人教版（2019） 选择性必修 第一册 Unit 1 People of Achievement Learning about language2 课件(共26张PPT)
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| 名称 | 人教版（2019） 选择性必修 第一册 Unit 1 People of Achievement Learning about language2 课件(共26张PPT) |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-05-18 15:47:25 | ||
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(共26张PPT)
Unit 1 People of achievement
Learning About Language Period 2
Revision
使用适当的关系词填空。
1. That is the boy ______ mother is a famous musician.
3. The house ___________ they built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake.
2. We don’t know the number of people ________ lost their homes in the 1906 earthquake.
that / who
(which / that)
whose
4. I’ll never forget the day _____ (=___ which ) I was born.
5. I visited the house _____ (=__ which) Lu Xun once lived.
6. The reason _____(=___ which) he got worried was this.
when
on
where
in
why
for
Revision
一、定语从句的定义：
用来修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词（antecedent）。定语从句一般是由关系代词或关系副词来引导的。相当于名词和形容词的作用。
eg: 1. They tested hundreds of Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against the disease.
2. Tu You you went to Hainan where malaria was more common to study malaria patients.
定语从句归纳总结
Revision
定语从句归纳总结
二、关系代词和关系副词的作用：
1、引导作用
2、替代作用
3、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用
eg: Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize which is considered one of the highest international honours a person can receive.
Revision
定语从句归纳总结
三、关系代词（who, whom, which, that, whose）的指代关系
指人 指物 在定语从句中的作用 Who
Whom Which
that
whose √
√
√
√
√
√
√
主语 宾语
宾语
主语 宾语
主语 宾语
定语
Practice
2. In fact Tom did not understand the three questions ____ were asked in French.
A. where B. who C. in which D. which
1. The woman ____ is talking to my mother is a friend of hers.
A. whose B. who C. whom D. which
3. This is the school ____ we visited three days ago.
A. where B. / C. when D. what
4. This is the factory ____ we worked a year ago.
A. where B. that C. which D. on which
Grammar
Non-restrictive Clauses
非限制性定语从句
Comparision
2. The book tells us about Alexander Fleming who discovered penicillin.
1. The book tells us about Alexander Fleming, who discovered penicillin.
这本书讲述的亚历山大·弗莱明的故事。他发现盘尼西林。
这本书讲述的发现盘尼西林的亚历山大·弗莱明的故事。
(从句为非限制性定语从句，隐含意义为：亚历山大·弗莱明只发现了盘尼西林。)
(从句为限制性定语从句，隐含意义为：亚历山大·弗莱明可能还有其他发现。)
Comparision
The woman who discovered Artemisinin was awarded the Nobel Prize.
Tu Youyou, who discovered Artemisinin, was awarded the Nobel Prize.
分析两种定语从句省略后的结果
限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确，所以不能省略
Comparision
3. Later, malaria patients most of whom recovered tested the medicine.
4. Later, Mr. Wangs, most of whom recovered, tested the medicine.
后来，大部分痊愈的疟疾病人接种了这种药。
后来，王先生一家人接种了这种药，他的大部分家人痊愈了。
Summary
非限制性定语从句的特点
常有who, whom, which, whose, as, when, where等关系词引导。
从句只是对先行词做些附加说明，即使去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。它与主句之间通常用逗号隔开。翻译时常常不做定语，而是译成与主句并列的句子。
Example
1. Tu Youyou was adwarded the Nobel Prize, which is considered one of the highest international honours a person can receive.(指代the Nobel Prize)
屠呦呦获得诺贝尔奖，这个奖被公认为是一个人所能获得的最高级别的国际荣誉之一。
2. Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients.(指代 in Hainan)
屠呦呦去海南研究疟疾病人，在那里疟疾更普遍。
3. Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered. (指代malaria patients)
后来，该药在疟疾病人身上测试了，他们大多数人痊愈了。
Grammar
How to change into non-restrictive relative clauses
如何变成非限制性定语从句？
Example
1. We were very impressed by the old man. He was not willing to acknowledge defeat.
2. Afterwards, Einstein had to flee Germany. Hitler was in power there.
We were very impressed by the old man, who was not willing to acknowledge defeat.
Afterwards, Einstein had to flee Germany, where (=in Germany) Hitler was in power.
the old man
He
=
我们对那个老人印象非常深刻，他不愿意承认失败。
Germany
there
=
后来，爱因斯坦不得不逃离德国，在那里希特勒掌权。
Practice
3. There is nothing we can do to help Linda. Her circumstances are beyond our control.
4. The teacher asked us to listen to a speech by his favorite novelist, J.K. Rowling. It inspired us a lot.
There is nothing we can do to help Linda, whose circumstances are beyond our control.
The teacher asked us to listen to a speech by his favorite novelist, J.K. Rowling, which inspired us a lot.
她的
___
____
我们帮不了Linda， 她的的境况超出了我们的控制。
=
_
_____
老师要求我们听他最喜爱的小说家J.K. 罗琳的演讲，这个（演讲）让我们非常鼓舞。
Practice
5. The building under construction was designed by I.M. Pei
-- a famous Chinese-American architect. He was born in Guangzhou, China.
6. I was asked to explain the project with the help of a flow chart. It was a big challenge for me.
The building under construction was designed by I.M. Pei-- a famous Chinese-American architect, who was born in Guangzhou, China.
I was asked to explain the project with the help of a flow chart, which was a big challenge for me.
=
_______
__
这个正在建的楼是由美籍华人I.M. 裴所设计的，他生于中国广州。
=
__
_____
____
Special cases
运用非限制性定语从句的情况
①当关系词指代整个主句内容时
1. The boy was away from home for a week, which worried his parents very much.
小男孩离家一个星期了，这使他的父母很担心。
2. The book is very touching, as most readers say.
正如大多数读者所说的，这本书很感人。
Special cases
运用非限制性定语从句的情况
1. Jinan, which is a nice city, attracts many visitors every day.
济南是美丽的城市，每天吸引了很多的游客。
2. John Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.
约翰﹒史密斯去年退休了，他曾是我的老师。
②当先行词指的是世界上独一无二的事物或专有名词时。
Special cases
运用非限制性定语从句的情况
③当先行词指的是某人只有一个亲属（son, daughter等）
1. I have an elder brother, who worked in Beijing.
我有一个哥哥，他在北京工作。（只有一个哥哥）
2. Her daughter, who is now studying in New York, graduated from our school.
她的女儿，是在我们学校毕业的，现在正在纽约学习。（只有一个女儿）
Observation
1. There hasn’t been any news about him since he left home, which upsets me.
自从他离开家后就没有他的任何消息，这使我很不安。
在这里，which 引导的从句，代表前面的整个主句。此时，不能放在主句之前
Observation
2. Taiwan belongs to China，as everybody knows.
=As is known to us, Taiwan belongs to China.
众所周知，台湾属于中国。
在这里，as 引导的定语从句，代表整个主句，可以放在主句之前或之后，as 在从句中作宾语或主语。
Summary
小结 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
意义上 从句与主句关系紧凑，从句对先行词起修饰限定作用，缺少从句会影响句意的完整。
功能上
结构上
从句与主句的关系相对松散，从句用于补充主句的内容和信息，去掉从句不影响句意的完整。
修饰先行词或整个句子
1.主句，从句之间多用逗号隔开
2. 关系词很少可以省略
3.不能用that引导
修饰先行词
1.没有停顿，主句与从句之间不用逗号
2.关系词若作从句的宾语,可省略.
3.可用that 引导
Practice
非限制性定语从句和单句的比较
2. He failed in the exam._______ made his parents angry.
3. He failed in the exam, _______made his parents angry.
4. He has two sons. Both of ________ are teachers.
5. He has two sons, both of ________ are teachers.
This
which
whom
them
× that
1. I am reading Harry Porter, _____is an interesting book.
which
Practice
1. The run rises in the east and sets in the west, ______ is known to everybody.
A. which B. this C. that D. it
2. Beethoven, ______health was poor, became a very famous musician in the end.
A. who B. whose C. whom D. which
3. He will have to wait until next month, ______everything has been ready.
A. which B. where C. when D. by what
4. The shop assistant was very rude to the customer, ______ made the latter very angry.
A. who B. whom C. which D. what
Practice
1. 汕头市位于广东的东部,她正在变得越来越漂亮。
2. 李雷是二班的班长，今天下午要去参加一个重要的会议。
Shantou, which lies in the east of Guangdong，is getting more and more beautiful.
Li Lei, who is monitor of Class 2, is going to attend an important meeting this afternoon.
用非限制性定语从句翻译以下两个句子
Thank you!
Unit 1 People of achievement
Learning About Language Period 2
Revision
使用适当的关系词填空。
1. That is the boy ______ mother is a famous musician.
3. The house ___________ they built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake.
2. We don’t know the number of people ________ lost their homes in the 1906 earthquake.
that / who
(which / that)
whose
4. I’ll never forget the day _____ (=___ which ) I was born.
5. I visited the house _____ (=__ which) Lu Xun once lived.
6. The reason _____(=___ which) he got worried was this.
when
on
where
in
why
for
Revision
一、定语从句的定义：
用来修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词（antecedent）。定语从句一般是由关系代词或关系副词来引导的。相当于名词和形容词的作用。
eg: 1. They tested hundreds of Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against the disease.
2. Tu You you went to Hainan where malaria was more common to study malaria patients.
定语从句归纳总结
Revision
定语从句归纳总结
二、关系代词和关系副词的作用：
1、引导作用
2、替代作用
3、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用
eg: Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize which is considered one of the highest international honours a person can receive.
Revision
定语从句归纳总结
三、关系代词（who, whom, which, that, whose）的指代关系
指人 指物 在定语从句中的作用 Who
Whom Which
that
whose √
√
√
√
√
√
√
主语 宾语
宾语
主语 宾语
主语 宾语
定语
Practice
2. In fact Tom did not understand the three questions ____ were asked in French.
A. where B. who C. in which D. which
1. The woman ____ is talking to my mother is a friend of hers.
A. whose B. who C. whom D. which
3. This is the school ____ we visited three days ago.
A. where B. / C. when D. what
4. This is the factory ____ we worked a year ago.
A. where B. that C. which D. on which
Grammar
Non-restrictive Clauses
非限制性定语从句
Comparision
2. The book tells us about Alexander Fleming who discovered penicillin.
1. The book tells us about Alexander Fleming, who discovered penicillin.
这本书讲述的亚历山大·弗莱明的故事。他发现盘尼西林。
这本书讲述的发现盘尼西林的亚历山大·弗莱明的故事。
(从句为非限制性定语从句，隐含意义为：亚历山大·弗莱明只发现了盘尼西林。)
(从句为限制性定语从句，隐含意义为：亚历山大·弗莱明可能还有其他发现。)
Comparision
The woman who discovered Artemisinin was awarded the Nobel Prize.
Tu Youyou, who discovered Artemisinin, was awarded the Nobel Prize.
分析两种定语从句省略后的结果
限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确，所以不能省略
Comparision
3. Later, malaria patients most of whom recovered tested the medicine.
4. Later, Mr. Wangs, most of whom recovered, tested the medicine.
后来，大部分痊愈的疟疾病人接种了这种药。
后来，王先生一家人接种了这种药，他的大部分家人痊愈了。
Summary
非限制性定语从句的特点
常有who, whom, which, whose, as, when, where等关系词引导。
从句只是对先行词做些附加说明，即使去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。它与主句之间通常用逗号隔开。翻译时常常不做定语，而是译成与主句并列的句子。
Example
1. Tu Youyou was adwarded the Nobel Prize, which is considered one of the highest international honours a person can receive.(指代the Nobel Prize)
屠呦呦获得诺贝尔奖，这个奖被公认为是一个人所能获得的最高级别的国际荣誉之一。
2. Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients.(指代 in Hainan)
屠呦呦去海南研究疟疾病人，在那里疟疾更普遍。
3. Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered. (指代malaria patients)
后来，该药在疟疾病人身上测试了，他们大多数人痊愈了。
Grammar
How to change into non-restrictive relative clauses
如何变成非限制性定语从句？
Example
1. We were very impressed by the old man. He was not willing to acknowledge defeat.
2. Afterwards, Einstein had to flee Germany. Hitler was in power there.
We were very impressed by the old man, who was not willing to acknowledge defeat.
Afterwards, Einstein had to flee Germany, where (=in Germany) Hitler was in power.
the old man
He
=
我们对那个老人印象非常深刻，他不愿意承认失败。
Germany
there
=
后来，爱因斯坦不得不逃离德国，在那里希特勒掌权。
Practice
3. There is nothing we can do to help Linda. Her circumstances are beyond our control.
4. The teacher asked us to listen to a speech by his favorite novelist, J.K. Rowling. It inspired us a lot.
There is nothing we can do to help Linda, whose circumstances are beyond our control.
The teacher asked us to listen to a speech by his favorite novelist, J.K. Rowling, which inspired us a lot.
她的
___
____
我们帮不了Linda， 她的的境况超出了我们的控制。
=
_
_____
老师要求我们听他最喜爱的小说家J.K. 罗琳的演讲，这个（演讲）让我们非常鼓舞。
Practice
5. The building under construction was designed by I.M. Pei
-- a famous Chinese-American architect. He was born in Guangzhou, China.
6. I was asked to explain the project with the help of a flow chart. It was a big challenge for me.
The building under construction was designed by I.M. Pei-- a famous Chinese-American architect, who was born in Guangzhou, China.
I was asked to explain the project with the help of a flow chart, which was a big challenge for me.
=
_______
__
这个正在建的楼是由美籍华人I.M. 裴所设计的，他生于中国广州。
=
__
_____
____
Special cases
运用非限制性定语从句的情况
①当关系词指代整个主句内容时
1. The boy was away from home for a week, which worried his parents very much.
小男孩离家一个星期了，这使他的父母很担心。
2. The book is very touching, as most readers say.
正如大多数读者所说的，这本书很感人。
Special cases
运用非限制性定语从句的情况
1. Jinan, which is a nice city, attracts many visitors every day.
济南是美丽的城市，每天吸引了很多的游客。
2. John Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.
约翰﹒史密斯去年退休了，他曾是我的老师。
②当先行词指的是世界上独一无二的事物或专有名词时。
Special cases
运用非限制性定语从句的情况
③当先行词指的是某人只有一个亲属（son, daughter等）
1. I have an elder brother, who worked in Beijing.
我有一个哥哥，他在北京工作。（只有一个哥哥）
2. Her daughter, who is now studying in New York, graduated from our school.
她的女儿，是在我们学校毕业的，现在正在纽约学习。（只有一个女儿）
Observation
1. There hasn’t been any news about him since he left home, which upsets me.
自从他离开家后就没有他的任何消息，这使我很不安。
在这里，which 引导的从句，代表前面的整个主句。此时，不能放在主句之前
Observation
2. Taiwan belongs to China，as everybody knows.
=As is known to us, Taiwan belongs to China.
众所周知，台湾属于中国。
在这里，as 引导的定语从句，代表整个主句，可以放在主句之前或之后，as 在从句中作宾语或主语。
Summary
小结 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
意义上 从句与主句关系紧凑，从句对先行词起修饰限定作用，缺少从句会影响句意的完整。
功能上
结构上
从句与主句的关系相对松散，从句用于补充主句的内容和信息，去掉从句不影响句意的完整。
修饰先行词或整个句子
1.主句，从句之间多用逗号隔开
2. 关系词很少可以省略
3.不能用that引导
修饰先行词
1.没有停顿，主句与从句之间不用逗号
2.关系词若作从句的宾语,可省略.
3.可用that 引导
Practice
非限制性定语从句和单句的比较
2. He failed in the exam._______ made his parents angry.
3. He failed in the exam, _______made his parents angry.
4. He has two sons. Both of ________ are teachers.
5. He has two sons, both of ________ are teachers.
This
which
whom
them
× that
1. I am reading Harry Porter, _____is an interesting book.
which
Practice
1. The run rises in the east and sets in the west, ______ is known to everybody.
A. which B. this C. that D. it
2. Beethoven, ______health was poor, became a very famous musician in the end.
A. who B. whose C. whom D. which
3. He will have to wait until next month, ______everything has been ready.
A. which B. where C. when D. by what
4. The shop assistant was very rude to the customer, ______ made the latter very angry.
A. who B. whom C. which D. what
Practice
1. 汕头市位于广东的东部,她正在变得越来越漂亮。
2. 李雷是二班的班长，今天下午要去参加一个重要的会议。
Shantou, which lies in the east of Guangdong，is getting more and more beautiful.
Li Lei, who is monitor of Class 2, is going to attend an important meeting this afternoon.
用非限制性定语从句翻译以下两个句子
Thank you!