人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册Unit 1 Science and scientists Reading and Thinking 知识点课件(共52张PPT)

(共52张PPT)
UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
Section A Reading and Thinking
1 severe adj. 极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的
搭配
severe weather 恶劣的天气　
severe looks 严肃的表情　
severe disease 严重的疾病　
severely adv. 严重地；严格地，严厉地
severity n.严重，严格
教材原句p.2
He never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all. 他始终没有放弃彻底根除霍乱的愿望。
once and for all 最终地；彻底地
I will explain it once for all.
我会彻底解释清楚。
The teacher has warned the student once and for all.
那位老师已断然警告那个学生。
=once for all
In general, doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread.
contradictory adj. containing or showing a contradiction
互相矛盾的；互相对立的
contradict v. 反驳; 与……相矛盾
contradiction n. 抵触; 矛盾; 矛盾的说法
infection n. 感染；传染
Air, water, clothing and insects are all means of infection.
空气、水、衣服及昆虫都会成为传染媒介。
【词语积累】
（1）infect vt. 使感染；传染
be infected/affected with 感染上……，传染上……
（2）infectious adj. 传染性的
单句语法填空
(1)White blood cells fight _________（infect）.
(2)Every year，there are people unlucky enough to be infected __________the flu.
(3) Don’t you find her enthusiasm __________（infect）
infection
with
infectious
写出句中 subscribe to 的含义
(1) Many companies subscribed generously to the football club. ____________　　　
(2) The library subscribes to various journals ___________ 　　　
(3) Personally，I’ve never subscribed to the view that either sex is superior to the other. __________
(4) They refused to subscribe to the contract. ____________ 　　　
（定期）捐赠
订阅
同意，赞同
签字
subscription n. 捐助；订阅；签署；同意
subscriber n. 订阅人；定期捐款者
suspect v. & n.
（1）vt. & vi. 怀疑；疑有；不信任
搭配 suspect sb of (doing) sth 怀疑某人（做了）某事
suspect...to be/as 怀疑……是……
The police don’t know who committed the crime, but they suspect Jones.
警察不知道谁作的案，但他们怀疑琼斯。
（2）n. 犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象
The police couldn’t prove the suspect’s guilt.
警察不能证实嫌疑犯的罪行。
suspicion n. 怀疑
suspicious adj. 感觉可疑的
单句语法填空
(1)Some people suspected him __________theft.
(2) The police suspected the designer__________（be） the murderer.
完成句子
(3)The two officials _________________（被怀疑） having received a bribe.
(4)They _____________________（怀疑他是） a cheat.
(5) In case I forget，please ______________（提醒我） my promise.
of
to be
are suspected of
suspect him to be/as
remind me of
常用“vt.+ sb. + of sth.”短语
convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事
persuade sb. of sth. 说服某人（相信）某事
remind sb. of sth. 使某人回想起某事
warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事
accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人某事
cure sb. of sth. 给某人治愈某病；改正(某人的不良行为)
inform sb. of sth. 告知某人某事
rob sb of sth 抢某人的东西
blame vt. & n.
（1）vt. 把……归咎于；责怪；指责
blame sb. for（doing） sth. 因（做）某事责备某人
搭配 blame sth. on... 把某事归咎于……
be to blame（for sth.）（对某事）应受责备/负有责任
The architect blamed his son for breaking the statue.
建筑师责怪他的儿子弄坏了雕像。
They blamed the failure on John.
他们把失败归咎于约翰。
I am to blame for his lateness.
我对他的迟到负有责任。
Don’t always blame your failure on others；sometimes you yourself are to blame.
不要总是把自己的失败归咎于他人，有时该怪你自己。
【误区警示】be to blame 为主动形式，表示被动含义。
（2）n. 责备；指责
搭配 take/bear the blame for... 对……承担责任
put/lay/place the blame (for sth ) on... (把某事)归咎于……
Plastics take the blame for the death of many sea creatures.
塑料造成了许多海洋生物的死亡。
The judge laid the blame for the accident on the driver of the car.
法官判定这起意外事故要归咎于小汽车司机。
单句语法填空
(1) She doesn’t blame anyone __________　her father’s death.
(2) The narrator was __________(blame)for the misunderstanding.
(3) They think the blame should be placed__________　the conductor.
完成句子
(4) If that happens, the coach will ____________________（对……负责） it.
for
to blame
on
take the blame for
handle n. & vt.
（1）n. 把手；拉手；柄
the handle of a pump 泵的手柄
（2）vt. 处理,应对；操作
He refused to allow his secretary
to handle secret documents.
他不让秘书处理机密文件。
Press the button and you can easily handle the machine.
按下这个按钮，你就可以很容易地操作这台机器了。
handle a problem/the situation 处理问题/应对局势
handle difficult customers 应付难对付的顾客
link n. & vt.
（1）n. 联系；纽带
Is there a link between smoking and lung disease
吸烟与肺部疾病之间有关系吗？
For elderly people, TV is an important link with the outside world.
对老人来说，电视是他们与外界的一个重要纽带。
（2）vt. 把……连接起来；相关联
搭配 link...to/with... 与……连接/联系
The new bridge will link the island to the mainland.
新建的大桥把那个岛与大陆连接起来。
This old Silk Road linked China with the West in ancient times.
这条古老的丝绸之路在古时候把中国和西方连接了起来。
Television stations around the world are linked by satellite.
全世界的电视台通过卫星联系一起。
单句语法填空
(1)Regular air traffic links the city __________the rest of the country.
(2)There are a lot of wireless __________　（link）in a radio.
(3)The television camera _________（link） to a computer.
完成句子
(4)The road ________________________（ 把所有的新城镇都连接起来）.
(5) Fingerprints _____________________________（把嫌疑犯与犯罪联系起来）.
to/with
links
is linked
links all the new towns
link the suspect to the crime
decrease n. & v. （反义词 increase）
（1）n. 减少；降低；减少量
搭配 a decrease in... ...的减少
on the decrease 在减少
There has been some decrease in imports.
进口货物有所减少。
The number of cyclists running traffic lights is on the decrease.
骑自行车的人闯红灯的数量正在减少。
（2）vt. & vi.（使大小、数量等）减少；减小；降低
decrease（from... ）to...（从……）减少到……
搭配 decrease by... 减少了……
decrease in... 在……方面减少
They decreased the size of the group from 25 to 15.
他们把小组的人数从 25 人减少到 15 人。
According to the statistics，the output of the grain decreased by ten percent last year.
据统计，去年粮食产量下降了百分之十。
This species of bird is decreasing in number every year.
这种鸟的数量在逐年减少。
单句语法填空
(1) The number of students in each class is__________　the decrease.
(2) The decrease __________　sales was almost 20 percent.
(3) The latest warm period has caused the number of glaciers to decrease ________150 in 1850 to 26 today.
完成句子
(4)Recently the price of the houses in many big cities ________________________（降低了）10%.
(5) The charge for transportation is ____________________（在 减 少） because of lower fuel costs.
on
in
from
has decreased by
on the decrease
thanks to 幸亏；由于
Thanks to your help，we were successful.由于你的帮助，我们得以成功。
【词语辨析】thanks to，owing to，due to，because of
单句语法填空
(1) Thanks __________　the timely rain，the crops were saved.
(2) Thanks __________　your inspiration，I succeeded.
辨析填空：thanks to/due to/because of /owing to
(3) He was out of work _________________________a physical injury.
(4) Most of the problems were ____________________human error.
(5) ____________________________your help，I got the position advertised in the newspaper.
to
to
　due to/owing to/because of
due to/owing to
Thanks to/Owing to/Because of
transform vt. 使改观；使改变形态 vi. 改变；转变
搭配 transform...（from...） into... 把…（从…）变成…
transform...with... 用……来改变……
The magician transformed the frog into a princess.
魔术师把青蛙变成了公主。
We can transform the world with our knowledge.
我们可以用我们的知识改变世界。
The five years that he spent on the ship transformed him.
五年的船上生活使他大为变样。
【词语积累】
transformation n. 转变，转化
the gradual transformation from woodland to farmland
逐渐改林为田的过程
单句语法填空
(1)They have transformed themselves __________permanent city settlers.
(2) She transformed people’s attitude towards her job __________her determination and patience.
(3)He was struggling to make the _____________（transform） from a single man to a responsible husband.
完成句子
(4) They successfully __________________________（把这家公司变成） a global one.
(5)The art gallery ____________________（由……改造而成） an old railway station.
into
with
transformation
transformed the company into
was transformed from
microscope ['ma kr sk p] n. 显微镜
micro-微小的
microwave (oven) n. 微波, 微波炉
microphone n. 麦克风，话筒
-scope ...镜
telescope n. 望远镜
thinking n．思想；思维；见解
creative thinking 创造性思维
without thinking 不假思索
critical thinking 批判性思维
independent thinking 独立思考
virus ['va r s] n. 病毒
pl. viruses
COVID-19 新冠肺炎
CoronaVirus Disease 冠状病毒 疾病
COVID-19 Pandemic 新冠肺炎疫情 pandemic n.(全国/全球性）流行病
The students post the video online, and it goes viral!
viral adj. 病毒的，病毒性的
finding n．发现；调查结果；研究结果；(法律)判决
the findings of the survey 调查发现
belongings
savings
surroundings
earnings
财产，所有物
存款
薪水，收入
环境
initial adj.最初的；开始的；第一的 n．(姓名的)首字母
the initial stage/period 最初阶段
my initial reaction 我最初的反应
initially adv. 最初地
vaccine ['v ksi n]: n. 疫苗
vaccinate ['v ksineit]: v.
给...接种疫苗
sb be/get vaccinated against ...
某人接种...疫苗
solid adj.可靠的；固体的；坚实的　n．固体
liquids and solids 液体与固体
丰富的单词和语法积累(accumulation)将为你的成功奠定坚实的基础.
An abundant accumulation of words and grammar will lay a solid foundation for your success.
lay a solid foundation for...
为...奠定坚实的基础
cast vt.(cast, cast)
投掷;投射(光、影子等);向…投以(视线、笑容等)
He didn't want to cast a shadow on their happiness.
cast a shadow over/on sth. 投下一片阴影,给…蒙上阴影
The moon cast bright light over the garden.
Anyone would be casted down by such news as that.
be cast down (by sth.) (因某事)沮丧，不愉快
cast a smile to/on sb.= cast sb a smile 向某人投以微笑
cast a glance at sb. 将目光/视线 投向...
shadow n．阴影；影子；背光处
cast a shadow 投影
in the shadow of 在……阴影下
eye shadow 眼影，眼睑膏
pour vt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料) vi.(雨)倾盆而下，下大雨
pour in 使流入，使灌入，大量涌入,蜂拥而来
pour sth. into... 把某物倒进…
pour down 流下；(雨)倾盆而下
pour out 涌出；倒出；倾诉
pour cats and dogs 倾盆大雨
pouring rain 倾盆大雨
It never rains but it pours. 不鸣则已，一鸣惊人。
pour cold water on/over 对…泼冷水
abstract adj.抽象的；理性的(反义词：concrete具体的)　n．(文献等的)摘要
(1)abstract idea/concept 抽象思想/概念
in the abstract 抽象地；理论上(相当于in theory)
We may talk of beautiful things, but beauty itself is abstract.
concrete ['k kri t] adj. 混凝土制的; 确实的; 具体的
n. 混凝土
(反义词：abstract adj.抽象的)
concrete evidence/proposals/proof
确凿的证据/具体的建议/具体的证明
break out （战争、打斗等不愉快的事情）突然开始；爆发
The couple couldn’t convince each other. Then a quarrel broke out.
“发生”:
break out，happen，occur，take place, come about
都是不及物动词，没有被动语态。
break out :不及物动词短语，不用于被动。
(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始; 爆发
break down 出故障，身体垮掉，谈判失败，消除隔阂
break into 强行闯入，突然开始（笑、唱等）
break in 强行进入，打断，搅扰
break through 有新的重大发现，突破
break up （团体）解散；（关系）破裂
defend vt.保卫，保护；防御，防守；辩解；为……辩护
defend...from/against (doing)... 保护…免受…
defend oneself against sth. 保护自己不受…；为自己辩护
defend oneself 为自己辩护/辩解
defend one's argument 为某人的论点辩护
defensive adj.防御性的，自我保护的
defence n.保卫，保护；防御 in defence of 为保卫...
The dam was built to defend the road from being washed away by the sea.
①The fort cannot be defended __________ an air attack.
②Like their children, parents are often ________ (defend) about their private lives.
③The drunken man in worn out clothes made a gesture in ________ (defend).
from/against
defensive
defence
assistant n．助理；助手
an assistant teacher in the school 学校的助教
the assistant to sb. 某人的助理/助手
assist v.　　　帮助；援助；协助
assistance n. 帮助；援助
assist sb. with sth. 帮助某人某事
come to one’s assistance 帮助某人
a senior research assistant 高级研究助理
①I have such a good command of English that I am elected as ________ (assistance) to my English teacher.
②It was the professor rather than his ________ (assist) that was to blame for what had happened in the lab.
assistant
assistant
in charge of 主管；掌管
I’ll be in charge of the whole gallery next week when the director is away.
Do you know if Linda is willing to take charge of the programme
I like to go to the stores where delivery is free of charge (免费).
How much did the garage charge for repairing the car
①charge n.负责,掌管; 收费;指控;充电量
人 + in charge of + 事 负责/掌管....
事 + in the charge of + 人 由……负责/掌管
take charge of... v. 接管……　
free of charge 免费地　
②charge v.收费; 指控; 充电
charge sb. some money for sth. 因sth向sb收...（多少钱）　
charge sb. with (doing) sth. 控告某人(做)某事
【针对练习】
(1)As long as you’ve paid in advance we won’t _________________ delivery．
(2)The man_____ ______ ____the company was charged ______ spreading rumors on the Internet．
掌管这家公司的那个人被指控在网上散布谣言。
(3)A week later, I volunteered _______________ English study in my class．一周以后，我自愿负责班级里的英语学习。
【答案】(1)charge you for　(2)in charge of；with
(3)to take charge of
trace vt.追溯；追踪；查出 n．[C]痕迹；[U]遗迹；踪迹
trace...back to... 追溯……到……
=date from/back to
trace...to... 追查……到……
②His father claims to be able to trace the family back _____ many centuries ago.
③These quotations cannot readily ________ (trace) to their sources.
to
be traced
gifted adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的
a gifted dancer/musician
be gifted in (doing) sth. 在(做)…方面有天赋(＝be talented in)
be gifted with 天生具备...
gift n. 天赋，天才，才能
have a gift/talent for 有…天赋
①Man is the only creature that is gifted ______ speech.
②Brian is ______ (gift) in writing music; he is likely to be a Beethoven.
③I believe my father is a ________ (talent) man.
with
gifted
talented
天才舞蹈演员/音乐家
come down with 患（病）；染上（小病）
He came down with a bad cold last week.
【归纳拓展】
come down 落下,降落;（价格、水平）下降,降低;（狂喜之后）平静下来
come across 偶遇；无意中发现
come about 发生（常与 how 连用）
come on 快点儿；加油；得了吧 come up with 想出，想到
come out 出来；出版；被人所知 come to 共计；达到
come over 来访，拜访 come to life 苏醒
完成句子
(5) Sales in our company ___________（下降） due to the outbreak of the terrible disease.
(6)I ___________________（偶然碰到了玛丽） while shopping downtown yesterday.
(7) It’s already 10 o’clock. I wonder how it_______________（发 生） that she is two hours late on such a short trip.
(8)When the father’s business failed，the family____________（败落）.
(9)In a few moments she suddenly __________（苏醒过来）.
came down
came across Mary
comes about
came down
came to life
steady adj.稳定的；平稳的；稳步的
steady aim 稳定的目标
steady income 固定的收入
steady jobs 固定的工作
be steady in one's principle 坚持原则
steadily adv.稳定地；平稳地；稳步地
①He prefers _____ steady life.
②Relax as much as possible and keep breathing ________ (steady).
③The exports ___________________ (正稳步增长) year by year.
a
steadily
are steadily increasing
besides prep.除……之外(还)　adv.而且；此外
表示“此外”的词或短语还有
furthermore, in addition等
above all 最重要的是; 尤其是
all 相关的其他常见短语：
after all 终究，还是；毕竟
(not) at all 一点也（不），完全（不）
all in all 总的来说，总而言之
in all 总共，合计
first of all 首先，第一
fault n．弱点，缺点；过错，过失；缺陷，毛病，故障
a major fault in the design 设计中的一个重大失误
an electrical fault 电路故障
It's one's fault for (doing) sth. (做)某事是某人的过失。
It's one's fault that... ……是某人的过失。
be at fault 有过错，有责任
find fault with 挑错，挑剔，找茬
be one’s fault 是某人的过错
In my opinion, both of the drivers were at fault.
①The more experienced you are, the easier it is to find fault ________ other people's ideas.
③He has many ________ (fault), but cruelty is not one of them.
with
faults
shift n．改变；转换；轮班　vi.& vt.转移；挪动；转向
a shift in sth. 某方面的转变
a dramatic shift in public opinion
公众舆论的急剧变化
a shift of emphasis 重点的转移
working in shifts 轮班工作
He shifted his luggage to his flat.
vivid adj.生动的；鲜明的；丰富的
vivid memories 清晰的记忆
a vivid imagination 活跃的想象力
a vivid description 生动的描述
give a vivid account of... 生动描述
vividly adv.生动地；鲜明地；丰富地
He gave a vivid account of his life as a fighter pilot.
①The characters in the book are ________ (vivid) presented.
②I ________ (vivid) remember the day we first met.
③The dream was ______________ (如此逼真) he felt himself to be awake.
vividly
vividly
so vivid that
THE END