2016年中考二轮专题复习-----动词的时态和语态及非谓语动词

动词的时态和语态及非谓语动词
【考点直击】
1.动词的八种时态的构成及用法；2.动词被动语态的构成及用法；3.非谓语动词的构成及用法；4.近义动词的用法区别。
【名师点睛】
一、动词的时态
　　英语时态用共有十六种时态，其中常用的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )有8种，它们是：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时、过去进行时、过去完成时和过去将来时。
（1）一般现在时的基本用法
1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。
　 时间状语： every…, sometimes,　at…, on Sunday
　 I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。
　 The earth moves around the sun.
　 Shanghai lies in the east of China.
3) 表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes before a fall.
【注意】此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
例：Columbus proved that the earth is round..
4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。　 I don't want so much.
5) 某些动词如 come, go, mo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve, stop, leave, arrive, be, finish, continue, start 等，在一般现在时句中可用来表示将来肯定会发生的动作。
　　 The train comes at 3 o'clock.
　 6) 在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，一般现在时代替一般将来时。
　　 I'll help you as ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )soon as you have problem. 　　 Tell Xiao Li about it if you meet him.
（2）一般过去时的用法： 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　表示过去某一时刻或某一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )段时间内所发生的动作或情况，通常一般过去式带有表示动作时间状语的词，词组或从句,如 yesterday, the day before last, last week, two days ago 等,上下文清楚时可以不带时间状语。 　　I worked in that factory last year.
【注意】
1) 过去经常反复发生的动作，也可用u ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sed to或would加动词原形来表达，例如： I used to go fishing on Sundays.
2) “used to”也可用于表示过去曾经存在过的状态。例如： This river used to be clean.
（3）一般将来时的用法
1）表示将来的动作或状态。例如： I shall attend the meeting tomorrow.
2）表示将来反复发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：He will go to see his mother every Saturdays.
3）表示将来的意愿，决心，许诺， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )命令等时常用will，征求对方意见，主语是第一人称时，常用shall。　I will do my best to catch up with them. Shall I open the door
4）be + going + 动词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )不定式。也是一种将来时句型，表示打算，计划，最近或将来要作的某事。 I am going to Beijing next week.
5）be + 动词不定式。表示有职责，义务，可能，约定，意图等。
There is to be a meet ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing this afternoon. 　 We are to meet the guests at the station.
6）be about + 动词不定式，表示马上，很快作某事。 They are about to leave.
（4）现在进行时的用法
　 1) 现在进行时的用法 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )表示说话者说话时正在发生或者进行的动作， 它注重现在正在进行的动作，而不管动作从什么时间开始，到什么时间结束。 What are you doing now
I am looking for my key.
2) 现在进行时表示目前一段时间内正在进行的动作（但说话时这个动作不一定在进行）。
The students are preparing for the examination.
3) 某些动词的现在进行 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )时可以表示即将发生的动作，这些动词有 arrive, come, leave, start等。 They are going to Hong Kong tomorrow.
【注意】有些动词一般不可以用于进行时态
①表示状态的动词，尤其是静态动词，如：be, have
②表示认识、知觉和情感的动词，如：kn ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ow, think, hear, find, see, like, want, wish, prefer等。
（5）现在完成时的用法
　 1) 现在完成时表示在说话之前已经完成或刚完成的动作。
　　 I have bought a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ten-speed bicycle. 　 They have cleaned the classroom.
　 2) 现在完成时表示动作从过去 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )开始持续到现在，或者还有可能持续下去的动作或状态。 现在完成时常与for 和 since 引导的短语或从句连用。
We have lived here s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ince 1976. 　 They have waited for more than two hours.
【注意】一般过去时与现在完成时的区别
　 过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响；一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用。
试比较：
I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了，不涉及现在）
I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
（6）过去进行时的用法
表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。例如：I was watching TV when she came to see me.
【注意】
过去进行时和一般过去时都是过去发生的事 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )情，但过去进行时侧重表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或所处的状态，强调动作的连续进行，而一般过去时则表示单纯的过去事实，例如：
They were building a house last month. （上个月正在建造，建造好与否不知）
They built a new house last month. （上个月建造好了，动作已经完成）
（7）过去完成时的用法
　　过去完成时表示过去某一时刻 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )或某一动作之前完成的动作或所处的状态，过去完成时常和 by , before 等词组成的短语和从句连用。 We had already learned two thousands words by the end of last year. 　　When we arrived at the station, they had waited for more than twenty minutes.
（8）过去将来时的用法
过去将来时表示从过去某个时间看将要发生 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的动作或存在地状态，过去将来时较多地被运用在宾语从句中。例如：They were going to have a meeting. I told him that I would see him off at the station.
二、动词的语态：
(一)语态概述
英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。例如：Many people speak Chinese.
谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的对象。例如：Chinese is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。
(二)被动语态的构成
被动语态由"助动词be＋及物 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )动词的过去分词"构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。
十种常见时态的被动语态
1. 一般现在时
主动语态：do 被动语态：am/ is are /done
We clean the clas ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sroom every day. 我们每天打扫教室。 The classroom is cleaned by us every day. 教室每天都由我们打扫。 Russian is not taught in our school. 我们学校不教俄语。
2. 一般过去时
主动语态：did 被动语态：was/were done
We cleaned the cl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )assroom yesterday. 昨天我们打扫了教室。 The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday. 昨天教室被我们打扫了。 The window was broken by my son. 窗子是我儿子打破的。
3. 一般将来时
主动语态：will/shall do 被动语态：will/shall be done
We will clean the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )classroom soon. 我们很快要打扫教室。 The classroom will be cleaned soon. 教室很快要被打扫了。 Will the school sports meeting be held next week？ 校运动会将在下星期举行吗？
4. 一般过去将来时
主动语态：would do 被动语态：would be done
We told him that we would clean the classroom soon. 我们告诉他我们马上就打扫教室。
We told him that the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) classroom would be cleaned soon. 我们告诉他教室很快就会被打扫的。
5. 现在进行时
主动语态：am/is/are doing 被动语态：am/is/are being done
We are cleaning ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the classroom now. 我们现在正在打扫教室。 The classroom is being cleaned now. 教室现在正在被打扫。
6. 过去进行时
主动语态：was/were doing 被动语态：was/were being done
We were cleaning the classroom this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候我们在打扫教室。
The classroom was being cleaned this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候教室正在被打扫
7. 现在完成时
主动语态：has/have done 被动语态：has/have been done
The classroom looks tidy. We have cleaned it. 教室看起来很整洁。我们已经打扫了。
The classroom looks tidy. It has been cleaned. 教室看起来很整洁。它已经被打扫了
Many foreign fil ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ms have been shown on TV since last month. 上个月以来，电视中播放了许多外国影片。
8. 过去完成时
主动语态：had done 被动语态：had been done
The classroom looked tidy. We had cleaned it. 教室看起来很整洁。我们已经打扫过了。
The classroom looked tidy. It had been cleaned. 教室看起来很整洁。它已经被打扫过了。
9. 将来完成时
主动语态：will/shall have done 被动语态：will/shall have been done
We will have cleaned the classroom by five o'clock. 我们将在五点之前打扫完教室。
The classroom will have been cleaned by five o'clock. 教室将在五点以前打扫完。
The new books wil ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l have been entered in the register before another parcel arrives. 这些新书在下一批书到来前将登记完毕。
10. 过去将来完成时
主动语态：would have done 被动语态：would have been done
I said we would have cleaned the classroom by 500. 我说我们将在五点之前打扫完教室。
I said the classroom would have been cleaned by 500. 我说教室将在五点以前打扫完。
The headmaster ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) said the article would have been translated by the end of next month. 校长说文章将在下月底翻译好。
(三)被动语态的用法
(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
例如：Some new comput ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ers were stolen last night.　一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)
This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。
(2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的执行者。 例如：The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。 This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。　Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。
(四)主动语态变被动语态的方法
(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。
(3)把主动语态中的主语放 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：All the people laughed at him. He was laughed at by all people. They make the bikes in the factory.
The bikes are ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) made by them in the factory. He cut down a tree. A tree was cut down by him.
(五)含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由"情态 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )动词＋be＋过去分词"构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后"to"仍要保留。例如：We can repair this watch in two days. This watch can be repaired in two days. They should do it at once. It should be done at once.
(六)主动形式表示被动意义:
1. 某些连系动词(如look, sound ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), smell, feel, taste, prove等)要用主动表被动，因为连系动词为不及物动词，它们没有被动语态形式。例如：The school looks beautiful. 这所学校看起来很美。Your idea sounds a good one. 你的想法听起来很好。
2. 当read, wash, clean, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) cook, cut, wear等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常要用主动形式表示被动意义。例如：The cloth washes well. 这种布料好洗。The book sells quickly. 这书销售得快。
This shirt will wear very long. 这衬衫可以穿很久。
【注】该用法通常与well, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) easily, slowly, quickly等副词连用，并且在用于以上意思时通常不宜直接使用被动语态形式。不过在某些特殊情况下也可用被动语态，只是含义稍有不同(用主动形式表示主语的属性，用被动形式表示动作执行者所执行的动作)：
The sentences read clearly. 这些句子读起来很清楚。(即这句子没有歧义)
The sentences are read clearly. 这些句子被读得很清楚。(指读的人读得好)
3. 某些表示开始和结束的动词( ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )begin, start, finish, end等)，当主语为事物且不强调动作的执行者时，可用主动语态表示被动意义：
When does the concert ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) begin 音乐会什么时候开始？ The play ended at ten o’clock. 戏10点钟结束。
4. 某些“be+形容词+to do”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义：
The question is dif ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ficult to answer. 这问题很难回答。Do you think the water is safe to drink 你认为这水喝起来安全吗
【注】这类结构的特点是句子主语就是 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )其后不定式的逻辑宾语，按理说其中的不定式要用被动形式，但习惯上却要用主动表被动。这类形容词常见的有dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, impossible, interesting, nice, pleasant, safe等。
5. 不定式用于某些动词(如ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve, have got, get, want, need等)的宾语后作定语时，如果不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，则要用主动形式表示被动意义：
I have some letters ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to write. 我有一些信要写。I want something to drink. 我想喝点什么。
I want to get something to read. 我想找点东西阅读。
【注】如果不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，则应用被动式，比较：
I have something to type. 我有些东西要打(字)。(指自己打字)
I have something to be typed. 我有些东西要打(字)。(指请人打字)
6. be worth后的动名词要用主动表被动：例如：The film is worth seeing. 这部电影值得看。
The machine is not worth repairing. 这台机器不值得修理了。
7. 在need, want, require等少数表示“需要”的动词后的动名词用主动形式表被动意义：
The child needs l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ooking after. 这小孩需要照看。例如：My hair wants cutting. 我的头发要理了。【注】以上结构中的动名词改用不定式则要用被动式表示被动意义：例如：The child needs to be looked after. 这小孩需要照看。My hair wants to be cut. 我的头发要理了。
三、非谓语动词
对非谓语动词的考点是：感官动词后不定 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )式作宾语补足语和动词ing形式作宾语补足语的用法；一些特殊动词的动词不定式作宾语补足语时不带to，但变为被动语态时就要带to；有些动词既可接不定式也可接动词ing形式作宾语，但表达的意思不同。这些都是历年中考的重点。
（1）非谓语动词的形式
非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词，形容词或副词作用的动词形式，而不是作谓语的动词形式。 动词的非谓语形式分为动名词，分词，动词不定式。
（2）不定式作宾语补足语Father will not allow us to play on the street.　　　　　　　
（3）不定式作目的状语He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.　
（4）用不定式和分词作补足语都可以的动词
这样的动词有感官动词如：see, he ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ar, look, notice, observe, feel等，使役动词如：have, make, leave, keep, get等。接不定式表示动作的完整性，真实性；+doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性。 I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实)
I saw him w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )orking in the garden yesterday.（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作）昨天我见他正在花园里干活。
（5）用不带to不定式的情况
使役动词如： let, have, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) make等和感官动词如： see, watch, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补，省略to。在被动语态中则to不能省掉。
（6）接动名词与不定式意义不同
1) stop to do　停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事。 stop doing　停止做某事。
2) forget to do　忘记要去做某事。　(未做) forget doing　忘记做过某事。(已做)
3) remember to do 记得去做某事　(未做) remember doing　记得做过某事　 (已做)
4) try to do　努力，企图做某事。 try doing　 试验，试着做某事。
5) go on to do　做了一件事后，接着做另一件事。go on doing　 继续做原来做的事。
6) mean to do　 打算、想mean doing　意味着
四、容易混淆的常用动词的辨析
(1) say, speak, talk, tell的用法。
1) say表示讲话，作为及物动词使用，后跟宾语或宾语从句。He said he would go there.
It's time to leave. We have to say goodbye to you.
2)speak表示“讲话 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )”，一般作为不及物动词使用，而有时作为及物动词后面跟上各种语言作为宾语。Do you speak English May I speak to Mr Pope, please
3) talk表示“谈话”，是不及物动词，与to , about, with等连用，才可以接宾语。
What are you talk ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing about Mr Jackson is talking with my father in the office now.
4) tell 表示“告诉，讲述 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )”是及物动词，可以带双宾语或复合宾语。She told us an interesting story yesterday. My teacher told me that we would have an English exam the next month.
(2) look, see, watch和watch的用法。
1) look强调“看”这个动作，是不及物动词，常与at连用，然后接宾语。
Look! The girl is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) swimming in the lake. Look at the picture carefully. Can you find something unusual
2) see 指“看见”某物，强调的是结果。
They can't se ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e the words on the blackboard. Does Lily often go to see a film on Sunday
3) watch 指的是“观看”，“注视”之意。
The twins are w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )atching TV now. He will go to watch a volleyball match.
4） read指“看书”、“看报”、“阅读” ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )之意。Don't read in the sun. I like to read newspapers when I am free.
(3) borrow, lend和keep的区别：
1) borrow意思为“借入”，常常与from连用，是非延续性动词，表示瞬间即能完成的动作。
Meimei borrowed a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )book from the library just now. May I borrow your dictionary
2) lend 是“借出”之意，常常与to连用，同borrow一样，是非延续性动词，只表示瞬间即能完成的动作。
Uncle Wany h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )as lent his car to Mr Li. Could you lend us your radio, please
3) keep是“保存”的意思，动作可以延续。
How long can ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the recorder be kept The farmer kept the pat for two weeks.
(4) bring, take, carry 和get的用法。
1) bring意思为“拿来”、“带来”。指将某物或某人从别处“带来”。
Bring me the book, please. May I bring Jim to see you next Saturday
2) take意思是“拿走”，“带走”，把某物或某人从这里“带来”或“拿到”某处之意。
It looks like rain ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ). Take a raincoat with you. Mother took the little girl to the next room.
3) carry 是“带着、搬运、携带”的意思，指随身携带，有背着、扛着、抱着、提着的含义，不表明来去的方向。
Do you always carry a handbag The box is heavy. Can you carry it
4) get是去某处将某物拿回来。
Please go to my off ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ice to get some chalk. There is no water in the bottle. Why not get some
(5) wear, put on和dress的区别
1) wear是“穿着”“戴着”的意思，可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽子、戴手套、佩戴首饰等，强调“穿着”的状态。
Tom always wears bla ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ck shoes. He wears a raincoat even when it is fine.
She doesn't like to wear a red flowers in her hair.
2) put on是“穿上”“戴上”的意思，可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽等。着重于穿戴的动作。
It's cold. You'd be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tter put on your coat. He put on his hat and went out of the room.
3) dress可以作及物动词和不及物动词， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )有“穿着”“打扮”的意思。作“穿着”解时，只用于穿衣服，不用于穿鞋、戴帽、戴手套。作为及物动词用时，它的宾语是人，不是衣服。dress sb. （给某人穿衣服），而wear作“穿着”用时，也是及物动词，但它的宾语是物，不是人，即wear sth.（穿着衣物）。
She always dres ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ses well. Get up and dress quickly. Mary is dressing her child.
(6) take, spend 和use的用法。
1) take指做某事用多少时间， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句型是：It takes/took/ will take + sb. +some time + to do sth.
It took me three days to finish the work.
It will take you a while week to travel thought the forest.
It takes only one hour to fly to Shanghai.
2) spend指某人在某事 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )（物）上花费时间或钱。句型是：Someone spends + money/time + on something(in) doing sth.
She spent more than 500 yuan on that coat.
He didn't spend much time on his lessons.
He spent much time (in) correcting students' exercises.
Mother spent her evenings (in) washing clothes.
3) use表示使用工具、手段等。
Do you know how to use the computer Shall we use your car
(7)reach, get 和arrive的区别：
1) reach是及物动词，后面要直接跟表示地点的名词作宾语。
After the train had le ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ft, they reached the station We reached the top of the mountain at last.
2) get是不及动词，常与to连用，再接名词，后面接表示地点的副词时，不用to，get to常用于口语中。
When the students got to the cinema, the film had begun.
My sister was cooking when mother got home.
3) arrive是不及物动词，表示到达一个小地方时，用arrive at, 到达一个大地方时用arrive in。
The soldiers arrived ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at a small village The foreigners will arrive in Shanghai tomorrow.
【专项练习一】
( ) 1. -- How long may I ______ your book
--For a week. But you musn’t ______ it to others.
A. borrow; lend B. keep; lend C. lend; borrow D. keep; borrow
( ) 2. It won ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )’t ______ them much time to fly to Beijing from Shanghai.
A. spend B. use C. take D. pay
( ) 3. Mr Wang ______ be in Nanjing now, he went to Beijing only this morning.
A. mu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )stn’t be B. may not C. can’t D. needn’t
( ) 4. –Do ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )you like the music the Moonlight Sonata --Yes, it ______ really beautiful.
A. feels ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. sounds C. listens D. hears
( ) 5. Lily finished _______ the book yesterday.
A. read B. reading C. to read D. reads
( ) 6. Mrs Brown isn’t here. She has to ______ her baby at home.
A. look a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t B. look for C. look like D. look after
( ) 7. I have t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o go now. please remember to _______ the lights when you leave.
A. tur ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n off B. turn down C. turn up D. turn on
( ) 8. Susan’s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) parents have bought a large house with a swimming pool. It _______ be very expensive.
A. must ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. can C. mustn’t D. can’t
( ) 9. –It’s too ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) hot. Would you mind _______ the door -- _______. Please do it now.
A. to open; OK B. opening; Certainly not
C. opening; Of course D. to open; Good idea
( ) 10. I want to _______ this book for a month.
A. borrow B. keep C. lend D. get
( ) 11. –How ma ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ny times _______ you _______ to Beijing this year --Three times.
A. have; b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )een B. had; been C. have; gone D. had; gone
( ) 12. What a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nice bag! But she _______ only thirty dollars for it.
A. cost B. took C. spend D. paid
( ) 13. Cotton _______ nice and soft.
A. is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) felt B. is feeling C. feel D. feels
( ) 14. I thin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )k this is the best way to solve the problem. Do you _______ me
A. play w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ith B. hear of C. agree with D. get on well with
( ) 15. –Guess w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ho is coming to supper. – I don’t know. _______ me.
A. Speak B. Say C. Tell D. Tell
( ) 16. Please _______ your phones here with you tomorrow.
A. take ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. bring C. carry D. lift
( ) 17. Don’t _______ your lessons. We’ll help you.
A. worry ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. worried about C. be worried about D. be afraid
( ) 18. The window is broken. Try to _______ who broke it.
A. find ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )out B. find C. look D. look for
( ) 19. He ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) could _______ neither French nor German. So I ______ with him in English.
A. speak; talked B. talk; told C. say; spoke D. tell; talked
( ) 20. The ti ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cket is on the floor. Would you please _______ for me
A. pick ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )it up B. pick up it C. pick up them D. pick them up
( ) 21. If ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) you don’t know a word, you must _______ the word in a dictionary.
A. look ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) up B. look down C. look over D. look out
( ) 22. It’s time for class. We’d better _______.
A. stop ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to talk B. to stop to talk C. stop talking D. to stop talking
( ) 23. There w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )as a strange sound outside. Mary went out and _______ around, but she _______ nothing.
A. looked; s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )aw B. saw; saw C. watched; looked D. looked; find
( ) 24. The wo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )man _______ the child quickly and took him to hospital.
A. put on ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. dressed C. had on D. was wearing
( ) 25. –Oh, you painted the walls yourself
--Yes. It was not hard. The whole work didn’t _______ much.
A. want B. cost C. spend D. pay
( ) 26. --_______ all your things, Tom! I hate them here and there. –OK, Mum.
A. Put up B. Put on C. Put down D. Put away
( ) 27. Yuki loves ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) wearing strange hats because she wants people to _______ her.
A. believe B. control C. notice D. visit
( ) 28. _______! It’s the music of Mozart. Be quiet.
A. Hear B. Sound C. Sing D. Listen
( ) 29. –The room ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) is so dirty. _______ we clean it -- Of course.
A. Will B. Would C. Do D. Shall
( ) 30. We must d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o something to stop people from _______.A. to throw litter about B. to throw litter into C. throwing litter about D. throwing litter into
中考连接
动词时态（1）
【白银】1. Every stu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dent who ____ in the same group takes part in his birthday party.
A. st ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )udy B. studies C. are studying D. have studied
【扬州】2. My grandmo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ther ________ in Yangzhou. She was born there and has never lived
anywhere else.
A. lived B. lives C. was living D. will live
【鞍山】 3. It onl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y_______ him 20 minutes __________to his office every day.
A. takes, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to drive B. took, drive C. takes, drive D. took, to drive
【武汉】4. — What does Tom’s uncle do
— He i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s a teacher. He ________ physics at a school now.
A. will teach B. has taught C. teaches D. taught
【包头】5. I like seeing k ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ids happy and, if they , it makes my job a lot easier.
A. are ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. do C. have D. will
【泰安】6. —Do you know whether David will go cycling or not tomorrow
—David Never! He _______ outdoor activities.
A. hates B. hated C. is hating D. has hated
2）一般过去时：
【成都】7. —Have you ever been to Beijing
—Yes. Last month I ______________ there.
A.have been B. went C. will go
【淄博】8. —Dave, it’s dangerous to swim here. Look at the sign.
—Oh, I _______ it. Thank you.
A. didn't notice B. won't notice
C. hadn't noticed D. don't notice
【娄底】9. —What did you do last night
—I _________TV and read books.
A. watch ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. watched C. have watched
【河北】10. Ken_ his jacket in the gym. He has to get it back.
A. left ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. leaves C. is leaving D. was leaving
【宜昌】11. —Do y ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ou know who took the students to the old people’s home, Tony
—Well, Mr. Smith _______.
A. took B. does C. did D. do
【重庆】12．— I called you yesterday evening．but you were not in．
—sorry，I _____in the shop with my mother．
A．am B．will be C. was D. have been
【邵阳】13. Do you hear just now
A. what ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) I said B. what I'm saying C. what I says
【河南】14. —What______ the noise, Bill
—Sorry, I broke my glass.
A. is B. was C. has been D. will be
【宁波】15. Tony _______ football every weekend when he was young.
A. plays B. played C. is playing D. has played
【淮安】16. One of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the popular expressions in 2012 ________“Positive energy”.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
【滨州】17. I know a litt ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )le about Thailand, as I there three years ago.
A. have been B. have gone C. will go D. went
【江西】 18. —Have you had your breakfast yet
—Yes. Mom _____it for me.
A. was cooking B. is cooking C. will cook D. cooked
【呼和浩特】19. —Excuse me，look at the sign NO PHOTOS!
—Sorry, I ________it.
A. don’ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t see B. didn’t see C. haven’t seen D. won’t see
【苏州】20. —Frank, you look worried. Anything wrong
—Well, I ______ a test and I’m waiting for the result.
A. will take B. took C. am taking D. take
【武汉】21. — That’s a nice mobile phone.
— It is. My aunt _______ it for my last birthday.
A. buy B. will buy C. have bought D. bought
【兰州】22. — The food looked bad, but it ________ OK.
— So we can’t judge a man by his appearance.
A. is tasted B. tasted C. was tasted D. taste
【广州】23. A: You look very nice in your new dress today.
B: Oh, really I ______ it when it was on sale.
A. buy B. bought C. have bought D. will buy
【 上海】24. The sc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hoolboy ______ to the blind man on his way home yesterday afternoon.
A. apologi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )zes B. apologized C .will apologize D. has apologized
【山西】25. — I hear you are a big fan of Yao Ming.
— Q ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uite right. But it’s a pity that he ________ several years ago.
A. retires B. retired C. will retire
【温州】26. Sam opened the door and a lovely dog outside.
A. finds B. found C. has found D. will find
【湛江】27. — Come and join us, Ben!
— I’m afra ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )id I can’t. I’m too busy now. If I ________ time, I would certainly go.
A. had B. will have C. have had D. Have
【泸州】28. Oh, you are here. I _______ you came back.
A. don't know B. didn't know
C. haven't known D. won't know
3）现在进行时：
【威海】29.—Alice, wo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uld you mind not playing the guitar I on the phone.
—Oh, sorry, mom.
A. talked ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. talk C. was talking D. am talking
【南京】30. —Millie, where is Miss Li
— Sh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e a speech on Chinese art to the first-year students in the hall.
A. gives B. gave C. is giving D. has given
【绍兴】31.—Can Peter play games with us, Mrs. Hawking
—Wait a minute. He _____a shower.
A. is taking B. takes C. took D. was taking
【嘉兴】32. I have to be off now. My friends _______ outside.
A. wait B. are waiting C. have waited D. were waiting
【河南】33. —Hey, Tom. Let's go swimming.
—Just a moment. I______ a message.
A. send B. sent C. am sending D. have sent
【河北】34. You_ . Don't talk on the phone.
A. will dri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve B. are driving C. were driving D. have driven
【福州】35. — Mum, it's late. Why are you still here
— Dad hasn't come back yet. I _________ for him.
A. am waiting B. was waiting C. waited
【安徽】36. —I can’t find David. Where is he
—He __________for tomorrow’s competitions at home.
A. prepares B. is preparing C. has prepared D. prepared
【南充】37. Look! Sam ________ TV happily on the sofa.
A. is watching B. watches C. watched
【江西】38. Tom w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ants to be a singer and he_____. singing lessons to do it.
A. took B. has taken C. is taking D. was taking.
【苏州】39. —Julie, what ______ in your hand
—Look! It’s a new iPad for my daughter.
A. do you hold B. are you holding
C. were you holding D. will you hold
【广东】40Today’s young ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) people can’t live without smart phones. They keep their hands on the phones wherever they go, even while they _______ meals.
A had B. will have C. are having D. were having
【 上海】41. Look, so many ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) passengers _____ with their smart phones on the underground..
A. played B. will play C .are playing D. have played
【台州】42. —Sam, let’s go and play basketball.
—Not now. I ______ Dick with his English.
A. help B. helped C. am helping D. have helped
【株洲】43. Be quiet! The other students .
A. sleep ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. slept C. are sleeping
【济南】44. —Are your parents at home, Jane
—No. They __________ taking a walk in the park.
A. do B. are C. will D. have
【重庆】45．Just a minute! My brother _____his car in the garden．
A．w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ashes B. is washing C. washed D. will wash
【泰州】46 — Here comes the bus! Where is our principal
— She can't go ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to the museum with us. She ________ some visitors around our school.
A. is showing B. shows C. has showed D. was showing
4）一般将来时：
【北京】47. Mr. Green, a famous writer, ____________ our school next week.
A. vi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sited B. visits C. was visiting D. will visit

【淮安】48.—Will you go to the cinema with me tomorrow
—Sorry, I ________ skating with Tom.
A. go B. went C. have gone D. will go
【河北】49. We have no mor ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e vegetables in the fridge. I_ and buy some.
A. go B. went C. will go D. was going
【丽水】50.—Which team do you think ______ the game
—Hard to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )say. There are still ten minutes before it ends.
A. won B. has won C. will win D. wins
【安顺】51. Dad _____ the USA in two weeks.
A. is leave for B. leaves for C. is leaving for D. left for
5）过去进行时：
【杭州】52. Sally ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) took a photo of her friends while they _________ computer games.
A. play B. are playing C. have played D. were playing

【黑龙江绥化】53. My uncle __ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )______ books in the room at this time yesterday.
A. was seeing B. is reading C. was reading
【齐齐哈尔】54. What you when the captain came in
A. are; doing B. did; do C. were; doing
【莱芜】55. 一 I didn't see you at the meeting yesterday. Why
一I __ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )______ for an important telephone call at that moment.
A. wait B. waited C. am waiting D. was waiting
【徐州】56. Millie ________ a picture when Mr Green came in.
A. draw B. will draw C. drew D. was drawing
【天津】57. I saw him in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the library yesterday. He______ a book at that moment.
A. reads ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. is reading C. was reading D. will read
【河北】58. The twins ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )didn't go to the theatre, they_ the light music all night.
A. ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve enjoyed B. will enjoy C. are enjoying D. were enjoying
【梅州】59.—Mr. Li ______ to Mary carefully when I entered the classroom this morning.
—He is very patient ______ he is young.
A. talking; but B. was talking; though
C. talks; though D. talked; however
【菏泽】60. —Linda, I cal ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )led you this morning, but nobody answered the pnone.
—I'm sorry. I ______football with my friends then.
A. play B. played C. am playing D. was playing