2024届高考英语二轮复习： 阅读理解 强化训练9篇（含解析）
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| 名称 | 2024届高考英语二轮复习： 阅读理解 强化训练9篇（含解析） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-05-17 15:57:38 | ||
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Passage 1
Somebody gave me an award! In my entire life, I have only ever received one award: in 2000, I was named Most Helpful by my university drama society．
This time, however, I won an actual award! Admittedly, there was no big awards ceremony, just an email and a social media post．But, nevertheless, it's given me a glow of pride．Somebody acknowledged my achievements!
The problem is that society seems to favor youth．There are a million “30 under 30” lists which I was never on, and yet it was only last year that the magazine Forbes launched its “50 over 50” list．But while I don't want to take those awards away from the kids, I know if someone had declared me an “up-and-coming” anything at 30, I'd have been as terrified as I was delighted; so much to live up to．Now, however, I am grabbing that award and shouting: “At last, the recognition I deserve！”， because I know how much work I've put in, and I'm not about to let anyone lessen that．
If I was to list the advantages of getting older, then the ability to recognize my accomplishments and to be proud of them would be at the very top．Heard too many times, it's boring to say that we women put ourselves down, but too often we push away praise, rather than taking it up like the cat who got the cream．For most of us, praise is not a daily gift．So, when it comes, we need to allow ourselves to receive it．And if no one else is giving it to us, we need to give it to ourselves．
It works the other way, too．My new favourite hobby is writing emails to the head offices of restaurants and shops, to tell them how lovely their staff are．It makes me feel good, and I hope it does them, too．
A friend once told me about a self-development course she'd been on where participants had to shout “I apprise of my decision！”， and then high-five themselves．I put this ritual into my daily life．Now, I am done．And, then, I'm writing myself an email of praise．Because, like that award, I deserve it．
1．What made the author feel proud of getting the award this time？
A．The big awards ceremony．
B．The social media post．
C．The second award after her graduation．
D．The recognition of her achievements．
2．What does the author want to tell in Paragraph 3？
A．Society presents unfairness to youth．
B．Her years-long effort pays off eventually．
C．She is confident enough to be superior to kids．
D．She is too scared to live up to others' expectations．
3．What does the underlined “ritual” in Paragraph 6 probably mean？
A．Practice． B．Course．
C．Hobby． D．Need．
4．What advice would the author like to give women？
A．Being content with their own life．
B．Being appreciative of themselves．
C．Being generous to their lovely staff．
D．Being modest about their achievements．
Passage 2
I came to love the way Morrie lit up when I entered the room．He did this for many people, I know, but it was his special talent to make each visitor feel the smile was unique．
“Ahhhh, it's my buddy，” he would say when he saw me, in that foggy, high-pitched voice．And it didn't stop with the greeting．When Morrie was with you, he was really with you．He looked at you straight in the eye, and he listened as if you were the only person in the world．How much better would people get along if their first encounter each day were like this instead of complaints from a waitress or a bus driver or a boss
“I believe in being fully present，” Morrie said．“That means you should be with the person you're with．When I'm talking to you now, Mitch, I try to keep focused only on what is going on between us．I am not thinking about something we said last week．I am not thinking of what's coming up this Friday．I am not thinking about doing another Koppel show, or about what medications I'm taking．”
Morrie could spend every waking moment in self-pity, feeling his body for decay(腐烂), counting his breaths．So many people with far smaller problems are so self-absorbed, their eyes glaze over if you speak for more than thirty seconds．They already have something else in mind a friend to call, a fax to send, a lover they're daydreaming about．They only snap back to full attention when you finish talking, at which point they say “Uh-huh” or “Yeah, really” and fake their way back to the moment．
“Part of the problem, Mitch, is that everyone is in such a hurry，” Morrie said．“People haven't found meaning in their lives, so they're running all the time looking for it．They think of the next car, the next house, the next job．Then they find those things are empty, too, and they keep running．”
5．What is about Morrie？
A．He likes smiling to others．
B．He likes critical thinking．
C．He is a man of many ideas．
D．He is a man of many words．
6．How do people usually react when someone is speaking to them？
A．They listen to others carefully．
B．They always talk about themselves．
C．They pay little attention to the conversation．
D．They complain to each other about life problems．
7．How does the writer find Morrie？
A．Serious． B．Lazy．
C．Optimistic． D．Smart．
8．What does the story convey？
A．People focus on material possessions in life．
B．People had better cherish the present moment．
C．People should learn how to strike up a conversation．
D．People seek for the next thing to achieve happiness．
Passage 3
Learning how to do simple handwork is a great way for girls to combine practical skills and creativity．With schools and educators always trying to encourage more girls to take up STEM subjects (science, technology, engineering and maths) in high school and beyond, this could be the start of something special．
“My daughter always asks to help me when I get something from IKEA that needs putting together，” says Emma．“Normally, I don't trust her to do much more than turning the Allen key a few times, but recently I bought two chairs and thought: Why not let them have a go My daughter Ruby did one on her own and was really careful and expert in it．It amazed me that she did a better job than me．”
If parents still aren't convinced that letting their daughters loose with the family power tools is a good idea, just remember how much the local worker charges for a quick DIY job．This fun hobby might save the family a few dollars, or even broaden their daughter's visions to a building, engineering-based career or study path further down the line．
“When I first used a saw (锯子), I was pretty sure I'd cut my finger off or something, but our teacher explained everything we needed to know and I started off slowly，” explains Amelia, a 12-year-old girl．
“I've nearly finished making my bread board and I've brought some off-cuts home because I want to try and turn them into something using tools from my grandpa's collection．I love building．It's creative and challenging and really satisfying when it works！” Amelia adds．“I'm going to build a bird feeder for our garden next．I just need to ask Mum and Dad if I can borrow a drill and some nails．”
Hopefully they'll say yes．After all, Amelia might end up building them a family house in a few years．
9．How did Ruby perform when putting the chair together？
A．Less carefully than usual．
B．As skillfully as an expert．
C．Beyond mom's expectation．
D．No better than her mom．
10．What will happen if a girl knows how to do a DIY job？
A．The local worker will charge her less money．
B．She will make a few dollars for the family．
C．It will prevent her from getting a lot of fun．
D．It will improve her STEM-related ability．
11．What will Amelia do with parents' permission？
A．Make a bread board．
B．Bring off-cuts home．
C．Build a family house．
D．Make a bird feeder．
12．What's the main idea of the text？
A．Parents ought to do handwork with their kids．
B．Girls should be given chances to do handwork．
C．Girls share their stories about doing handwork．
D．Kids are beneficial from doing some handwork．
Passage 4
Nike's “Just do it” slogan is undoubtedly a killer line—and now it's been revealed that the inspiration for it came from an actual killer．The phrase, first used in a Nike advertisement in 1988, was brought to the firm by advertising executive Dan Wieden, who admitted that it was borrowed from something a Utah murderer spoke as he faced a firing squad．The murderer in question was Gary Gilmore, who was sentenced to death in 1977 for robbing and killing two men in Utah the previous year．
Mr Wieden, speaking at an advertising conference in February, said that he recalled this line in 1988 just before he had a marketing campaign meeting with Nike bosses, and decided to suggest a slightly changed version as a slogan．His company had been sent in by Nike to help them fight back rivals Reebok, who had just announced bigger profits．Mr Wieden said, “We came up with five different 30 second spots．The night before a meeting with Nike, I got concerned because there wasn't a strong connection to them all．Some were funny, some were serious．So I thought we need a slogan to pull them together．I wrote about four or five ideas．I narrowed it down to the last one, which was ‘Just do it’．The reason I did that one was funny because I was recalling a man in Portland．He murdered a man and a woman, and was put before a firing squad．And they asked him if he had any final thoughts and he said, ‘Let's do it’．And for some reason I didn't like ‘Let's do it’ so I just changed it to ‘Just do it’．”
At first, he recalled, Nike hated the idea, but he won them round and the slogan appeared at the end of an advert featuring 80-year-old runner Walt Stack．It is now one of the most famous slogans in the world, described by Campaign magazine as “arguably the best tagline of the 20th century”．
13．Why does the author write this passage？
A．He intends to tell the story of Gary Gilmore the murderer．
B．He wants to say that the famous slogan was inspired by a murderer．
C．He attempts to say that Nike once had a difficult time in development．
D．He wants to introduce the best slogan of the 20th century．
14．What did Gary Gilmore do according to the passage？
A．He said “Just do it” before he was put to death．
B．He competed against Nike in the 1980s．
C．He robbed and murdered two men in Utah．
D．He worked as the advertising executive at Nike．
15．What can we infer from the passage？
A．Nike was having a hard time in 1988．
B．Nike was very competitive around the world．
C．Gary Gilmore taught a good lesson about advertisement．
D．Either funny or serious slogans are not impressive．
16．What was Mr Wieden concerned about？
A．His idea was funny as it was borrowed from a murderer．
B．He was not pleased with any of the five parts．
C．The advertising lines were too serious to be attractive．
D．A slogan was needed to connect five parts together．
Passage 5
The wires, screens and batteries that make up our devices—not to mention the plastic, metal and other materials that package them—are filling up landfills．Some e-waste is relatively large: old phones and air conditioners, for instance．Other e-waste is more hidden, such as electronic single-use medical diagnostic kits, environmental sensors, and smart labels that contain one-off batteries and other equipment．
“It's these small batteries that are big problems，” says public health scientist Dele Ogunseitan, who was not involved in developing the battery．Nobody really pays attention to where they end up．
Researchers at the Cellulose & Wood Materials Laboratory at the Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) are working to address this problem．Their new paper in Scientific Reports describes a paper battery developed from environmentally friendly materials that could eventually present a sustainable alternative to the more harmful batteries common in low-power devices．
The paper battery has the same key components as standard batteries but packages them differently．Like a typical chemical battery, it has a positively charged side called a cathode (负极), a negatively charged side called an anode (正极), and a conductive material called an electrolyte (电解质)between the two．A traditional battery's components are packaged in plastic and metal; in the new battery, the anode and cathode are inks printed onto the front and back of a piece of paper．That paper is filled with salt, which dissolves (溶解)when the paper is dampened with water．The resulting saltwater solution acts as the electrolyte．
When the paper is dry, the battery is shelf-stable．Add just a couple of drops of water, however, and the salt dissolves, allowing electrons to flow．Once the paper is dampened, the battery becomes active within 20 seconds．The new battery's operating performance declines as the paper dries．When the scientists rewet the paper during testing, the battery regained functionality and lasted an hour before beginning to dry out again．
17．What can we infer about small disposal batteries according to Dele Ogunseitan？
A．They are no big problems．
B．They need to be addressed．
C．They should be made larger．
D．They are environmentally friendly．
18．What's special about the new battery？
A．It has a cathode and an anode．
B．It has different key components．
C．Its cathode and anode are printed on paper．
D．Its components are packaged in plastic and metal．
19．What is used to make the new battery start to operate？
A．Salt． B．Metal．
C．Ink． D．Water．
20．In which section can we find the text？
A．Advances． B．Reviews．
C．Culture． D．Opinion．
Passage 6
If you ask something of ChatGPT, an artificial-intelligence(AI) tool, you may immediately get the responses, completely certain and often wrong．The questions raised by technologies like ChatGPT cause much more tentative answers．But they are ones that managers ought to start asking．
One issue is how to deal with employees' concerns about job security．Worries are natural．An AI that makes it easier to process your expenses is one thing; an AI that people would prefer to sit next to at a dinner party quite another．Being clear about how workers would redirect time and energy that is freed up by an AI helps foster acceptance．So does creating a sense of agency: research conducted by MIT Sloan Management Review and the Boston Consulting Group found that an ability to override an AI makes employees more likely to use it．
Arthur Jago of the University of Washington and Glenn Carroll of the Stanford Graduate School of Business investigate how willing people are to give rather than earn credit—specifically for work that someone did not do on their own．They showed volunteers something attributed to a specific person—an artwork, say, or a business plan—and then revealed that it had been created either with the help of an algorithm or with the help of human assistants．Everyone gave less credit to producers when they were told they had been helped, but this effect was more pronounced for work that involved human assistants．
The picture that emerges from such research is messy．It is also dynamic: just as technologies evolve, so will attitudes．But it is crystal-clear on one thing．The impact of ChatGPT and other AIs will depend not just on what they can do, but also on how they make people feel．
21．What should managers take into consideration when using technologies like ChatGPT？
A．Skills used for them．
B．Issues caused by them．
C．Accuracy ensured in them．
D．Alternatives discovered for them．
22．What can we learn about employees' attitude towards AI from Paragraph 2？
A．They find it can make their work more complicated．
B．They think it is a threat for AI to replace them at work．
C．They consider it's normal for AI to finish all their work．
D．They feel it's vital for them to acknowledge its abilities．
23．What did the volunteers think of a task accomplished with AI algorithm？
A．They thought little of it．
B．They were unaware of it．
C．They spoke highly of it．
D．They felt envious about it．
24．What does the passage mainly talk about？
A．The limitation of AI．
B．The importance of ChatGPT．
C．The relationship between AI and humans．
D．The practical application of ChatGPT．
Passage 7
Parents and teachers worry about the loss of learning caused by the pandemic and want to catch up immediately.But it’s unrealistic to think that a few months will fully close the gaps.
Educators tend to underestimate the importance of knowledge,as though rote(死记硬背) teaching harms teaching higher-order thinking.But science shows otherwise.The processes that teachers care about most,like critical thinking,are closely interconnected with factual knowledge stored in long-term memory.Yet we continue to romanticize an impossible shortcut:teaching critical thinking as if it were a universally applicable skill.
Take the subject of reading,which schools see as thinking skills that can be taught directly:I will teach students what an inference is.Actually,students make inferences when they can read fluently and have the vocabulary and background knowledge to name what is unsaid.
Educators also often underestimate memory.Cognitive scientist Paul Kirschner argues that building memory is “the aim of all teaching” and that “if nothing has changed in long-term memory,nothing has been learned”.At the end of a lesson,if students appear to understand an idea,their teacher may think,“Great,they really understand the point.” But if weeks later,the students forget it,learning has not really occurred.
Finally,we must consider students’ emotional needs.Belonging is one of the most profound human emotions.Consider a classroom in which students are socialized to comment:“I agree with Cassidy and want to provide another example.” That conveys to Cassidy that her comments were meaningful.This would also be achieved if,when Cassidy is speaking,her classmates are looking at her,nodding and sending positive nonverbal social signals that they value her words.Only peers can provide this sense of belonging,but teachers can cultivate the environment.
All in all,if we want to benefit students,we must ground our teaching in the science that value knowledge and memory,and the role that belonging plays in students’ study.
25.What can we know about critical thinking according to the passage
A.It can be taught directly.
B.It is gradually formed.
C.It is deeply rooted in reading.
D.It is universally applicable.
26.According to Paul Kirschner,when does real learning happen
A.When students perform well in class activities.
B.When students understand what has been taught.
C.When students achieve changes in long-term memory.
D.When students start to forget unnecessary information.
27.What is the main idea of paragraph 5
A.Nonverbal social signals matter in class.
B.Being sociable in the classroom is important.
C.Students should support each other in class discussions.
D.Classrooms are where the feeling of belonging is developed.
28.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A.To urge schools to teach more knowledge.
B.To show concern about the influence of the pandemic.
C.To promote higher-order thinking like critical thinking.
D.To suggest a scientific way to catch up the loss of learning.
Passage 8
People who consume a diet including flavanol(黄烷醇)—rich in foods and drinks,including tea,fruits like apples and berries,could lead to lower blood pressure,according to the first study using objective measures of thousands of UK residents’ diet.
The findings,published in Scientific Reports,studied the diet of more than 25,000 people in Norfolk,UK and compared what they ate with their blood pressure.In contrast to most other studies investigating links between nutrition and health,the researchers did not rely on study participants reporting their diet,but instead measured flavanol intake objectively using nutritional biomarkers—indicators of dietary intake,metabolism or nutritional status that are present in our blood.
The difference in blood pressure between those with the lowest 10% of flavanol intake and those with the highest 10% of intake was between 2 and 4 mmHg.This is comparable to meaningful changes in blood pressure observed in those following a Mediterranean diet or Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet.Notably,the effect was more conspicuous in participants with high blood pressure.
This research confirms the results from previous dietary intervention studies and shows that the same results can be achieved with a habitual diet rich in flavanols.In the British diet,the main sources are tea,cocoa,apples and berries.
Professor Gunter Kuhnle,a nutritionist at the University of Reading who led the study,said,“We are delighted to see that in our study,there is a meaningful and significant association between flavanol consumption and lower blood pressure.”
“This study adds key insights to a growing body of evidence supporting the benefits of dietary flavanols in health and nutrition.This suggests if the general public increased its flavanol intake,there could be an overall reduction in cardiovascular(心血管的) disease incidence,” Gunter added.
29.In which aspect is the study different from most other similar studies
A.Research method.
B.Research object.
C.Research institution.
D.Research result.
30.What does the underlined word “conspicuous” in paragraph 3 mean
A.Constant. B.Obvious.
C.Awkward. D.Curious.
31.What may Gunter advise people to do to reduce cardiovascular disease incidence
A.Adopt a healthy diet.
B.Change lifestyle.
C.Increase flavanol intake.
D.Consume less salt and fat.
32.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.Fruits like apples and berries are rich in flavonol
B.Measuring nutritional biomarkers is more objective
C.New study confirms the results of dietary intervention
D.High flavanol diet may lead to lower blood pressure
Passage 9
In August,Jason M.Allen’s piece “Theatre D’opéra Spatial”—which he created with AI image generator Midjourney—won first place in the emerging artist division’s “digital arts photography” category at the Colorado State Fair Fine Arts Competition.The definition for the category states that digital art refers to works that use “digital technology as part of the creative process”.
Allen’s award-winning image has led to debates about what,exactly,it means to be an artist and whether AI can truly make art.“It felt bad for the exact same reason we don’t let robots participate in the Olympics,” one Twitter user wrote.“This is the literal definition of ‘pressed a few buttons to make a digital art piece’,” another tweeted.
Yet while Allen didn’t use a paintbrush,there was plenty of work involved,he said.First,he played around with phrasing that led Midjourney to generate images of women in elegant dresses and space helmets,in an attempt to mix Victorian-style costuming with space themes.Over time,with many slight changes to his written prompt(提示符),he created 900 different versions of what led to his final image.Then he improved its resolution through Gigapixel AI and finally had the images printed.
Allen is glad the debate over whether AI can be used to make art is attracting so much attention.“Rather than hating on the technology,we need to recognize that it’s a powerful tool and use it for good so we can all move forward,” Allen said.
Cal Duran,one of the judges for the competition,said that while Allen’s piece included a mention of AI,he didn’t realize that when judging it.Still,he sticks by his decision to award it first place.“I think the AI technology may give more opportunities to people who may not find themselves artists in the conventional way,” he said.
33.Why has Jason’s work led to debates
A.It was a copy of a photograph.
B.He challenged the older artists.
C.It was created with the help of AI.
D.He broke the rule of the competition.
34.What can best describe Allen’s creating process
A.Cooperative. B.Energy-consuming.
C.Straightforward. D.Imagination-lacking.
35.What can we learn about AI from the last paragraph
A.It is a double-edged sword.
B.It attracts conventional artists.
C.It strikes art judges as no surprise.
D.It may open a new world to artists.
36.What is the text mainly about
A.A trend to be AI artists.
B.An AI-generated art contest.
C.Responses to a winning AI artwork.
D.Curiosity about an image generator.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者讲述自己再次取得成功的故事，她因为自己的成就得到了承认而特别自豪，并且发出感悟：我们应该多鼓励、赞赏自己。
1．D 细节理解题。根据第二段“But, nevertheless, it's given me a glow of pride．Somebody acknowledged my achievements! (但无论如何，这给了我一种自豪感。有人承认了我的成就！)”可知，这次获奖作者之所以这么自豪，是因为有人承认了她的成就。故选D。
2．B 段落大意题。根据第三段“Now, however, I am grabbing that award and shouting: ‘At last, the recognition I deserve！’， because I know how much work I've put in, and I'm not about to let anyone lessen that．(然而，现在，我抓住了这个奖项并大喊：‘终于，我得到了应得的认可！’因为我知道我付出了多少努力，我不会让任何人贬低这一点。)”可知，这一段作者主要想要表达她付出了很多努力，并且最终取得成功。故选B。
3．A 词句猜测题。根据第六段“A friend once told me about a self-development course she'd been on where participants had to shout ‘I apprise of my decision！’， and then high-five themselves．(有一次，一位朋友告诉我，她参加了一个自我发展课程，参与者必须大喊‘我知道我的决定了！’，然后自己击掌。)”可知，作者从朋友的一门课程中学到要自我激励，而画线词ritual前有指示代词this，所表达的内容前文已经提到过，I put this ritual into my daily life表示“我把这一惯例应用在自己的日常生活”，且也得到了下文“Now, I am done．And, then, I'm writing myself an email of praise．(现在我完成了。并且，我给自己写了封表扬邮件。)”的印证。故选A。
4．B 推理判断题。根据第四段“For most of us, praise is not a daily gift．So, when it comes, we need to allow ourselves to receive it．And if no one else is giving it to us, we need to give it to ourselves．(对我们大多数人来说，赞美不是日常的礼物。所以，当它来临时，我们需要让自己接受它。如果没有人给我们，我们需要给自己。)”可知，作者会给女性提的建议可能是“女性应该欣赏，赞赏自己”。故选B。
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。我与莫里的接触中，渐渐地明白了一个道理：人们一直在寻找生活的意义，为未来努力奔跑，想着下一辆车，下一所房子，下一份工作，但却忘了珍惜当下，活在当下。
5．A 推理判断题。根据首段“I came to love the way Morrie lit up when I entered the room．He did this for many people, I know, but it was his special talent to make each visitor feel the smile was unique．(我渐渐喜欢上了莫里在我走进房间时使整个房间变得快活起来。我知道，他为很多人都这样做过，但他的特殊才能是让每个来访者都觉得他的微笑是独一无二的。)”可知，莫里喜欢对别人笑。故选A。
6．C 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“So many people with far smaller problems are so self-absorbed, their eyes glaze over if you speak for more than thirty seconds．They already have something else in mind a friend to call, a fax to send, a lover they're daydreaming about．(很多人在处理小问题的时候都很自私，如果你说话超过30秒，他们的眼睛就会变得呆滞。他们心里已经有了其他的想法——一个要打电话的朋友，一个要发的传真，一个他们梦寐以求的情人。)”可知，当有人和他们说话时，他们会眼神呆滞，开小差，很少注意倾听。故选C。
7．B 推理判断题。根据第三段“When I'm talking to you now, Mitch, I try to keep focused only on what is going on between us．I am not thinking about something we said last week．I am not thinking of what's coming up this Friday．I am not thinking about doing another Koppel show, or about what medications I'm taking．(我现在跟你说话的时候，米奇，我尽量只关注我们之间的事。我不是在想我们上周说过的话。我没有考虑这个星期五会发生什么。我没想过要再演一部科佩尔的剧，也没想过要吃什么药。)”可知，作者发现莫里不考虑过去和将来的事，所以认为他很懒。故选B。
8．B 推理判断题。根据第三段“‘I believe in being fully present，’ Morrie said．(‘我相信活在当下，’莫里说。)”以及末段“People haven't found meaning in their lives, so they're running all the time looking for it．They think of the next car, the next house, the next job．Then they find those things are empty, too, and they keep running．(人们还没有找到生活的意义，所以他们一直在寻找意义。他们想着下一辆车，下一所房子，下一份工作。然后他们发现那些东西也是空的，他们就继续跑。)”可知，人们一直在寻找生活的意义，为未来努力奔跑，想着下一辆车，下一所房子，下一份工作，但却忘了珍惜当下，活在当下，所以这篇文章告诉我们要珍惜当下。故选B。
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。本文通过两位女孩的实践经历和一位女孩母亲的反馈，论述了给女孩更多手工劳动实践的机会的重要性。
9．C 细节理解题。根据第二段“My daughter Ruby did one on her own and was really careful and expert in it．It amazed me that she did a better job than me．(我的女儿Ruby自己做了一个，她真的很仔细，而且很内行。她的工作做得比我好，这使我感到惊讶。)”可知，Ruby的表现很棒，比妈妈都做得好，超出了妈妈的预期。故选C。
10．D 推理判断题。根据第三段“This fun hobby might save the family a few dollars, or even broaden their daughter's visions to a building, engineering-based career or study path further down the line．(这个有趣的爱好可能会为家人节省几美元，甚至可以开阔女儿的视野，让她从事建筑、工程类的职业，或进一步学习。)”和第一段对STEM的解释可知，给女孩机会做手工可以拓宽女孩在建筑、工程方面的视野，有利于她们继续这方面的学习，提高她们STEM相关的能力。故选D。
11．D 细节理解题。根据第五段“I'm going to build a bird feeder for our garden next．I just need to ask Mum and Dad if I can borrow a drill and some nails．(接下来我要为我们的花园建一个喂鸟器。我只是想问问爸爸妈妈能不能借我一把钻和一些钉子。)”可知，她要在征求父母同意后做一个喂鸟器。故选D。
12．B 文章大意题。根据第一段“Learning how to do simple handwork is a great way for girls to combine practical skills and creativity．With schools and educators always trying to encourage more girls to take up STEM subjects (science, technology, engineering and maths) in high school and beyond, this could be the start of something special．(学习如何做简单的手工是女孩将实用技能和创造力结合起来的好方法。学校和教育工作者总是试图鼓励更多的女孩在高中及以后学习STEM科目(科学、技术、工程和数学)，这可能是一些特别的事情的开始。)”可知，手工实践对女孩来说是一项提高她们STEM能力的好方法，下文也通过两位女孩的实践经历和一位女孩母亲的反馈，论述了给女孩更多手工劳动实践的机会的重要性。故选B。
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了耐克公司的广告语“说做就做”的历史渊源。
13．B 写作意图题。根据第一段“Nike's ‘Just do it’ slogan is undoubtedly a killer line—and now it's been revealed that the inspiration for it came from an actual killer．(耐克的‘Just do it’口号无疑是一句杀手级的口号，而现在有消息透露，这句口号的灵感来自一位真正的杀手。)”可知，本文的写作目的是为了介绍耐克公司的广告语“说做就做”的灵感来自一位临刑犯人的遗言。故选B。
14．C 细节理解题。根据第一段“The murderer in question was Gary Gilmore, who was sentenced to death in 1977 for robbing and killing two men in Utah the previous year．(本案中的凶手是加里·吉尔摩，他于1977年因前一年在犹他州抢劫并杀害两名男子而被判处死刑。)”可知，Gary Gilmore被判死刑的原因是他1976年抢劫并谋杀了两位犹他州的居民。故选C。
15．A 推理判断题。根据第二段“His company had been sent in by Nike to help them fight back rivals Reebok, who had just announced bigger profits．(他的团队是耐克派来帮助他们对抗竞争对手锐步的，锐步刚刚宣布了更高的利润。)”可知，耐克公司请广告公司来参加与对手Reebok 的竞争，由此可推断，当时的耐克公司在发展方面困难，局面不容乐观。故选A。
16．D 细节理解题。根据第二段“I got concerned because there wasn't a strong connection to them all．(我很担心，因为我和他们并没有很强的联系。)”可知，威登先生认为这五个30秒的广告之间缺乏联系，需要一个标语把它们贯穿起来，起到锦上添花的作用。故选D。
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新型电池，同时讲述了该电池的工作原理以及相关应用。
17．B 推理判断题。根据第一段“Other e-waste is more hidden, such as electronic single-use medical diagnostic kits, environmental sensors, and smart labels that contain one-off batteries and other equipment．(其他电子垃圾则较为隐蔽，如电子一次性医疗诊断包、环境传感器以及包含一次性电池和其他设备的智能标签。)”以及第二段“‘It's these small batteries that are big problems，’ says public health scientist Dele Ogunseitan, who was not involved in developing the battery．Nobody really pays attention to where they end up．(‘这些小电池才是大问题，’公共卫生科学家Dele Ogunseitan说，他没有参与电池的开发。没有人真正关注它们最终会去哪里。)”可知，由于较小的一次性电池垃圾较为隐蔽，所以很少有人会真正的关注它们最终会去哪里。由此推断这些较小的一次性电池垃圾是亟需解决的。故选B。
18．C 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“A traditional battery's components are packaged in plastic and metal; in the new battery, the anode and cathode are inks printed onto the front and back of a piece of paper．(传统电池的组件用塑料和金属包装；在新电池中，阳极和阴极是印刷在纸张正面和背面的墨水。)”可知，新型电池的阳极和阴极是印在纸的正反面的墨水。故选C。
19．D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“That paper is filled with salt, which dissolves (溶解)when the paper is dampened with water．The resulting saltwater solution acts as the electrolyte．(这张纸里装满了盐，当纸被水浸湿时，盐就会溶解。由此产生的盐水溶液充当电解质。)”以及最后一段“Add just a couple of drops of water, however, and the salt dissolves, allowing electrons to flow．(然而，只要加入几滴水，盐就会溶解，让电子流动。)”可知，水是用来使新电池开始工作的。故选D。
20．A 文章出处题。通读全文以及第三段“Their new paper in Scientific Reports describes a paper battery developed from environmentally friendly materials that could eventually present a sustainable alternative to the more harmful batteries common in low-power devices．(他们在《科学报告》上发表的新论文描述了一种由环保材料开发的纸电池，最终可能成为低功耗设备中常见的有害电池的可持续替代品。)”可知，文章介绍的是一种新型电池，介绍了该电池的工作原理以及相关应用。所以推断文章出自先进科技部分。故选A。
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章以人工智能ChatGPT引发的问题为引入，通过一系列研究和实验探讨了人工智能与人类之间的关系。
21．B 细节理解题。根据第一段“The questions raised by technologies like ChatGPT cause much more tentative answers．But they are ones that managers ought to start asking．(由ChatGPT等技术引起的问题带来了更多的试探性答案。但它们是经理们应该开始问的问题。)”可知，管理人员在使用ChatGPT等技术时应该考虑由它们引起的问题。故选B。
22．B 细节理解题。根据第二段“One issue is how to deal with employees' concerns about job security．Worries are natural．An AI that makes it easier to process your expenses is one thing; an AI that people would prefer to sit next to at a dinner party quite another．(其中一个问题是如何处理员工对工作保障的担忧。担忧是自然的。让你的开支更容易处理的人工智能是一回事；一个人们在晚宴上更愿意坐在旁边的人工智能就完全是另一回事了。)”可知，员工认为人工智能在工作中取代他们，是一个威胁。故选B。
23．A 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“They showed volunteers something attributed to a specific person—an artwork, say, or a business plan—and then revealed that it had been created either with the help of an algorithm or with the help of human assistants．Everyone gave less credit to producers when they were told they had been helped, but this effect was more pronounced for work that involved human assistants．(他们向志愿者展示了一些属于某个特定人物的东西——比如一件艺术品或一份商业计划——然后告诉他们，这些东西是在算法的帮助下或在人工助理的帮助下创建的。当每个人都被告知他们得到了帮助时，他们对制作者的信任就会降低，但这种影响在有人工助理的工作中更加明显。)”可知，志愿者不喜欢使用AI算法完成的任务。故选A。
24．C 文章大意题。根据最后一段“The impact of ChatGPT and other AIs will depend not just on what they can do, but also on how they make people feel．(ChatGPT和其他人工智能的影响不仅取决于它们能做什么，还取决于它们给人的感觉。)”结合文章以人工智能ChatGPT引发的问题为引入，通过一系列研究和实验探讨了人工智能与人类之间的关系可知，这篇文章主要讲的是人工智能和人类的关系。故选C。
Passage 1
[语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了疫情后如何科学弥补学生学习缺漏。作者认为只教授思辨性思维等高阶思维技巧是不可行的,强调了基础知识、长期记忆和情感归属感对学生学习的重要性。
25.B 推理判断题。根据第二段中“The processes that teachers care about most,like critical thinking,are closely interconnected with factual knowledge stored in long-term memory.”及第三段中的举例“Take the subject of reading,which schools see as thinking skills that can be taught directly:I will teach students what an inference is.Actually,students make inferences when they can read fluently and have the vocabulary and background knowledge to name what is unsaid.”可知,思辨性思维是在长期习得的知识的基础上形成的。
26.C 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Cognitive scientist Paul Kirschner argues that building memory is ‘the aim of all teaching’ and that ‘if nothing has changed in long-term memory,nothing has been learned’.”可知,Paul Kirschner 认为真正的学习发生在学生的长期记忆有所变化时。
27.D 主旨大意题。根据第五段内容可知,第五段阐述了疫情后,课堂中应关注学生的归属感,以及在课堂中哪些情境可以帮助学生培养归属感。老师们可以努力去创设这种教学情境。因此,本段主要讲述课堂是培养学生归属感的地方。
28.D 推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句中的“close the gaps”及最后一段可知,学校应重视学生的基础知识、长期记忆和归属感。因此本文的目的是推荐一种科学的弥补学习缺漏的方法。
Passage 2
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。根据一项对数千名英国居民饮食进行客观测量的研究,含有丰富黄烷醇的食物和饮料,包括茶、苹果和浆果等水果,可能会导致血压降低。
29.A 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“In contrast to most other studies...in our blood.”可知,这项实验在调查方法方面不同于其他大多数类似研究。故选A项。
30.B 词句猜测题。根据第三段倒数第二句“This is comparable to meaningful changes in blood pressure observed in those following a Mediterranean diet or Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet.”和Notably可知,此处是指这种影响在高血压患者中更为明显。conspicuous意为“明显的”。故选B项。
31.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“This suggests if the general public increased its flavanol intake,there could be an overall reduction in cardiovascular disease incidence”可知,Gunter可能会建议人们增加黄烷醇的摄入量,以减少心血管疾病的发病率。故选C项。
32.D 主旨大意题。根据第一段内容可知,文章主要是讲一项研究发现高黄烷醇饮食可能导致血压降低。故选D项。
Passage 3
[语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。文章呈现了在人工智能帮助下获奖艺术作品的出现引发的辩论。
33.C 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Allen’s award-winning image has led to debates about what,exactly,it means to be an artist and whether AI can truly make art.”可推测,人们争论的点是艺术家意味着什么,以及人工智能能否创造艺术,即他的艺术获奖作品是在人工智能的帮助下完成的这件事情导致了争论。
34.A 推理判断题。根据第三段中“First,he played around with phrasing that led Midjourney to generate images of women in elegant dresses and space helmets,in an attempt to mix Victorian-style costuming with space themes.”以及最后一句“Then he improved its resolution through Gigapixel AI and finally had the images printed.”可以看出,他的作品是通过他和两种人工智能一起合作而成,即cooperative“合作的,协作的”。
35.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Still,he sticks by his decision to award it first place.‘I think the AI technology may give more opportunities to people who may not find themselves artists in the conventional way,’ he said.”可推测,在这位评委看来,人工智能给艺术和艺术家提供了更多机会,换言之,可能打开艺术新世界的大门。
36.C 主旨大意题。根据第二段第一句“Allen’s award-winning image has led to debates about what,exactly,it means to be an artist and whether AI can truly make art.”,第四段第一句“Allen is glad the debate over whether AI can be used to make art is attracting so much attention.”以及最后一段中“Still,he sticks by his decision to award it first place.‘I think the AI technology may give more opportunities to people who may not find themselves artists in the conventional way,’ he said.”可知,本文主要呈现的是这幅在人工智能帮助下完成的艺术作品获奖后引起的辩论,即不同人对此不同的回应。
Somebody gave me an award! In my entire life, I have only ever received one award: in 2000, I was named Most Helpful by my university drama society．
This time, however, I won an actual award! Admittedly, there was no big awards ceremony, just an email and a social media post．But, nevertheless, it's given me a glow of pride．Somebody acknowledged my achievements!
The problem is that society seems to favor youth．There are a million “30 under 30” lists which I was never on, and yet it was only last year that the magazine Forbes launched its “50 over 50” list．But while I don't want to take those awards away from the kids, I know if someone had declared me an “up-and-coming” anything at 30, I'd have been as terrified as I was delighted; so much to live up to．Now, however, I am grabbing that award and shouting: “At last, the recognition I deserve！”， because I know how much work I've put in, and I'm not about to let anyone lessen that．
If I was to list the advantages of getting older, then the ability to recognize my accomplishments and to be proud of them would be at the very top．Heard too many times, it's boring to say that we women put ourselves down, but too often we push away praise, rather than taking it up like the cat who got the cream．For most of us, praise is not a daily gift．So, when it comes, we need to allow ourselves to receive it．And if no one else is giving it to us, we need to give it to ourselves．
It works the other way, too．My new favourite hobby is writing emails to the head offices of restaurants and shops, to tell them how lovely their staff are．It makes me feel good, and I hope it does them, too．
A friend once told me about a self-development course she'd been on where participants had to shout “I apprise of my decision！”， and then high-five themselves．I put this ritual into my daily life．Now, I am done．And, then, I'm writing myself an email of praise．Because, like that award, I deserve it．
1．What made the author feel proud of getting the award this time？
A．The big awards ceremony．
B．The social media post．
C．The second award after her graduation．
D．The recognition of her achievements．
2．What does the author want to tell in Paragraph 3？
A．Society presents unfairness to youth．
B．Her years-long effort pays off eventually．
C．She is confident enough to be superior to kids．
D．She is too scared to live up to others' expectations．
3．What does the underlined “ritual” in Paragraph 6 probably mean？
A．Practice． B．Course．
C．Hobby． D．Need．
4．What advice would the author like to give women？
A．Being content with their own life．
B．Being appreciative of themselves．
C．Being generous to their lovely staff．
D．Being modest about their achievements．
Passage 2
I came to love the way Morrie lit up when I entered the room．He did this for many people, I know, but it was his special talent to make each visitor feel the smile was unique．
“Ahhhh, it's my buddy，” he would say when he saw me, in that foggy, high-pitched voice．And it didn't stop with the greeting．When Morrie was with you, he was really with you．He looked at you straight in the eye, and he listened as if you were the only person in the world．How much better would people get along if their first encounter each day were like this instead of complaints from a waitress or a bus driver or a boss
“I believe in being fully present，” Morrie said．“That means you should be with the person you're with．When I'm talking to you now, Mitch, I try to keep focused only on what is going on between us．I am not thinking about something we said last week．I am not thinking of what's coming up this Friday．I am not thinking about doing another Koppel show, or about what medications I'm taking．”
Morrie could spend every waking moment in self-pity, feeling his body for decay(腐烂), counting his breaths．So many people with far smaller problems are so self-absorbed, their eyes glaze over if you speak for more than thirty seconds．They already have something else in mind a friend to call, a fax to send, a lover they're daydreaming about．They only snap back to full attention when you finish talking, at which point they say “Uh-huh” or “Yeah, really” and fake their way back to the moment．
“Part of the problem, Mitch, is that everyone is in such a hurry，” Morrie said．“People haven't found meaning in their lives, so they're running all the time looking for it．They think of the next car, the next house, the next job．Then they find those things are empty, too, and they keep running．”
5．What is about Morrie？
A．He likes smiling to others．
B．He likes critical thinking．
C．He is a man of many ideas．
D．He is a man of many words．
6．How do people usually react when someone is speaking to them？
A．They listen to others carefully．
B．They always talk about themselves．
C．They pay little attention to the conversation．
D．They complain to each other about life problems．
7．How does the writer find Morrie？
A．Serious． B．Lazy．
C．Optimistic． D．Smart．
8．What does the story convey？
A．People focus on material possessions in life．
B．People had better cherish the present moment．
C．People should learn how to strike up a conversation．
D．People seek for the next thing to achieve happiness．
Passage 3
Learning how to do simple handwork is a great way for girls to combine practical skills and creativity．With schools and educators always trying to encourage more girls to take up STEM subjects (science, technology, engineering and maths) in high school and beyond, this could be the start of something special．
“My daughter always asks to help me when I get something from IKEA that needs putting together，” says Emma．“Normally, I don't trust her to do much more than turning the Allen key a few times, but recently I bought two chairs and thought: Why not let them have a go My daughter Ruby did one on her own and was really careful and expert in it．It amazed me that she did a better job than me．”
If parents still aren't convinced that letting their daughters loose with the family power tools is a good idea, just remember how much the local worker charges for a quick DIY job．This fun hobby might save the family a few dollars, or even broaden their daughter's visions to a building, engineering-based career or study path further down the line．
“When I first used a saw (锯子), I was pretty sure I'd cut my finger off or something, but our teacher explained everything we needed to know and I started off slowly，” explains Amelia, a 12-year-old girl．
“I've nearly finished making my bread board and I've brought some off-cuts home because I want to try and turn them into something using tools from my grandpa's collection．I love building．It's creative and challenging and really satisfying when it works！” Amelia adds．“I'm going to build a bird feeder for our garden next．I just need to ask Mum and Dad if I can borrow a drill and some nails．”
Hopefully they'll say yes．After all, Amelia might end up building them a family house in a few years．
9．How did Ruby perform when putting the chair together？
A．Less carefully than usual．
B．As skillfully as an expert．
C．Beyond mom's expectation．
D．No better than her mom．
10．What will happen if a girl knows how to do a DIY job？
A．The local worker will charge her less money．
B．She will make a few dollars for the family．
C．It will prevent her from getting a lot of fun．
D．It will improve her STEM-related ability．
11．What will Amelia do with parents' permission？
A．Make a bread board．
B．Bring off-cuts home．
C．Build a family house．
D．Make a bird feeder．
12．What's the main idea of the text？
A．Parents ought to do handwork with their kids．
B．Girls should be given chances to do handwork．
C．Girls share their stories about doing handwork．
D．Kids are beneficial from doing some handwork．
Passage 4
Nike's “Just do it” slogan is undoubtedly a killer line—and now it's been revealed that the inspiration for it came from an actual killer．The phrase, first used in a Nike advertisement in 1988, was brought to the firm by advertising executive Dan Wieden, who admitted that it was borrowed from something a Utah murderer spoke as he faced a firing squad．The murderer in question was Gary Gilmore, who was sentenced to death in 1977 for robbing and killing two men in Utah the previous year．
Mr Wieden, speaking at an advertising conference in February, said that he recalled this line in 1988 just before he had a marketing campaign meeting with Nike bosses, and decided to suggest a slightly changed version as a slogan．His company had been sent in by Nike to help them fight back rivals Reebok, who had just announced bigger profits．Mr Wieden said, “We came up with five different 30 second spots．The night before a meeting with Nike, I got concerned because there wasn't a strong connection to them all．Some were funny, some were serious．So I thought we need a slogan to pull them together．I wrote about four or five ideas．I narrowed it down to the last one, which was ‘Just do it’．The reason I did that one was funny because I was recalling a man in Portland．He murdered a man and a woman, and was put before a firing squad．And they asked him if he had any final thoughts and he said, ‘Let's do it’．And for some reason I didn't like ‘Let's do it’ so I just changed it to ‘Just do it’．”
At first, he recalled, Nike hated the idea, but he won them round and the slogan appeared at the end of an advert featuring 80-year-old runner Walt Stack．It is now one of the most famous slogans in the world, described by Campaign magazine as “arguably the best tagline of the 20th century”．
13．Why does the author write this passage？
A．He intends to tell the story of Gary Gilmore the murderer．
B．He wants to say that the famous slogan was inspired by a murderer．
C．He attempts to say that Nike once had a difficult time in development．
D．He wants to introduce the best slogan of the 20th century．
14．What did Gary Gilmore do according to the passage？
A．He said “Just do it” before he was put to death．
B．He competed against Nike in the 1980s．
C．He robbed and murdered two men in Utah．
D．He worked as the advertising executive at Nike．
15．What can we infer from the passage？
A．Nike was having a hard time in 1988．
B．Nike was very competitive around the world．
C．Gary Gilmore taught a good lesson about advertisement．
D．Either funny or serious slogans are not impressive．
16．What was Mr Wieden concerned about？
A．His idea was funny as it was borrowed from a murderer．
B．He was not pleased with any of the five parts．
C．The advertising lines were too serious to be attractive．
D．A slogan was needed to connect five parts together．
Passage 5
The wires, screens and batteries that make up our devices—not to mention the plastic, metal and other materials that package them—are filling up landfills．Some e-waste is relatively large: old phones and air conditioners, for instance．Other e-waste is more hidden, such as electronic single-use medical diagnostic kits, environmental sensors, and smart labels that contain one-off batteries and other equipment．
“It's these small batteries that are big problems，” says public health scientist Dele Ogunseitan, who was not involved in developing the battery．Nobody really pays attention to where they end up．
Researchers at the Cellulose & Wood Materials Laboratory at the Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) are working to address this problem．Their new paper in Scientific Reports describes a paper battery developed from environmentally friendly materials that could eventually present a sustainable alternative to the more harmful batteries common in low-power devices．
The paper battery has the same key components as standard batteries but packages them differently．Like a typical chemical battery, it has a positively charged side called a cathode (负极), a negatively charged side called an anode (正极), and a conductive material called an electrolyte (电解质)between the two．A traditional battery's components are packaged in plastic and metal; in the new battery, the anode and cathode are inks printed onto the front and back of a piece of paper．That paper is filled with salt, which dissolves (溶解)when the paper is dampened with water．The resulting saltwater solution acts as the electrolyte．
When the paper is dry, the battery is shelf-stable．Add just a couple of drops of water, however, and the salt dissolves, allowing electrons to flow．Once the paper is dampened, the battery becomes active within 20 seconds．The new battery's operating performance declines as the paper dries．When the scientists rewet the paper during testing, the battery regained functionality and lasted an hour before beginning to dry out again．
17．What can we infer about small disposal batteries according to Dele Ogunseitan？
A．They are no big problems．
B．They need to be addressed．
C．They should be made larger．
D．They are environmentally friendly．
18．What's special about the new battery？
A．It has a cathode and an anode．
B．It has different key components．
C．Its cathode and anode are printed on paper．
D．Its components are packaged in plastic and metal．
19．What is used to make the new battery start to operate？
A．Salt． B．Metal．
C．Ink． D．Water．
20．In which section can we find the text？
A．Advances． B．Reviews．
C．Culture． D．Opinion．
Passage 6
If you ask something of ChatGPT, an artificial-intelligence(AI) tool, you may immediately get the responses, completely certain and often wrong．The questions raised by technologies like ChatGPT cause much more tentative answers．But they are ones that managers ought to start asking．
One issue is how to deal with employees' concerns about job security．Worries are natural．An AI that makes it easier to process your expenses is one thing; an AI that people would prefer to sit next to at a dinner party quite another．Being clear about how workers would redirect time and energy that is freed up by an AI helps foster acceptance．So does creating a sense of agency: research conducted by MIT Sloan Management Review and the Boston Consulting Group found that an ability to override an AI makes employees more likely to use it．
Arthur Jago of the University of Washington and Glenn Carroll of the Stanford Graduate School of Business investigate how willing people are to give rather than earn credit—specifically for work that someone did not do on their own．They showed volunteers something attributed to a specific person—an artwork, say, or a business plan—and then revealed that it had been created either with the help of an algorithm or with the help of human assistants．Everyone gave less credit to producers when they were told they had been helped, but this effect was more pronounced for work that involved human assistants．
The picture that emerges from such research is messy．It is also dynamic: just as technologies evolve, so will attitudes．But it is crystal-clear on one thing．The impact of ChatGPT and other AIs will depend not just on what they can do, but also on how they make people feel．
21．What should managers take into consideration when using technologies like ChatGPT？
A．Skills used for them．
B．Issues caused by them．
C．Accuracy ensured in them．
D．Alternatives discovered for them．
22．What can we learn about employees' attitude towards AI from Paragraph 2？
A．They find it can make their work more complicated．
B．They think it is a threat for AI to replace them at work．
C．They consider it's normal for AI to finish all their work．
D．They feel it's vital for them to acknowledge its abilities．
23．What did the volunteers think of a task accomplished with AI algorithm？
A．They thought little of it．
B．They were unaware of it．
C．They spoke highly of it．
D．They felt envious about it．
24．What does the passage mainly talk about？
A．The limitation of AI．
B．The importance of ChatGPT．
C．The relationship between AI and humans．
D．The practical application of ChatGPT．
Passage 7
Parents and teachers worry about the loss of learning caused by the pandemic and want to catch up immediately.But it’s unrealistic to think that a few months will fully close the gaps.
Educators tend to underestimate the importance of knowledge,as though rote(死记硬背) teaching harms teaching higher-order thinking.But science shows otherwise.The processes that teachers care about most,like critical thinking,are closely interconnected with factual knowledge stored in long-term memory.Yet we continue to romanticize an impossible shortcut:teaching critical thinking as if it were a universally applicable skill.
Take the subject of reading,which schools see as thinking skills that can be taught directly:I will teach students what an inference is.Actually,students make inferences when they can read fluently and have the vocabulary and background knowledge to name what is unsaid.
Educators also often underestimate memory.Cognitive scientist Paul Kirschner argues that building memory is “the aim of all teaching” and that “if nothing has changed in long-term memory,nothing has been learned”.At the end of a lesson,if students appear to understand an idea,their teacher may think,“Great,they really understand the point.” But if weeks later,the students forget it,learning has not really occurred.
Finally,we must consider students’ emotional needs.Belonging is one of the most profound human emotions.Consider a classroom in which students are socialized to comment:“I agree with Cassidy and want to provide another example.” That conveys to Cassidy that her comments were meaningful.This would also be achieved if,when Cassidy is speaking,her classmates are looking at her,nodding and sending positive nonverbal social signals that they value her words.Only peers can provide this sense of belonging,but teachers can cultivate the environment.
All in all,if we want to benefit students,we must ground our teaching in the science that value knowledge and memory,and the role that belonging plays in students’ study.
25.What can we know about critical thinking according to the passage
A.It can be taught directly.
B.It is gradually formed.
C.It is deeply rooted in reading.
D.It is universally applicable.
26.According to Paul Kirschner,when does real learning happen
A.When students perform well in class activities.
B.When students understand what has been taught.
C.When students achieve changes in long-term memory.
D.When students start to forget unnecessary information.
27.What is the main idea of paragraph 5
A.Nonverbal social signals matter in class.
B.Being sociable in the classroom is important.
C.Students should support each other in class discussions.
D.Classrooms are where the feeling of belonging is developed.
28.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A.To urge schools to teach more knowledge.
B.To show concern about the influence of the pandemic.
C.To promote higher-order thinking like critical thinking.
D.To suggest a scientific way to catch up the loss of learning.
Passage 8
People who consume a diet including flavanol(黄烷醇)—rich in foods and drinks,including tea,fruits like apples and berries,could lead to lower blood pressure,according to the first study using objective measures of thousands of UK residents’ diet.
The findings,published in Scientific Reports,studied the diet of more than 25,000 people in Norfolk,UK and compared what they ate with their blood pressure.In contrast to most other studies investigating links between nutrition and health,the researchers did not rely on study participants reporting their diet,but instead measured flavanol intake objectively using nutritional biomarkers—indicators of dietary intake,metabolism or nutritional status that are present in our blood.
The difference in blood pressure between those with the lowest 10% of flavanol intake and those with the highest 10% of intake was between 2 and 4 mmHg.This is comparable to meaningful changes in blood pressure observed in those following a Mediterranean diet or Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet.Notably,the effect was more conspicuous in participants with high blood pressure.
This research confirms the results from previous dietary intervention studies and shows that the same results can be achieved with a habitual diet rich in flavanols.In the British diet,the main sources are tea,cocoa,apples and berries.
Professor Gunter Kuhnle,a nutritionist at the University of Reading who led the study,said,“We are delighted to see that in our study,there is a meaningful and significant association between flavanol consumption and lower blood pressure.”
“This study adds key insights to a growing body of evidence supporting the benefits of dietary flavanols in health and nutrition.This suggests if the general public increased its flavanol intake,there could be an overall reduction in cardiovascular(心血管的) disease incidence,” Gunter added.
29.In which aspect is the study different from most other similar studies
A.Research method.
B.Research object.
C.Research institution.
D.Research result.
30.What does the underlined word “conspicuous” in paragraph 3 mean
A.Constant. B.Obvious.
C.Awkward. D.Curious.
31.What may Gunter advise people to do to reduce cardiovascular disease incidence
A.Adopt a healthy diet.
B.Change lifestyle.
C.Increase flavanol intake.
D.Consume less salt and fat.
32.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.Fruits like apples and berries are rich in flavonol
B.Measuring nutritional biomarkers is more objective
C.New study confirms the results of dietary intervention
D.High flavanol diet may lead to lower blood pressure
Passage 9
In August,Jason M.Allen’s piece “Theatre D’opéra Spatial”—which he created with AI image generator Midjourney—won first place in the emerging artist division’s “digital arts photography” category at the Colorado State Fair Fine Arts Competition.The definition for the category states that digital art refers to works that use “digital technology as part of the creative process”.
Allen’s award-winning image has led to debates about what,exactly,it means to be an artist and whether AI can truly make art.“It felt bad for the exact same reason we don’t let robots participate in the Olympics,” one Twitter user wrote.“This is the literal definition of ‘pressed a few buttons to make a digital art piece’,” another tweeted.
Yet while Allen didn’t use a paintbrush,there was plenty of work involved,he said.First,he played around with phrasing that led Midjourney to generate images of women in elegant dresses and space helmets,in an attempt to mix Victorian-style costuming with space themes.Over time,with many slight changes to his written prompt(提示符),he created 900 different versions of what led to his final image.Then he improved its resolution through Gigapixel AI and finally had the images printed.
Allen is glad the debate over whether AI can be used to make art is attracting so much attention.“Rather than hating on the technology,we need to recognize that it’s a powerful tool and use it for good so we can all move forward,” Allen said.
Cal Duran,one of the judges for the competition,said that while Allen’s piece included a mention of AI,he didn’t realize that when judging it.Still,he sticks by his decision to award it first place.“I think the AI technology may give more opportunities to people who may not find themselves artists in the conventional way,” he said.
33.Why has Jason’s work led to debates
A.It was a copy of a photograph.
B.He challenged the older artists.
C.It was created with the help of AI.
D.He broke the rule of the competition.
34.What can best describe Allen’s creating process
A.Cooperative. B.Energy-consuming.
C.Straightforward. D.Imagination-lacking.
35.What can we learn about AI from the last paragraph
A.It is a double-edged sword.
B.It attracts conventional artists.
C.It strikes art judges as no surprise.
D.It may open a new world to artists.
36.What is the text mainly about
A.A trend to be AI artists.
B.An AI-generated art contest.
C.Responses to a winning AI artwork.
D.Curiosity about an image generator.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者讲述自己再次取得成功的故事，她因为自己的成就得到了承认而特别自豪，并且发出感悟：我们应该多鼓励、赞赏自己。
1．D 细节理解题。根据第二段“But, nevertheless, it's given me a glow of pride．Somebody acknowledged my achievements! (但无论如何，这给了我一种自豪感。有人承认了我的成就！)”可知，这次获奖作者之所以这么自豪，是因为有人承认了她的成就。故选D。
2．B 段落大意题。根据第三段“Now, however, I am grabbing that award and shouting: ‘At last, the recognition I deserve！’， because I know how much work I've put in, and I'm not about to let anyone lessen that．(然而，现在，我抓住了这个奖项并大喊：‘终于，我得到了应得的认可！’因为我知道我付出了多少努力，我不会让任何人贬低这一点。)”可知，这一段作者主要想要表达她付出了很多努力，并且最终取得成功。故选B。
3．A 词句猜测题。根据第六段“A friend once told me about a self-development course she'd been on where participants had to shout ‘I apprise of my decision！’， and then high-five themselves．(有一次，一位朋友告诉我，她参加了一个自我发展课程，参与者必须大喊‘我知道我的决定了！’，然后自己击掌。)”可知，作者从朋友的一门课程中学到要自我激励，而画线词ritual前有指示代词this，所表达的内容前文已经提到过，I put this ritual into my daily life表示“我把这一惯例应用在自己的日常生活”，且也得到了下文“Now, I am done．And, then, I'm writing myself an email of praise．(现在我完成了。并且，我给自己写了封表扬邮件。)”的印证。故选A。
4．B 推理判断题。根据第四段“For most of us, praise is not a daily gift．So, when it comes, we need to allow ourselves to receive it．And if no one else is giving it to us, we need to give it to ourselves．(对我们大多数人来说，赞美不是日常的礼物。所以，当它来临时，我们需要让自己接受它。如果没有人给我们，我们需要给自己。)”可知，作者会给女性提的建议可能是“女性应该欣赏，赞赏自己”。故选B。
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。我与莫里的接触中，渐渐地明白了一个道理：人们一直在寻找生活的意义，为未来努力奔跑，想着下一辆车，下一所房子，下一份工作，但却忘了珍惜当下，活在当下。
5．A 推理判断题。根据首段“I came to love the way Morrie lit up when I entered the room．He did this for many people, I know, but it was his special talent to make each visitor feel the smile was unique．(我渐渐喜欢上了莫里在我走进房间时使整个房间变得快活起来。我知道，他为很多人都这样做过，但他的特殊才能是让每个来访者都觉得他的微笑是独一无二的。)”可知，莫里喜欢对别人笑。故选A。
6．C 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“So many people with far smaller problems are so self-absorbed, their eyes glaze over if you speak for more than thirty seconds．They already have something else in mind a friend to call, a fax to send, a lover they're daydreaming about．(很多人在处理小问题的时候都很自私，如果你说话超过30秒，他们的眼睛就会变得呆滞。他们心里已经有了其他的想法——一个要打电话的朋友，一个要发的传真，一个他们梦寐以求的情人。)”可知，当有人和他们说话时，他们会眼神呆滞，开小差，很少注意倾听。故选C。
7．B 推理判断题。根据第三段“When I'm talking to you now, Mitch, I try to keep focused only on what is going on between us．I am not thinking about something we said last week．I am not thinking of what's coming up this Friday．I am not thinking about doing another Koppel show, or about what medications I'm taking．(我现在跟你说话的时候，米奇，我尽量只关注我们之间的事。我不是在想我们上周说过的话。我没有考虑这个星期五会发生什么。我没想过要再演一部科佩尔的剧，也没想过要吃什么药。)”可知，作者发现莫里不考虑过去和将来的事，所以认为他很懒。故选B。
8．B 推理判断题。根据第三段“‘I believe in being fully present，’ Morrie said．(‘我相信活在当下，’莫里说。)”以及末段“People haven't found meaning in their lives, so they're running all the time looking for it．They think of the next car, the next house, the next job．Then they find those things are empty, too, and they keep running．(人们还没有找到生活的意义，所以他们一直在寻找意义。他们想着下一辆车，下一所房子，下一份工作。然后他们发现那些东西也是空的，他们就继续跑。)”可知，人们一直在寻找生活的意义，为未来努力奔跑，想着下一辆车，下一所房子，下一份工作，但却忘了珍惜当下，活在当下，所以这篇文章告诉我们要珍惜当下。故选B。
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。本文通过两位女孩的实践经历和一位女孩母亲的反馈，论述了给女孩更多手工劳动实践的机会的重要性。
9．C 细节理解题。根据第二段“My daughter Ruby did one on her own and was really careful and expert in it．It amazed me that she did a better job than me．(我的女儿Ruby自己做了一个，她真的很仔细，而且很内行。她的工作做得比我好，这使我感到惊讶。)”可知，Ruby的表现很棒，比妈妈都做得好，超出了妈妈的预期。故选C。
10．D 推理判断题。根据第三段“This fun hobby might save the family a few dollars, or even broaden their daughter's visions to a building, engineering-based career or study path further down the line．(这个有趣的爱好可能会为家人节省几美元，甚至可以开阔女儿的视野，让她从事建筑、工程类的职业，或进一步学习。)”和第一段对STEM的解释可知，给女孩机会做手工可以拓宽女孩在建筑、工程方面的视野，有利于她们继续这方面的学习，提高她们STEM相关的能力。故选D。
11．D 细节理解题。根据第五段“I'm going to build a bird feeder for our garden next．I just need to ask Mum and Dad if I can borrow a drill and some nails．(接下来我要为我们的花园建一个喂鸟器。我只是想问问爸爸妈妈能不能借我一把钻和一些钉子。)”可知，她要在征求父母同意后做一个喂鸟器。故选D。
12．B 文章大意题。根据第一段“Learning how to do simple handwork is a great way for girls to combine practical skills and creativity．With schools and educators always trying to encourage more girls to take up STEM subjects (science, technology, engineering and maths) in high school and beyond, this could be the start of something special．(学习如何做简单的手工是女孩将实用技能和创造力结合起来的好方法。学校和教育工作者总是试图鼓励更多的女孩在高中及以后学习STEM科目(科学、技术、工程和数学)，这可能是一些特别的事情的开始。)”可知，手工实践对女孩来说是一项提高她们STEM能力的好方法，下文也通过两位女孩的实践经历和一位女孩母亲的反馈，论述了给女孩更多手工劳动实践的机会的重要性。故选B。
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了耐克公司的广告语“说做就做”的历史渊源。
13．B 写作意图题。根据第一段“Nike's ‘Just do it’ slogan is undoubtedly a killer line—and now it's been revealed that the inspiration for it came from an actual killer．(耐克的‘Just do it’口号无疑是一句杀手级的口号，而现在有消息透露，这句口号的灵感来自一位真正的杀手。)”可知，本文的写作目的是为了介绍耐克公司的广告语“说做就做”的灵感来自一位临刑犯人的遗言。故选B。
14．C 细节理解题。根据第一段“The murderer in question was Gary Gilmore, who was sentenced to death in 1977 for robbing and killing two men in Utah the previous year．(本案中的凶手是加里·吉尔摩，他于1977年因前一年在犹他州抢劫并杀害两名男子而被判处死刑。)”可知，Gary Gilmore被判死刑的原因是他1976年抢劫并谋杀了两位犹他州的居民。故选C。
15．A 推理判断题。根据第二段“His company had been sent in by Nike to help them fight back rivals Reebok, who had just announced bigger profits．(他的团队是耐克派来帮助他们对抗竞争对手锐步的，锐步刚刚宣布了更高的利润。)”可知，耐克公司请广告公司来参加与对手Reebok 的竞争，由此可推断，当时的耐克公司在发展方面困难，局面不容乐观。故选A。
16．D 细节理解题。根据第二段“I got concerned because there wasn't a strong connection to them all．(我很担心，因为我和他们并没有很强的联系。)”可知，威登先生认为这五个30秒的广告之间缺乏联系，需要一个标语把它们贯穿起来，起到锦上添花的作用。故选D。
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新型电池，同时讲述了该电池的工作原理以及相关应用。
17．B 推理判断题。根据第一段“Other e-waste is more hidden, such as electronic single-use medical diagnostic kits, environmental sensors, and smart labels that contain one-off batteries and other equipment．(其他电子垃圾则较为隐蔽，如电子一次性医疗诊断包、环境传感器以及包含一次性电池和其他设备的智能标签。)”以及第二段“‘It's these small batteries that are big problems，’ says public health scientist Dele Ogunseitan, who was not involved in developing the battery．Nobody really pays attention to where they end up．(‘这些小电池才是大问题，’公共卫生科学家Dele Ogunseitan说，他没有参与电池的开发。没有人真正关注它们最终会去哪里。)”可知，由于较小的一次性电池垃圾较为隐蔽，所以很少有人会真正的关注它们最终会去哪里。由此推断这些较小的一次性电池垃圾是亟需解决的。故选B。
18．C 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“A traditional battery's components are packaged in plastic and metal; in the new battery, the anode and cathode are inks printed onto the front and back of a piece of paper．(传统电池的组件用塑料和金属包装；在新电池中，阳极和阴极是印刷在纸张正面和背面的墨水。)”可知，新型电池的阳极和阴极是印在纸的正反面的墨水。故选C。
19．D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“That paper is filled with salt, which dissolves (溶解)when the paper is dampened with water．The resulting saltwater solution acts as the electrolyte．(这张纸里装满了盐，当纸被水浸湿时，盐就会溶解。由此产生的盐水溶液充当电解质。)”以及最后一段“Add just a couple of drops of water, however, and the salt dissolves, allowing electrons to flow．(然而，只要加入几滴水，盐就会溶解，让电子流动。)”可知，水是用来使新电池开始工作的。故选D。
20．A 文章出处题。通读全文以及第三段“Their new paper in Scientific Reports describes a paper battery developed from environmentally friendly materials that could eventually present a sustainable alternative to the more harmful batteries common in low-power devices．(他们在《科学报告》上发表的新论文描述了一种由环保材料开发的纸电池，最终可能成为低功耗设备中常见的有害电池的可持续替代品。)”可知，文章介绍的是一种新型电池，介绍了该电池的工作原理以及相关应用。所以推断文章出自先进科技部分。故选A。
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章以人工智能ChatGPT引发的问题为引入，通过一系列研究和实验探讨了人工智能与人类之间的关系。
21．B 细节理解题。根据第一段“The questions raised by technologies like ChatGPT cause much more tentative answers．But they are ones that managers ought to start asking．(由ChatGPT等技术引起的问题带来了更多的试探性答案。但它们是经理们应该开始问的问题。)”可知，管理人员在使用ChatGPT等技术时应该考虑由它们引起的问题。故选B。
22．B 细节理解题。根据第二段“One issue is how to deal with employees' concerns about job security．Worries are natural．An AI that makes it easier to process your expenses is one thing; an AI that people would prefer to sit next to at a dinner party quite another．(其中一个问题是如何处理员工对工作保障的担忧。担忧是自然的。让你的开支更容易处理的人工智能是一回事；一个人们在晚宴上更愿意坐在旁边的人工智能就完全是另一回事了。)”可知，员工认为人工智能在工作中取代他们，是一个威胁。故选B。
23．A 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“They showed volunteers something attributed to a specific person—an artwork, say, or a business plan—and then revealed that it had been created either with the help of an algorithm or with the help of human assistants．Everyone gave less credit to producers when they were told they had been helped, but this effect was more pronounced for work that involved human assistants．(他们向志愿者展示了一些属于某个特定人物的东西——比如一件艺术品或一份商业计划——然后告诉他们，这些东西是在算法的帮助下或在人工助理的帮助下创建的。当每个人都被告知他们得到了帮助时，他们对制作者的信任就会降低，但这种影响在有人工助理的工作中更加明显。)”可知，志愿者不喜欢使用AI算法完成的任务。故选A。
24．C 文章大意题。根据最后一段“The impact of ChatGPT and other AIs will depend not just on what they can do, but also on how they make people feel．(ChatGPT和其他人工智能的影响不仅取决于它们能做什么，还取决于它们给人的感觉。)”结合文章以人工智能ChatGPT引发的问题为引入，通过一系列研究和实验探讨了人工智能与人类之间的关系可知，这篇文章主要讲的是人工智能和人类的关系。故选C。
Passage 1
[语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了疫情后如何科学弥补学生学习缺漏。作者认为只教授思辨性思维等高阶思维技巧是不可行的,强调了基础知识、长期记忆和情感归属感对学生学习的重要性。
25.B 推理判断题。根据第二段中“The processes that teachers care about most,like critical thinking,are closely interconnected with factual knowledge stored in long-term memory.”及第三段中的举例“Take the subject of reading,which schools see as thinking skills that can be taught directly:I will teach students what an inference is.Actually,students make inferences when they can read fluently and have the vocabulary and background knowledge to name what is unsaid.”可知,思辨性思维是在长期习得的知识的基础上形成的。
26.C 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Cognitive scientist Paul Kirschner argues that building memory is ‘the aim of all teaching’ and that ‘if nothing has changed in long-term memory,nothing has been learned’.”可知,Paul Kirschner 认为真正的学习发生在学生的长期记忆有所变化时。
27.D 主旨大意题。根据第五段内容可知,第五段阐述了疫情后,课堂中应关注学生的归属感,以及在课堂中哪些情境可以帮助学生培养归属感。老师们可以努力去创设这种教学情境。因此,本段主要讲述课堂是培养学生归属感的地方。
28.D 推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句中的“close the gaps”及最后一段可知,学校应重视学生的基础知识、长期记忆和归属感。因此本文的目的是推荐一种科学的弥补学习缺漏的方法。
Passage 2
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。根据一项对数千名英国居民饮食进行客观测量的研究,含有丰富黄烷醇的食物和饮料,包括茶、苹果和浆果等水果,可能会导致血压降低。
29.A 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“In contrast to most other studies...in our blood.”可知,这项实验在调查方法方面不同于其他大多数类似研究。故选A项。
30.B 词句猜测题。根据第三段倒数第二句“This is comparable to meaningful changes in blood pressure observed in those following a Mediterranean diet or Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet.”和Notably可知,此处是指这种影响在高血压患者中更为明显。conspicuous意为“明显的”。故选B项。
31.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“This suggests if the general public increased its flavanol intake,there could be an overall reduction in cardiovascular disease incidence”可知,Gunter可能会建议人们增加黄烷醇的摄入量,以减少心血管疾病的发病率。故选C项。
32.D 主旨大意题。根据第一段内容可知,文章主要是讲一项研究发现高黄烷醇饮食可能导致血压降低。故选D项。
Passage 3
[语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。文章呈现了在人工智能帮助下获奖艺术作品的出现引发的辩论。
33.C 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Allen’s award-winning image has led to debates about what,exactly,it means to be an artist and whether AI can truly make art.”可推测,人们争论的点是艺术家意味着什么,以及人工智能能否创造艺术,即他的艺术获奖作品是在人工智能的帮助下完成的这件事情导致了争论。
34.A 推理判断题。根据第三段中“First,he played around with phrasing that led Midjourney to generate images of women in elegant dresses and space helmets,in an attempt to mix Victorian-style costuming with space themes.”以及最后一句“Then he improved its resolution through Gigapixel AI and finally had the images printed.”可以看出,他的作品是通过他和两种人工智能一起合作而成,即cooperative“合作的,协作的”。
35.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Still,he sticks by his decision to award it first place.‘I think the AI technology may give more opportunities to people who may not find themselves artists in the conventional way,’ he said.”可推测,在这位评委看来,人工智能给艺术和艺术家提供了更多机会,换言之,可能打开艺术新世界的大门。
36.C 主旨大意题。根据第二段第一句“Allen’s award-winning image has led to debates about what,exactly,it means to be an artist and whether AI can truly make art.”,第四段第一句“Allen is glad the debate over whether AI can be used to make art is attracting so much attention.”以及最后一段中“Still,he sticks by his decision to award it first place.‘I think the AI technology may give more opportunities to people who may not find themselves artists in the conventional way,’ he said.”可知,本文主要呈现的是这幅在人工智能帮助下完成的艺术作品获奖后引起的辩论,即不同人对此不同的回应。