2024成都中考英语二轮复习 专题二 第1讲 名词 课件 (共26张PPT)

(共26张PPT)
用法丰富的名词、
形容词和副词
专 题 二
命题点1 名词词义辨析
3
命题点2 名词的数
4
第1讲 名词
命题点3 名词所有格
5
成都考情概览
2
课标知识导图
1
课标知识导图
成都考情概览
分析成都近10年中考真题可知，名词的命题特点如下：
①名词词义辨析(10年46考)，涉及题型：选择填空和完形填空；考查角度：同类名词词义辨析和不同类名词词义辨析
②名词的数(10年36考)，涉及题型：补全单词、完成对话、短文填空
③名词所有格(10年4考)，涉及题型：完成对话、短文填空
命题点1 名词词义辨析
(10年46考，选择填空、完形填空)
1. No matter what difficulties you meet in life, having a positive ________ will surely help.
A. ability B. experience C. mind
2. We can post the ________ of the poor boy on the Internet so that more people can give a hand to him.
A. method B. news C. knowledge
小题夯基
C
B
3. There is no ________ to make an excuse for your mistake. You'd better correct it right now.
A. choice B. chance C. reason
4. The Chinese Doctors is a famous movie, and I have seen it twice in the ________.
A. library B. cinema C. market
5. Wu Mengchao, a great and ordinary ________， saved lots of patients with his magic hands.
A. doctor B. engineer C. writer
C
B
A
6. To keep our city clean and beautiful, the ________ are always very busy cleaning the streets.
A. drivers B. postmen C. cleaners
7. A life without a dream is like a bird without ________， which can't fly.
A. wings B. eyes C. legs
8. In China, it is a tradition to have ________ during the Spring Festival.
A. noodles B. vegetables C. dumplings
C
A
C
9. Tom is good at guessing words. He can guess words with different ________ in seconds.
A. letters B. sentences C. phrases
10. As an ancient Chinese saying goes, “After making a good ________， we should ensure that the cause achieves fruition(成果)．”
A. beginning B. end C. result
11. No matter how long the ________ lasts, it will be sunny in the end and you will see a beautiful rainbow(彩虹)．
A. sun B. wind C. rain
A
A
C
12. Remember to put the milk into the ________， especially in summer, or it will go bad.
A. cup B. desk C. fridge
13. In the restaurant, people usually choose food and drinks from the ________．
A. menu B. newspaper C. bank
C
A
14. We're supposed to have ________ to face difficulties instead of being afraid of them.
A. courage B. interest C. request
15. I don't know how to make a speech in public. Can you give me some ________？
A. water B. money C. advice
A
C
外文素材选自ACTIVE SKILLS FOR READING
坚持自己的梦想
22 year old Michael Ha has become an example of young people because of his story of success. He was born in a very poor 16 with five people. His family moved to Britain, but they couldn't find jobs there because they spoke little English. The whole family lived in a small 17 in a poor area.
微语篇提能
Growing up was not easy for Michael, but he never gave up. At the 18 of ten , he set his heart on going to Cambridge University. Michael studied at a 19 which used to be the worst in Britain. However, young Michael made up his 20 to try his best, no matter what kind of school he was studying at. The smart boy studied very hard and did well in every subject at school. As a result, Michael reached his 21 . Now Michael is a top medical student in John's College, Cambridge. He hopes to be a(n) 22 for other young people from disadvantaged backgrounds.
（ ）16. A. country B. village C. family
（ ）17. A. home B. house C. boat
（ ）18. A. stage B. age C. time
（ ）19. A. school B. garden C. park
（ ）20. A. mind B. word C. love
（ ）21. A. place B. goal C. idea
（ ）22. A. interest B. example C. opinion
C
B
B
A
A
B
B
命题点2 名词的数
(10年36考，补全单词、完成对话、短文填空)
1. 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，如：chair, chairs。
2. 可数名词可以被基数词、不定冠词(a/an)和many等修饰，如：
sixty seconds, a month, many weeks。
3. 只修饰可数名词复数的修饰语：数词(除one之外的基数词)，many,
a few, few, several, a couple of, a number of, a great/large number of等。
1
考向
可数名词的数(10年27考)
满分点拨
可数名词单数变复数的规则变化表
构成方法 示例
一般情况，加 s (10年8考) star→① ______ ；gift→② ______ ；
invention→③ __________
以字母s, x, sh, ch等结尾的词，加 es bus→④ ______ ; box→⑤ ______ ；
watch→⑥ _______ 特例：stomach→⑦ _________
以字母f或fe结尾的词，变f或fe为v，再加 es leaf→⑧ ______ ; wife→⑨ ______ ；
knife→⑩______ ；life→ ______
知识必备
stars
gifts
inventions
buses
boxes
watches
stomachs
leaves
wives
knives
lives
构成方法 示例
以辅音字母加y结尾的词，先变y为i，再加 es country→ ________ ; baby→ ______ ；story→ ______ ；city→ ______
以元音字母加y结尾的词，加 s toy→ ______ ；monkey→ _________
以ce, se, ze, ge等结尾的词，加 s face→ ______ ；prize→ ______ ；orange→ ________
以辅音字母加o结尾的词，若表示有生命的加 es，若表示无生命的加 s tomato→ _________ ；hero→ ______ ;
photo→ _______；piano→ _______；
zoo→ ______ ；radio→ ______
countries
babies
stories
cities
toys
monkeys
faces
prizes
oranges
tomatoes
heroes
photos
pianos
zoos
radios
可数名词单数变复数的不规则变化
构成方法 示例
改a为e man→ ______ ；woman→ ______
特例：German→ ________ human→ ________
改oo为ee tooth→ ______ ；foot→ ______ 　
在词尾加 ren child→ _________
单复数形式相同 sheep; means; Chinese; Japanese
常用作复数形式或只有复数形式 noodles; scissors; trousers; thanks; clothes; goods; chopsticks
其他特殊形式 mouse→ ______
men
women
Germans
humans
teeth
feet
children
mice
1. 不可数名词没有复数形式，如：water, meat。
2. 不可数名词不可以被基数词和不定冠词(a/an)直接修饰。若表示数量，可用量词加不可数名词表达，如：
a glass of water, two pieces of bread。
3. 只修饰不可数名词的修饰语：much, little, a little, a bit of, a good/great deal of, a large amount of等。
2
考向
不可数名词(10年9考)　　
注意：既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词的修饰语有：some, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, enough, most, hardly, any, all, the rest of等。
中考常见的不可数名词
类别 示例
物质名词 液体 orange橙汁　 milk牛奶　 water水
juice果汁 tea茶 coffee咖啡
食物 bread面包　 meat肉
自然 weather天气　fire火　　 rain雨
wind风 snow雪 ice冰
材料 paper纸　　 plastic塑料　 gold金　
silk丝绸 cotton棉花
知识必备
类别 示例
抽象名词 情感 joy高兴　　 sadness悲伤
学科 maths数学　　 chemistry化学
概念 advice建议 information信息
news消息 knowledge知识
温馨提示：相关习题见“微专题3 名词拼写P114”
命题点3 名词所有格
(10年4考，完成对话、短文填空)
1
考向
's所有格(10年4考)
满分点拨
类别 构成方法 示例
有生命的名词 不以 s结尾加 's my sister's bag
以 s结尾加 ' the students' vacation
类别 构成方法 示例
表示几个人共同拥有 在最后一个人名后加 's Lily and Mary's home
表示每个人各自拥有 在每个人名后加 's Tom's and Jack's shoes
用于构成 不同的节日 加 's或 ' Children's/Teachers' Day
注意：
(1)表示“店铺”、“某人的家”、“诊所”、“办公室”的名词所有格后，一般省去表示地点的名词。如：
at the doctor's(在诊所)；go to my uncle's(去我叔叔家)。
(2)一些具有名词性质的复合不定代词，如someone, everybody等和else连用时，'s应加在else后。如：
everyone else's decision(其他人的决定)。
2
考向
of所有格(近10年未考查)　
用法 示例
表示无生命的东西 the top of the hill
表示“有关，关于” a story of love
表示部分与整体的概念 the bottom of the sea
表示抽象概念 the cost of living
温馨提示：相关习题见“微专题4 用所给名词的适当形式填空P115”
注意：of所有格有时也可以用于有生命的东西，表示所属关系，此时，有生命的of所有格可以和 's所有格互换，如：the girl's name＝the name of the girl。