people were eager to forget the 1918 influenza pandemic and embrace the joys of the Roaring Twenties. But collective forgetting threatens to leave us unprepared for future airborne disease outbreaks, forcing us to re-learn fundamental lessons about the importance of masking and shifting activities outdoors to prevent transmission. (我们被提醒着，为什么那么多人急于忘记1918年的流感大流行，而拥抱咆哮的20年代的欢乐。但是，集体遗忘可能会让我们对未来的空气传播疾病爆发毫无准备，迫使我们重新学习关于佩戴口罩和改变户外活动以防止传播的重要性的基本教训)”可推知，1918年的流感大流行和咆哮的20年代被提及主要是为了引出下文的观点，说明集体遗忘会带来有害影响，让我们无法应对未来类似的危机。故选B项。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Today, we still lack clear explanations for why our public-health agencies are understaffed and undefended, why supply chains failed, why COVID-19 misinformation was allowed to overflow on media platforms, and why our public-health responses remain passive. (今天，我们仍然没有明确的解释，为什么我们的公共卫生机构人手不足，没有防御，为什么供应链失败，为什么新冠疫情的错误信息被允许在媒体平台上泛滥，为什么我们的公共卫生反应仍然是被动的)”可知，我们无法解释新冠疫情中存在的很多重要的问题。由此推知，在后疫情时代，关于疫情的一系列问题仍有待回答。故选D项。
【35题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“We cannot afford to let the same happen with COVID-19. Our ability to remember the past could affect billions of lives in the future. (我们不能让同样的事情发生在新冠疫情上。我们记忆过去的能力可能会影响未来数十亿人的生活)”可知，作者认为人们不应该遗忘新冠疫情，记住过去才能更好地应对未来。故选A项。
第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
What makes a work of architecture great Most people would argue that aesthetics (美感) are the most important.____36____ However, Roman architect Marcus Vitruvius Pollio believed that we should also consider durability and function when assessing a structure. The Rostonville Library in my city is a great example of Vitruvius’s principles.
Constructed entirely of granite—a hard and tough stone, the library is durable. It can withstand environmental pollution. For example, it is resistant to acid rain. Moreover, its granite structure is stable so it’s more likely to survive an earthquake.____37____ It uses solar energy for heating and a rooftop garden for cooling.
____38____ Providing free access to print and digital information, it conveys a feeling of openness and accessibility. Furthermore, the entire library is on one level, and it has an open design—there are no inner walls or dividers. In addition, large windows let in plenty of natural light, so it’s easy to see and get to each department within the library.
Finally, the library is beautiful, with aesthetically pleasing details both inside and out. The large windows are copper-framed (铜框的). The copper color provides an interesting contrast against the color of the granite structure and it will remain as the copper ages. Growth from the rooftop garden, which reaches down the sides of the building, adds to the aesthetics of the building. ____39____
Durability, functionality and beauty make the Rostonville Library a great structure. Architects who follow Vitruvius’s principles help to make the city more pleasant to live in. ____40____
A. The library is also sustainable.
B. It is true that beauty is critical.
C. This is not the only concern of the architects.
D. The library was designed with functionality in mind.
E. It softens the lines of the structure and helps it to fit into its natural surroundings.
F. Plus，the library was built on the edge of the city park，surrounded by native plants.
G. Buildings that fulfill these criteria offer both peace of mind and beauty for their users.
【答案】36. B 37. A 38. D 39. E 40. G
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了伟大建筑作品除了具有美感以外，还要有耐久性和功能性。
【36题详解】
上文“Most people would argue that aesthetics(美感)are the most important.(大多数人会认为美感是最重要的。)”说明美感的重要性。选项B“的确，美是至关重要的”承接上文，是对上文的肯定。同时引出下文“However, Roman architect Marcus Vitruvius Pollio believed that we should also consider durability and function when assessing a structure.(然而，罗马建筑师Marcus Vitruvius Pollio认为，在评估结构时，我们还应该考虑耐久性和功能。)”，与之构成转折关系。选项B起到承上启下的作用，故选B项。
【37题详解】
下文“It uses solar energy for heating and a rooftop garden for cooling.(它使用太阳能供暖，屋顶花园制冷。)”介绍图书馆使用可持续能源的具体做法。选项A“图书馆也是可持续的”引出下文，说明图书馆使用的能源是可持续的。下文中It指选项中The library，语义一致，故选A项。
【38题详解】
下文“ Providing free access to print and digital information, it conveys a feeling of openness and accessibility. Furthermore, the entire library is on one level, and it has an open design—there are no inner walls or dividers. In addition, large windows let in plenty of natural light, so it’s easy to see and get to each department within the library.(提供免费的印刷和数字信息，它传达了一种开放和无障碍的感觉。此外，整个图书馆都在同一层，它有一个开放的设计——没有内墙或隔板。此外，大窗户让充足的自然光进入，所以很容易看到和到达图书馆的每个部门。)”具体解释了图书馆的设计,充分考虑到了其功能，选项D“图书馆的设计考虑到了功能”概括本段大意。故选D项。
【39题详解】
上文“Growth from the rooftop garden, which reaches down the sides of the building, adds to the aesthetics of the building.(从屋顶花园一直延伸到建筑的两侧，增加了建筑的美感。)”说明屋顶花园增加了建筑和自然环境的联系，选项E“它软化了结构的线条，有助于它融入自然环境”承接上文，说明它的设计融入自然环境。故选E项。
【40题详解】
上文“Durability, functionality and beauty make the Rostonville Library a great structure. Architects who follow Vitruvius’s principles help to make the city more pleasant to live in. (耐用性、功能性和美观性使罗斯顿维尔图书馆成为一个伟大的建筑。遵循Vitruvius原则的建筑师帮助这座城市变得更加宜居。)”介绍伟大的建筑的标准，选项G“满足这些标准的建筑为用户提供了内心的平静和美丽”承接上文，进一步说明满足这些标准带来的内在美。故选G项。
第三节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
When trouble hits someone in your community, how can you respond This year, a wildfire has left many people in my community ____41____ with damaged homes. The community where I live is coming together to ____42____. How does each of us show our ____43____ for those who lost their homes
Imagine a Circle of Care. ____44____ a circle and write the name of a person in ____45____ in the center. Draw ____46____ rings around the first one and write in the names of the people next closest to the crisis. ____47____ outwards. Distant friends and family are within ____48____ circles. The entire ____49____ itself becomes the outer ring. After the firestorm in Santiam Canyon, people posted _____50_____ signs saying “Canyon Strong!” and sent supplies to resource centers.
When I am in the center of such a circle, I do not want to _____51_____ someone who has not experienced my _____52_____ say, “I know exactly how you feel.” Helping people closer to the center of the circle requires more listening than _____53_____.
When you are in a closer ring and _____54_____ someone in the center of the circle, you may _____55_____ their burden and want to express your own feelings. Do it with those further out in the circle. I find this gives me _____56_____ to continue helping those in rings smaller than my own.
Whenever you are in the circle of care, _____57_____ what you are about to say and do. Sometimes it is possible to give physical aid. Sometimes the damage is _____58_____ . Can you calm by _____59_____ to go for a walk with them _____60_____ others and hold them dear.
41.
A. agreeing B. working C. connecting D. struggling
42.
A. reappear B. rebuild C. repeat D. recall
43.
A. care B. strength C. respect D. appreciation
44.
A. Find B. Draw C. Join D. Run
45.
A. debt B. surprise C. crisis D. doubt
46.
A. darker B. larger C. fewer D. nicer
47.
A. Face B. Point C. Pull D. Continue
48.
A. cycling B. certain C. widening D. complete
49.
A. team B. family C. center D. community
50.
A. interesting B. satisfying C. amusing D. encouraging
51.
A. hear B. aid C. imagine D. question
52.
A. joy B. anger C. pain D. freedom
53.
A. talking B. protecting C. lying D. waiting
54.
A. praising B. visiting C. helping D. following
55.
A. forget B. feel C. miss D. increase
56.
A time B. energy C. space D. money
57.
A. give up B. look for C. think about D. deal with
58.
A. emotional B. lasting C. unknown D. visible
59.
A. begging B. deciding C. pretending D. offering
60.
A. Reach out to B. Have faith in C. Keep away from D. Catch sight of
【答案】41. D 42. B 43. A 44. B 45. C 46. B 47. D 48. C 49. D 50. D 51. A 52. C 53. A 54. C 55. B 56. B 57. C 58. A 59. D 60. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者介绍了什么是关怀圈，并认为在别人危难时，应及时伸出援助之手。本文旨在探讨如何正确地对他人表达关心。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：今年，一场野火让我所在社区的许多人在房屋受损的情况下挣扎。A. agreeing同意；B. working工作；C. connecting联系；D. struggling斗争。根据前文“a wildfire has left many people in my community”可知，作者居住的社区着火了，推断出社区里的许多人在房屋受损的情况下挣扎。故选D项。
【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我居住的社区正在一起重建。A. reappear再次出现；B. rebuild重建；C. repeat复述；D. recall回忆。根据前文“The community where I live is coming together”推断出，作者所在的社区人们正在一起努力重建家园。故选B项。
【43题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们每个人如何向那些失去家园的人表达我们的关心 A. care关心；B. strength力量；C. respect尊敬；D. appreciation欣赏；感激。根据后文“for those who lost their homes”可知，对于失去家园的人，作者想要表达关心。故选A项。
【44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：画一个圆圈，在中心写上一个处于危机中的人的名字。A. Find发现；B. Draw绘画；C. Join参加；D. Run跑步。根据后文“Draw ____6____ rings”可知，需要画一个圈。故选B项。
【45题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：画一个圆圈，在中心写上一个处于危机中的人的名字。A. debt债务；B. surprise惊讶；C. crisis危机；D. doubt怀疑。根据后文“write in the names of the people next closest to the crisis”可知，人们要求画一个圆圈，推断出要写下有危机的人的名字。故选C项。
【46题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在第一个周围画大圈，写下离危机最近的人的名字。A. darker更黑暗的；B. larger更大的；C. fewer更少的；D. nicer更好的。根据前文“Draw ____6____ rings around the first one and write in the names of the people next closest to the crisis.”可知，紧挨着中心圆的外圈是一些“大一些”的圆圈。故选B项。
【47题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：继续向外。A. Face面对；B. Point指出；C. Pull拉；D. Continue继续。根据后文“Distant friends and family are within ____8____ circles”可知， 疏远的朋友和家人的圈子越来越大，推断出圈子继续向外扩展。故选D项。
【48题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：疏远的朋友和家人的圈子越来越大。A. cycling骑自行车；B. certain确定的；C. widening扩大的；D. complete完全的。根据前文“Draw ____6____ rings around the first one and write in the names of the people next closest to the crisis.”可知，关系远一些的朋友和亲戚写在再大一些的圆圈里，widen意为“扩大的”，符合语境。故选C项。
【49题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：整个社区本身成为外圈。A. team队伍；B. family家庭；C. center中心；D. community社区。根据前文“When trouble hits someone in your community”可知，作者探讨的是当社区遇到麻烦时，人们的应对方式，community为原词复现。故选D项。
【50题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在圣地亚哥峡谷发生火灾后，人们张贴了鼓励的标语，上面写着“峡谷强大!”并将物资送到资源中心。A. interesting有趣的；B. satisfying令人满意的；C. amusing有趣的；D. encouraging鼓舞人心的。根据后文“Canyon Strong!”可知，大火过后人们贴出的标语非常“鼓舞人心的”。故选D项。
【51题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我处于这样一个圈子的中心时，我不想听到一个没有经历过我痛苦的人说:“我完全了解你的感受。” A. hear听；B. aid帮助；C. imagine想象；D. question盘问。根据后文“Helping people closer to the center of the circle requires more listening than ____13____.”可知，帮助人们更接近圆圈的中心需要更多的倾听，推断出作者以自己为例，指出处于危机中的人并不想“听到”那些没有经历过痛苦的人说：“我完全了解你的感受。”。故选A项。
【52题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我处于这样一个圈子的中心时，我不想听到一个没有经历过我痛苦的人说:“我完全了解你的感受。” A. joy喜悦；B. anger生气；C. pain痛苦；D. freedom自由。根据前文“This year, a wildfire has left many people in my community”可知，作者经历了一场火灾，这是作者感受到的痛苦。故选C项。
【53题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：帮助人们更接近圆圈的中心需要更多的倾听而不是说话。A. talking谈话；B. protecting保护；C. lying说谎；D. waiting等待。根据前文“Helping people closer to the center of the circle requires more listening”可知,危机中的人们需要的时倾听而不是倾诉。故选A项。
【54题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当你在一个更近的圈子里，帮助圆圈中心的人时，你可能会感受到他们的负担，想要表达自己的感受。A. praising赞扬；B. visiting拜访；C. helping帮助；D. following跟随。根据前文“Helping people closer to the center of the circle”可知，作者谈到的是帮助有危机的人们，helping为原词复现。故选C项。
【55题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当你在一个更近的圈子里，帮助圆圈中心的人时，你可能会感受到他们的负担，想要表达自己的感受。A. forget忘记；B. feel感觉；C. miss错过；D. increase增长。根据后文“want to express your own feelings”可知，那些处于危机中的人们遭遇感同身受，页想表达自己的情绪时可以向圈外人诉说，feel和feelings为原词复现关系。故选B项。
【56题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我发现这给了我继续帮助那些比我的圈子小的人的能量。A. time时间；B. energy能量；C. space空间；D. money金钱。根据后文“to continue helping those in rings smaller than my own”可知，作者有了继续帮助那些比我的圈子小的人的能量。故选B项。
【57题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：每当你处在关心的圈子里，想想你要说什么，做什么。A. give up放弃；B. look for寻找；C. think about思考；D. deal with处理。根据后文“what you are about to say and do”可知，作者认为每当你处在关心的圈子里，想想你要说什么，做什么。故选C项。
【58题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有时这种伤害是情感上的。A. emotional情感的；B. lasting持续的；C. unknown未知的；D. visible可见的。根据前文“want to express your own feelings”可知，危机中的人们想要表达他们自己的情感，推断出有时候伤害来自情感。故选A项。
【59题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：你能主动提出和他们一起散步让自己平静下来吗 A. begging祈求；B. deciding决定；C. pretending假装；D. offering提供。根据后文“go for a walk with them”可知，作者提出一些问题例如，你能主动提出和他们一起散步让自己平静下来。故选D项。
【60题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：向他人伸出援手，珍惜他们。A. Reach out to伸出援手；B. Have faith in对…有信心；C. Keep away from远离；D. Catch sight of看见。根据前文“continue helping those in rings smaller than my own”可知，作者想要继续帮助那些比我的圈子小的人，reach out to意为“伸出援手”符合句意。故选A项。
第四节 语法和词汇知识填空（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）
从每题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
61. If he had spent more time practicing speaking English before, he ________ able to speak it much better now.
A. will be B. would be C. has been D. would have been
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他以前多花点时间练习英语口语，他现在就能说得好多了。if从句中的had spent暗示从句是跟过去事实相反的，而主句中的now暗示主句跟现在事实相反，故用would do。故选B。
【点睛】虚拟条件句可以单独作为一个语法项目，因为它涉及不同的时间，导致学生掌握起来较难。掌握虚拟条件句的用法关键把握以下几点：1.理解句意；2.判断句意是事实还是虚拟；3.结合不同时间的虚拟条件句和主句的形式答题。有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致（表示错综时间的虚拟语气），这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。
62. What disappointed him was that the opinion he had stuck ________ out impractical.
A. to turn B. to turning
C. to be turned D. to turned
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语。句意：使他失望的是他坚持的意见被证明是错的。分析句子可知，stick to是动词短语意为“坚持”，turn out是动词短语意为“结果是”，句中he had stuck to是定语从句，修饰限定先行名词the opinion，that引导表语从句，表语从句中谓语动词是turn out，根据What disappointed him was that...可知表语从句使用一般过去时turned out。故选D项。
63. Guide books are prepared to suit the convenience of the traveler, ________ routes round a city or a site are often suggested.
A. for which B. for whom
C. with which D. with whom
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：导游书是为了方便旅行者而准备的，通常会为他们推荐城市或景点的路线。分析句子可知，这是一个“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，从句中表示城市或景点的路线是被推荐给这些旅行者的，先行名词是travelers，关系词替代先行词在从句中作介词for的宾语，用关系代词whom，因此使用介词for+whom的形式引导定语从句。故选B项。
64. It seemed that I had become ________ my parents had wanted me to be.
A. when B. where C. what D. whether
【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：似乎我已经成为了我父母希望我成为的人。动词become后面是宾语从句，从句缺少引导词，且从句中的be缺少表语，所填词应该起双重作用。故选C。
65. The presents will be given to ________ can solve the problem.
A. whom B. who
C. whoever D. no matter who
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：礼物将送给可以解决这个问题的人。分析句子可知，介词to后接宾语从句，从句中缺少主语成分，且表示“无论谁”或“任何人”，因此使用whoever引导宾语从句。故选C项。
第Ⅱ卷（满分55分）
第三部分 英语知识运用
第一节语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的词（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
The guqin is the most classical of Chinese instruments with over 3,000 years of history. There is a lot of literature around the guqin, and information about the guqin is ____66____ (plenty).
To learn to play the guqin used to ____67____ (regard) as a very important element of education for ____68____ purpose of enriching the heart and elevating the human spirit or spiritual communication. In the past, scholars and ladies of the elite society ____69____ (suppose) to master the four traditional arts, namely, qin, qi, shu and hua.
Being at the top of the four traditional arts, the guqin has historically been regarded as one of the most important ____70____ (symbol) of Chinese high culture. ____71____ (Fortunate), a lot of ancient masters or the written scores were burned or destroyed in wars. ____72____ November 2003, the guqin has been registered as one of the masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO.
In the classical repertoire (曲目), there is a famous piece called “High Mountain and Flowing Water” — derived from the ancient story of how the guqin master Bo Ya met his good friend Zi Qi ____73____ was a woodcutter. Even today, when musicians meet ____74____ the first time, they often play this tune to show their ____75____ (respectable) and appreciation to each other.
【答案】66. plentiful
67. be regarded
68. the 69. were supposed
70. symbols
71. Unfortunately
72. Since 73. who##that
74 for 75. respect
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了古琴这一中国传统乐器的历史。
【66题详解】
考查形容词。句意：关于古琴有很多文献，关于古琴的信息也很多。分析句子可知，这里使用形容词作表语，plenty的形容词形式是plentiful。故填plentiful。
【67题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：学习古琴曾经被视为一种非常重要的教育元素，目的是丰富心灵，提升人类精神或精神交流。分析句子可知，句中存在谓语used，因此这里使用非谓语动词，且逻辑主语为to learn to play the guqin，与reagrd之间为被动关系，且use to do是固定搭配意为“过去经常做……”，因此使用to be regarded。故填be regarded。
【68题详解】
考查冠词。句意：学习古琴曾经被视为一种非常重要的教育元素，目的是丰富心灵，提升人类精神或精神交流。分析句子可知，这里表示特指丰富心灵、提升人类精神或精神交流的目的，因此使用定冠词the限定purpose。故填the。
【69题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的精英社会中，文人雅士应该要掌握四门传统艺术，即琴、棋、书、画。分析句子可知，句中无谓语动词，此处应使用谓语动词，且be supposed to do是固定搭配意为“应该做……”，根据主语scholars and ladies复数以及时间状语in the past可知，这里be动词使用were。故填were supposed。
【70题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：古琴是中国四大传统艺术之首，历来被视为中国高级文化的重要象征之一。分析句子可知，这里表示几个当中的一个，使用one of+名词复数形式，用可数名词symbol的复数形式。故填symbols。
【71题详解】
考查副词。句意：不幸的是，许多古代大师或书写的乐谱在战争中被烧毁或毁坏。分析句子可知，句子表示许多古代大师或书写的乐谱在战争中被烧毁或毁坏，因此这是一件不幸的事情，fortunately是副词意为“幸运的是”，这里使用反义词形式unfortunately，且位于句首首字母需大写。故填Unfortunately。
【72题详解】
考查介词。句意：自从2003年11月，古琴被联合国教科文组织列为人类非物质遗产代表作之一。分析句子可知，句子使用现在完成时，可推知应使用介词since引导，且位于句首首字母需大写。故填Since。
【73题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：在古典曲目中，有一首名为《高山流水》的曲目，源于古琴大师伯牙如何结识他的好朋友、木刻家子期的古老故事。分析句子可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词是Zi Qi，是人，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，因此使用who或that引导定语从句。故填who/that。
【74题详解】
考查介词。句意：即使在今天，当音乐家们第一次见面时，他们也经常演奏这首曲子来表达他们对彼此的尊敬和感激。分析句子可知，此处需要介词短语作状语，for the first time作时间状语表示“第一次”。故填for。
【75题详解】
考查名词。句意：即使在今天，当音乐家们第一次见面时，他们也经常演奏这首曲子来表达他们对彼此的尊敬和感激。分析句子可知，这里需要使用名词作show的宾语，因此使用 respectable的名词形式respect，且respect是不可数名词。故填respect。
第二节 单词拼写（共5小题；每题1分，满分5分）
根据下列各句句意和汉语提示，在指定区域的横线上写出对应单词的正确形式，每空只写一词。
76. Nie Haisheng, one of the greatest ________(宇航员), has been in space three times. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】astronauts
【解析】
【详解】考查名词的数。句意：聂海胜，最伟大的宇航员之一，已经三次进入太空。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查“宇航员”对应的名词astronaut的复数形式，在句子中作宾语，表示泛指。故填astronauts。
77. The parents ________ (替换) a red ball for the blue one to see if the baby would notice. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】substituted
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：父母把红色的球替换成蓝色的，看看婴儿是否会注意到。根据汉语提示“替换”，以及从句过去将来时可知，主句也应使用一般过去时，substitute是动词意为“替换”。故填substituted。
78. My father bought me a desk, whose height is ________(可调整的). (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】adjustable
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我父亲给我买了一张桌子，它的高度可以调节。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查“可调整的”对应的形容词adjustable，在句子中作表语。故填adjustable。
79. All the rooms here in our Banyan Hotel are ________（舒适）furnished. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】comfortably
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：我们悦榕酒店所有的房间都布置得很舒适。该空需要一个副词修饰动词furnished，副词comfortably意为“舒适”。故填comfortably。
80. When we arrived at the village, Tombe's mother, Kiak, was seen ________（除草）in her garden. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】weeding
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当我们到达村庄时，看到了Tombe的母亲Kiak在她的花园里除草。根据汉语提示“除草”，以及上文was seen可知，此处应填weed的非谓语动词形式作宾语补足语，且Tombe's mother与weed之间为主动关系，表示正在进行的动作，因此使用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填weeding。
第四部分 写作（共两节满分35分）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
81. 文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
My grandmother is born on a farm in California. At 18, she left home and worked as a house keeper in a painter’s house until she married with my grandfather at 27. A couple farmed for most of their lives, first in Virginia and then in New York. In my grandmother’s late seventy, she made a decision learn to paint. She said she just wanted to keep busily, though she had had that dream since she first saw his former employer paint. A few years later, her hard work finally paid for. Her pictures were first selling at a local market and were soon noticed by a businessman, that bought everything she painted.
【答案】1. is→was 2. 删除with 3. A→The 4. seventy→seventies 5. 在learn后面加to
6. busily→busy 7. his→her 8. for→off 9. selling→sold 10. that→who
【解析】
【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述作者祖母的故事。
【详解】1. 考查谓语动词时态。句意：我的祖母出生在加利福尼亚州的一个农场。分析句子结构和意思可知，这句话描述的是过去的事情，谓语用一般过去时。故将is改为was。
2. 考查动词。句意：18岁时，她离开了家，在一家画家家当管家，直到27岁与我祖父结婚。分析句子结构和意思可知，marry作“娶，嫁”的意思时，是及物动词，后面不用介词。故将with删除。
3. 考查冠词。句意：这对夫妇一生大部分时间都在务农，先是在弗吉尼亚州，然后在纽约。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里指上文提到的祖母和祖父这对夫妻，所以用the修饰，表示特指。故将A改为The。
4. 考查固定短语。句意：在我祖母快70岁的时候，她决定学习绘画。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查固定短语in one’s +整十的数词的复数形式，意为“在……几十多岁的时候”。故将seventy改为seventies。
5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：见第4题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要动词不定式作后置定语，修饰前面的名词decision。故在learn后面加to。
6. 考查形容词。句意：她说她只是想继续忙碌，尽管自从她第一次看到他的前雇主画画以来，她就有了这个梦想。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要形容词，作表语。故将busily改为busy。
7. 考查代词。句意：见第6题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要用代词代替上文提到的grandmother，所以用her。故将his改为her。
8. 考查动词短语。句意：几年后，她的辛勤工作终于有了回报。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查动词短语，意为“有回报”。故将for改为off。
9. 考查非谓语动词。句意：她的画最初在当地市场上出售，很快就被一位商人注意到，这位商人买下了她画的所有东西。分析句子结构和意思可知，动词sell和主语pictures是逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词形式，作表语，表示被动。故将selling改为sold。
10. 考查定语从句。句意：见第9题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要连词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词businessman在从句中作主语，指人，用关系代词who引导。故将that改为who。
第二节 书面表达（满分25分）
82. 你校学生会经常组织学生到乡村小学，与那里的学生一起举办一系列的活动；也邀请那里的部分学生到你校学生家做客。请你给你校英语报写一篇英文报道，内容包括：
1、介绍活动的具体内容；2、号召更多同学加入。
注意：1、词数100左右；
2、可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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【答案】 Our Students’ Union often holds a series of activities with countryside students. Not only does it help the students there to make their school life colorful, but also it makes us feel the great joy of sharing.
We’ve done a lot there. Firstly, we often donate our books, clothes, basketballs, electronic products and so on. Secondly, we frequently write to them to share opinions and make friends with them. What’s more, we occasionally invite them to our homes during the holidays. It has left them unforgettable memories.
We do hope more students will join in the meaningful activities to do what we can to make a better world for us all.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生围绕校学生会在当地乡村小学举办活动写一篇英文报道。
【详解】1.词汇积累
快乐：joy→happiness
经常地：frequently →often
希望：hope→wish
电子产品：electronic products→ electronic devices
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：What’s more, we occasionally invite them to our homes during the holidays. It has left them unforgettable memories.
拓展句：What’s more, we occasionally invite them to our homes during the holidays, which has left them unforgettable memories.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Not only does it help the students there to make their school life colorful, but also it makes us feel the great joy of sharing.（运用了not only置于句首的倒装句）
【高分句型2】We do hope more students will join in the meaningful activities to do what we can to make a better world for us all.（运用了省略引导词that的宾语从句）
