翠园中学、龙城高级中学2023-2024学年第二学期
高二年级第一次段考英语试卷
考试时间120分钟，满分130分
第一部分 单项选择(共20题，每题1分，满分20分)
1. Their sense of humour and ability to get along with people are two characteristics that ______ for their lack of experience.
A. allow B. demand C. account D. compensate
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们的幽默感和与人相处的能力是弥补他们经验不足的两个特点。A. allow允许；B. demand要求；C. account解释，说明；D. compensate弥补。that引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词two characteristics，two characteristics指的是“Their sense of humour and ability to get along with people (他们的幽默感和与人相处的能力)”，再结合“their lack of experience (他们经验不足)”可知，前者可以弥补后者，compensate for“弥补”符合题意。故选D。
2. Government should bear a greater responsibility ______ funding and setting up a monitoring mechanism to support the education reform.
A. on account of B. regardless of C. on behalf of D. in terms of
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：就资助和建立监督机制而言，政府应该承担更大的责任，以支持教育改革。A. on account of因为；B. regardless of 不管；C. on behalf of 代表；D. in terms of在……方面，就……而言。根据句意和常识可知，就资助和建立监督机制这两个方面而言，政府应该承担更大的责任，故使用固定短语in terms of。故选D。
3. According to experts, houses with good ______ to the shops and schools can resist the decrease in the prices.
A. furniture B. component C. value D. access
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据专家的说法，靠近商店和学校的房子可以抵抗房价的下降。A. furniture家具；B. component组成部分，成分；C. value重要性，用途；D. access（使用或见到的）机会/权利。根据“to the shops and schools”可知，access“（使用或见到的）机会/权利”符合题意，access to表示“可接近，能访问”，句中表示靠近商店和学校的房子。故选D。
4. The tourist attraction has very few tourists in the off-season, while the population can ________ to 40,000 during the tourist season.
A. preserve B. explode C. appoint D. decrease
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在淡季，这个旅游景点的游客很少，而在旅游旺季，人数会激增至4万人。A. preserve保护；B. explode 激增；C. appoint 认命；D. decrease 减少。根据句意以及连词while（可是）可知，前后两句是转折关系，即淡季游客稀少，旺季游客数量激增。故选B。
5. It is hard to ________ how many children suffer from dyslexia — a slight disorder of the brain that causes difficulty in reading and spelling.
A. secure B. estimate C. assist D. collapse
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：很难估计有多少孩子患有诵读困难症——一种导致阅读和拼写困难的轻微大脑紊乱。A. secure使安全；保卫；B. estimate估计；C. assist帮助；D. collapse倒塌。根据“how many children suffer from dyslexia”可知，有多少孩子患有诵读困难症是很难估计的。故选B。
6 I don't know whether she has to the school life there since she went to the senior high 3 months ago.
A. adopted B. related C. adapted D. connected
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不知道自从她三个月前上高中以来是否适应了那里的学校生活。A. adopted 收养；B. related联系，和……有关； C. adapted适应； D. connected和……联系。由“ since she went to the senior high 3 months ago.”可知，她三个月前刚上高中，所以不知道她是否适应那里的生活，故选C项。
7. We have many cases where hard work has ______ one’s chances of success in the past years.
A. tackled B. multiplied C. collapsed D. highlighted
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在过去的几年里，我们有很多努力工作使一个人成功的机会大大增加的案例。A. tackled处理；B. multiplied（使）增加；C. collapsed崩溃，瓦解；D. highlighted突出，强调。根据“hard work”和“one’s chances of success”可推知，multiplied“（使）增加”符合题意，表示努力工作使一个人成功的机会大大增加。故选B。
8. Hundreds of delighted students________ to welcome him who had raised money to build a well for them near their school.
A. worked out B. dropped out C. given out D. turned out
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。 句意：数百名高兴的学生出来欢迎他，他们已经筹集到了资金，为他们在学校附近建造了一口井。A. worked out锻炼；B. dropped out辍学；C. given out分发；D. turned out走出来。根据空后“to welcome him”可知，此出处指学生高兴地出来欢迎他。故选D。
9. The world is now changing faster and faster. I try to___________ current affairs by reading the newspapers.
A. come up with B. make use of
C. keep in touch with D. consist of
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：这个世界现在变得越来越快了。我尽量通过读报来了解时事。A. come up with提出；B. make use of利用；C. keep in touch with与……保持联系；D. consist of由……组成。此处指通过读报了解时事，与时事保持联系。故选C。
10. Parents should ________ some time every week to hang out with their children and have a proper conversation.
A. leave out B. set aside C. give away D. break out
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：家长们应该每周抽出一些时间和孩子们在一起，进行适当的交谈。A. leave out忽略； B. set aside留出……用于； C. give away赠送； D. break out爆发。根据“some time every week”可知，家长应该每周留出时间和孩子们在一起，进行交谈，所以set aside “留出……用于”符合语境。故选B。
11. —You are a great swimmer.
—Thanks. It’s because I ______ a lot these days.
A. have been practising B. was practising
C. would practise D. had practised
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查时态。句意:-你游泳很棒。-谢谢。这是因为这些天我一直在练习。根据时间状语these days(这些天)可知，“练习游泳”从数天前开始，一直持续到现在，因此该句应用现在完成进行时态。故选A。
12. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who ________ in the mountains for two days.
A. are trapping B. have been trapped
C. were trapping D. had been trapped
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查语态和时态。句意：一个救援人员冒着生命危险挽救了两个被困在山里两天的旅游者。“who ___ in the mountains for two days”是定语从句，修饰two tourists，two tourists和trap之间是被动关系，该空应用被动语态。由risked可知，营救人员救游客是过去的事情，被困两天发生在营救人员救了他们之前，即“过去的过去”，该空应用过去完成时态。综上，D选项正确。
点睛：过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”，其表达形式为had done，被动语态的表达形式为had been done。
13. I know I’ve put my passport in a place ______ I thought it would be safe, but now I can’t remember it.
A. which B. that C. where D. what
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我知道我把护照放在了一个我认为安全的地方，但现在我记不起来了。分析句子结构可知，本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是place，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故选C。
14. The famous director, as well as the main actors in the film, _________to a TV program to have a face-to-face talk with the audience last Saturday.
A. have been invited B. has been invited C. was invited D. were invited
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：上周六，这位著名的导演及该电影的主要演员被邀请去参加电视节目和观众面对面会谈。分析句子结构可知，空处缺谓语动词，时间状语是“last Saturday”，用一般过去时。主语是“The famous director”，遵循就远一致的原则，“as well as the main actors”不影响谓语动词的选择，故谓语动词用第三人称单数，主语“The famous director”和“invite”之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。故选C项。
15. William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes ________ we can learn without repeating them.
A. from which B. in which C. with whom D. for whom
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：威廉·哈斯蒂曾经说过，历史会告诉我们过去的错误，我们可以从中学习避免重复犯错。分析句子可知，past mistakes为先行词，_____ we can learn without repeating them.为定语从句，从句中谓语动词can learn可知，要从过去的错误中学习，learn from“从……中学习”，可知应用from which引导定语从句。故选A。
16. — What do you think of your journey to the seaside town
— Everything is very fantastic, especially its fresh air, which is pleasant ________.
A. breathed B. being breathed C. to be breathed D. to breathe
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：——你觉得你去海滨小镇的旅行怎么样？——一切都很美妙，尤其是它的新鲜空气，呼吸起来很舒服。which引导非限制性定语从句指代先行词its fresh air，sth. be adj. + to do，breathe用动词不定式（to do）主动形式表被动形式。故选D项。
17. The dancer’s incredible performance had the audience on its feet ______ for 10 minutes at the end of the show.
A. being clapped B. clap C. clapped D. clapping
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:舞蹈演员令人难以置信的表演使观众站起来鼓掌达十分钟之久。该题中，have表示“使……处于……状态”。______ for 10 minutes作伴随状语，其逻辑主语the audience和clap之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。故选D。
18. It’s no use ________ over spilt milk.
A. cry B. crying C. that you cry D. for you to cry
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动名词。句意：覆水难收。分析句子结构可知，该句应为it’s no use doing sth.意为“做某事没有用”，其中it为形式主语，动名词为真正主语，所以此处应使用动名词形式crying。故选B项。
19. After careful consideration, Ann has decided to ________ the restaurant after her dad’s retirement due to her love for cooking.
A. take over B. sell out C. look for D. break into
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：经过深思熟虑，Ann决定在父亲退休后接管这家餐厅，因为她热爱烹饪。A. take over接管；B. sell out卖完；C. look for寻找；D. break into闯入。根据后文due to her love for cooking可知，Ann决定接管餐厅。故选A。
20. Once Jason becomes interested in some topic, he can’t help thinking about it __________ he goes.
A. however B. wherever C. whenever D. whomever
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：一旦詹森对某个话题产生兴趣，不管走到哪里他都会不停地思考着。A. however不管怎样；B. wherever无论哪里；C. whenever无论何时；D. whomever无论谁。由he goes以及句意可知，这里表示“无论他走到哪里”。故选B项。
第二部分 阅读 (共两节，满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题， 每小题2.5分， 满分37.5分)
Passage A
Henry Raeburn (1756-1823)
The Exhibition
This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland’s best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London. Selected from collections throughout the world, it is the first major exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years.
Lecture Series
Scottish National Portrait (肖像画) Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general public. They are held in the Lecture Room. Admission to lectures is free.
An Introduction to Raeburn Sunday 26 Oct. 15:00 DUNCAN THOMSON Raeburn’s English Contemporaries Thursday 30 Oct., 13:10 JUDY EGERTON
Characters and Characterisation in Raeburn’s Portraits Thursday 6 Nov., 13:10 NICHOLAS PHILLIPSON Raeburn and Artist’s Training in the 18th Century Thursday 13 Nov., 13:10 MARTIN POSTLE
Exhibition Times
Monday-Saturday 10.00-17.45 Sunday 12.00-17.45
Last admission to the exhibition: 17.15. There is no re-admission.
Closed: 24-26 December and 1 January.
Admission
4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.
Schools and Colleges
A special low entrance charge of 2 per person is available to all in full-time education, up to and including those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers.
21. What is the right time for attending Raeburn’s English Contemporaries
A. Sun. 26 Oct. B. Thurs. 30 Oct. C. Thurs. 6 Nov. D. Thurs.13 Nov.
22. How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission
A. 4. B. 8. C. 12. D. 16.
23. How can full-time students get group discounts
A. They should go on Sunday mornings. B. They should come from art schools.
C. They must be led by teachers. D. They must have ID cards with them.
【答案】21. B 22. B 23. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了为纪念苏格兰最受欢迎的画家亨利·雷伯恩爵士进行的展览的相关情况。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二个小标题中表格右上角Raeburn’s English Contemporaries部分“Thursday 30 Oct. (10月30日星期四)”可知，在10月30日星期四可以去参加Raeburn’s English Contemporaries。故选B项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四个小标题Admission部分“ 4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.(4英镑。12岁以下儿童在一位成人陪同下免费入场)”可知，一对夫妇应付4+4=8英镑，两个12岁以下的儿童在成人陪同下免费，即入场费为8英镑。故选B项。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“A special low entrance charge of 2 per person is available to all in full-time education, up to and including those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers.(所有全日制教育的学生，高至并包括那些学士学位水平的学生，在有教师的组织团体中，均可享受每人2英镑的特别低入场费)”可知，全日制学生在有教师的组织团体中，可以获得折扣，即他们必须由教师带领。故选C项。
【点睛】
Passage B
When a fire broke out in my home in the middle of the night, I knew I'd do anything I could to save my family. The medicine that I take for my rheumatoid arthritis causes me to wake up in the middle of the night with a dry mouth. January 15, 2016, was no different. I, Indiana, US, awoke at 2:30am needing water.
I was walking back upstairs from the kitchen when I heard my bulldog , Rock. Whatever Rock was doing down there, it made enough noise for me to go to him. By the time I made it to the bottom of the stairs, he was running up, and he never came up the stairs, no matter what. I think that was his way of telling me, "We've got to go back up. "When I got to the top of the stairs, I turned around and saw a light on, but I didn't remember leaving one on. I walked downstairs again, and that's when I saw fire. I immediately shouted to my wife to wake up and get our three kids. I grabbed a knife and cut out the plastic that covered the window to the porch roof. I then pried open the window and kicked out the screen. I started screaming for help. But help never came. I got everybody out on the roof and threw a blanket out there so we wouldn't slip off. It was cold, January cold. Then I started screaming for help. But help never came.
Now, I'm scared of heights and have physical issues, what with my rheumatoid arthritis, but I couldn't let my family burn up. So I jumped off the roof. I didn't scoot to the edge; I just jumped and got the wind knocked out of me when I landed. I found our ladder, placed it against the house, and climbed back up to the roof. I wrapped my arms around my daughter and carried my nine - month - old with my teeth, by his little sleeper. Then I climbed down the ladder. Once on the ground, I had my little girl hold her brother, and I went back up to the roof to get my other daughter. Then I went back up again and got my wife. I tried to get my dog, but he just disappeared in the black smoke. I never saw him alive again,
I'm no hero. I'm just an ordinary person who'd help anybody. This happened to be the time when I helped my own family. I live to protect my family. Just likeRock—he lived to protect us.
24. What made the author wake up at 2:30am
A. My dog's barking B. The medicine's effect
C. A burning fire D. A noise downstairs
25. How did Rock tell the author the danger downstairs
A. He turned on a light downstairs.
B. He ran to the author's room upstairs.
C. He kept barking and running up to stairs.
D. He made some noise at the bottom of the stairs.
26. What did the author do after his family all stood on the roof
A. He placed a blanket to keep warm.
B. He started screaming for help.
C. He jumped off the roof.
D. He broke open the window and kicked out the screen
27. Which of the following best describe the author
A. Courageous and responsible B. Caring and selfish
C. Loyal and brave D. Strong and considerate
【答案】24. B 25. C 26. B 27. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者在半夜发生的火灾中营救和保护家人的经过。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“The medicine that I take for my rheumatoid arthritis causes me to wake up in the middle of the night with a dry mouth. January 15, 2016, was no different. I, Indiana, US, awoke at 2:30am needing water.（我服用的治疗类风湿性关节炎的药物使我在半夜醒来时口干舌燥。2016年1月15日，也不例外。我在美国印第安纳州凌晨2:30醒来需要喝水。）”可知，是药物作用使作者半夜起床需要喝水。故选B项。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Rock was doing down there, it made enough noise for me to go to him. By the time I made it to the bottom of the stairs, he was running up, and he never came up the stairs, no matter what.（Rock在下面，吵得让我不得不去找他。当我爬到楼梯下面的时候，他正在往上跑，之前不管发生什么，他从来没有上过楼梯。）”可知，Rock通过不停地叫，并且跑到楼梯上来引起作者的注意，告知作者发生的危险。故选C项。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“I got everybody out on the roof and threw a blanket out there so we wouldn't slip off. It was cold, January cold. Then I started screaming for help. But help never came.（我把所有人都弄到屋顶上，扔了一条毯子在外面，这样我们就不会滑倒了。天气很冷，一月很冷。然后我开始尖叫求救。但一直没有人来帮忙。）”可知，作者把所有家人都弄到屋顶上之后开始大喊求助。故选B项。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Now, I'm scared of heights and have physical issues, what with my rheumatoid arthritis, but I couldn't let my family burn up. So I jumped off the roof.（现在，我有恐高症和身体问题——类风湿关节炎，但我不能让我的家人被烧伤。所以我从屋顶跳下来。）”和最后一段“I'm no hero. I'm just an ordinary person who'd help anybody. This happened to be the time when I helped my own family. I live to protect my family. Just like Rock—he lived to protect us.（我不是英雄。我只是一个愿意帮助任何人的普通人。这是我帮助自己家人的时候。我活着是为了保护我的家人。就像Rock一样他活着是为了保护我们。）”可知，作者有恐高症和身体问题，可是为了救自己的家人，他还是愿意从屋顶跳下来，他愿意负起保护家人的责任，所以可以推断他是个有勇气和负责任的人。故选A项。
Passage C
The streets, sidewalks and roofs of cities all absorb heat during the day, making some urban areas across the United States up to 6 degrees Fahrenheit hotter than rural ones during the day—and 22 degrees F hotter at night. These “urban heat islands” can also develop underground as the city heat spreads downward, beneath the surface. And basements, subway tunnels and other underground infrastructure also constantly bleed heat into the surrounding earth, creating hotspots. Now the underground heat is building up as the planet warms.
According to a new study of downtown Chicago, underground hotspots may threaten the very same structures that emit the heat in the first place. Such temperature changes make the ground around them expand and contract (收缩) enough to cause potential damage. “Without anyone realizing it, the city of Chicago’s downtown was deforming,” says the study’s author Alessandro F. Rotta Loria, a civil and environmental engineer at Northwestern University.
The findings, published in Communications Engineering, expose a “silent hazard (危险)” to civil infrastructure in cities with soft er ground — especially those near water — Rotta Loria says. “There might have been structural issues caused by this underground climate change that happened, and we didn’t even realize,” he adds. While not an immediate or direct danger to human lives, this previously unknown effect highlights the impacts of a lesser-known component of climate change.
Similar to climate change above the surface, these underground changes occur over long periods of time. “These effects took decades, a century, to develop,” Rotta Loria says, adding that elevated underground temperatures would likewise take a long time to dissipate (逐渐消失) on their own.
But other researchers interviewed for this story all say this wasted energy could also be recycled, presenting an opportunity to both cool the subsurface and save on energy costs. Subway tunnels and basements could be updated with technologies to recapture the heat. For example, water pipes could be installed to run through underground hotspots and pick up some of the heat energy.
28. What can we learn about the “urban heat islands”
A. They can develop underground structures.
B. They are impacted by global warming.
C. They can destroy the ground around.
D. They only exist in the United States.
29. Why does Alessandro F. Rotta Loria mention “silent hazard” in paragraph 3
A. To discuss structural issues.
B. To categorize climate change.
C. To explain underground heat.
D. To emphasize the neglected reality.
30. What will the author probably write about in the paragraph that follows
A. The future of tunnels and basements.
B. The reusing approaches of heat energy.
C. The cost of maintaining structures.
D. The evolution of underground environment.
31. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. Warming Underground, Weakening Surface
B. A Silver Lining of Global Warming
C. Urban Silent Islands in the Making
D. A Silent Crisis in Downtown Chicago
【答案】28. B 29. D 30. B 31. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了地下气候变暖对城市地面建筑的负面影响的隐蔽性与长期性，以及介绍潜在的解决方案.
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句话“Now the underground heat is building up as the planet warms. (现在随着地球变暖，地下热量正在积聚)”可知，“城市热岛”是受到全球气候变暖的影响。故选B。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中 Alessandro F. Rotta Loria所说的““There might have been structural issues caused by this underground climate change that happened, and we didn’t even realize(发生的这种地下气候变化可能已经造成了建筑结构上的问题，我们甚至没有意识到)”以及最后一句话“While not an immediate or direct danger to human lives, this previously unknown effect highlights the impacts of a lesser-known component of climate change.(虽然这不是对人类生命的直接或直接威胁，但这种以前未知的影响突显了气候变化中一个鲜为人知的组成部分的影响)”可推知，提出“无声的危险”是想强调地下气候变暖这一被人忽略的事实。故选D。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段“But other researchers interviewed for this story all say this wasted energy could also be recycled, presenting an opportunity to both cool the subsurface and save on energy costs. Subway tunnels and basements could be updated with technologies to recapture the heat. For example, water pipes could be installed to run through underground hotspots and pick up some of the heat energy.(但接受采访的其他研究人员都表示，这些浪费的能源也可以回收利用，这为冷却地下和节省能源成本提供了机会。地铁隧道和地下室可以更新技术以重新获取热量。例如，可以安装水管穿过地下热点并吸收一些热能)”可知，该段是介绍针对地下气候变暖提出了潜在的解决方案，即可以通过更新地铁隧道和地下室的相关技术来回收利用热能，并举例了可通过安装水管这种方法来获取热能。由此推知，接下来应该是介绍对这种热能的再使用方法。故选B。
【31题详解】
主旨大意题。通过归纳各段大意可知，本文是介绍地下气候变暖对城市地面建筑的负面影响的隐蔽性与长期性，以及介绍潜在的解决方案。由此可知，“地下变暖，地表变弱”适合作本文的标题。故选A。
Passage D
Jason, a straight-A student from the University of Pennsylvania, uses the term “pseudo-working” to describe how many of us study. The pseudo-worker looks and feels like someone who is working hard — he or she spends a long time in the library and is not afraid to push on late into the night — but, because of a lack of focus and concentration, he or she’s doesn’t actually accomplish much.
This phenomenon can be seen on most college campuses. For example, at Dartmouth there was a section of the main library that was open twenty-four hours a day, and the students I used to see there late at night crowded in groups, drinking coffee, were definitely pseudo-working. The roommate who flips through her chemistry notes on the couch while watching TV is pseudo-working.
By placing themselves in distracting environments and insisting on working long hours, these students are damaging their brain’s ability to think clearly and efficiently accomplish the task at hand. In the end they get half the results with twice the effort.
The bigger problem here is that most students don’t even realize that they’re pseudo-working. To them pseudo-working is work—it’s how they’ve always done it, and it’s how all of their friends do it. It never crosses their mind that there might be a better way. Straight-A students, on the other hand, know all about pseudo-working. They fear it. It not only wastes time, but it’s also mentally tiring.
In fact, the most important skill in becoming a straight-A student is the ability to get work done quickly and with a minimum of wasted effort. Some cognitive science research concludes that about fifty minutes is the optimal learning period to maximize the material integrated per time unit. So how do these students achieve this goal To understand their secret to success, consider the following simple formula(公式): work accomplished = time spent × intensity of focus.
Pseudo-working features a very low intensity of focus. Therefore, to accomplish something by pseudo-working, you need to spend a lot of time. The straight-A approach on the other hand, increases intensity in order to use less time.
32. Which of the following phenomenon is pseudo-working
A. Tom is busy taking notes while attending a lecture.
B. Mike is sitting at a study lounge in preparation for a final exam quietly.
C. Jack spends a long time in the library on his essay while listening to music.
D. Alice and Sara are sitting on the couch reading their favorite books.
pared with straight-A students, the major problem of most students is that they ________.
A. want to spend more time on study
B. are eager to follow their friends’ way
C. have got used to their study approach
D. are unaware of their pseudo-working
34. What does the underlined word “optimal” mean in paragraph 5
A. Possible. B. Best. C. Least. D. Accurate.
35. What does the author want to stress by mentioning the formula
A. The length of time on study counts.
B. Concentration plays a key role in study.
C. Getting work done quickly means everything.
D. Effective study approach is very important.
【答案】32. C 33. D 34. B 35. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了大学中伪工作的普遍现象，并介绍了伪工作者和全优学生的区别。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The pseudo-worker looks and feels like someone who is working hard — he or she spends a long time in the library and is not afraid to push on late into the night — but, because of a lack of focus and concentration, he or she’s doesn’t actually accomplish much.(伪工作者看起来和感觉都像是一个努力工作的人——他或她在图书馆待很长时间，不怕坚持到深夜——但是，由于缺乏注意力和专注力，他或她实际上并没有取得多大成就。)”可知，伪工作者看似很努力，会花很多时间做事，但缺乏注意力和专注力，效率不高，再结合选项可推测出，杰克在图书馆花大量时间做论文的同时听音乐。故选C。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The bigger problem here is that most students don’t even realize that they’re pseudo-working.(这里更大的问题是，大多数学生甚至没有意识到他们是在伪工作。)”可知，与全优学生相比，大多数学生的主要问题是他们没有意识到自己在伪工作。故选D。
【34题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第五段中的“In fact, the most important skill in becoming a straight-A student is the ability to get work done quickly and with a minimum of wasted effort.(事实上，成为一名全优学生最重要的技能是能够以最少的浪费精力快速完成工作。)”可知，全优学生会浪费最少的精力快速完成工作，由此可推测出，他们学习效率很高，会在最少的时间里尽量快速完成工作。根据画线词前的“about fifty minutes”和画线词后的“learning period to maximize the material integrated per time unit”可知，这里表示大约50分钟是最佳的学习时间，能够最大化学习效率，optimal意为“最佳的”，与best意思最接近。故选B。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段中的“To understand their secret to success, consider the following simple formula(公式): work accomplished = time spent × intensity of focus.(为了理解他们成功的秘诀，可以考虑以下简单的公式：完成的工作=花费的时间×专注的强度。)”和最后一段中的“The straight-A approach on the other hand, increases intensity in order to use less time.(另一方面，为了使用更少的时间，全有学生会增加注意力集中强度。)”可知，完成的工作=花费的时间×专注的强度，在工作量不变的情况下，要想少花时间，就要增加专注强度，而全优学生就会增加注意力集中强度来减少时间，由此可推测出，作者通过这个公式是想强调专注力在学习中起着重要作用。故选B。
第二节 (共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Why Play Why Outside
Play is important, even for adults. Here are some great reasons to get outside and play.
____36____.
Being outdoors brings the senses to life. In fact, 75 percent of students surveyed by Weekly Reader said they felt better after spending time outside. “Hiking, exploring, and fishing help sharpen all of your senses,” says Betsy Keller, a professor of exercise and sports sciences. “Smell, sight... they’re all engaged when you’re outside.” Bonus! ____37____.
Outdoor play eases your mind.
Are you stressed out Having trouble concentrating ____38____. Exposure to nature has been shown to lower stress levels and improve attention deficit disorder (注意缺陷障碍). “By comparison,” says Keller, “activities indoors, such as watching TV, or activities in non-green areas leave kids with ADD worse off.”
Spending time outdoors brings you closer to the environment.
Hearing the leaves rustling underfoot and breathing in fresh air build awareness and appreciation of the environment, if you walk through the woods in search of cool birds and plants, you may find your mind expanding.
No woods nearby ____39____ . Nature can be as close as your own backyard or those trees at the end of the street. There are bits of nature everywhere — even in cities. “Some naturalists call that nearby nature,” Keller says. “It’s a great way to experience a piece of the natural world without wandering too far from home.”
____40____, consider treating yourself to a little outdoor play instead. It’s not called the great outdoors for nothing.
A. Playing outside helps your body
B. Outdoor activities expand your senses
C. You don’t need a huge park to enjoy nature’s benefits
D. With your senses engaged, you’ll feel free and more creative
E. So the next time you sit down to spend quality time with a TV
F. Then take note of your senses after you’ve done something outside
G. Too much time indoors —away from the natural world — may be a cause
【答案】36. B 37. D 38. G 39. C 40. E
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了户外活动的好处。
【36题详解】
该空选取小标题，需总结下面段落。由下文“Being outdoors brings the senses to life. (在户外能给人带来生活的感觉)”和““Hiking, exploring, and fishing help sharpen all of your senses,” says Betsy Keller, a professor of exercise and sports sciences. “Smell, sight... they’re all engaged when you’re outside.”(运动与运动科学教授贝西·凯勒说：“徒步旅行、探险和钓鱼有助于增强你的所有感官。当你在外面的时候，嗅觉、视觉……都在使用中。”)”可知，下文讲户外活动有助于增强人的所有感官，承接下文，B选项“户外活动拓展你的感官”切题。故选B项。
【37题详解】
由上文“In fact, 75 percent of students surveyed by Weekly Reader said they felt better after spending time outside. “Hiking, exploring, and fishing help sharpen all of your senses,” says Betsy Keller, a professor of exercise and sports sciences. “Smell, sight... they’re all engaged when you’re outside.”(事实上，《读者周刊》调查的75%的学生表示，他们在户外呆了一段时间后感觉好多了。运动与运动科学教授贝西·凯勒说：“徒步旅行、探险和钓鱼有助于增强你的所有感官。当你在外面的时候，嗅觉、视觉……都在使用中。”)”可知，上文讲户外活动有助于增强人的所有感官，让人感觉良好，D选项“当你的感官投入时，你会感到自由和更有创造力”承接上文具体讲户外活动增强人感官后带来的积极影响或好处，D项中的“your senses engaged”对应上文中的“Smell, sight... they’re all engaged”。故选D项。
【38题详解】
由上文“Are you stressed out Having trouble concentrating (你有压力吗？注意力不集中)”可知，G选项“太多时间呆在室内——远离自然世界——可能是一个原因”承接上文讲人们感到有压力、注意力不集中的原因——太多时间呆在室内、远离自然世界，引出下文“Exposure to nature has been shown to lower stress levels and improve attention deficit disorder (注意缺陷障碍). (研究表明，接触大自然可以降低压力水平，改善注意力缺陷障碍)”讲户外活动能帮助人们减压。故选G项。
【39题详解】
由上文“No woods nearby (附近没有树林)”和下文“Nature can be as close as your own backyard or those trees at the end of the street. There are bits of nature everywhere — even in cities. “Some naturalists call that nearby nature,” Keller says. “It’s a great way to experience a piece of the natural world without wandering too far from home.”(自然可以像你自己的后院或街道尽头的树木一样近。到处都有大自然的痕迹，甚至在城市里。凯勒说：“一些博物学家称之为附近的自然。”。“这是一种体验自然世界而又不必离家太远的好方法。”)”可知，针对上文提及你认为家附近没有树林（自然）一事，下文在讲你的身边到处都是自然，说明你并不需要特别的自然环境来进行户外活动，承接上下文，C选项“你不需要一个巨大的公园来享受大自然的好处”是一个具体例子。故选C项。
【40题详解】
由上文语境和下文“consider treating yourself to a little outdoor play instead (考虑让自己去户外玩一玩)”可知，全文在讲户外活动的好处，作者建议读者进行户外活动，E选项“所以下次你坐下来看电视的时候”承接下文讲明“考虑户外活动”时会出现的可能场景。故选E项。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分)
I found a wonderful picture of Maolan karst cones online and presented it to the innkeeper. “You can’t go there,” the innkeeper ___41___ me. “The viewing platform has been closed due to ___42___ that too many visitors could cause geological damage.”
Despite our disappointment, we ___43___ an alternative: a seven-hour hike through the “funnel forest”. Initially, we were ___44___ to run the risk. However, I had ___45___ the tourism motto in the nature reserve: “If you don’t do it now, you won’t do it in your lifetime.” Three of our group ___46___ decided to venture into the forest. The innkeeper responded with a knowing ___47___ : “Great. Bear Grylls went there.”
The next morning, we set off with a local ___48___ . Rain came and went three times, and before I actually ___49___ to climb over the first mountain, I had already got wet to the skin. I was a walking ___50___ of mud and water.
Our guide, in his 50s, behaved like a botanist, introducing the locally specific plants to us, but I was hardly in the ___51___ . Every step sank into the muddy, sucking ground. Every log or rock in front of us was a physical ___52___ . “One can never reach those places without strong willpower,” I murmured, reciting that millennium-old ___53___ , over and over again.
Sinkholes and entrances to underground rivers kept popping up along our ___54___ . Thinking of them leading to an unknown world, I began to ___55___ the road that I can control even more.
Wandering in a green chaos without any obvious landmarks is also breathtaking.
41. A. answered B. told C. followed D. favored
42. A. news B. matters C. concerns D. conclusions
43. A. worked out B. took in C. set down D. ruled out
44. A. unwilling B. surprised C. calm D. inspired
45. A. forgotten B. promoted C. interpreted D. noticed
46. A. shortly B. lately C. eventually D. suddenly
47. A. taste B. tone C. smile D. sigh
48. A. botanist B. keeper C. farmer D. guide
49. A. managed B. decided C. planned D. agreed
50. A. visitor B. mixture C. log D. stranger
51. A. eagerness B. mood C. humor D. pity
52. A. contact B. energy C. activity D. challenge
53. A. prediction B. line C. deal D. secret
54. A. route B. landmark C. platform D. rock
55. A. guarantee B. ignore C. doubt D. appreciate
【答案】41. B 42. C 43. A 44. A 45. D 46. C 47. C 48. D 49. A 50. B 51. B 52. D 53. B 54. A 55. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和同伴在“漏斗森林”探险的经历。在探险的路上，作者多次遇到下雨的糟糕天气，体力不支，心情低落。但当想到不断冒出的水坑和地下河流的入口在通往一个未知的世界时，他开始更加欣赏沿途令人叹为观止的风景 。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“你不能去那儿，”旅店老板告诉我。A. answered回答；B. told告诉；C. followed跟随；D. favored喜爱。根据前文的“I found a wonderful picture of Maolan karst cones online and presented it to the innkeeper. “You can’t go there,” the innkeeper”可知，作者让客栈老板看旅游地茂兰喀斯特岩溶锥的精美照片，客栈老板在告知作者不能去那儿。故选B项。
【42题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“由于担心游客过多会造成地质破坏，观景台已经关闭。”A. news新闻；B. matters事项；C. concerns担心；D. conclusions结论。根据空后的“that too many visitors could cause geological damage”可知，太多的游客可能造成地质破坏，此空应表示“担忧”。故选C项。
【43题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：尽管我们很失望，但我们还是想出了另一个办法：在“漏斗森林”中徒步7个小时。A. worked out算出；B. took in理解；C. set down放下；D. ruled out排除。根据前文的“Despite our disappointment”和后文“ an alternative: a seven-hour hike through the “funnel forest””可知，作者尽管失望，但是事情有所转机，此处应该是想出了可替代的旅游方案：穿越“漏斗森林”的七小时徒步旅行。故选A项。
【44题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一开始，我们不愿意冒这个险。A. unwilling不情愿；B. surprised吃惊的；C. calm冷静的；D. inspired受到启发的。根据下文“to run the risk”和“However, I had 5 the tourism motto in the nature reserve: “If you don’t do it now, you won’t do it in your lifetime.””可知，作者的旅游团队最终决定去森林探险，由“However”一词可知，本空所在句子应为:“我们本不愿意去冒险”。故选A项。
【45题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，我注意到自然保护区的旅游格言:“如果你现在不做，你这辈子就不会做了。”A. forgotten忘记；B. promoted促进；C. interpreted说明；D. noticed注意到。根据前文的“the tourism motto in the nature reserve”可知，“我”注意到自然保护区的旅游格言。故选D项。
【46题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们三人最终决定冒险进入森林。A. shortly很快；B. lately最近；C. eventually最终；D. suddenly突然。根据上文“Initially, we were 4 to run the risk. However, I had 5 the tourism motto in the nature reserve: “If you don’t do it now, you won’t do it in your lifetime.””可知，一开始作者的旅游团队对探秘“漏斗森林”存在为难情绪，此空应指在“旅游箴言”的激励下，作者团队中的三个人终于做出了选择。故选C项。
【47题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：客栈老板会心一笑:“太好了。贝尔·格里尔斯去了那里。”A. taste品尝；B. tone音调；C. smile微笑；D. sigh叹气。根据下文“Great. Bear Grylls went there.”可知，客栈老板赞同作者团队的选择，所以此处应指客栈老板会意一笑。故选C项。
【48题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：第二天早上，我们和一位当地导游出发了。A. botanist植物学家；B. keeper守门员；C. farmer农民；D. guide指导。根据下文“Our guide, in his 50s, behaved like a botanist”可知，本空指作者团队在当地向导的带领下出发了。故选D项。
【49题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：雨下了三次，在我真正爬过第一座山之前，我已经浑身湿透了。A. managed管理；B. decided决定；C. planned计划；D. agreed同意。根据前文的“The next morning, we set off with a local 8”和下文“to climb over the first mountain”可知，上文提到作者已经出发旅行，所以此处指作者在成功爬过第一座山前就已经浑身湿透。故选A项。
【50题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我是泥和水的混合体。A. visitor访客；B. mixture混合物；C. log日志；D. stranger陌生人。根据前文的“Rain came and went three times, and before I actually 9 to climb over the first mountain, I had already got wet to the skin.”可知，作者在森林探险中遇上糟糕的天气，还没爬过一座山时就已经浑身湿透，再根据空后“mud and water”可知，作者浑身都是泥和水，成了水和泥的混合体。故选B项。
【51题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们导游50多岁，表现得像个植物学家，向我们介绍当地特有的植物，但我并没有兴致。A. eagerness急切；B. mood情绪；C. humor幽默；D. pity同情。根据前文“I was a walking 10 of mud and water.”和“Our guide, in his 50s, behaved like a botanist, introducing the locally specific plants to us, but I was hardly”可知，导游兴致勃勃，但作者因为坏天气带来的不便而感到心情低落。故选B项。
【52题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们面前的每一块木头或岩石都是对身体的挑战。A. contact联系；B. energy能量；C. activity活动；D. challenge挑战。 根据空前“Every step sank into the muddy, sucking ground. Every log or rock in front of us was a physica”可知，作者每走一步都陷在泥泞的地面中，由此可看出要跨越木头或岩石更是一种体力挑战。故选D项。
【53题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我喃喃地说，一遍又一遍地背诵着这句上千年的老话。A. prediction预测；B. line话，言语；C. deal交易；D. secret秘密。根据空前“One can never reach those places without strong willpower”可知，作者一遍又一遍用千年古语来鼓励自己继续探秘。故选B项。
【54题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：天坑和地下河流的入口不断在我们的路线上出现。A. route路线；B. landmark地标；C. platform平台；D. rock岩石。根据前文的“The next morning, we set off with a local 8 ”可知，作者在向导的引领下探秘“漏斗森林”，因此他们会沿着一定的路线前行，因此本空所在句子应指沿着他们的路线看到的景象。故选A项。
【55题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：想到它们通向一个未知的世界，我开始更加珍惜这条我可以掌控的路。A. guarantee担保；B. ignore忽略；C. doubt怀疑；D. appreciate欣赏。根据下文“Wandering in a green chaos without any obvious landmarks is also breathtaking.”可知，在一片混乱的绿色中漫步，没有任何明显的地标也是令人惊叹的，这是作者开始欣赏沿途的美景的感受。故选D项。
第二节 (共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
William N. Brown was a young airman in the U.S. Air Force when he first became interested in China. Driven by ____56____ (curious), William moved with his family to Xiamen in 1988, ____57____has greatly impressed him with the changes in the past three decades. It is because of his unique experiences that this book, OFF THE WALL-HOW WE FELL FOR CHINA,________58________(publish). Our editorial team selected ____59____ (near) 50 of his original letters to family and close friends ____60____ (write) between 1988 and 2017 for this book. The first time in print, this book served as a unique window ____61____(display) the past 40 years’ change ____62____ not only Xiamen but the whole of China.
In the beginning, William’s father strongly objected his move to China,____63____ over time he came to support William’s choice as he read his son’s letters about the sweeping changes in this country. This book by William,____64____(consist) of 3 decades of personal letters, reveals to overseas _____65_____ (reader) both China’s changes and the author’s strong fondness for China and its people.
【答案】56. curiosity
57. which 58. was published
59. nearly 60. written
61. to display
62. of 63. but
64. consisting
65. readers
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了之前是美国空军的一名年轻飞行员的威廉在厦门定居，写了一本过去40年厦门乃至整个中国的变化的书。
【56题详解】
考查名词。句意：1988年，在好奇心的驱使下，威廉和家人来到了厦门，厦门在过去30年里的变化给他留下了深刻的印象。介词by后缺少宾语，所以用名词形式。故填curiosity。
【57题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：1988年，在好奇心的驱使下，威廉和家人来到了厦门，厦门在过去30年里的变化给他留下了深刻的印象。句中先行词Xiamen，指物，在非限制性定语从句中充当主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。
【58题详解】
考查时态与语态。句意：正是由于他独特的经历，这本名为《我不见外——老潘的中国来信》的书才得以出版。名词this book与动词publish是被动关系且出版发生在过去。故填was published。
【59题详解】
考查副词。句意：我们的编辑团队为这本书挑选了他在1988年至2017年间写给家人和亲密朋友的近50封原始信件。空格后是数词50，可知这里是副词修饰数词。故填nearly。
【60题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：我们编辑团队为这本书挑选了他在1988年至2017年间写给家人和亲密朋友的近50封原始信件。名词letters与动词write是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填written。
【61题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这本书第一次出版，就成为一个独特的窗口，展示了过去40年厦门乃至整个中国的变化。这里用不定式结构作目的状语。故填to display。
【62题详解】
考查介词。句意：这本书第一次出版，就成为一个独特的窗口，展示了过去40年厦门乃至整个中国的变化。固定短语the change of……的变化。故填of。
【63题详解】
考查连词。句意：一开始，威廉的父亲强烈反对他搬到中国，但随着时间的推移，当他读到儿子关于这个国家巨变的信件时，他开始支持威廉的选择。前后父亲的态度发生转折。故填but。
【64题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：威廉的这本书，由30年的私人信件组成，向海外读者展示了中国的变化和作者对中国和中国人民的热爱。主语This book与动词consist是主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填consisting。
【65题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：威廉的这本书，由30年的私人信件组成，向海外读者展示了中国的变化和作者对中国和中国人民的热爱。固定短语reveal to sb sth向某人展示某事，所以介词to后应填入名词形式，名词reader为可数名词，根据句意可知，用复数形式。故填readers。
第四部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(满分15分)
66. 假如你李华，下周你校英语俱乐部新成员第一次参加活动，你将作为俱乐部负责人致欢迎辞，请为此写一篇英文发言稿，内容包括：
1.表示欢迎；
2.介绍俱乐部及学期活动安排；
3.表达祝福。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear friends,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thank you!
【答案】Dear friends,
I’m Li Hua. I’m honored to be here to extend a warm welcome to you on behalf of our English Club.
First of all, I’d like to take this opportunity to give you a brief introduction of the English Club. It was founded last year, which attracted more than 300 people to join. Up to now, we have held no less than 50 activities. We will also arrange a variety of activities in this term and I’m sure you will benefit from them a lot. Secondly, the English Club members are composed of teachers and students who come from different countries. We are going to organize different kinds of activities this term, such as English speech contests, The English Drama and so on. Everyone can seize the chance to participate in various activities. Last but not least, the English Club aims to make members happy and meet students’ needs in English learning, so I hope all of you can enjoy it as well as make more friends to practice English together.
Wish you an unforgettable time here! Thank you.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。要求考生写一篇发言稿，欢迎英语俱乐部的新成员并表达祝福。
【详解】1.词汇积累
代表：on behalf of→represent
机会：opportunity→chance
由……组成：be composed of→be made up of
喜欢：enjoy→like
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Wish you an unforgettable time here!
拓展句：Wish you could have an unforgettable time here!
【点睛】【高分句型1】It was founded last year, which attracted more than 300 people to join.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】Secondly, the English Club members are composed of teachers and students who come from different countries.（运用了who引导的定语从句）
第二节 (满分15分)
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写，使之成为一篇完整的短文。
My little sister, Meg, said that she wasn’t afraid of the dark anymore and she’d be OK staying with Aunt Lily in the country. “As long as you’re there, Mike,” she had said. Still, Mum was worried. Meg had never slept away from home, away from the city. So I told Mum I could handle everything.
Even though we were only staying overnight, Meg had brought six books-all about fairies (仙女). After we unpacked, Aunt Lily invited us to pick some flowers. As we followed her through the forest, Meg held my hand tightly. But once we reached the sunlit grassland, she let go. “Butterflies!” whispered Meg. She screamed with delight when one flew near her.
Maybe I had nothing to worry about, I thought. I still remembered when I was here last summer, I found some amazing insects, like fireflies (萤火虫) and walking sticks which I’d never seen in the city.
“Fairies are magical. See these beautiful flowers they grow!” she kept telling absolutely everything she knew about fairies. I was glad that if she kept it up until bedtime, then maybe she’d fall right to sleep.
Meg did keep chatting, right through supper. Then the sun began to set. “Does it get really dark out here at night ” she asked. Her eyes were fixed on the window.
“Sure, but we’ve got plenty of lights inside,” said Aunt Lily. She leaned over and gave Meg a warm smile. But I could tell she was still worried. “I could read to you.”
I hadn’t even finished a page when her bottom lip started shaking slightly. “Mike,” she said, her eyes starting to fill. “I want to go home.” I quickly searched through her book for something to keep her from crying.
The book fell open to a page that was dog-eared from use, a page that was obviously one of Meg’s favorites.
The text read: “Among the trees deep in the forest, the lights of fairies gleam(闪烁).” Aha! How could I forget those “tiny fairies” out there
注意：
1.续写词数为80左右。只写一段，第二段已给出;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
“Meg, there’s something outside I want to show you,” I whispered.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
“Tiny fairies, Mike!” she said, pressing her forehead against the window, “Everywhere!” They weren’t fairies, of course. But the winking light s really existed and were, in my opinion, better than magic. I wanted to tell Meg about these incredible insects that flashed in the dark, signaling to each other. Then I looked down into Meg’s shining eyes, and I decided she could learn about fireflies some other time. Meg was so absorbed in the breathtaking scene that she completely forgot her homesickness and soon fell asleep against my shoulder. I guess it turned out that I could handle everything-with a little help from the magic al fairies.
【答案】范文
Meg, there’s something outside I want to show you, “I whispered. Meg quickly covered her eyes with her hands. “I don’t want to look,” She sniffled. “Come to the window, OK It’s something you will like. I’m here. You’ll be all right.” I promised. When we were finally reached the window, I quietly switched off the lamp. A whisper of cool, damp air sifted through the screen of the open window. Outside, thick chunks of trees reached up into black clouds of leaves and fireflies hovered around like twinkling stars. Meg pressed her hands against the window, pushing herself away. But then she noticed them. Her stiffened arms relaxed.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者和妹妹Meg一起去乡下住，Meg感到担心，于是作者阅读了关于仙女的书，并且用萤火虫吸引Meg的注意力，让Meg放松了下来。
【详解】1.段落续写：
由首句内容“‘Meg，外面有样东西我想给你看。’我低声说”可知，第一段可描写作者用萤火虫吸引Meg的注意力，让Meg放松了下来。
2.续写线索：让Meg到窗边——关灯——看到萤火虫——Meg看到萤火虫——Meg放松
3.词汇激活
行为类
注意到：notice/take notice of
到达：reach/arrive
关掉：switch off/turn off
情绪类
放松：relax/ease
抽泣：sniffle/sob
【点睛】[高分句型1] When we were finally reached the window, I quietly switched off the lamp. (运用了when引导时间状语从句)
[高分句型2] Meg pressed her hands against the window, pushing herself away. (运用了现在分词作状语)翠园中学、龙城高级中学2023-2024学年第二学期
高二年级第一次段考英语试卷
考试时间120分钟，满分130分
第一部分 单项选择(共20题，每题1分，满分20分)
1. Their sense of humour and ability to get along with people are two characteristics that ______ for their lack of experience.
A. allow B. demand C. account D. compensate
2. Government should bear a greater responsibility ______ funding and setting up a monitoring mechanism to support the education reform.
A. on account of B. regardless of C. on behalf of D. in terms of
3. According to experts, houses with good ______ to the shops and schools can resist the decrease in the prices.
A. furniture B. component C. value D. access
4. The tourist attraction has very few tourists in the off-season, while the population can ________ to 40,000 during the tourist season.
A. preserve B. explode C. appoint D. decrease
5. It is hard to ________ how many children suffer from dyslexia — a slight disorder of the brain that causes difficulty in reading and spelling.
A. secure B. estimate C. assist D. collapse
6. I don't know whether she has to the school life there since she went to the senior high 3 months ago.
A. adopted B. related C. adapted D. connected
7. We have many cases where hard work has ______ one’s chances of success in the past years.
A. tackled B. multiplied C. collapsed D. highlighted
8. Hundreds of delighted students________ to welcome him who had raised money to build a well for them near their school.
A. worked out B. dropped out C. given out D. turned out
9. The world is now changing faster and faster. I try to___________ current affairs by reading the newspapers.
A. come up with B. make use of
C. keep in touch with D. consist of
10. Parents should ________ some time every week to hang out with their children and have a proper conversation.
A. leave out B. set aside C. give away D. break out
11. —You are a great swimmer.
—Thanks. It’s because I ______ a lot these days.
A. have been practising B. was practising
C. would practise D. had practised
12. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who ________ in the mountains for two days.
A. are trapping B. have been trapped
C. were trapping D. had been trapped
13. I know I’ve put my passport in a place ______ I thought it would be safe but now I can’t remember it.
A. which B. that C. where D. what
14. The famous director, as well as the main actors in the film, _________to a TV program to have a face-to-face talk with the audience last Saturday.
A. have been invited B. has been invited C. was invited D. were invited
15. William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes ________ we can learn without repeating them.
A. from which B. in which C. with whom D. for whom
16. — What do you think of your journey to the seaside town
— Everything is very fantastic, especially its fresh air, which is pleasant ________.
A. breathed B. being breathed C. to be breathed D. to breathe
17. The dancer’s incredible performance had the audience on its feet ______ for 10 minutes at the end of the show.
A being clapped B. clap C. clapped D. clapping
18. It’s no use ________ over spilt milk.
A. cry B. crying C. that you cry D. for you to cry
19. After careful consideration, Ann has decided to ________ the restaurant after her dad’s retirement due to her love for cooking.
A. take over B. sell out C. look for D. break into
20. Once Jason becomes interested in some topic, he can’t help thinking about it __________ he goes.
A. however B. wherever C. whenever D. whomever
第二部分 阅读 (共两节，满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题， 每小题2.5分， 满分37.5分)
Passage A
Henry Raeburn (1756-1823)
The Exhibition
This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland’s best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London. Selected from collections throughout the world, it is the first major exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years.
Lecture Series
Scottish National Portrait (肖像画) Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general public. They are held in the Lecture Room. Admission to lectures is free.
An Introduction to Raeburn Sunday 26 Oct., 15:00 DUNCAN THOMSON Raeburn’s English Contemporaries Thursday 30 Oct., 13:10 JUDY EGERTON
Characters and Characterisation in Raeburn’s Portraits Thursday 6 Nov., 13:10 NICHOLAS PHILLIPSON Raeburn and Artist’s Training in the 18th Century Thursday 13 Nov., 13:10 MARTIN POSTLE
Exhibition Times
Monday-Saturday 10.00-17.45 Sunday 12.00-17.45
Last admission to the exhibition: 17.15. There is no re-admission.
Closed: 24-26 December and 1 January.
Admission
4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.
Schools and Colleges
A special low entrance charge of 2 per person is available to all in full-time education, up to and including those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers.
21. What is the right time for attending Raeburn’s English Contemporaries
A. Sun. 26 Oct. B. Thurs. 30 Oct. C. Thurs. 6 Nov. D. Thurs.13 Nov.
22. How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission
A. 4. B. 8. C. 12. D. 16.
23. How can full-time students get group discounts
A. They should go on Sunday mornings. B. They should come from art schools.
C. They must be led by teachers. D. They must have ID cards with them.
Passage B
When a fire broke out in my home in the middle of the night, I knew I'd do anything I could to save my family. The medicine that I take for my rheumatoid arthritis causes me to wake up in the middle of the night with a dry mouth. January 15, 2016, was no different. I, Indiana, US, awoke at 2:30am needing water.
I was walking back upstairs from the kitchen when I heard my bulldog , Rock. Whatever Rock was doing down there, it made enough noise for me to go to him. By the time I made it to the bottom of the stairs, he was running up, and he never came up the stairs, no matter what. I think that was his way of telling me, "We've got to go back up. "When I got to the top of the stairs, I turned around and saw a light on, but I didn't remember leaving one on. I walked downstairs again, and that's when I saw fire. I immediately shouted to my wife to wake up and get our three kids. I grabbed a knife and cut out the plastic that covered the window to the porch roof. I then pried open the window and kicked out the screen. I started screaming for help. But help never came. I got everybody out on the roof and threw a blanket out there so we wouldn't slip off. It was cold, January cold. Then I started screaming for help. But help never came.
Now, I'm scared of heights and have physical issues, what with my rheumatoid arthritis, but I couldn't let my family burn up. So I jumped off the roof. I didn't scoot to the edge; I just jumped and got the wind knocked out of me when I landed. I found our ladder, placed it against the house, and climbed back up to the roof. I wrapped my arms around my daughter and carried my nine - month - old with my teeth, by his little sleeper. Then I climbed down the ladder. Once on the ground, I had my little girl hold her brother, and I went back up to the roof to get my other daughter. Then I went back up again and got my wife. I tried to get my dog, but he just disappeared in the black smoke. I never saw him alive again,
I'm no hero I'm just an ordinary person who'd help anybody. This happened to be the time when I helped my own family. I live to protect my family. Just likeRock—he lived to protect us.
24. What made the author wake up at 2:30am
A. My dog's barking B. The medicine's effect
C. A burning fire D. A noise downstairs
25. How did Rock tell the author the danger downstairs
A. He turned on a light downstairs.
B. He ran to the author's room upstairs.
C. He kept barking and running up to stairs.
D. He made some noise at the bottom of the stairs.
26. What did the author do after his family all stood on the roof
A. He placed a blanket to keep warm.
B. He started screaming for help.
C. He jumped off the roof.
D. He broke open the window and kicked out the screen
27. Which of the following best describe the author
A. Courageous and responsible B. Caring and selfish
C. Loyal and brave D. Strong and considerate
Passage C
The streets, sidewalks and roofs of cities all absorb heat during the day, making some urban areas across the United States up to 6 degrees Fahrenheit hotter than rural ones during the day—and 22 degrees F hotter at night. These “urban heat islands” can also develop underground as the city heat spreads downward, beneath the surface. And basements, subway tunnels and other underground infrastructure also constantly bleed heat into the surrounding earth, creating hotspots. Now the underground heat is building up as the planet warms.
According to a new study of downtown Chicago, underground hotspots may threaten the very same structures that emit the heat in the first place. Such temperature changes make the ground around them expand and contract (收缩) enough to cause potential damage. “Without anyone realizing it, the city of Chicago’s downtown was deforming,” says the study’s author Alessandro F. Rotta Loria, a civil and environmental engineer at Northwestern University.
The findings, published in Communications Engineering, expose a “silent hazard (危险)” to civil infrastructure in cities with soft er ground — especially those near water — Rotta Loria says. “There might have been structural issues caused by this underground climate change that happened, and we didn’t even realize,” he adds. While not an immediate or direct danger to human lives, this previously unknown effect highlights the impacts of a lesser-known component of climate change.
Similar to climate change above the surface, these underground changes occur over long periods of time. “These effects took decades, a century, to develop,” Rotta Loria says, adding that elevated underground temperatures would likewise take a long time to dissipate (逐渐消失) on their own.
But other researchers interviewed for this story all say this wasted energy could also be recycled, presenting an opportunity to both cool the subsurface and save on energy costs. Subway tunnels and basements could be updated with technologies to recapture the heat. For example, water pipes could be installed to run through underground hotspots and pick up some of the heat energy.
28. What can we learn about the “urban heat islands”
A. They can develop underground structures.
B. They are impacted by global warming.
C. They can destroy the ground around.
D. They only exist in the United States.
29. Why does Alessandro F. Rotta Loria mention “silent hazard” in paragraph 3
A. To discuss structural issues.
B. To categorize climate change.
C. To explain underground heat.
D. To emphasize the neglected reality.
30. What will the author probably write about in the paragraph that follows
A. The future of tunnels and basements.
B. The reusing approaches of heat energy.
C. The cost of maintaining structures.
D. The evolution of underground environment.
31. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. Warming Underground, Weakening Surface
B. A Silver Lining of Global Warming
C. Urban Silent Islands in the Making
D. A Silent Crisis in Downtown Chicago
Passage D
Jason, a straight-A student from the University of Pennsylvania, uses the term “pseudo-working” to describe how many of us study. The pseudo-worker looks and feels like someone who is working hard — he or she spends a long time in the library and is not afraid to push on late into the night — but, because of a lack of focus and concentration, he or she’s doesn’t actually accomplish much.
This phenomenon can be seen on most college campuses. For example, at Dartmouth there was a section of the main library that was open twenty-four hours a day, and the students I used to see there late at night crowded in groups, drinking coffee, were definitely pseudo-working. The roommate who flips through her chemistry notes on the couch while watching TV is pseudo-working.
By placing themselves in distracting environments and insisting on working long hours, these students are damaging their brain’s ability to think clearly and efficiently accomplish the task at hand. In the end they get half the results with twice the effort.
The bigger problem here is that most students don’t even realize that they’re pseudo-working. To them pseudo-working is work—it’s how they’ve always done it, and it’s how all of their friends do it. It never crosses their mind that there might be a better way. Straight-A students, on the other hand, know all about pseudo-working. They fear it. It not only wastes time, but it’s also mentally tiring.
In fact, the most important skill in becoming a straight-A student is the ability to get work done quickly and with a minimum of wasted effort. Some cognitive science research concludes that about fifty minutes is the optimal learning period to maximize the material integrated per time unit. So how do these students achieve this goal To understand their secret to success, consider the following simple formula(公式): work accomplished = time spent × intensity of focus.
Pseudo-working features a very low intensity of focus. Therefore, to accomplish something by pseudo-working, you need to spend a lot of time. The straight-A approach on the other hand, increases intensity in order to use less time.
32. Which of the following phenomenon is pseudo-working
A. Tom is busy taking notes while attending a lecture.
B. Mike is sitting at a study lounge in preparation for a final exam quietly.
C. Jack spends a long time in the library on his essay while listening to music.
D. Alice and Sara are sitting on the couch reading their favorite books.
pared with straight-A students, the major problem of most students is that they ________.
A. want to spend more time on study
B. are eager to follow their friends’ way
C. have got used to their study approach
D. are unaware of their pseudo-working
34. What does the underlined word “optimal” mean in paragraph 5
A. Possible. B. Best. C. Least. D. Accurate.
35. What does the author want to stress by mentioning the formula
A. The length of time on study counts.
B. Concentration plays a key role in study.
C. Getting work done quickly means everything.
D. Effective study approach is very important.
第二节 (共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Why Play Why Outside
Play is important, even for adults. Here are some great reasons to get outside and play.
____36____.
Being outdoors brings the senses to life. In fact, 75 percent of students surveyed by Weekly Reader said they felt better after spending time outside. “Hiking, exploring, and fishing help sharpen all of your senses,” says Betsy Keller, a professor of exercise and sports sciences. “Smell, sight... they’re all engaged when you’re outside.” Bonus! ____37____.
Outdoor play eases your mind.
Are you stressed out Having trouble concentrating ____38____. Exposure to nature has been shown to lower stress levels and improve attention deficit disorder (注意缺陷障碍). “By comparison,” says Keller, “activities indoors, such as watching TV, or activities in non-green areas leave kids with ADD worse off.”
Spending time outdoors brings you closer to the environment.
Hearing the leaves rustling underfoot and breathing in fresh air build awareness and appreciation of the environment, if you walk through the woods in search of cool birds and plants, you may find your mind expanding.
No woods nearby ____39____ . Nature can be as close as your own backyard or those trees at the end of the street. There are bits of nature everywhere — even in cities. “Some naturalists call that nearby nature,” Keller says. “It’s a great way to experience a piece of the natural world without wandering too far from home.”
____40____, consider treating yourself to a little outdoor play instead. It’s not called the great outdoors for nothing.
A. Playing outside helps your body
B. Outdoor activities expand your senses
C. You don’t need a huge park to enjoy nature’s benefits
D. With your senses engaged, you’ll feel free and more creative
E. So the next time you sit down to spend quality time with a TV
F. Then take note of your senses after you’ve done something outside
G. Too much time indoors —away from the natural world — may be a cause
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分)
I found a wonderful picture of Maolan karst cones online and presented it to the innkeeper. “You can’t go there,” the innkeeper ___41___ me. “The viewing platform has been closed due to ___42___ that too many visitors could cause geological damage.”
Despite our disappointment, we ___43___ an alternative: a seven-hour hike through the “funnel forest”. Initially, we were ___44___ to run the risk. However, I had ___45___ the tourism motto in the nature reserve: “If you don’t do it now, you won’t do it in your lifetime.” Three of our group ___46___ decided to venture into the forest. The innkeeper responded with a knowing ___47___ : “Great. Bear Grylls went there.”
The next morning, we set off with a local ___48___ . Rain came and went three times, and before I actually ___49___ to climb over the first mountain, I had already got wet to the skin. I was a walking ___50___ of mud and water.
Our guide, in his 50s, behaved like a botanist, introducing the locally specific plants to us, but I was hardly in the ___51___ . Every step sank into the muddy, sucking ground. Every log or rock in front of us was a physical ___52___ . “One can never reach those places without strong willpower,” I murmured, reciting that millennium-old ___53___ , over and over again.
Sinkholes and entrances to underground rivers kept popping up along our ___54___ . Thinking of them leading to an unknown world, I began to ___55___ the road that I can control even more.
Wandering in a green chaos without any obvious landmarks is also breathtaking.
41. A. answered B. told C. followed D. favored
42. A. news B. matters C. concerns D. conclusions
43. A. worked out B. took in C. set down D. ruled out
44. A. unwilling B. surprised C. calm D. inspired
45. A. forgotten B. promoted C. interpreted D. noticed
46. A. shortly B. lately C. eventually D. suddenly
47. A. taste B. tone C. smile D. sigh
48 A. botanist B. keeper C. farmer D. guide
49. A. managed B. decided C. planned D. agreed
50. A. visitor B. mixture C. log D. stranger
51. A. eagerness B. mood C. humor D. pity
52. A. contact B. energy C. activity D. challenge
53. A. prediction B. line C. deal D. secret
54. A. route B. landmark C. platform D. rock
55. A. guarantee B. ignore C. doubt D. appreciate
第二节 (共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
William N. Brown was a young airman in the U.S. Air Force when he first became interested in China. Driven by ____56____ (curious), William moved with his family to Xiamen in 1988, ____57____has greatly impressed him with the changes in the past three decades. It is because of his unique experiences that this book, OFF THE WALL-HOW WE FELL FOR CHINA,________58________(publish). Our editorial team selected ____59____ (near) 50 of his original letters to family and close friends ____60____ (write) between 1988 and 2017 for this book. The first time in print, this book served as a unique window ____61____(display) the past 40 years’ change ____62____ not only Xiamen but the whole of China.
In the beginning, William’s father strongly objected his move to China,____63____ over time he came to support William’s choice as he read his son’s letters about the sweeping changes in this country. This book by William,____64____(consist) of 3 decades of personal letters, reveals to overseas _____65_____ (reader) both China’s changes and the author’s strong fondness for China and its people.
第四部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(满分15分)
66. 假如你是李华，下周你校英语俱乐部新成员第一次参加活动，你将作为俱乐部负责人致欢迎辞，请为此写一篇英文发言稿，内容包括：
1.表示欢迎；
2.介绍俱乐部及学期活动安排；
3.表达祝福。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear friends,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thank you!
第二节 (满分15分)
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写，使之成为一篇完整的短文。
My little sister, Meg, said that she wasn’t afraid of the dark anymore and she’d be OK staying with Aunt Lily in the country. “As long as you’re there, Mike,” she had said. Still, Mum was worried. Meg had never slept away from home, away from the city. So I told Mum I could handle everything.
Even though we were only staying overnight, Meg had brought six books-all about fairies (仙女). After we unpacked, Aunt Lily invited us to pick some flowers. As we followed her through the forest, Meg held my hand tightly. But once we reached the sunlit grassland, she let go. “Butterflies!” whispered Meg. She screamed with delight when one flew near her.
Maybe I had nothing to worry about, I thought. I still remembered when I was here last summer, I found some amazing insects, like fireflies (萤火虫) and walking sticks which I’d never seen in the city.
“Fairies are magical. See these beautiful flowers they grow!” she kept telling absolutely everything she knew about fairies. I was glad that if she kept it up until bedtime, then maybe she’d fall right to sleep.
Meg did keep chatting, right through supper. Then the sun began to set. “Does it get really dark out here at night ” she asked. Her eyes were fixed on the window.
“Sure, but we’ve got plenty of lights inside,” said Aunt Lily. She leaned over and gave Meg a warm smile. But I could tell she was still worried. “I could read to you.”
I hadn’t even finished a page when her bottom lip started shaking slightly. “Mike,” she said, her eyes starting to fill. “I want to go home.” I quickly searched through her book for something to keep her from crying.
The book fell open to a page that was dog-eared from use a page that was obviously one of Meg’s favorites.
The text read: “Among the trees deep in the forest, the lights of fairies gleam(闪烁).” Aha! How could I forget those “tiny fairies” out there
注意：
1.续写词数为80左右。只写一段，第二段已给出;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
“Meg, there’s something outside I want to show you,” I whispered.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
“Tiny fairies, Mike!” she said, pressing her forehead against the window, “Everywhere!” They weren’t fairies, of course. But the winking light s really existed and were, in my opinion, better than magic. I wanted to tell Meg about these incredible insects that flashed in the dark, signaling to each other. Then I looked down into Meg’s shining eyes, and I decided she could learn about fireflies some other time. Meg was so absorbed in the breathtaking scene that she completely forgot her homesickness and soon fell asleep against my shoulder. I guess it turned out that I could handle everything-with a little help from the magic al fairies.
