现在完成时讲义-2024年广东省广州市九年级英语中考复习（无答案）

现在完成时
1. 含义：现在完成时有两个主要用法：一是影响性用法。表示一个过去发生的动作在过去已经完成，并且这个过去发生并完成的动作对现在有影响或结果，同时说话强调的或感兴趣的就是这个影响或结果。
例如：
Someone has broken the window.
另一个用法叫持续性用法。表示一个过去发生的动作或开始的状语在过去并未完成或结束，而是一直持续到现在，并且有可能继续下去(也可能到此结束)。
例如：
I have studied English for 10 years.
2.时间标志词：
1） for + 时段 （for:长达.......)
Mike has lived in Beijing for 5 years. 麦克在北京住了五年了。（强调已经住了五年）
　　 2） since + 过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来）
He has taught here since 1981 他自1981年就在这儿教书。(可能还要继续教)
① since + 时段 + ago
He has stayed here since 5 hours ago.
　　 ② since+从句(动词用过去时)
She has taught English since he came here.
3）already “已经”，用在肯定句的句中或句尾均可；
He has already got her help. 他已得到她的帮助。
4）yet“已经”，用在疑问句的句尾； “还”，用在否定句句尾，意为“还没”；
He hasn’t come back yet. 他还没有回来。
5）just“刚刚”，用在肯定句句中；
He has just seen the film. 他刚刚看过这场电影。
此时注意与“just now”（刚才）进行区分，“just now”用于一般过去时。
6）ever“曾经”，用在肯定句或疑问句的句中；
I have ever been a doctor. 我曾经当过医生。
never“从没”，用在否定句句中；
He has never been to Beijing. 他从没有到过北京。
7）before“以前”，用于句尾；
I haven’t heard him before. 我以前没听说过他。
8）so far“迄今为止”，用于句尾；
We haven’t got any reply from her so far. 我们迄今为止还没有收到她的回复。
与so far同义的短语还有：up to now, till now, until now, by now等。
9）次数：once, twice, three times, four times …many times，用于句尾；
Tom has already read the great book three times. 这本著作汤姆已经读过三次了。
3.结构和句子类型：
结构 肯定句 否定句 疑问句
主语＋have/ has +过去分词（have/has been done） I have seen you before. I haven’t seen you before. Have you seen me before
4.have been to、have gone to、have been in的区别
have been to表示曾经去过某地，不曾去过某地或去过某地几次，但现在不在那儿
I have been to Beijing twice./ I have never been to Beijing.
have gone to表示现在已去某地，还没有回来
He is not at home. He has gone to the park.
have been in表示在某个地方待着，现在还在那个地方。当后面接home，here和there时，in省略
I have been in Guangzhou for a month.
{exercise}
一、单项选择
(　　) 1.—A new shop 　　　　 for a week nearby. Let's have a look there.
—Good idea. But it doesn't 　　　　 on Mondays.
A. opened； opened B. has been opened；open
C. has opened； opened D. has been open；open
( ) 2. —How long have you_______ here —Since 1997.
A. arrived B. moved C. come D. lived
( ) 3. —I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.
—Oh, not at all. I_________ here for only a few minutes.
A. will be B. was C. am D .have been
(　　) 4.—When will A Bite of China II begin tonight
—It ________for ten minutes.
A．will begin B．has begun C．will be on D．has been on
(　　) 5.—I have seen the film “Titanic” already.
—When _______ you _______ it —The day before yesterday.
have; seen B. will; see C. did; see D. did; seen
(　　) 6. Mr. Black _______ in China since five years ago.
A. lived B. has lived C. lives D. is going to live
(　　) 7. We _______ trees last Sunday. So far we _______ over 3,000 trees there.
A. planted; planted B. planted; have planted
C. have planted; planted D. have planted; have planted
(　　) 8. — Are you a soccer player in your school
— Yes, I __________ the team two years ago. I __________ in the team for two years.
A. have joined; have been B. was joined; am
C. joined; was D. joined; have been
( ) 9. —I can’t find my pen.______ you_______ it anywhere
—No. Look! What’s that under your book
A. Have ;seen B. Do ;see C. Did; see D. Had ;seen
( ) 10.I won’t go to see the film because I________ the ticket.
A. lost B. have lost C. will lost D. didn’t lost
(　　) 11.—When will Diana arrive
—Oh, she ________ 5 minutes ago. She is in the meeting room now.
A．arrives B．is arriving C．arrived D．has arrived
(　　) 12. — I’ve got the final Harry Potter book.
— You will love it. I __________ it twice already.
am reading B. have read C. was reading D. will read
一般过去式和现在完成时的区别：
1）侧重点不同
现在完成时：动作已经发生，侧重于对现在的影响和现在有联系;
一般过去时：动作已经结束并与现在没有联系
I have seen the film. 我看过这部电影。（现在我仍记得电影的内容）
I saw the film three days ago. 三天前我看了这部电影。
（强调是三天前，而不是别的时候看的电影）
2）时间状语不同
现在完成时常与already, yet, just, ever, never, before等副词以及“for+段时间”，“since+过去时间/从句”等时间状语连用；
而一般过去时则常与“段时间+ago”, just now刚才, yesterday, last week，at the age of 在…岁时，then 那时，once upon a time从前,很久以前 等表示过去时间的状语连用。例如：常见时间标志词
ago 以前 in the early days 在早期 yesterday 昨天 just now 刚才
the day before yesterday 前天
She has lived here since two years ago. 她两年前就住在这里了。
专项练习：
单项选择。
( )1.Miss Smith isn’t in the office. She to the classroom.
A.has gone B.went C.will go D.goes
( )2.---Hello, this is Lily speaking.Could I speak to Mr. Black
---Sorry．He______ the Xuanwu Lake Park．
A. has been to B. went to C. has gone to D. will go to
( )3.---Would you like to see the film with me ---I'm sorry I __________it twice.
A. see B. will see C. have seen D. am seeing
( )4.In the past few years there __________great changes in my hometown.
A. have been B. were C. had been D. are
( )5. David has worked here for 10 years since he _____ from university.
A. graduates B.graduated C.has graduated D.will graduate
( )6. It only takes us two hours to go from Jishou to Changsha by train when
Zhang-Ji-Huai high-speed railway___in December last year.
A. opens B. opened C. will open
( )7. -Helen,why didn’t you come to the party yesterday
-Oh,I____for the speech competition.
A.prepares B.prepared C. will prepare
( ) 8. ---Where is Mrs. Smith ---She isn’t here. She_____to England.
A.has gone B. has been C. went D. goes
( ) 9. I_____ to Canada twice. It’s so beautiful.
A.won’t go B. have gone C. don’t go D. have been
( ) 10. ---I_____ Fujian Museum before. How about you
---Never. I hope to visit it soon.
A.have gone to B. have been to C. have gone D. have been
二、用never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since填空。
1. I have _______ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.
2. Jack has _________ finished his homework.
3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school ________ ten years.
4. “Have you ________ seen the film ” “No, I have ________ seen it.”
5. “Has the bus left _______ ” “Yes, it has _________ left.”
6. He has lived in Nanjing ___ the year before last.
7. I’ve known him ______ we were children.
8. Our teacher has studied Japanese ______ three years.
9. She has been away from the city ______ about ten years.
10. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city.