人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册Unit 3 Food And Culture Discover Useful Structures 导学案（无答案）
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| 名称 | 人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册Unit 3 Food And Culture Discover Useful Structures 导学案（无答案） |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2024-05-17 12:48:11 | ||
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选择性必修二 unit3
过去完成时和过去完成时的被动语态
《课程标准解读》
新课程标准对于高中英语语法教学提出了新的要求。新课程标准强调学生的综合素质的培养和能力的培养，要求培养学生的听、说、读、写的能力。在语法教学中，不再将语法知识单独剥离出来进行教学，而是融入到语言运用的实际场景中，以提高学生的综合语言运用能力。因此，在教学中，教师应注重培养学生对语法知识的掌握和灵活运用，而不仅仅是死记硬背。
【知识讲解】
1. 过去完成时的概念、构成及基本用法
(1)概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。
(2)基本结构：had＋动词过去分词
1．肯定句：主语＋had＋动词过去分词＋其他。
He had already been to New York earlier this week.
2．否定句：主语＋had＋not＋动词过去分词＋其他。
At that time we hadn't met her.
3．疑问句：Had＋主语＋动词过去分词＋其他？
—Had you visited here before
4．特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组＋had＋主语＋过去分词＋其他？
Where had you been before you came here
(3)基本用法
〈1〉表示在过去某一时间或动作之前就已经发生或完成的动作。这个动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”，这一过去时间可用by, before等构成的短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。
[1]I had finished my homework before I had lunch.
[2]By the time he left the company, he had gained a lot of experience.
〈2〉表示从过去某一时间开始，延续到过去另一时间的动作。这个动作可能还要延续下去，常与for, since构成的表示一段时间的短语或since引导的表示一段时间的从句连用。
[3]I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.
[4]He said that great changes had taken place in his hometown since 2000．
〈3〉表示原计划或打算做某事而事实上没做。常用动词有：want, mean, plan, hope, suppose, expect, intend等。
[5]They had wanted to offer help but couldn't get there in time.
〈4〉固定句式中的过去完成时。
a.It/This/That was the first/second...time that sb. had done sth.
这是/那是某人第一/第二……次做某事。
[6]This was the second time that the musician had toured Europe.
b．用于hardly/scarcely...when, no sooner...than句式中。注意：no sooner, hardly/scarcely所在的主句通常用过去完成时，而than和when后的从句通常用一般过去时。
[7]The audience had hardly been seated when the saxophone solo started.
[8]I had no sooner finished my opinion than he cast a broad smile over me.
〈5〉用于虚拟语气中，表示与过去事实相反的情况，常用于wish/would rather/if only/as if/as though等的从句中。
[9]I wish I had not told her the truth last night.
[10]I would rather I hadn't attended the party.
[11]He kept working as though nothing had happened.
2.过去完成时的被动语态
(1)构成：had been done
(2)用法：
〈1〉表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的被动动作，常与before, by the time等引导的时间状语连用。
By the time he got to the school，the first class had been finished.
〈2〉表示从过去某一时间开始，延续到过去另一时间的被动动作，常与for, since构成的表示一段时间的短语或since引导的表示一段时间的从句连用。
It was reported that the auction had been advertised for several weeks.
【 学生】
即学即练
1.When the police arrived, the thieves ________ (run) away.
2.The troops went to the forest in search of the pilot who ________ (survive) the air crash.
3.We ________ (paint) the house before we moved in.
4.She said (that) she ________ never ________ (be) to Paris.
5.Our plan failed because we ________ (make) a bad mistake.
6.Tom says he ________ (read) the book twice.
7.When he was young, he ________ (work) on the farm for three years.
8.I ________ (plan) to help you, but I was too busy.
9.—Did you visit the Disneyland of Shanghai
—I ________ (intend) to, but I decided to stay with my sick mother at the last minute.
10.It was the first time that she ________ (operate) a sewing machine.
过去完成时和过去完成时的被动语态
《课程标准解读》
新课程标准对于高中英语语法教学提出了新的要求。新课程标准强调学生的综合素质的培养和能力的培养，要求培养学生的听、说、读、写的能力。在语法教学中，不再将语法知识单独剥离出来进行教学，而是融入到语言运用的实际场景中，以提高学生的综合语言运用能力。因此，在教学中，教师应注重培养学生对语法知识的掌握和灵活运用，而不仅仅是死记硬背。
【知识讲解】
1. 过去完成时的概念、构成及基本用法
(1)概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。
(2)基本结构：had＋动词过去分词
1．肯定句：主语＋had＋动词过去分词＋其他。
He had already been to New York earlier this week.
2．否定句：主语＋had＋not＋动词过去分词＋其他。
At that time we hadn't met her.
3．疑问句：Had＋主语＋动词过去分词＋其他？
—Had you visited here before
4．特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组＋had＋主语＋过去分词＋其他？
Where had you been before you came here
(3)基本用法
〈1〉表示在过去某一时间或动作之前就已经发生或完成的动作。这个动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”，这一过去时间可用by, before等构成的短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。
[1]I had finished my homework before I had lunch.
[2]By the time he left the company, he had gained a lot of experience.
〈2〉表示从过去某一时间开始，延续到过去另一时间的动作。这个动作可能还要延续下去，常与for, since构成的表示一段时间的短语或since引导的表示一段时间的从句连用。
[3]I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.
[4]He said that great changes had taken place in his hometown since 2000．
〈3〉表示原计划或打算做某事而事实上没做。常用动词有：want, mean, plan, hope, suppose, expect, intend等。
[5]They had wanted to offer help but couldn't get there in time.
〈4〉固定句式中的过去完成时。
a.It/This/That was the first/second...time that sb. had done sth.
这是/那是某人第一/第二……次做某事。
[6]This was the second time that the musician had toured Europe.
b．用于hardly/scarcely...when, no sooner...than句式中。注意：no sooner, hardly/scarcely所在的主句通常用过去完成时，而than和when后的从句通常用一般过去时。
[7]The audience had hardly been seated when the saxophone solo started.
[8]I had no sooner finished my opinion than he cast a broad smile over me.
〈5〉用于虚拟语气中，表示与过去事实相反的情况，常用于wish/would rather/if only/as if/as though等的从句中。
[9]I wish I had not told her the truth last night.
[10]I would rather I hadn't attended the party.
[11]He kept working as though nothing had happened.
2.过去完成时的被动语态
(1)构成：had been done
(2)用法：
〈1〉表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的被动动作，常与before, by the time等引导的时间状语连用。
By the time he got to the school，the first class had been finished.
〈2〉表示从过去某一时间开始，延续到过去另一时间的被动动作，常与for, since构成的表示一段时间的短语或since引导的表示一段时间的从句连用。
It was reported that the auction had been advertised for several weeks.
【 学生】
即学即练
1.When the police arrived, the thieves ________ (run) away.
2.The troops went to the forest in search of the pilot who ________ (survive) the air crash.
3.We ________ (paint) the house before we moved in.
4.She said (that) she ________ never ________ (be) to Paris.
5.Our plan failed because we ________ (make) a bad mistake.
6.Tom says he ________ (read) the book twice.
7.When he was young, he ________ (work) on the farm for three years.
8.I ________ (plan) to help you, but I was too busy.
9.—Did you visit the Disneyland of Shanghai
—I ________ (intend) to, but I decided to stay with my sick mother at the last minute.
10.It was the first time that she ________ (operate) a sewing machine.