精 读 高 考 真 题 (七）
高考英语真题是英语学习的宝藏，精读一篇远胜过刷题十篇。相较于教材、日常习题，高考真题的语料更加新颖、更有针对性。长期精读高考真题有利于增强英语学习的信心，从而极大提高学习英语的效率。
一、真题再现
Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song “The Long and Winding Road ”. 56 is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we 57 (human) are.
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will 58 (undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the 59 (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it But that’s how nature is --- always leaving us 60 (astonish).
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it 61 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure 62 offers a place where you can sit down to rest your 63 (ache) legs.
As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in 64 (I). While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is 65 must to visit!
（2021年全国新高考I卷语法填空）
二、语篇导读：本文的语篇类型是记叙文，主题语境为人与自然。本文主要介绍作者游览黄山美景的经历以及感悟。
三、重点单词（词性转换词、熟词生意词、超纲词）和短语
1. remind sb. of/about ... 使某人想起......，提醒某人......
2. breathtaking adj. 使人透不过气来的，令人兴奋的，激动人心的（合成词）
take breath = draw breath 喘口气，休息一下
take sb.’s breath away 使某人激动或惊羡得透不过气来
out-of-this-world adj. 非凡的，极好的（合成词）
rolling adj. 波动的，起伏的，翻滚的（分词形容词）
roll v. 滚动，翻滚
at the top 在顶端
undoubtedly adv. 无可置疑地，确实地
undoubted adj. 无可置疑的，确实的
doubted adj. 感到怀疑的（分词形容词）
doubt vt. 怀疑，对...有疑问
refreshed adj. 感到神清气爽的，感到精神恢复的（分词形容词）
refresh vt. 使恢复精神；唤起、更新（记忆等）
astonished adj. 感到震惊的，感到吃惊的（分词形容词）
astonish vt. 使震惊，使吃惊
a series of 一连串的；一系列的
put ... into place 把......放到位，把......准备妥当，把......落到实处
unnatural adj. 非自然的
natural adj. 自然的，天然的
nature n. 自然，自然界
aching adj. 痛的，疼痛的（分词形容词）
ach vi. 疼，痛
must (C)n. 必不可少的事物，必须要做的事（动词转名词）
go vi. （以某种方式）写、说、唱（熟词生义）
as the song goes, ... 正如这首歌所唱，......
stick in sb.s memory 一直留在某人的记忆中
四、关键结构和长难句
1. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we humans are.
1). 本句的主语是the rolling sea of clouds，谓语动词是will remind；you see是定语从句，先行词是clouds；once you are at the top是时间状语从句；how tiny we humans are是动词remind后接的宾语从句。
2). 本句中how表示程度上的感叹，可译作“多么……”、“真……”、“这么……”等。
E.g. She said how beautiful those flowers were. 她说那些花真漂亮。
Parents should understand how important education is to their children. 父母应该明白教育对于孩子来说多么重要
3). once引导时间状语从句，意为“一旦...（就...）”，“一...（就...）”。
E.g. Once you start working, you’ll see how easy it is. 你一旦干起来就会发现它很容易。
Once you start eating in a healthier way, weight control will become much easier.
你一旦开始更健康的饮食，体重控制就会变得容易得多。
【参考译文】一旦你到达山顶，你看到的滚滚云海就会让你想起我们人类是多么渺小。
2. The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb.
句中的you must try after the climb是定语从句，先行词是something，省去了关系代词that。
当先行词是all,something,anything,everything,nothing,little,much,none,one时，关系代词多用that或省略充当宾语的that（即零关系代词）。
g. I’ll tell you something that you didn’t know before. 我会告诉你一些你以前不知道的事。
I never have taken anything that didn’t belong to me. 我从不去获取不属于我的东西。
【参考译文】山脚下的温泉是你爬山后一定要体验的东西。
The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the hotter the spring!
1). that引导的是一个表语从句。that引导表语从句时，其没有意义，在从句中也不做成分，在正式用法中一般不省略。
E.g. One reason for her preference for city life is that she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants. 她宁愿过城市生活的原因是她能容易进入像商店和餐馆这样的地方。
One advantage of playing the guitar is that it can give you a great deal of pleasure. 弹吉它的一个好处就是它能带给你许多乐趣。。
2). “the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，表示“越……，越……”。
E.g. The harder you work, the more you will learn. 你越努力，学到的就越多。
The less you worry about it,the better it will be. 你越不为此事担心越好。
【参考译文】关于温泉令人惊异的事情是，天气越冷，温泉就越热！
But that's how nature is — always leaving us astonished.
1). 句中how引导的是一个表语从句，how在从句中作表语，意为“.....的样子”、“......的情形”等。
2). leave意为“使处于某种状态”,后面的astonished做宾语us的补足语。
在“leave + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”结构中，宾语补足语可由过去分词、现在分词、形容词、介词短语等充当，表示“使......处于某种状态”。
E.g. The second round negotiation still left some issues undecided. 第二轮谈判后，仍留下若干问题没有解决。
He will never leave a job unfinished. 他干什么事从来没有不干完的。
We walked off and left him sitting there all by himself. 我们都走了，只剩他一个人孤零零地坐在那里。
The teacher left the students feeling very depressed. 这老师让学生感到很沮丧。
His remarks left me wondering about his real purpose. 他的话使得我怀疑他的真实意图。
Don’t leave her waiting outside in the rain. 不要让她在外面雨中等待。
The flood left many villagers helpless. 洪水使许多村民陷入了无助的境地。
Don’t leave the window open. 别让窗户开着。
I can’t leave them in the lurch like that. 我不能让他们处于那样的困境而不管。
【参考译文】但那就是大自然的样子——总是让我们感到震惊。
What comes next is the endless series of steps.
What comes next是主语从句，what在从句中做主语。What常用来引导主语从句，并在从句中做主语或宾语。这时，主句的谓语动词用单数。
E.g. I think what impresses me about his painting is the colors he uses. 我觉得他的画给我留下深刻印象的是他运用的颜色。
What you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company. 你在会上说的为公司描绘了一个光明的未来。
What was most important to her, she told me, was her family. 她告诉我，对她来说最重要的是她的家庭。
What matters most in learning English is enough practice. 在英语学习中最重要的是足够的练习。
What makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services. 使这家商店不同的是它提供了更多的私人服务。
【参考译文】接下来是一系列无尽的台阶。
You can’t help wondering how hard it was for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
. can’t help doing意为“禁不住......”、“忍不住.....”。
E.g. He couldn’t help laughing at the joke. 听了这个笑话，他禁不住笑了。
I can't help feeling sorry for the poor man. 我不禁为这个可怜的男人感到难过。
2). 本句中的it是形式主语（或先行主语），正真的主语是后面的动词不定式to put ... 。
在“It is/was + 形容词 + 动词不定式”结构中，it是形式主语（或先行主语），真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。
E.g. It is important to remember this rule. =To remember this rule is important. 记住这条规则很重要。
3). for the people then to put...是一个动词不定式的复合结构形式（即for sb. to do），the people是put的逻辑主语
E.g. It is impossible for us to go by plane. 我们坐飞机去是不可能的。
For us to take part in the discussion would be a conflict of interest. 我们要是参加讨论，就会造成利害的冲突。
【参考译文】你禁不住要问，当时的人们要把这些石头摆放如此有序该有多难。
Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your aching legs.
1). though引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”、“虽然”；still是副词，意为”仍然”、“然而”。从属连词though（although）引导让步状语从句时，主句中常出现副词still、yet、nevertheless等，组成正式的关联词语，即“though/although .... still/yet/nevertheless ...”。
E.g. Although he is considering a great writer,still his works are not widely read. 虽
然他被认为是伟大的作家，但他的作品仍为被广泛阅读。
Though he is poor, yet he is satisfied with his situation. 尽管他穷，但他对自己
的状况是满意的。
Although admission was free, nevertheless few people attended the lecture. 尽
管免费入场，但听演讲的人却不多
2). where ... 是定语从句，先行词是place。
E.g. A bank is the place where they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. 银行是在晴天时借伞给你，天开始下雨时就把伞要回去的地方。
【参考译文】虽然它是你登黄山途中见到的唯一不是天然的东西，但它仍然是整个冒险之旅的亮点所在，并给你提供了一个可坐之处，让你可以在此休息一下疼痛的双腿。
【答案】56. What 57. humans 58. undoubtedly 59. hotter 60. astonished
was 62. and 63. aching 64. mine 65. a
【附：学案】
精 读 高 考 真 题 (七）
高考英语真题是英语学习的宝藏，精读一篇远胜过刷题十篇。相较于教材、日常习题，高考真题的语料更加新颖、更有针对性。长期精读高考真题有利于增强英语学习的信心，从而极大提高学习英语的效率。
一、真题再现
Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song “The Long and Winding Road ”. 56 is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we 57 (human) are.
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will 58 (undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the 59 (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it But that’s how nature is --- always leaving us 60 (astonish).
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it 61 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure 62 offers a place where you can sit down to rest your 63 (ache) legs.
As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in 64 (I). While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is 65 must to visit!
（2021年全国新高考I卷语法填空）
二、语篇导读：本文的语篇类型是记叙文，主题语境为人与自然。本文主要介绍作者游览黄山美景的经历以及感悟。
三、重点单词（词性转换词、熟词生意词、超纲词）和短语
1. remind sb. of/about ...
2. breathtaking adj.
take breath = draw breath
take sb’s breath away
out-of-this-world adj.
4. rolling adj.
roll v.
5.at the top
6. undoubtedly adv.
undoubted adj.
doubted adj.
doubt vt.
7.refreshed adj.
refresh vt.
astonished adj.
astonish vt.
a series of
put ... into place
unnatural adj.
natural adj.
nature n.
aching adj.
ach vi.
must (C)n.
go vi.
as the song goes, ...
15.stick in sb’s memory
四、关键结构和长难句
1. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we humans are.
1). 本句的主语是________________________，谓语动词是___________；____________是定语从句，先行词是____________；once you are at the top是___________；how tiny we humans are是动词remind后接的__________。
2). 本句中how表示程度上的感叹，可译作__________________________等。
E.g. She said __________________those flowers were. 她说那些花真漂亮。
Parents should understand _________________ education is to their children. 父母应该明白教育对于孩子来说多么重要
3). once引导时间状语从句，意为____________________________。
E.g. _____________________, you’ll see ______________ it is. 你一旦干起来就会发现它很容易。
__________________________________, weight control will become
much easier. 你一旦开始更健康的饮食，体重控制就会变得容易得多。
【译文】_______________________________________________。
2. The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb.
句中的you must try after the climb是定语从句，先行词是something，省去了关系代词that。
当先行词是all,something,anything,everything,nothing,little,much,none,one时，关系代词多用_______或省略充当____语的_________（即零关系代词）。
g. I’ll tell you something _______you didn’t know before. 我会告诉你一些你以前不知道的事。
I never have taken anything ________didn’t belong to me. 我从不去获取不属于我的东西。
【译文】______________________________________________。
3.The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the hotter the spring!
1). that引导的是一个________从句。that引导表语从句时，其________意义，在从句中也_________成分，在正式用法中一般_____省略。
E.g. One reason for her preference for city life is _________she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants. 她宁愿过城市生活的原因是她能容易进入像商店和餐馆这样的地方。
One advantage of playing the guitar is ________it can give you a great deal of pleasure. 弹吉它的一个好处就是它能带给你许多乐趣。。
2). “the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，表示_______________。
E.g. _____________you work, _______________you will learn. 你越努力，学到的就越多。
_____________you worry about it,_______________ it will be. 你越不为此事担心越好。
【译文】____________________________________________！
But that's how nature is — always leaving us astonished.
1). 句中how引导的是一个_________，how在从句中作_______，意为_____________等。
2). leave意为_______________, 后面的astonished做宾语us的____________。
在“leave + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”结构中，宾语补足语可由_________、_______、________、_________等充当，表示________________。
E.g. The second round negotiation still left some issues _________. 第二轮谈判后，仍留下若干问题没有解决。
He will never leave a job ____________. 他干什么事从来没有不干完的。
We walked off and left him _________ there all by himself. 我们都走了，只剩他一个人孤零零地坐在那里。
The teacher left the students ____________________. 这老师让学生感到很沮丧。
His remarks left me _____________________. 他的话使得我怀疑他的真实意图。
Don’t leave her ________________. 不要让她在外面雨中等待。
The flood left many villagers ____________. 洪水使许多村民陷入了无助的境地。
Don’t leave the window ____________. 别让窗户开着。
I can’t leave them _______________ . 我不能让他们处于那样的困境而不管。
【译文】但那就是大自然的样子——总是让我们感到震惊。
What comes next is the endless series of steps.
What comes next是_________主语从句，what在从句中做________。What常用来引导主语从句，并在从句中做____语或_____语。这时，主句的谓语动词用______数。
E.g. I think __________impresses me about his painting ______the colors he uses. 我觉得他的画给我留下深刻印象的是他运用的颜色。
__________you said at the meeting _________ a bright future for the company. 你在会上说的为公司描绘了一个光明的未来。
_________ was most important to her, she told me, _______ her family. 她告诉我，对她来说最重要的是她的家庭。
_________matters most in learning English _______enough practice. 在英语学习中最重要的是足够的练习。
________ makes this shop different _______ that it offers more personal services. 使这家商店不同的是它提供了更多的私人服务。
【译文】接下来是一系列无尽的台阶。
You can’t help wondering how hard it was for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
. can’t help doing意为_____________________。
E.g. He __________________ the joke. 听了这个笑话，他禁不住笑了。
I _______________________the poor man. 我不禁为这个可怜的男人感到难过。
2). 本句中的it是___________（或_________），_____________是后面的动词不定式to put ... 。
在“It is/was + 形容词 + 动词不定式”结构中，________是形式主语（或先行主语），真正的主语是后面的__________________。
E.g. _____________ important ___________ this rule. =_______________ this rule______important. 记住这条规则很重要。
3). for the people then to put...是一个动词不定式的________结构形式（即________________），the people是put的___________
E.g. It is impossible __________________. 我们坐飞机去是不可能的。
___________________________ would be a conflict of interest. 我们要是参加讨论，就会造成利害的冲突。
【译文】你禁不住要问，当时的人们要把这些石头摆放如此有序该有多难。
Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your aching legs.
1). though引导_____________，意为______________；still是____词，意为”___________。从属连词though（although）引导让步状语从句时，主句中常出现副词still、yet、nevertheless等，组成正式的关联词语，即“though/although .... still/yet/nevertheless ...”。
E.g. ___________ he is considering a great writer, ________ his works are not
widely read. 虽然他被认为是伟大的作家，但他的作品仍为被广泛阅读。
____________ he is poor, ________yet he is satisfied with his situation.
尽管他穷，但他对自己的状况是满意的。
_______________admission was free, ___________ few people attended
the lecture. 尽管免费入场，但听演讲的人却不多
2). where ... 是______________，______________是place。
E.g. A bank is the place ______________ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. 银行是在晴天时借伞给你，天开始下雨时就把伞要回去的地方。
【译文】虽然它是你登黄山途中见到的唯一不是天然的东西，但它仍然是整个冒险之旅的亮点所在，并给你提供了一个可坐之处，让你可以在此休息一下疼痛的双腿。精 读 高 考 真 题 (十一）
高考英语真题是英语学习的宝藏，精读一篇远胜过刷题十篇。相较于教材、日常习题，高考真题的语料更加新颖、更有针对性。长期精读高考真题有利于增强英语学习的信心，从而极大提高学习英语的效率。
一、真题再现
You’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans—between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse,” a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source (来源) of plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that' s part of Von Wong's artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.
In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate (说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload's worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled "Truckload of Plastic, "Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all at once.
Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.
28. What are Von Wong’s artworks intended for
A. Beautifying the city he lives in.
B. Introducing eco-friendly products.
C. Drawing public attention to plastic waste.
D. Reducing garbage on the beach.
29. Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3
A. To show the difficulty of their recycling.
B. To explain why they are useful.
C. To voice his views on modern art.
D. To find a substitute for them.
30. What effect would "Truckload of Plastic" have on viewers
A. Calming.
B. Disturbing
C Refreshing
D. Challenging.
31. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. Artists' Opinions on Plastic Safety
B. Media Interest in Contemporary Art
C. Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies
D. Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures
（2021年全国乙卷阅读理解C篇）
二、语篇导读：本文的语篇类型是说明文，主题语境为人与社会。主要讲述了艺术家Von Wong把塑料垃圾制作成引人深思的雕塑，从而引发公众对流入海洋中的塑料垃圾的关注，唤起人们的环保意识。
三、重点单词（词性转换词、熟词生意词、超纲词）和短语
1. tonne n. 公吨(等于 1,000 千克)（=metric ton）
2. ecosystem n. 生态系统（eco- 用于名词或形容词前，构成名词或形容词，表示“环境的”、“生态的”）
ocean ecosystems 海洋生态系统
system n. 系统，体系
straw n. （麦秆状）吸管（熟词生义）
make a difference (to ... ) （对......)产生区别、有影响、有关系、有重要作用
make no difference (to ... ) （对......) 不产生区别，无影响，无关系，无重要作用
build ... out of ... 由......建成......
massive sculptures 巨大的雕塑
force sb. to do/into doing sth. 迫使某人做某事
re-examine vt. 再次检查，重新考虑
examine vt. 检查，诊察，测验
relationship to ... 与......的关系
single-use adj. 一次性的，供一次使用的（合成词）
at the beginning (of ... ) （在......）最初/起初
a piece (of ... ) 一件（......）
Strawpocalypse n. 末日吸管（由“straw”与“apocalypse”构成的合成词）
apocalypse n. 世界覆灭；世界末日
frozen adj. 冻硬的，凝固住的，一动不动的（分词形容词）
freeze v. (使）结冰，（使）停住不动
mid-crash n. 撞击过程中，将要撞击（mid- 构成名词或形容词，表示“句中”、“在
中间”）
be made of ... 由......制成
cleanup n. 清扫，清除（动词转名词）
beach cleanups 海滩清理活动
clean up 打扫干净，清理
make one’s first appearance 首次亮相
19. by no means 绝不，一点也不
20. fire n. 猛烈的批评（或抨击、指责）（熟词生义）
come under fire 受到抨击
artwork n. 艺术品（合成词）
likely adv. 很可能
gone adj. 用完的，一去不复反的（分词形容词）
truckload n. 一货车（的量）（合成词）
a truckload's worth of ... 一卡车（量）的......
work (C)n. 作品，著作（熟词生义）
title vt. 给（书等）加标题（名词转动词）
tie ... together 把......绑在一起
all at once 同时，一起
help (to) do sth. 帮助做某事，有助于做某事
pressure vt. 向（某人）施加压力，强制（名词转动词）
pressure ... to do/into doing ... 迫使......做......
footprint n. 足迹（合成词）
intended adj. 意欲达到的，打算好的，计划好的，设计好的（分词形容词）
be intended for ... 为......设计的，给......用的
intend vt. 想要，打算
beautify vt. 美化（-ify/fy接在名词、形容词后构成动词，表示“使成为......”、“......化”、
“成为......”）
beauty n. (U)美，(C)美人、美好的事物、美好之处
eco-friendly adj. 环保的
draw/call attention to ... 使/吸引人们注意......
voice vt. 表达，吐露（名词动词化）
voice one’s views(on ... ) 表达（关于......的）观点
have an effect on ... 对......产生影响，对......产生效果
disturbing adj. 令人不安的（分词形容词）
disturb vt 打扰，扰乱，使不安
refreshing adj. 使人精神振奋的，令人耳目一新的（分词形容词）
refresh vt. 使心情愉快，使精神振奋
transform ... into ... 使......改变为......
四、关键结构和长难句
1. Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does .
does代替前面的make a difference。助动词do(does/did)可用作替代词，代替前面提到的动词及其连带成分，以避免重复。
E.g. “May I come round in the morning ”“Yes, please do.” “上午我可以来你家串门吗？”“是的，可以。”（do代替come round in the morning）
The Democrats believe they can spend your money better than you can. We don’t. 民主党人以为他们花你们的钱能够比你们自己花得更好。（do代替believe they can spend your money better than you can.）
“Have you finished your work ”“Yes, I did yesterday.”“你完成你的工作了吗？”“做完了，我昨天做完的。”（did代替finished my homework）
【参考译文】艺术家本杰明·冯·王(Benjamin Von Wong)想让你知道，它确实如此。
He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.
forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products是现在分词短语做状语，表示结果，其逻辑主语是builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage这件事，相当于一个which引导的非限制性定语从句：which forces viewers o re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.。
E.g. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat. 数百万英亩的湿地被抽干来解决不断增长的人口的吃与住，这极大地减少了水禽的栖息地。（= ... populations, which greatly reduced waterfowl habitat）
More highways have been built in China, making it much easier for people to travel form one place to another. 更多的高速公路已在中国被建成，这使得人们从一
地到另一地更加容易。（=More highways have been built in China, which makes it much easier for people to travel form one place to another.）
【参考译文】他用塑料垃圾建造巨大的雕塑，迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料产品的关系。
Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
made of ... 是过去分词短语形式作定语，修饰句子主语the sculpture；collected from ... 是过去分词短语形式作定语，修饰前面的plastic straws，相当于定语从句：which were collected from several volunteer beach cleanups。
【参考译文】这尊雕像由16.8万根从几次志愿清理海滩活动中收集来的塑料吸管制成，首次出现在越南胡志明市埃斯特拉购物中心。
Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source of plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled.
1). 本句整体上是but并列的两个并列句；but后面的分句中还有一个because引导的状语从句；在这个状语从句中又有and并列的两个并列句。
2). to drink with是动词不定式形式作定语，修饰前面的them。
当动词不定式充当定语，并与它所修饰的名词或代词在语义上存在着动宾关系，动词不定式中的动词与其所修饰的名词或代词不能构成动宾结构时，需加上适当的介词。
E.g. There are five pairs to choose from, but I'm at a loss which to buy. 有五双鞋供选择，但我不知道买那一双。
At one time people thought that Minnesota was not a good place to live in. 过去人们曾认为明尼苏达州不是一个居住的好地方。
【参考译文】塑料吸管绝不是塑料污染的最大的来源，但他们最近受到抨击，因为大多数人不需要用他们喝，因为他们的小尺寸和重量,他们不能被回收。
Every straw that' s part of Von Wong's artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes.
1). that' s part of Von Wong's artwork是一个定语从句，关系代词that代替先行词straw在从句中做主语。
2). part of ... 意为“......的（不可分割的）一部分”，前面通常不加冠词。但当part前面有形容词修饰时通常要加冠词。
E.g. A sense of humor is part of a healthy personality. 幽默感是健康性格的一部分。
He used to say religious was part of the capitalist system. 他过去常说宗教是资本主义制度的一部分。
A large part of the estate went to the elder son. 大部分财产都给了大儿子。
作主语时，谓语动词和of后面的名词或代词的形式一致。
E.g. Part of what I’m searching for is a reason for that slowing. 我正在查找的一部分就是慢下来的原因。
The greater part of apples are bad. 打部分苹果是坏的。
3). that someone used for only a few minutes是一个定语从句，关系代词that代替先行词drink在从句中做宾语。
【参考译文】冯·王作品中的每一根吸管都很可能来自只喝了几分钟的饮料。
Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.
1). once用作连词，引导一个状语从句时，意为“一旦......”。
E.g. Once you start eating in a healthier way, weight control will become much easier. 一旦你开始更健康的饮食，控制体重就会变得容易得多。
Once they decide which college to go to, students should research the admission procedures. 一旦学生们决定了上哪所大学，他们就应该研究一下办理入学的手续。
. 本句中的take意为“花费、占用（时间、钱、精力等）”，句子主语the straw是动词不定式to disappear中disappear的主语。可变为：Once the drink is gone, it will take the straw centuries to disappear.或Once the drink is gone, it will take centuries for the straw to disappear.
在“sb/sth takes/took ... + 动词不定式”结构中，sb/sth就是动词不定式的逻辑主语，
可改为“It takes/took sb/sth ... + 动词不定式”结构或“It takes/took ... for sb/sth +动词不定式”结构。
E.g. I took two hours to read the novel. 我花了两个小时读那部小说。（=It took me two hours to read the novel.或It took two ours for me to read the novel.）
Fontaine only took an instant to make up his mind. 封登只用了一瞬间，就下定了主意。（=It took Fontaine only an instant to make up his mind.或It took only an instant for Fontaine to make up his mind.）
有时句子的主语还可以是动词不定式中动词的宾语。
E.g. The house will take all week to clean. 房子要花整个星期才能打扫干净。（=It will take all week to clean the house.或It will take all week for the house to be cleaned. ）
The ferry took them five hours to unload. 渡船用了他们五小时才卸完。（=It took them five hours to unload the ferry.或It took five hours for the ferry to be unloaded.）
【参考译文】一旦饮料饮用完了，吸管也要几个世纪才能消失。
For this work, titled "Truckload of Plastic, "Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all at once.
. titled “Truckload of Plastic”是过去分词短语做后置定语，修饰work。which was titled
"Truckload of Plastic, "
E.g. In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words used in daily conversations. 有些语言，100个词汇就占了日常会话中的使用的一半词汇。
2). which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all at once是一个非限制性定语从句，关系代词which代替先行词more than 10,000 pieces of plastic在从句中做主语。
3). to look like they’d been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all at once是动词不定式短语做状语，表目的。
E.g. Group activities will be organized after class to help children develop team spirit. 将组织各种团体活动以帮助儿童培养团队精神。
I stopped the car to take a short break as I was feeling tired. 我停下车进行短暂的休息，因为我感到累了。
4). they’d been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all at once是一个宾语从句，省略了that。
【参考译文】为了这件名为“ 一卡车塑料” 的作品，Von Wong 和一组志愿者收集了1 万多块塑料，然后将它们绑在一起，为了看起来就像是从卡车上一下子扔下来的一样。
【答案】C A B D
【附：学案】
精 读 高 考 真 题 (十一）
高考英语真题是英语学习的宝藏，精读一篇远胜过刷题十篇。相较于教材、日常习题，高考真题的语料更加新颖、更有针对性。长期精读高考真题有利于增强英语学习的信心，从而极大提高学习英语的效率。
一、真题再现
You’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans—between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse,” a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source (来源) of plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that' s part of Von Wong's artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.
In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate (说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload's worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled "Truckload of Plastic, "Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all at once.
Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.
28. What are Von Wong’s artworks intended for
A. Beautifying the city he lives in.
B. Introducing eco-friendly products.
C. Drawing public attention to plastic waste.
D. Reducing garbage on the beach.
29. Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3
A. To show the difficulty of their recycling.
B. To explain why they are useful.
C. To voice his views on modern art.
D. To find a substitute for them.
30. What effect would "Truckload of Plastic" have on viewers
A. Calming.
B. Disturbing
C Refreshing
D. Challenging.
31. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. Artists' Opinions on Plastic Safety
B. Media Interest in Contemporary Art
C. Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies
D. Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures
（2021年全国乙卷阅读理解C篇）
二、语篇导读：本文的语篇类型是________，主题语境为__________。主要讲述了____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________。
三、重点单词（词性转换词、熟词生意词、超纲词）和短语
1. tonne n.
2. ecosystem n.
ocean ecosystems
system n.
straw n.
make a difference (to ... )
make no difference (to ... )
build ... out of ...
massive sculptures
force sb. to do/into doing sth.
re-examine vt.
examine vt.
relationship to ...
single-use adj.
at the beginning (of ... )
a piece (of ... )
Strawpocalypse n.
apocalypse n.
frozen adj.
freeze v.
mid-crash n.
be made of ...
cleanup n.
beach cleanups
clean up
make one’s first appearance
by no means
20. fire n.
come under fire
21. artwork n.
22. likely adv.
23. gone adj.
24. truckload n.
a truckload's worth of ...
work (C)n.
title vt.
tie ... together
all at once
help (to) do sth.
pressure vt.
pressure ... to do/into doing ...
footprint n.
intended adj.
be intended for ...
intend vt.
beautify vt.
beauty n.
eco-friendly adj.
draw/call attention to ...
voice vt.
voice one’s views(on ... )
have an effect on ...
disturbing adj.
disturb vt
refreshing adj.
refresh vt.
transform ... into ...
四、关键结构和长难句
1. Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does .
does代替前面的___________。助动词do(does/did)可用作替代词，代替前面提到的_________________，以避免重复。
E.g. “May I come round in the morning ”“Yes, please _______.” “上午我可以来你家串门吗？”“是的，可以。”（do代替___________________）
The Democrats believe they can spend your money better than you can. We _____. 民主党人以为他们花你们的钱能够比你们自己花得更好。（do代替_______________________________）
“Have you finished your work ”“Yes, I _________ yesterday.”“你完成你的工作了吗？”“做完了，我昨天做完的。”（did代替___________________）
【译文】_____________________________________________。
He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.
forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products是____________做____语，表示_______，其逻辑主语是__________________________，相当于一个________引导的_______________：__________________ viewers o re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.。
E.g. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly _____________waterfowl habitat. 数百万英亩的湿地被抽干来解决不断增长的人口的吃与住，这极大地减少了水禽的栖息地。（= ... populations, ___________________ waterfowl habitat）
More highways have been built in China, _________ it much easier for people to travel form one place to another. 更多的高速公路已在中国被建成，这使得人们从一
地到另一地更加容易。（=More highways have been built in China, ______________it much easier for people to travel form one place to another.）
【译文】__________________________________________________。
3. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
made of ... 是_______________形式作_____语，修饰__________________；collected from ... 是_______________形式作________________语，修饰前面的_______________，相当于____________从句：which were collected______________________ from several volunteer beach cleanups。
【译文】_______________________________________________________。
4.Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source of plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled.
1). 本句整体上是but并列的两个________句；but后面的分句中还有一个because引导的__________从句；在这个状语从句中又有and并列的两个___________句。
2). to drink with是_____________形式作_______语，修饰前面的_________。
当动词不定式充当定语，并与它所修饰的名词或代词在语义上存在着动宾关系，动词不定式中的动词与其所修饰的名词或代词不能构成动宾结构时，需加上适当的________。
E.g. There are five pairs _________________, but I'm at a loss which to buy. 有五双鞋供选择，但我不知道买那一双。
At one time people thought that Minnesota was not a good place ________. 过去人们曾认为明尼苏达州不是一个居住的好地方。
【译文】_______________________________________________________。
Every straw that' s part of Von Wong's artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes.
1). that' s part of Von Wong's artwork是一个________从句，__________词that代替_________词straw在从句中做________语。
2). part of ... 意为________________，前面通常________冠词。但当part前面有形容词修饰时通常要加冠词。
E.g. A sense of humor is _________a healthy personality. 幽默感是健康性格的一部分。
He used to say religious was __________ the capitalist system. 他过去常说宗教是资本主义制度的一部分。
___________________the estate went to the elder son. 大部分财产都给了大儿子。
作主语时，谓语动词和____________________的形式一致。
E.g. Part of what I’m searching for ______ a reason for that slowing. 我正在查找的一部分就是慢下来的原因。
The greater part of apples __________bad. 打部分苹果是坏的。
3). that someone used for only a few minutes是一个_____________从句，_______词that代替__________词drink在从句中做________语。
【译文】_____________________________________________________。
Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.
1). once用作连词，引导一个状语从句时，意为________________。
E.g. _______ you start eating in a healthier way, weight control will become much easier. 一旦你开始更健康的饮食，控制体重就会变得容易得多。
_____________ they decide which college to go to, students should research the admission procedures. 一旦学生们决定了上哪所大学，他们就应该研究一下办理入学的手续。
. 本句中的take意为______________________，句子主语the straw是动词不定式to disappear中disappear的______语。可变为：Once the drink is gone, ___________________ the straw centuries _____________.或Once the drink is gone, ___________________ centuries ________ the straw _________________.
在“sb/sth takes/took ... + 动词不定式”结构中，sb/sth就是动词不定式的_______
语，可改为“It takes/took sb/sth ... + 动词不定式”结构或“It takes/took ... for sb/sth +动词不定式”结构。
E.g. I ________ two hours ________ the novel. 我花了两个小时读那部小说。（=___________ me two hours ___________the novel.或_________ two ours _____________the novel.）
Fontaine only __________ an instant _______________. 封登只用了一瞬间，就下定了主意。（=_______________ Fontaine only an instant ______________.或________________only an instant _______ Fontaine _________________.）
有时句子的主语还可以是动词不定式中动词的宾语。
E.g. The house will ________ all week to clean. 房子要花整个星期才能打扫干净。（=____________all week ____________ the house.或_______________ all week _________the house _______________. ）
The ferry __________ them five hours to unload. 渡船用了他们五小时才卸完。（=______________ them five hours _________________ the ferry.或______________ five hours ___________the ferry ____________________.）
【译文】_____________________________________________。
For this work, titled "Truckload of Plastic, "Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all at once.
. titled “Truckload of Plastic”是___________________做___________，修饰
____________。相当于定语从句：which was titled "Truckload of Plastic, "
E.g. In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words ______ in daily conversations. 有些语言，100个词汇就占了日常会话中的使用的一半词汇。
2). which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all at once是一个______________，关系代词____________代替先行词_________________在从句中做__________语。
3). to look like they’d been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all at once是_____________做_____语，表________。
E.g. Group activities will be organized after class ___________ children develop team spirit. 将组织各种团体活动以帮助儿童培养团队精神。
I stopped the car _________ a short break as I was feeling tired. 我停下车进行短暂的休息，因为我感到累了。
4). they’d been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all at once是一个____________，省略了___________。
【译文】______________________________________________________。精 读 高 考 真 题 (五）
高考英语真题是英语学习的宝藏，精读一篇远胜过刷题十篇。相较于教材、日常习题，高考真题的语料更加新颖、更有针对性。长期精读高考真题有利于增强英语学习的信心，从而极大提高学习英语的效率。
一、真题再现
My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school, when, for three whole days, I worked in a baking factory.
My best friend Betsy’s father was a manager at Hough Bakeries, which, at Easter time, ___41___ little bunny (兔子) cakes for all its __42___ throughout Cleveland. It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for ___43__ help during our spring break, for which I had no __44___ beyond listening to my favorite records. I’d ___45___ minimum wage. I’d see how a factory ___46___. My parents thought all of this was a grand idea and called Betsy’s dad with their ___47___.
Our ___48___ in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose. ___49___ bunny from the belt. This was ___50___ than it sounds. __51___ a bit and the cakes pile up. As I told my parents at dinner that first night, it was all a little more high-pressure than I’d __52___.
Dad ___53___. The son of a grocer, he’d spent the summers of his childhood ___54___ food in Bernardsville, New Jersey. This was the sort of work that made you ___55___ the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me.
A. sold B. ordered C. made D. reserved
42. A. stores B. families C. schools D. citizens
43. A. generous B. financial C. technical D. temporary
44. A. plans B. problems C. excuses D. hobbies
45. A. offer B. earn C. set D. suggest
46. A. worked B. closed C. developed D. survived
47. A. ambition B. permission C. experience D. invitation
48. A. joys B. ideas C. roles D. choices
49. A. Save B. Keep C. Stop D. Remove
50. A. harder B. better C. longer D. cheaper
51. A. Calm down B. Slow down C. Stay on D. Move on
52. A. indicated B. witnessed C. expected D. remembered
53. A. cried B. smiled C. hesitated D. refused
54. A. tasting B. finding C. sharing D. delivering
55. A. withdraw B. donate C. receive D. appreciate
（2021年全国新高考I卷完形填空）
二、语篇导读：本文的语篇类型是记叙文，主题语境为人与自我。主要介绍介绍了作者春假期间在一家面包工厂第一次打工的经历。
三、重点单词（词性转换词、熟词生意词、超纲词）和短语
1. tax-paying adj. 纳税的（合成词）
pay tax 缴税，纳税
employed adj. 被雇用的，被使用的，就业的（分词形容词）
employ vt 雇佣，使用
baking n. 烘焙，烘烤（-ing 接在动词后，构成名词，用于描述做某事的动作或过程，也用于描述做某事的实例、产物或结果）
a baking factory 烘焙厂
bake v. 烤，烘焙
bakery n. 面包房，面包店（-ery构成名词，表示“......的场所”。在d,t,l,n,e之后用-ry）
plant n. 工厂（熟词生义）
break n. 休息，休假（熟词生义）
spring break 春假
beyond prep. （用于否定句、疑问句）除了…；除…之外（熟词生义）
with sb.’s permission 在某人许可的情况下，经某人许可
moving adj. 移动的（分词形容词）
a moving belt 传送带，输送带
apply vt. 涂抹、添加（药物、化妆品、涂料等）（熟词生义）
pile up 堆积，积聚
high-pressure adj. 压力大的（合成词）
financial adj. 财政的，金融的，财务的（-ial构成形容词，表示“有......特性的”、“有关......的”）
finance n. 财政，金融
stay on 继续停留，继续留下（at...）
move on 继续前进
appreciate vt. 珍惜，重视（熟词生义）
calm down (使)平静下来，(使)镇定下来
slow down (使)放慢，(使)减速
四、关键结构和长难句
1. It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for temporary help during our spring break, for which I had no plans beyond listening to my favorite records.
1). 在“It happened that ... ”结构，意为“碰巧......”，it用作形式主语（或先行主语），正真的主语是后面的that引导的主语从句，happened前常用so加强语气。
g. It happened that I was standing next to him when he collapsed. 他倒下的时候，我碰巧站在他边上。
It so happened that he was out when I visited him. 我去拜访他时，碰巧他外出了。
2). for which I had no plans beyond listening to my favorite records是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是spring break；have no plans for our spring break意为“没有度春假的计划安排”。
E.g. He didn’t explain the reason for which /why he missed the class-meeting. 他没有解释他没有参加班会的原因。
【参考译文】碰巧在我们的春假期间，市中心的工厂需要八个孩子临时帮忙。而我除了听我最喜欢的唱片外，没有什么计划。
This was the sort of work that made you appreciate the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me.
1). 句中的that made you appreciate the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work是定语从句，先行词是work；you earned是定语从句，先行词是dollars，省略了关系词that或which；who did the work是定语从句，先行词是those。当先行词为people和those时，关系词多用who
g. People all like those who have good manners. 人们都喜欢那些有礼貌的人。
. and并列appreciate和respect两个动词，在that引导的定语从句中做宾语you的补
足语，前面省略了动词不定式符号to。动词make（使，让）后面接动词不定式做宾语补足语时，须省去to；被动语态时，须还原to。类似的还有have，let等。
E.g. The color red makes people want to eat faster. 红色使人们吃得更快些。
The workers was made to do the work all day。 工人们被迫整天干活。
【参考译文】他告诉我，这是那种让你珍惜你挣的钱和尊重那些做这项工作的人的工作。
【答案】41-45 CADAB 46-50 ABCDA 51-55 BCBDD
【附：学案】
精 读 高 考 真 题 (五）
高考英语真题是英语学习的宝藏，精读一篇远胜过刷题十篇。相较于教材、日常习题，高考真题的语料更加新颖、更有针对性。长期精读高考真题有利于增强英语学习的信心，从而极大提高学习英语的效率。
一、真题再现
My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school, when, for three whole days, I worked in a baking factory.
My best friend Betsy’s father was a manager at Hough Bakeries, which, at Easter time, ___41___ little bunny (兔子) cakes for all its ___42___ throughout Cleveland. It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for ___43___ help during our spring break, for which I had no ___44___ beyond listening to my favorite records. I’d ___45___ minimum wage. I’d see how a factory ___46___. My parents thought all of this was a grand idea and called Betsy’s dad with their __47__.
Our ___48___ in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose. __49__ bunny from the belt. This was __50___ than it sounds. ___51___ a bit and the cakes pile up. As I told my parents at dinner that first night, it was all a little more high-pressure than I’d __52___.
Dad __53___. The son of a grocer, he’d spent the summers of his childhood __54___ food in Bernardsville, New Jersey. This was the sort of work that made you ___55___ the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me.
A. sold B. ordered C. made D. reserved
42. A. stores B. families C. schools D. citizens
43. A. generous B. financial C. technical D. temporary
44. A. plans B. problems C. excuses D. hobbies
45. A. offer B. earn C. set D. suggest
46. A. worked B. closed C. developed D. survived
47. A. ambition B. permission C. experience D. invitation
48. A. joys B. ideas C. roles D. choices
49. A. Save B. Keep C. Stop D. Remove
50. A. harder B. better C. longer D. cheaper
51. A. Calm down B. Slow down C. Stay on D. Move on
52. A. indicated B. witnessed C. expected D. remembered
53. A. cried B. smiled C. hesitated D. refused
54. A. tasting B. finding C. sharing D. delivering
55. A. withdraw B. donate C. receive D. appreciate
（2021年全国新高考I卷完形填空）
二、语篇导读：本文的语篇类型是______，主题语境为________。主要介绍介绍了_________________________________________________________。
三、重点单词（词性转换词、熟词生意词、超纲词）和短语
1. tax-paying adj.
pay tax
2.employed adj. 被雇用的，被使用的，就业的（分词形容词）
employ vt 雇佣，使用
3.baking n. 烘焙，烘烤（-ing 接在动词后，构成名词，用于描述做某事的动作或过程，也用于描述做某事的实例、产物或结果）
a baking factory 烘焙厂
bake v. 烤，烘焙
bakery n. 面包房，面包店（-ery构成名词，表示“......的场所”。在d,t,l,n,e之后用-ry）
4.plant n. 工厂（熟词生义）
5.break n. 休息，休假（熟词生义）
spring break 春假
6.beyond prep. （用于否定句、疑问句）除了…；除…之外（熟词生义）
7.with sb.’s permission 在某人许可的情况下，经某人许可
8.moving adj. 移动的（分词形容词）
a moving belt 传送带，输送带
9.apply vt. 涂抹、添加（药物、化妆品、涂料等）（熟词生义）
10.pile up 堆积，积聚
11.high-pressure adj. 压力大的（合成词）
12.financial adj. 财政的，金融的，财务的（-ial构成形容词，表示“有......特性的”、“有关......的”）
13. finance n. 财政，金融
14.stay on 继续停留，继续留下（at...）
15.move on 继续前进
16.appreciate vt. 珍惜，重视（熟词生义）
17.calm down (使)平静下来，(使)镇定下来
18.slow down (使)放慢，(使)减速
四、关键结构和长难句
1. It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for temporary help during our spring break, for which I had no plans beyond listening to my favorite records.
1). 在“It happened that ... ”结构，意为__________，it用作_____主语（或_____主语），_____的主语是后面的______引导的________，happened前常用so加强语气。
g. ______ ______ ________ I was standing next to him when he collapsed. 他倒下的时候，我碰巧站在他边上。
______ ______ _______ ________ he was out when I visited him. 我去拜访他时，碰巧他外出了。
2). for which I had no plans beyond listening to my favorite records是一个_______性______从句，先行词是_______；have no plans for our spring break意为______________。
E.g. He didn’t explain the reason ______ _______/_______ he missed the class-meeting. 他没有解释他没有参加班会的原因。
【翻译】
___________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________。
2.This was the sort of work that made you appreciate the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me.
1). 句中的that made you appreciate the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work是_______从句，_________是work；you earned是__________，________是dollars，省略了_______________；who did the work是__________，___________是those。当先行词为people和those时，关系词多用who
g. People all like_______ _________ have good manners. 人们都喜欢那些有
礼貌的人。
. and并列____________和__________两个动词，在that引导的_______从句
中做______语you的_________，前面省略了动词不定式符号_________。动词make（使，让）后面接动词不定式做宾语补足语时，须_______；被动语态时，须________。类似的还有have，let等。
E.g. The color red makes people _______ to eat faster. 红色使人们吃得更快些。
The workers was made _____ _____ the work all day。 工人们被迫整天干活。
【翻译】___________________________________________________。精 读 高 考 真 题 (十五）
高考英语真题是英语学习的宝藏，精读一篇远胜过刷题十篇。相较于教材、日常习题，高考真题的语料更加新颖、更有针对性。长期精读高考真题有利于增强英语学习的信心，从而极大提高学习英语的效率。
一、真题再现
Take a view, the Landscape (风景) Photographer of the Year Award, was the idea of Charlie Waite, one of today’s most respected landscape photographers. Each year, the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape. Take a view is a desirable annual competition for photographers from all corners of the UK and beyond.
Mike Shepherd (2011) Skiddaw in Winter Cumbria, England It was an extremely cold winter’s evening and freezing fog hung in the air. I climbed to the top of a small rise and realised that the mist was little more than a few feet deep, and though it was only a short climb, I found myself completely above it and looking at a wonderfully clear view of Skiddaw with the sun setting in the west. I used classical techniques, translated from my college days spent in the darkroom into Photoshop, to achieve the black-and-white image (图像).
Timothy Smith (2014) Macclesfield Forest Cheshire, England I was back in my home town of Macclesfield to take some winter images. Walking up a path through the forest towards Shutlingsloe, a local high point, I came across a small clearing and immediately noticed the dead yellow grasses set against the fresh snow. The small pine added to the interest and I placed it centrally to take the view from the foreground right through into the forest.
21. Who would most probably enter for Take a view
A. Writers. B. Photographers.
C. Painters. D. Tourists.
22. What do the works by Shepherd and Smith have in common
A. They are winter images.
B. They are in black and white.
C. They show mountainous scenes.
D. They focus on snow-covered forests.
23. Where can the text be found
A. In a history book.
B. In a novel.
C. In an art magazine.
D. In a biography.
（2021年全国甲卷A篇）
二、语篇导读：本文的语篇类型是应用文，主题语境为人与自然。文章主要介绍了摄影比赛Take a view以及获奖的相关情况。
重点单词（词性转换词、熟词生意词、超纲词）和短语
Take a view 英国年度最佳风景摄影师大赛
respected adj. 受人尊敬的（分词形容词）
respect vt. 尊敬，尊重
entry (C)n. 参赛作品（熟词生义）
showcase vt. 展示（名词转动词）
photography (U)n. 摄影（术）
photograph v. 为......拍照，摄影
desirable adj. 值得做的，值得拥有的，合意的
desire vt. （强烈地）希望，渴望
rise n. 斜坡，小山，小丘（动词转名词）（熟词生义））
completely adv. 完全地，彻底地
complete adj. 完全的，完成的，彻底的
wonderfully adv. 非常，异乎寻常地
wonderful adj. 精彩的，令人赞叹的
set vi. （太阳、月亮）下沉，落下
classical adj. 古典的，经典的，传统的
classic n. 名著，经典作品，经典
darkroom n. （摄影用的）暗室（合成词）
translate v. 转变，转换，转化（熟词生义））
translate ... into ... 把......转化成......
Photoshop 图像处理软件
black-and-white adj. （电视、照片等）黑白的（合成词）
take images(of ...) 拍（......的）图片
point n. 某地方，地点
a high point 一块高地
come across （偶然）发现，遇见
clearing n. （小块）林中空地
clear v. 清扫，清除
walk up a path 沿着一条小路走
be set against ... （电音、戏剧、故事等）以......为背景，映衬......
set ... against ... 把......与......比较，使......比......突出
add to ... 增加......，增添......
centrally adv. （在）中心地，（在）中央地，主要地
central adj. 中心的，中央的，主要的
take the view 取景
foreground n. (照片、景物等的)前景（fore-表示“前面的”、“前部的”、“事先”）
enter for ... 报名参加（竞赛等）
work (C)n. 作品，著作
in common 共同的，一样的，共有的
have ... in common 有......共同之处
focus on ... 集中（注意力、精力等）于......
snow-covered adj. 被雪覆盖的（合成词）
四、关键结构和长难句
1. Take a view, the Landscape (风景) Photographer of the Year Award, was the idea of Charlie Waite, one of today’s most respected landscape photographers.
句中的the Landscape (风景) Photographer of the Year Award是Take a view的同位语，起解释说明的作用；one of today’s most respected landscape photographers是Charlie Waite的同位语，也是起解释说明的作用。
【参考译文】Take a view，年度风景摄影师奖,是Charlie Waite的主意，他是当今最受尊敬的风景摄影师之一。
Each year, the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape.
1). that the Awards ... 是动词show后面的宾语从句。
2). very常用在first, last或形容词最高级前，起强化语的作用。
E.g. This cake ought to be very good, because I used the very best butter. 这糕点应当很好吃，因为我用了最好的奶油。
All of us, from the very youngest children to the oldest members of our cultures should come to realize our own potential as teachers. 我们大家，从小孩子到我们文化的最老年的成员，都应当认识到我们做老师的潜力。
The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling. 第一张联邦鸭子邮票是由J.N.“丁”达林设计的。
但是，由“most + 形容词”构成的最高级之前不能用very。
3). to showcase... 是动词不定式短语做后置定语，修饰前面的名词platform。platform是动词showcase...发生的地点，起状语作用。
E.g. Volunteering gives you a chance to change lives, including your own. 志愿者工作给了你改变生活的机会，包括你自己的。
That is the only way we can imagine to reduce the overuse of water in students' bathrooms. 那是我们能想象到的唯一的减少学生浴室里过多用水的办法。
【参考译文】每年，参赛的高标准说明了该大赛是展示英国风景摄影的最佳平台。
I climbed to the top of a small rise and realised that the mist was little more than a few feet deep, and though it was only a short climb, I found myself completely above it and looking at a wonderfully clear view of Skiddaw with the sun setting in the west.
1). “little more than+数词（或名词）”，如同“no more than+数词（或名词）”一样，并不是用来表示精确的数字，而是用来表达说话人的主观看法或口气的：强调数量之少、事物之小或微不足道。一般可译为“仅仅”、“只不过”、“才”、“跟......一样少（或小）”等。但little在这里仍具有否定意义。是一种形式上表示比较、意义上表示等同的形容词或副词短语。
E.g. It’s worth little more than twenty dollars. 这个只不过值一先领。
He left little more than an hour ago. 他刚刚在一小时之前离开。
The American working man fought hard to achieve what he has. In the beginning he was little more than a slave. 美国劳工为了获得今日的一切经历了艰苦卓绝的斗争。起初他们只不过是奴隶而已。
2). 句中的completely above it和looking at ... 是两个并列的宾语补足语。一个是介词短语；一个是现在分词短语。
在“find + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”结构中，宾语补足语可由名词、形容词、分词、副词、介词短语或动词不定式来充当。
E.g. You will find it a difficult book. 你会发现那是一本很难的书。
We found him dishonest. 我们认为他不诚实。
He found the door closed. 他发现们是关着的。
We found him sleeping under a tree. 我们发现他在一颗树下睡着了。
We went to her house but we found him out. 我们去了他家，发现他已外出。
When we arrived, we found him in bed. 我们到达时，发现他在睡觉。
Some insects have been found to live for several years without any water. 人们发现一些昆虫可以滴水不进地活好几年。
3). 句中的with the sun setting in the west是一个with引入的复合结构，做状语，表示附带的情况说明。setting in the west是现在分词短语形式做宾语the sun的补足语。
在“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构（即with引入的复合结构）中，宾语补足语可由分词、形容词、介词短语、副词、动词不定式或名词来充当。在句首时，通常表示“在......情况下”；在句末时，通常表示附带的情况说明。
E.g. With the crowds cheering, they drove to the palace. 在人群的欢呼声中，他们取车来到皇宫。
The worry is now taking on a greater resonance, with terrorism surging overseas. 这个担心正在引起更大的共鸣，因为海外恐怖活动猖獗。
John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work finished, he gladly accepted it. John收到了一个邀请，邀请他取吃饭。因为工作都做完了，所以他高兴地接受了。
They sat together around the table, with the door shut。 他们一起围坐在桌子周围，门关着。
With jobs scarce, close to half a million people have given up looking. 由于工作机会很少，将近50万人放弃了求职的努力。
He stared at me with his mouth open. 他凝视着我，嘴张着。
With the children at school, we can’t take our vacations when we want to. 由于孩子们在上学，所以当我们想度假时而不能去度假。
He stood with his hands in his pocket. 他站着，一只手插在口袋里。
With Mary away John felt miserable. 由于玛丽走了，约翰觉得很悲哀。
Holmes and Watson sat with the light on for half an hour. 福尔摩斯和华生坐着，灯开着，有半小时。
With you to help us, we’ll surely succeed. 有你来帮助我们，我们一定会成功的。
He was left alone, with no one to look after him. 只剩下他孤单一人，没有人来照顾他。
With employments claims the fastest-growing category of civil lawsuits, employers hate the proposal. 由于有关雇佣的申诉成了民事诉讼数量增加最快的一类案件，雇主们很讨厌这个建议。
She died with her son (being) yet a schoolboy. 她去世了，她儿子还是个小学生。
with合结构的句法功能主要有：
A). 做伴随状语
E.g. With tears of joy in her eyes, she saw her daughter married. 她眼里含着高兴的泪水，看着女儿嫁了出去。
Without anyone noticing, I slipped out of the room. 没有任何人注意到，我从屋里留了出来。
And thousands of terrified watchers stared with their hearts beating fast. 数以千计的惊恐的围观者瞪大眼睛看着，吓得心脏扑通扑通直跳。
B). 做方式状语
E.g. With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Zhao hurried off to look after the man. 赵小姐挎着药箱，匆忙离开去照料那个人。
C). 做原因状语
E.g. With the exams coming next week, I have no time for a social life. 下周要举行考试，我没有时间参加社交。
With so many children to support, they both have to work full time. 有这么多孩子要抚养，他们俩不得不全日工作。
D). 做条件状语
E.g. With this sum added, we will have enough money for the trip. 加上这笔钱，我们就有足够的钱旅行了。
With them on our side, we are secure. 如果他们站在我们这边，我们就安全了。
E). 做定语
E.g. We went into a large waiting room with a large fan spinning over head. 我们走进一个大候诊室，头上有一个大电扇在转着。
There were birds too, with the eyes carved out of the rock and painted white. 这儿还有鸟，眼睛在岩石山雕成突出的，并涂成白色。
【参考译文】我爬到了一个小山丘的顶端，意识到薄雾只有几英尺深。虽然只是一次短暂的攀爬，但我发现自己完全在山顶上面，并看着着Skiddaw清晰得惊人的景色，夕阳在西下。
I used classical techniques, translated from my college days spent in the darkroom into Photoshop, to achieve the black-and-white image.
1). translated into Photoshop是一个过去分词短语做后置定语，修饰techniques，相当
于定语从句：which were translated into Photoshop。
2). spent in the darkroom是一个过去分词短语做后置定语，修饰days，相当于定语从句：which were spent in the darkroom。
3). to achieve the black-and-white image是一个动词不定式短语做目的状语。
【参考译文】我用我在暗房中度过的大学时光得来的经典摄影技术来获得这些黑白的图像，这些技术已转化成了Photoshop。
Walking up a path through the forest towards Shutlingsloe, a local high point, I came across a small clearing and immediately noticed the dead yellow grasses set against the fresh snow.
1). Walking up ... 是一个现在分词短语形式做状语，表示时间，其逻辑主语是I。相当于
一个时间状语从句：When I was walking up ... 。
E.g. Looking at my classmates' faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes. 看着同学们的脸的时候，从他们的眼中我读到了同样的兴奋。（=When I looked at ... ）
Approaching the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height. 靠近市中心的时候，我们看到一块大约有10米高的石雕。（=When we approached the ... ）
2). a local high point是Shutlingsloe的同位语，对其进行解释说明。
3). set against the fresh snow是过去分词短语做后置定语，修饰grasses，相当于定语从句：which were set against the fresh snow。
【参考译文】沿着一条穿过森林的小径，朝着当地的一块高地Shutlingsloe走去，我发现了一块小空地，立刻注意到映衬着新鲜的积雪的枯黄的草丛。
【答案】B A C
【附：学案】
精 读 高 考 真 题 (十五）
高考英语真题是英语学习的宝藏，精读一篇远胜过刷题十篇。相较于教材、日常习题，高考真题的语料更加新颖、更有针对性。长期精读高考真题有利于增强英语学习的信心，从而极大提高学习英语的效率。
一、真题再现
Take a view, the Landscape (风景) Photographer of the Year Award, was the idea of Charlie Waite, one of today’s most respected landscape photographers. Each year, the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape. Take a view is a desirable annual competition for photographers from all corners of the UK and beyond.
Mike Shepherd (2011) Skiddaw in Winter Cumbria, England It was an extremely cold winter’s evening and freezing fog hung in the air. I climbed to the top of a small rise and realised that the mist was little more than a few feet deep, and though it was only a short climb, I found myself completely above it and looking at a wonderfully clear view of Skiddaw with the sun setting in the west. I used classical techniques, translated from my college days spent in the darkroom into Photoshop, to achieve the black-and-white image (图像).
Timothy Smith (2014) Macclesfield Forest Cheshire, England I was back in my home town of Macclesfield to take some winter images. Walking up a path through the forest towards Shutlingsloe, a local high point, I came across a small clearing and immediately noticed the dead yellow grasses set against the fresh snow. The small pine added to the interest and I placed it centrally to take the view from the foreground right through into the forest.
21. Who would most probably enter for Take a view
A. Writers. B. Photographers.
C. Painters. D. Tourists.
22. What do the works by Shepherd and Smith have in common
A. They are winter images.
B. They are in black and white.
C. They show mountainous scenes.
D. They focus on snow-covered forests.
23. Where can the text be found
A. In a history book.
B. In a novel.
C. In an art magazine.
D. In a biography.
（2021年全国甲卷A篇）
二、语篇导读：本文的语篇类型是_________，主题语境为___________。文章主要介绍了___________________________________________________。
重点单词（词性转换词、熟词生意词、超纲词）和短语
Take a view
respected adj.
respect vt.
entry (C)n.
showcase vt.
photography (U)n.
photograph v.
desirable adj.
desire vt.
rise n.
completely adv.
complete adj.
wonderfully adv.
wonderful adj.
set vi.
classical adj.
classic n.
darkroom n.
translate v.
translate ... into ...
Photoshop
black-and-white adj.
take images(of ...)
point n.
a high point
come across
clearing n.
clear v.
walk up a path
be set against ...
set ... against ...
add to ...
centrally adv.
central adj.
take the view
foreground n.
enter for ...
work (C)n.
in common
have ... in common
focus on ...
snow-covered adj.
四、关键结构和长难句
1. Take a view, the Landscape (风景) Photographer of the Year Award, was the idea of Charlie Waite, one of today’s most respected landscape photographers.
句中的the Landscape (风景) Photographer of the Year Award是Take a view的______语，起_______的作用；one of today’s most respected landscape photographers是Charlie Waite的________语，也是起__________________的作用。
【译文】_______________________________________________________。
Each year, the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape.
1). that the Awards ... 是动词show后面的____________________。
2). very常用在______, ______或形容词_________级前，起___________作用。
E.g. This cake ought to be very good, because I used __________butter. 这糕点应当很好吃，因为我用了最好的奶油。
All of us, from ______________ children to the oldest members of our cultures should come to realize our own potential as teachers. 我们大家，从小孩子到我们文化的最老年的成员，都应当认识到我们做老师的潜力。
__________________ Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling. 第一张联邦鸭子邮票是由J.N.“丁”达林设计的。
但是，由“most + 形容词”构成的最高级之前不能用very。
3). to showcase... 是____________做_________，修饰前面的名词__________。platform是动词showcase...发生的__________，起___________作用。
E.g. Volunteering gives you a chance ______________, including your own. 志愿者工作给了你改变生活的机会，包括你自己的。
That is the only way we can imagine _____________ the overuse of water in students' bathrooms. 那是我们能想象到的唯一的减少学生浴室里过多用水的办法。
【译文】_______________________________________________________。
I climbed to the top of a small rise and realised that the mist was little more than a few feet deep, and though it was only a short climb, I found myself completely above it and looking at a wonderfully clear view of Skiddaw with the sun setting in the west.
1). “little more than+数词（或名词）”，如同“no more than+数词（或名词）”一样，并不是用来表示精确的数字，而是用来表达说话人的主观看法或口气的：强调数量之少、事物之小或微不足道。一般可译为_______、___________、_________、________________等。但little在这里仍具有否定意义。是一种形式上表示__________、意义上表示____________的形容词或副词短语。
E.g. It’s worth ________________ twenty dollars. 这个只不过值一先领。
He left ______________ an hour ago. 他刚刚在一小时之前离开。
The American working man fought hard to achieve what he has. In the beginning he was __________________ a slave. 美国劳工为了获得今日的一切经历了艰苦卓绝的斗争。起初他们只不过是奴隶而已。
2). 句中的completely above it和looking at ... 是两个并列的______________语。一个是____________短语；一个是_________________短语。
在“find + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”结构中，宾语补足语可由________、___________、___________、_____________、__________或_____________来充当。
E.g. You will find it _____________________. 你会发现那是一本很难的书。
We found him ____________. 我们认为他不诚实。
He found the door ______________. 他发现们是关着的。
We found him __________________________. 我们发现他在一颗树下睡着了。
We went to her house but we found him __________. 我们去了他家，发现他已外出。
When we arrived, we found him _____________. 我们到达时，发现他在睡觉。
Some insects have been found t_________________________ without any water. 人们发现一些昆虫可以滴水不进地活好几年。
3). 句中的with the sun setting in the west是一个with引入的_____________________，做_________语，表示___________________。setting in the west是______________形式做宾语the sun的_________________语。
在“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构（即with引入的复合结构）中，宾语补足语可由_____________、_______________、__________________、______________、_________________或____________来充当。在句首时，通常表示_________________；在句末时，通常表示______________________。
E.g. __________ the crowds ______________, they drove to the palace. 在人群的欢呼声中，他们取车来到皇宫。
The worry is now taking on a greater resonance, ______ terrorism ________overseas. 这个担心正在引起更大的共鸣，因为海外恐怖活动猖獗。
John received an invitation to dinner, and ______ his work __________, he gladly accepted it. John收到了一个邀请，邀请他取吃饭。因为工作都做完了，所以他高兴地接受了。
They sat together around the table,_________ the door ___________。 他们一起围坐在桌子周围，门关着。
___________jobs ___________, close to half a million people have given up looking. 由于工作机会很少，将近50万人放弃了求职的努力。
He stared at me ___________ his mouth __________. 他凝视着我，嘴张着。
__________ the children ________________, we can’t take our vacations when we want to. 由于孩子们在上学，所以当我们想度假时而不能去度假。
He stood __________ his hands _________________. 他站着，一只手插在口袋里。
__________ Mary _______ John felt miserable. 由于玛丽走了，约翰觉得很悲哀。
Holmes and Watson sat ___________ the light _________ for half an hour. 福尔摩斯和华生坐着，灯开着，有半小时。
_________ you _____________, we’ll surely succeed. 有你来帮助我们，我们一定会成功的。
He was left alone, ______________ no one _________________. 只剩下他孤单一人，没有人来照顾他。
______________ employments claims ____________________, employers hate the proposal. 由于有关雇佣的申诉成了民事诉讼数量增加最快的一类案件，雇主们很讨厌这个建议。
She died ____________ her son (being) yet _____________. 她去世了，她儿子还是个小学生。
with合结构的句法功能主要有：
A). 做伴随状语
E.g. _____________ tears of joy ______________, she saw her daughter married. 她眼里含着高兴的泪水，看着女儿嫁了出去。
_____________anyone ______________, I slipped out of the room. 没有任何人注意到，我从屋里留了出来。
And thousands of terrified watchers stared __________ their hearts _____________. 数以千计的惊恐的围观者瞪大眼睛看着，吓得心脏扑通扑通直跳。
B). 做方式状语
E.g. _____________ the medicine box _____________________, Miss Zhao hurried off to look after the man. 赵小姐挎着药箱，匆忙离开去照料那个人。
C). 做原因状语
E.g. ___________ the exams ______________ next week, I have no time for a social life. 下周要举行考试，我没有时间参加社交。
____________ so many children ________________, they both have to work full time. 有这么多孩子要抚养，他们俩不得不全日工作。
D). 做条件状语
E.g. _____________ this sum ________________, we will have enough money for the trip. 加上这笔钱，我们就有足够的钱旅行了。
____________ them ______________, we are secure. 如果他们站在我们这边，我们就安全了。
E). 做定语
E.g. We went into a large waiting room ______________ a large fan ____________________. 我们走进一个大候诊室，头上有一个大电扇在转着。
There were birds too, ______________ the eyes _______________ out of the rock and _____________ white. 这儿还有鸟，眼睛在岩石山雕成突出的，并涂成白色。
【译文】_______________________________________________________。
I used classical techniques, translated from my college days spent in the darkroom into Photoshop, to achieve the black-and-white image.
1). translated ... into Photoshop是一个________________做_____________，修饰_________________，相当于定语从句：___________________ ... into Photoshop。
2). spent in the darkroom是一个_____________做____________，修饰________，相当于定语从句：______________________in the darkroom。
3). to achieve the black-and-white image是一个______________做_____________。
【译文】__________________________________________________。
Walking up a path through the forest towards Shutlingsloe, a local high point, I came across a small clearing and immediately noticed the dead yellow grasses set against the fresh snow.
1). Walking up ... 是一个_____________形式做____________，表示____________，其逻辑主语是______________。相当于一个____________从句：________________ up ... 。
E.g. ___________ at my classmates' faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes. 看着同学们的脸的时候，从他们的眼中我读到了同样的兴奋。（=_____________________ at ... ）
________________the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height. 靠近市中心的时候，我们看到一块大约有10米高的石雕。（=__________________ the ... ）
2). a local high point是Shutlingsloe的______语，对其进行__________________。
3). set against the fresh snow是______________做___________，修饰_________，相当于定语从句：___________________ against the fresh snow。
【译文】_______________________________________________________。精 读 高 考 真 题 (四）
高考英语真题是英语学习的宝藏，精读一篇远胜过刷题十篇。相较于教材、日常习题，高考真题的语料更加新颖、更有针对性。长期精读高考真题有利于增强英语学习的信心，从而极大提高学习英语的效率。
一、真题再现
Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intelligence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person’s makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.
We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
32. What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence
A. It can be measured by an IQ test. B. It helps to exercise a person’s mind.
C. It includes a set of emotional skills. D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities.
33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2
A. To explain a rule. B. To clarify a concept.
C. To present a fact. D. To make a prediction.
34. What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence
A. Favorable. B. Intolerant. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence
A. Its appeal to the public. B. Expectations for future studies.
C. Its practical application. D. Scientists with new perspectives.
（2021年全国新高考I卷阅读理解D篇）
二、语篇导读：本文的语篇类型是议论文，主题语境为人与自我。探讨了什么是情商、许多人对情商的误解、情商的双重功能、情商的普及推广带来的益处以及对未来情商方面科学研究的希望等。
三、重点单词（词性转换词、熟词生意词、超纲词）和短语
1. popularization n. 通俗化，普及
popularize vt. 使大众化，使通俗化，普及（-ize （英-ise）构成动词，表示“使......化”，“使成为......”）
popular adj. 流行的，受欢迎的
popular beliefs 流行的观点，流行的看法
2. in some cases 在某些情况下，有些时候
3. emotional adj. 情感的，情绪上的
emotional intelligence 情商（人际交往和沟通技巧）
emotional skills 情感技能
emotion n. 情感，情绪
emotionally adv. 感情上地，情绪上地
emotionally intelligent 情商高的
misunderstand ... as ... 把......误解成......
desirable adj. 值得做的，值得拥有的，合意的
desire vt. （强烈地）希望，渴望
makeup n. 天性，性格（动词转名词）（熟词生义）
make up 组成、构成，编造、虚构，（给…）化妆、（为…）打扮
IQ 智商（=intelligence quotient）
quotient n. 商数，度数
such as （表示列举）比如、例如
people skills 交际能力；人际交往能力
contribute to 有助于，有益于，促成
quality n. （人的）品质，特质（熟词生义）
positive qualities 积极地品质，正面的特质
skill-based adj. 基于技能的（合成词）
describe ... as ... 把......描述为......
a set of 一套......
the ability to do 做某事的能力
accurately adv. 精确地，准确无误地
accurate adj. 精确的
cheater n. 骗子，欺诈者
cheat v. 欺骗，蒙骗；作弊，舞弊，弄虚作假
necessarily adv. 必定地、必然地
not necessarily 未必，不一定
regarding prep. 关于;至于（分词转介词）
run( far) ahead of （远）超过
reasonably adv. 合理地
reasonable adj. 合理的，有道理的
publicity n. （媒体的）关注，宣传，报道
public adj. 公开的，公众的
the public 公众
employer n. 雇主，雇用者
employ vt. 雇用
well-being n. 安康、幸福、福利、福祉（合成词）
social well-being 社会福利
re-evaluate vt. 重新评估，再评价（re- 用于动词和名词前构成新的动词和名词，表示“再度”、“重新”）
evaluate vt. 评估，评价
functionality vt. 实用，设计目的，功能性
functional adj. 实用的，功能的（-al 接在名词之后，构成形容词，表示“像......一样的”、“与......有关的”）
function n. 功能;作用
vi. 发挥功能，起作用
adaptively adv. 适应性地，适应地
adaptive adj. 适应的，有适应能力的（-ive 构成形容词，表示“具有......性质的”、“有......倾向的”）
adapt v. （使）适应，（使）适合
continuing adj. 继续的，连续的，持续的（分词形容词）
continue vi. 持续，继续
scholarly adj. 学者的，学术的（-ly接名词之后构成形容词，表示“像......那样的”、“有......特质的”）
scholar n. 学者
in the right direction 朝着正确的方向
in the direction of 向......方向
refer to 涉及，与…相关
prediction n. 预言，预告，预测
make a prediction 做出预测
predict vt. 预言，预测，预告
favorable adj. 赞成的，赞同的
favor n. 赞同，支持，喜爱（英favour）
intolerant adj. 不宽容的，不容忍的
tolerant adj. 宽容的，容忍的
doubtful adj. 怀疑的，疑惑的 （-ful构成形容词，表示“充满......的”、“有......性质的”）
doubt n. 怀疑，疑惑
vt. 怀疑，不相信
unclear adj. 不清楚的，不确定的
clear adj.清楚的，明白的
mainly adv. 主要地，大部分地
main adj. 主要的
concerning prep. 有关，关于（分词转介词）
concern vt. 与......有关，涉及
application n. 应用，运用
practical application 实际应用
apply vt. 应用，运用
四、关键结构和长难句
1. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person’s makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.”
1). desirable in a person’s makeup是后置定语，修饰everything。
2). that cannot be measured by an IQ test, ... 是定语从句，先行词是everything。当先行词是all, something, everything, anything, nothing, little, much, none, one时，人们更多喜欢用that做关系代词或省去充当宾语的that（即零关系代词）。
E.g. She has everything (that) a woman could wish for. 她拥有女人想得到的一切。
Much that has been said tonight will soon be forgotten. 今天晚上说的许多花很快就会被忘记。
【参考译文】许多人现在把情商误解为一个人性格中几乎是所有令人向往却不能用智商测试来衡量的东西，比如品格、动机、自信心、心理稳定性、乐观和“人际交往技巧”。
We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes.
1). prefer后面既可以接动词不定式也可以接动名词作宾语，没有什么区别。
E.g. Do you prefer to cook/cooking for yourself, or to eat/eating in a restaurant 你喜欢自己做饭吃，还是到饭店吃？
2). that can be used for either good or bad purposes是定语从句，先行词是skills。
. either ... or ...意为“......或者......，要么......要么......”，用来连接两个对等的部分。即既可以连接两个形式对等的词，也可以是两个短语，还可以是两个句法作用对等的分句。
E.g. You can either write or phone to request a copy. 你既可以写信也可以打电话索取一本。
I left it either on the table or in the drawer. 我不是把它丢在桌子上了，就是丢在抽屉里了。
Either you leave now or I call the police. 要么你现在离开，要么我叫警察。
【参考译文】我们更倾向于将情商描述为一套要么用于好的目的要么用于坏目的的特定的技能。
The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims.
1). while用来引导一个对比状语从句，用以比较或对比两个事实，表示两者的不同。意为“而，然而”，相当于whereas。
E.g. The first two services are free, while the third costs 35.00. 前两项服务免费，但
是第三项服务要花35英镑。
2). 主句中the ability是主语，to accurately understand how others are feeling 是定语，修饰ability，其中how others are feeling是动词understand后面的宾语从句；may be used是谓语，to find how best to help her patients是目的状语。
【参考译文】准确理解他人感受的能力可能被医生用来发现如何最好地帮助病人，而骗子可能会用它来控制潜在的受害者。
Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.
1). Being emotionally intelligent是动名词形式，在句中作主语。动名词、动词不定式或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
E.g. Being a page turner requires plenty of practice. 做一名翻页员需要足够的练习。
Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles' song "The Long and Winding Road". 去黄山让我想起了流行的披头士乐队歌曲《蜿蜒长路》。
When and where to go for the on-salary holiday has not been decided. 什么时候、到什么地方去度带薪假期还没有被决定。
2). a moral person是名词短语做宾语补足语
“make + 名词 + 名词（形容词，过去分词）”结构意为“使......成......”，其中“名词（形容词，过去分词）”做补足语。
E.g. He was recently made a full-time teacher. 他最近成了一名全职教师。
His kind words really made me happy. 他体贴的话真的让我开心。
It is difficult to make myself understood in English. 要用英语把我自己表达清楚很难。
【参考译文】情商高未必能使一个人成为有道德的人。
It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives.
. 本句中的It是形式主语，真正的主语是后面that引导的主语从句。
英语中，当动词不定式或that从句充当主语时，根据“尾重”原则，常常把它们放在句子尾部，用it做形式主语（或先行主语）。
在“It is one’s hope that...”结构中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面that引导主
语从句。
E.g. It is my hope that I can visit China again in the near future. 我希望不久的将来能再次访问中国。
It is our hope that we can live in a peaceful world. 我们希望能生活在一个和平的世界。
2). in coming decades意为“在未来几十年里”，coming是现在分词做定语，修饰decades。也可以用动词不定式形式表达：in the decades to come
E.g. All of them are getting ready for the coming test now.(=All of them are getting ready for the test to come now.) 现在他们都在为即将到来的测试做准备
3). from which to study how people manage their lives相当于定语从句from which people can study how people manage their lives。“介词+关系代词+不定式”结构可转换为“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。
E.g. The farmers use wood to build a house with which to store grains all
the year round. (=The farmers use wood to build a house with which they can store grains all the year round.) 农民们用木材建房子来全年储存谷物。
Frank’s dream was to have his own shop in which to produce the
workings of his own hands. (=Frank’s dream was to have his own shop in
which he could produce the workings of his own hands.) Frank的梦想是拥有他自己的按他自己的方式生产的门店。
【参考译文】我们希望在未来几十年内，科学的进步将为研究人们如何管理自己的生活提供的新的视角。
【答案】D B A B
【附：学案】
精 读 高 考 真 题 (四）
高考英语真题是英语学习的宝藏，精读一篇远胜过刷题十篇。相较于教材、日常习题，高考真题的语料更加新颖、更有针对性。长期精读高考真题有利于增强英语学习的信心，从而极大提高学习英语的效率。
一、真题再现
Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intelligence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person’s makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.
We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
32. What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence
A. It can be measured by an IQ test. B. It helps to exercise a person’s mind.
C. It includes a set of emotional skills. D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities.
33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2
A. To explain a rule. B. To clarify a concept.
C. To present a fact. D. To make a prediction.
34. What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence
A. Favorable. B. Intolerant. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence
A. Its appeal to the public. B. Expectations for future studies.
C. Its practical application. D. Scientists with new perspectives.
（2021年全国新高考I卷阅读理解D篇）
二、语篇导读：本文的语篇类型是______，主题语境为______。探讨了_________、______________、______________、_________________以及______________等。
三、重点单词（词性转换词、熟词生意词、超纲词）和短语
1. popularization n.
popularize vt.
popular adj.
popular beliefs
2. in some cases
3. emotional adj.
emotional intelligence
emotional skills
emotion n.
emotionally adv.
emotionally intelligent
4.misunderstand ... as ...
5.desirable adj.
desire vt.
6.makeup n.
make up
7.IQ
quotient n.
8. such as
9. people skills
10. contribute to
11.quality n.
positive qualities
12.skill-based adj.
13.describe ... as ...
14.a set of
15.the ability to do
16.accurately adv.
accurate adj.
17.cheater n.
cheat v.
18.necessarily adv.
not necessarily
19.regarding prep.
20.run( far) ahead of
21.reasonably adv.
reasonable adj.
22.publicity n.
public adj.
the public
23.employer n.
employ vt.
24.well-being n.
social well-being
25.re-evaluate vt.
evaluate vt.
26.functionality vt.
functional adj.
function n.
vi.
27.adaptively adv.
adaptive adj.
adapt v.
28.continuing adj.
continue vi.
29.scholarly adj.
scholar n.
30.in the right direction
in the direction of
31.refer to
32.prediction n.
make a prediction
predict vt.
33.favorable adj.
favor n.
34.intolerant adj.
tolerant adj.
35.doubtful adj.
doubt n.
vt.
36.unclear adj.
clear adj.
37.mainly adv.
main adj.
38.concerning prep.
concern vt.
39.application n.
practical application
apply vt.
四、关键结构和长难句
1. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person’s makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.”
1). desirable in a person’s makeup是________，修饰_________。
2). that cannot be measured by an IQ test, ... 是_______，________是everything。当先行词是all, something, everything, anything, nothing, little, much, none, one时，人们更多喜欢用that做关系代词或省去充当宾语的that（即零关系代词）。
E.g. She has everything ______a woman could wish for. 她拥有女人想得到的一切。
Much______ has been said tonight will soon be forgotten. 今天晚上说的许多花很快就会被忘记。
【翻译】________________________________________
2.We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes.
1). prefer后面既可以接________也可以接_______作宾语，没有什么区别。
E.g. Do you prefer ____ _____/________ for yourself, or _____/______ in a restaurant 你喜欢自己做饭吃，还是到饭店吃？
2). that can be used for either good or bad purposes是________，________是skills。
. either ... or ...意为_______________，用来连接两个____的部分。即既可以连接两个形式对等的____，也可以是两个_____，还可以是两个句法作用对等的_____。
E.g. You can ______ write _____ phone to request a copy. 你既可以写信也可以打电话索取一本。
I left it ______ on the table _____ in the drawer. 我不是把它丢在桌子上了，就是丢在抽屉里了。
_______you leave now_____ I call the police. 要么你现在离开，要么我叫警察。
【翻译】________________________________________
3.The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims.
1). while用来引导一个_______，用以_______，表示两者的不同。意为_______，相当于whereas。
E.g. The first two services are free, _____ the third costs 35.00. 前两项服务免费，但是第三项服务要花35英镑。
2). 主句中the ability是_____，to accurately understand how others are feeling 是_____，修饰_____，其中how others are feeling是动词understand后面的_______；may be used是_____，to find how best to help her patients是________。
【翻译】______________________________________
4.Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.
1). Being emotionally intelligent是______形式，在句中作_______。动名词、动词不定式或从句作主语时，谓语动词用_____数形式。
E.g. _______ a page turner ______ plenty of practice. 做一名翻页员需要足够的练习。
_______ to Mount Huangshan _______ me of the popular Beatles' song "The Long and Winding Road". 去黄山让我想起了流行的披头士乐队歌曲《蜿蜒长路》。
___________________ for the on-salary holiday _______ not been decided. 什么时候、到什么地方去度带薪假期还没有被决定。
2). a moral person是名词短语做_________
“make + 名词 + 名词（形容词，过去分词）”结构意为_________，其中“名词（形容词，过去分词）”做_________。
E.g. He was recently__________________. 他最近成了一名全职教师。
His kind words really _________ me _________. 他体贴的话真的让我开心。
It is difficult to ______ myself __________ in English. 要用英语把我自己表达清楚很难。
【翻译】______________________________
5.It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives.
. 本句中的It是__________，真正的主语是后面______引导的______。
英语中，当动词不定式或that从句充当主语时，根据_______原则，常常把它们放在句子尾部，用______做形式主语（或先行主语）。
在“It is one’s hope that...”结构中，it是_______，真正的主语是后面_____________。
E.g. _____________ I can visit China again in the near future. 我希望不久的将来能再次访问中国。
______________ we can live in a peaceful world. 我们希望能生活在一个和平的世界。
2). in coming decades意为“在未来几十年里”，coming是_______做___，修饰_______。也可以用动词不定式形式表达：in the decades ____ _______
E.g. All of them are getting ready for the ________test now.(=All of them are getting ready for the test____ _______ now.) 现在他们都在为即将到来的测试做准备
3). from which to study how people manage their lives相当于________from which people ________ how people manage their lives。“介词+关系代词+不定式”结构可转换为“介词+关系代词”引导的________。
E.g. The farmers use wood to build a house ______ ______ _____ _____ grains all the year round. (=The farmers use wood to build a house _____ _______ ______ _______ ________ grains all the year round.) 农民们用木材建房子来全年储存谷物。
Frank’s dream was to have his own shop ______ ______ _______ ______ the workings of his own hands. (=Frank’s dream was to have his own shop _______ _____ ______ _____ _______ the workings of his own hands.) Frank的梦想是拥有他自己的按他自己的方式生产的门店。
【参考译文】我们希望在未来几十年内，科学的进步将为研究人们如何管理自己的生活提供的新的视角。
【答案】D B A B精 读 高 考 真 题 (六）
高考英语真题是英语学习的宝藏，精读一篇远胜过刷题十篇。相较于教材、日常习题，高考真题的语料更加新颖、更有针对性。长期精读高考真题有利于增强英语学习的信心，从而极大提高学习英语的效率。
一、真题再现
My husband and I just spent a week in Paris. 36 So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard. It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway.
The place wasn’t entirely authentic, though. Unlike a normal Parisian apartment, the plumbing (水管) worked. 37 Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said, “Ouverture des portes,” in perfect French. That is the only French phrase I mastered, and it’s a shame I don’t have much use for it.
Parisians are different from you and me. They never look lazy or untidy. As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight. 38 French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.
39 On our first morning in Paris, I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries. I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon. My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18!
In France, quality of life is much more important than efficiency (效率). You can tell this by cafés life. French cafés are always crowded. 40 When do these people work The French take their 35-hour workweek seriously --- so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call.
A. Not all the customers are tourists.
B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E. That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F. Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
G. The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy.
（2021年全国新高考I卷七选五）
二、语篇导读：本文的语篇类型是记叙文，主题语境为人与社会。主要介绍了一对夫妻在巴黎花了一周时间，体验了当地生活的经过。
三、重点单词（词性转换词、熟词生意词、超纲词）和短语
1. fantastically adv. 难以置信地
fantastical adj. 难以置信的，异想天开的（相当于fantastic）
sixth-floor adj. 六层的（合成词）
hallway n. 走廊，过道; 门厅（合成词）
though adv. （置于句末或插入句中）不过，可是，然而（熟词生义）
Parisian adj. 巴黎的，巴黎人的，巴黎式的（-an/-ian接名词之后构成形容词，表示“......的”、“与......有关的”、“......风格的”、“有......特征的”）
Paris n. 巴黎（法国首都）
have use for 使用......，用到......
have no use for 不使用......，用不到......
untidy adj. 不整齐的，凌乱的
tidy adj. 整洁的;整齐的
gain weigh 增加体重，发胖
lose weight 减轻体重，减肥
great food 美食
cardboard n. 硬纸板；卡纸板（合成词）
groceries n （pl.)食品杂货类，杂货
pick up some groceries 买一些杂货
a handful of 一把，少数的，少量的
perfectly adv. 完美地，非常
perfect adj. 完美的，极好的
tell ... by/from ... 从......看出......，从......辨别出......，从......区分出......
crowded adj. 拥挤的（分词形容词）
crowd vt. 拥挤，群聚
seriously adv. 严肃地，认真地
take ... seriously 认真对待......，重视......，对......较真
serious adj. 认真的，严肃的
labor unions 公会
strike vt. 敲定（合同、交易等），制定、达成（协议）
strike a deal (with...) （与......达成协议）
contractor n. 订约人，（工程的）承包商（-or 接在动词后构成名词，表示“做......的人（或物）
independent contractors 独立承包商
contract v. 订合同，立约承包
on/at call 随叫随到的，随时待命的
equally adv. 相等地，同样地
equal adj. 同样的，相等的
in some way 以某种方式，在某种程度上
四、关键结构和长难句
1. So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard.
. rent为省去了to的动词不定式形式。在主语部分含有动词do时，充当表语的动词不定式往往省略动词不定式符号to。
E.g. The only thing to do now is go on. 现在唯一能做的事就是继续前进。
The best thing you can do now is write her an apology. 你现在能做的最恰当的事，
就是给她写一份道歉。
All you do now is complete the form. 你现在要做的只是把表填好。
What I did was learn the language. 我所做的事就是学习语言。
2). the size of a cupboard为brains的后置定语，等于that was about the size of a cupboard。
E.g. These animals have brains the size of a football. = These animals have brains
that are (about) the size of a football. 这些动物有足球场那么大的大脑。
【参考译文】所以我们做的第一件事就是租了一间贵得难以置信的、位于六楼的、只有橱柜那么大的公寓。
That is the only French phrase I mastered, and it’s a shame I don’t have much use for it.
1). 句中的I mastered是定语从句，省略了关系代词that。当先行词前only，all，any，few，little，no，one of等修饰语时，关系词通常用that或省略作宾语的that。
E.g. That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do. 那不是法国人吃的比
我们少的唯一的原因。
The only thing that impresses me is her directness. 唯一给我留下深刻印象的是
她的直接。
. “It’s a shame(that)... ”结构，意为“很遗憾......”。It是形式主语（或先行主语），正真的主语是后面that引导的主语从句，that有时会省略。类似的句型还有It’s a pity (that)...，It’s a surprise (that)...等。
E.g. It’s a shame (that) she can’t understand English. 很遗憾她不懂英语。
It is a shame that so many people hate her. 很遗憾如此多的人讨厌她。
【参考译文】这是我掌握的唯一的法语短语，很遗憾我不怎么使用它。
As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight.
as是关系代词，引导一个非限制性定语从句，代表they eat great food and never gain weight整个主句。当as用作关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句时，它代表的一般不是某个具体的名词或代词，而是代表整个主句或主句的一部分。这时从句可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，甚至可以插入主句中间。
E.g. As I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting. 正如我在电话里所解释的那样，在下次会上将考虑你的请求。
There is no simple answer, as is often the case in science. 没有简单的答案，
这在科学上是经常的事。
The air quality in the city, as is shown in the report, has improved over the
past two months. 就像报告中显示的那样，城市里的空气质量在过去的令个月里已经改善
了。
但是，当as引导的非限制性定语从句位于具有否定有意义的主句之后或插入中间时，as从句所修饰的内容不包括否定意义。
E.g. Greenland was not a continent,as people thought. 格陵兰并不像人们所想象的那样是一个大陆。
The facts of science are not, as some think, dry and lifeless. 科学事实并不像有些人所想的那样枯燥无味和没有生命力。
【参考译文】正如几周前有人在这篇文章中指出的那样，他们吃美食，而且从不发胖。
My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten.
句中we had ever eaten是一个定语从句，fruit是先行词，省略了关系代词that。当先行词有最高级形容词或序数词以及last, next, only等修饰时，关系代词大都用that。
E.g. This is the best film that has been shown this year. 这是今年上映过的最好的电影。
【参考译文】我丈夫和我都认为这是我们吃过的最好的水果。
The French take their 35-hour workweek seriously --- so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call.
1). limiting...是现在分词短语做后置定语，修饰前面的名词deal。
E.g. On receiving a phone call from his wife saying she had a fall, Mr Gordon immediately rushed home from office. 一接到妻子说她摔倒的的电话，Gordon先生就立刻从办公室赶回了家。
2). that independent contractors can be on call是定语从句，先行词是hours。that用作关系关系副词，代替when，可以省略。
E.g. That was the year (that) I first went abroad. 那是我第一次出国的那一年。
I’ll never forget the day (that) we first met. 我永运忘不了我们第一次见面的那一天。
【参考译文】法国人非常重视每周35小时的工时，以至于一些工会最近与一批公司达成协议，限制独立承包商随叫随到的时间。
【答案】F C G E A
【附：学案】
精 读 高 考 真 题 (六）
高考英语真题是英语学习的宝藏，精读一篇远胜过刷题十篇。相较于教材、日常习题，高考真题的语料更加新颖、更有针对性。长期精读高考真题有利于增强英语学习的信心，从而极大提高学习英语的效率。
一、真题再现
My husband and I just spent a week in Paris. 36 So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard. It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway.
The place wasn’t entirely authentic, though. Unlike a normal Parisian apartment, the plumbing (水管) worked. 37 Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said, “Ouverture des portes,” in perfect French. That is the only French phrase I mastered, and it’s a shame I don’t have much use for it.
Parisians are different from you and me. They never look lazy or untidy. As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight. 38 French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.
39 On our first morning in Paris, I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries. I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon. My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18!
In France, quality of life is much more important than efficiency (效率). You can tell this by cafés life. French cafés are always crowded. 40 When do these people work The French take their 35-hour workweek seriously --- so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call.
A. Not all the customers are tourists.
B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E. That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F. Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
G. The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy.
（2021年全国新高考I卷七选五）
二、语篇导读：本文的语篇类型是_______，主题语境_______。主要介绍了一__________________________________________________________。
三、重点单词（词性转换词、熟词生意词、超纲词）和短语
1. fantastically adv.
fantastical adj.
sixth-floor adj.
hallway n.
though adv.
Parisian adj.
Paris n.
have use for
have no use for
untidy adj.
tidy adj.
gain weigh
lose weight
great food
cardboard n.
groceries n
pick up some groceries
a handful of
perfectly adv.
perfect adj.
tell ... by/from ...
crowded adj.
crowd vt.
seriously adv.
take ... seriously
serious adj.
labor unions
strike vt.
strike a deal (with...)
contractor n.
independent contractors
contract v.
on/at call
equally adv.
equal adj.
in some way
四、关键结构和长难句
1. So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard.
1). rent是省去了to的___________形式。在主语部分含有动词____时，充当_____的动词不定式往往省略动词不定式符号______。
E.g. The only thing to do now is ____________. 现在唯一能做的事就是继续前进。
The best thing you can do now is __________ her an apology. 你现在能做的最
恰当的事，就是给她写一份道歉。
All you do now is ________ the form. 你现在要做的只是把表填好。
What I did was ________ the language. 我所做的事就是学习语言。
2). the size of a cupboard为brains的__________，等于that was (about) the size of a cupboard。
E.g. These animals have brains the size of a football. = These animals have brains
__________________the size of a football. 这些动物有足球场那么大的大脑。
【翻译】所以我们做的第一件事就是租了一间贵得难以置信的、位于六楼的、只有橱柜那么大的公寓。
That is the only French phrase I mastered, and it’s a shame I don’t have much use for it.
1). 句中的I mastered是________，省略了___________。当先行词前only，all，any，few，little，no，one of等修饰语时，关系词通常用_______或__________。
E.g. That’s not the only reason ___________ the French eat less than we do. 那不
是法国人吃的比我们少的唯一的原因。
The only thing___________impresses me is her directness. 唯一给我留下深
刻印象的是她的直接。
. “It’s a shame(that)... ”结构，意为_________。It是________（或先行主语），
___________是后面that引导的________从句，that有时会省略。类似的句型还有It’s a pity (that)...，It’s a surprise (that)...等。
E.g. ____________________he can’t understand English. 很遗憾她不懂英语。
______________________so many people hate her. 很遗憾如此多的人讨厌她。
【翻译】这是我掌握的唯一的法语短语，很遗憾我不怎么使用它。
As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight.
as是________，引导一个__________________，代表they eat great food and never gain weight整个主句。当as用作关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句时，它代表的一般不是某个具体的名词或代词，而是代表__________或____________。这时从句可放在主句_______，也可放在主句_____，甚至可以__________________。
E.g. ________________________, your request will be considered at the next meeting. 正如我在电话里所解释的那样，在下次会上将考虑你的请求。
There is no simple answer, ________________________. 没有简单的答
案，这在科学上是经常的事。
The air quality in the city, ______________________, has improved over
the past two months. 就像报告中显示的那样，城市里的空气质量在过去的令个月里已经
改善了。
但是，当as引导的非限制性定语从句位于具有否定有意义的主句之后或插入中间时，as从句所修饰的内容不包括否定意义。
E.g. Greenland was not a continent,__________________. 格陵兰并不像人们所想象的那样是一个大陆。
The facts of science are not, ___________________, dry and lifeless. 科学事实并不像有些人所想的那样枯燥无味和没有生命力。
【翻译】正如几周前有人在这篇文章中指出的那样，他们吃美食，而且从不发胖。
My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten.
句中we had ever eaten是一个_________，fruit是_________，省略了________。当先行词有最高级形容词或序数词以及last, next, only等修饰时，关系代词大都用_____。
E.g. This is the best film ______has been shown this year. 这是今年上映过的最好的电影。
【翻译】我丈夫和我都认为这是我们吃过的最好的水果。
The French take their 35-hour workweek seriously --- so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call.
1). limiting...是现在分词短语做___________，修饰前面的名词________。
E.g. On receiving a phone call from his wife __________she had a fall, Mr Gordon immediately rushed home from office. 一接到妻子说她摔倒的的电话，Gordon先生就立刻从办公室赶回了家。
2). that independent contractors can be on call是__________，先行词是_________。that用作____________，代替__________，可以省略。
E.g. That was the year _________I first went abroad. 那是我第一次出国的那一年。
I’ll never forget the day________we first met. 我永运忘不了我们第一次见面的那一天。
【翻译】法国人非常重视每周35小时的工时，以至于一些工会最近与一批公司达成协议，限制独立承包商随叫随到的时间。精 读 高 考 真 题 (三）
高考英语真题是英语学习的宝藏，精读一篇远胜过刷题十篇。相较于教材、日常习题，高考真题的语料更加新颖、更有针对性。长期精读高考真题有利于增强英语学习的信心，从而极大提高学习英语的效率。
一、真题再现
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsman. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat (栖息地).
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory (迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System --- a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
28. What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America
A. Loss of wetlands. B. Popularity of water sports.
C. Pollution of rivers. D. Arrival of other wild animals.
29. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph
A. Acquire. B. Export. C. Destroy. D. Distribute.
30. What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934
A. The stamp price has gone down. B. The migratory birds have flown away.
C. The hunters have stopped hunting. D. The government has collected money.
31. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A. The Federal Duck Stamp Story B. The National Wildlife Refuge System
C. The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl D. The History of Migratory Bird Hunting
（2021年全国新高考I卷阅读理解C篇）
二、语篇导读 本文的语篇类型是说明文，主题语境为人与自然。介绍了联邦鸭邮票的由来，包括鸭邮票产生的背景和目的，以及所带来的结果。
三、重点单词（词性转换词、熟词生意词、超纲词）和短语
explorer n. 探险家，探险者（-er接在动词之后构成名词，表示“做......的人”、“供做......的物”）
explore vt. 探险，探测
set foot upon/on 进入，踏上
astonishing 令人惊讶的，非常惊人的（分词形容词）
astonish vt. 使惊讶，使吃惊
a variety of 各种各样的，各种不同的
take care of 照顾、照料、爱护，注意
resource n. 资源
wisely adv. 明智地，精明地
wise adj. 聪明的，明智的，英明的
unfortunately adv. （修饰全句）不幸地，不幸地，遗憾地
unfortunate adj. 不幸的，运气不好的（un- 置于形容词、副词或某名词之前，表示“不”、“无”、“非”）
fortunate adj. 幸运的，侥幸的
decimate vt. 大量毁灭，大批杀死（某地区的动物、植物或人）（课标外词）
a large part of 很大一部分（后面既可以接可数名词可以不可数名词）
millions of 数百万的
handful n. 一把（的量）（-ful构成名词，表示“满......（的量）”）
a handful of 少数的，少量的
overly adv. 过度地，过于
over adj. 过多的，过度的
house vt. 为…提供房屋（或住所）（名词转动词）
ever-increasing adj. 不断增加的（合成词）
passage (u)n. （议案等的）通过（熟词生义）
increasingly adv. 不断增加地，越来越多地
increasing adj. 逐渐增加的，越来越多的
increase v. 增加
concerned adj. 关注的，担心的（分词形容词）
concern vt. 使担心，使不安
destruction n. 破坏，毁灭（-ion构成名词，表示“行为”、“结果”或“状态”）
destruct v. 破坏
be vital to 对......至关重要
annually adv. 一年一次地，每年
annual adj. 一年一次的，每年的
cartoonist n. 漫画家（-ist构成名词，表示“......的人”、“......家”、“......主义者”）
cartoon n. 动画片、卡通，漫画
at that time 当时
appoint sb. as 委任某人做......
bureau n. （政府或组织机构的）局，所，司，处，属
bureaucratic adj. 官僚的（-cratic 构成形容词）
biological adj. 生物的，生物学的（-ical构成形容词，表示“......的”、“有关......的”、“......性质的”）
biology n. 生物学
survey n. 调查，民意测验
ensure vt. 保证，确保，担保（en-接在形容词、名词之前，表示“使成为......”）
sure adj. 确信，肯定的，有把握的
directly adv. 直接地
direct adj. 直接的
inclusion (u)n. 包含，包括（-sion构成名词，表示“行为”、“结果”或“状态”）
include vt. 包括，包含
refuge (u)n. 庇护；避难（课标外词）
be available for/to 于......可利用的、有帮助的
billion n. 十亿
half a billion 五亿
initiate vt. 开始，发起，创始
initiative n. （C）倡议，（U）主动性（-ive 构成名词，表示“具有......性质”、“有......倾向”）
popularity n. 受欢迎，普及，流行（-ity 接在形容词后构成名词，表示“......性质”、“......状态”）
popular adj. 流行的，大众的，受欢迎的
go down （价格、水平或数量）下降，下跌
fly away 飞离，飞走
四、关键结构和长难句
1. When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife.
介词with用以表示附带状况，可译为“在......情况下”，“随着”，“因为、由于”等。
E.g. However, with this introduction,it ispossible to understand the advantages and
disadvantages of the process. 然而通过本介绍，了解这种工艺的优缺点仍是可能的。
【参考译文】当探险家们第一次踏上北美洲大陆的时候，因为有各种各样的野生动物
天空和大地上充满了生机。
Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources.
句中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是to decimate a large part of these resources；take表示“花费、占用（时间、钱、精力等）”；the explorers and the settlers who followed是间接宾语，only a few decades是直接宾语。可改为：Unfortunately, it took only a few decades for the explorers and the settlers who followed to decimate a large part of these resources.或Unfortunately, the explorers and the settlers who followed took only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources.
在“It takes/took sb/sth ... + 动词不定式”结构中，It是形式主语，真正的主语是后
面的动词不定式。可改为“It takes/took ... for sb/sth +动词不定式”结构或“sb/sth takes/took ... + 动词不定式”结构。
E.g. It took about a dozen students almost five hours to write down the names of 1,622 US soldiers who have died in Iraq. 十几位学生花了近五个钟头，才把1622名死在伊拉克的美国军人的名字写下来。（=It took almost five hours for about a dozen students to write down the names of 1,622 US soldiers who have died in Iraq.或About a dozen students took almost five hours to write down the names of 1,622 US soldiers who have died in Iraq.）
It took the Unites States 139 years to get to 100 million people. 美国用了139年才达到一亿人口。（=It took 139 years for the Unites States to get to 100 million people.或The Unites States took 139 years to get to 100 million people.）
It took her a long time to feel comfortable in her new school. 他过了很久，才在新学校里感到舒服。（=It took a long time for her to feel comfortable in her new school.或She took a long time to feel comfortable in her new school.）
Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.
. to feed and house the ever-increasing populations是动词不定式做状语，表目的。
. greatly reducing waterfowl habitat是一个现在分词短语做状语，表示结果，其逻辑主语是前面Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations这件事。相当于一个which引导的非限制性定语从句：which greatly reduced ...。
E.g. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine
their relationship to single-use plastic products. 他用塑料垃圾建造巨大的雕塑，迫使观
众重新审视他们与一次性塑料产品的关系。（= He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, which forced viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.）
More highways have been built in China, making it much easier for people to travel
form one place to another. 更多的高速公路已在中国被建成，这使得人们从一地到另一地更加容易。（= More highways have been built in China, which makes it much easier for people to travel form one place to another.）
【参考译文】数百万英亩的湿地被抽干来解决不断增长的人口的吃与住，这极大地减少了水禽的栖息地。
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival.
1). take action to do 采取行动做某事
E.g. The police had take action to deal with the riots. 警方不得不采取果断的行动来对付骚乱。
2). so vital to their survival是后置定语，修饰前面的wetlands。相当于一个定语从句：which were so vital to their survival。
【参考译文】1934年，随着《候鸟狩猎鸭票法案》的通过，越来越关注的国家采取了坚决的行动来制止对迁徙的水禽以及对它们的生存至关重要的湿地的破坏。
The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey.
1). very常用在first, last或形容词最高级前，起强化语的作用。
E.g. The very first thing you must do is ring the police. 你必须做的第一件事就是给警察打电话。
They arrived only at the very last moment. 他们在最后一刻才到。
2). a political cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa是 J.N. “Ding” Darling的同位语，起具体说明的作用。
3). who引导一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是 J.N. “Ding” Darling，在从句中做主语。
E.g. Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, who, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society. 艾伦是一个画鸟和自然的画家，由于某种原因，他远离了整个人类社会。
【参考译文】第一张联邦鸭子邮票是由J.N.“丁”达林设计的，他是一位来自洛瓦州得梅因的政治漫画家，当时被富兰克林·罗斯福总统任命为生物调查局局长。
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System --- a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come.
1). a fact是the National Wildlife Refuge System的同位语；that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come是定语从句，先行词是fact，在从句中作主语。
2). 动词不定式to come是后置定语，修饰generations。也可以用现在分词形式表达：all coming generations。
E.g. Perhaps in the years to come we will meet again.（=Perhaps in the coming years we will meet again.） 也许未来几年我们还会见面的。
【参考译文】每枚鸭票中约98美分直接进入候鸟保护基金会，用于购买湿地和野生动物栖息地，纳入国家野生动物庇护系统——这样确保了这片土地得到保护，并对未来所有的后代共同有所帮助。
Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
1). Little wonder... 是It’s little wonder that...的省略。It’s no (little,small) wonder(that)... 意为“......并不奇怪”，“......不足为怪”
E.g. It’s no wonder (that) he failed the exam; he didn’t study at all. 他考不及格不奇怪，他根本就没学。
No wonder (that) you turned down the offer. The conditions were no good. 难怪你拒绝了那个工作机会。条件一点也不好。
2). ever initiated是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰programs，相当于定语从句which had ever been initiated。
E.g. Mrs. White showed her student some old maps borrowed from the library. 怀特夫人像学生们展示了一些从图书馆借来的老地图。（... which had been borrowed...）
【参考译文】难怪联邦鸭票计划被称为有史以来最成功的保护计划之一。
【答案】A C D A
【附：学案】
精 读 高 考 真 题 (三）
高考英语真题是英语学习的宝藏，精读一篇远胜过刷题十篇。相较于教材、日常习题，高考真题的语料更加新颖、更有针对性。长期精读高考真题有利于增强英语学习的信心，从而极大提高学习英语的效率。
一、真题再现
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsman. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat (栖息地).
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory (迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System --- a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
28. What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America
A. Loss of wetlands. B. Popularity of water sports.
C. Pollution of rivers. D. Arrival of other wild animals.
29. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph
A. Acquire. B. Export. C. Destroy. D. Distribute.
30. What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934
A. The stamp price has gone down. B. The migratory birds have flown away.
C. The hunters have stopped hunting. D. The government has collected money.
31. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A. The Federal Duck Stamp Story B. The National Wildlife Refuge System
C. The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl D. The History of Migratory Bird Hunting
（2021年全国新高考I卷阅读理解C篇）
二、语篇导读 本文的语篇类型是说明文，主题语境为人与自然。介绍了联邦鸭邮票的由来，包括鸭邮票产生的背景和目的，以及所带来的结果。
重点单词（词性转换词、熟词生意词、超纲词）和短语
1.explorer n.
explore vt.
2.set foot upon/on
3.astonishing
astonish vt.
4.a variety of
5.take care of
6.resource n.
7.wisely adv.
wise adj.
8.unfortunately adv.
unfortunate adj.
fortunate adj.
9.decimate vt.
10.a large part of
11.millions of
12.handful n.
a handful of
13.overly adv.
over adj.
14.house vt.
15.ever-increasing adj.
16.passage (u)n.
17.increasingly adv.
increasing adj.
increase v.
18.concerned adj.
concern vt.
19.destruction n.
destruct v.
20.be vital to
21.annually adv.
annual adj.
22.cartoonist n.
cartoon n.
23.at that time
24.appoint sb. as
25.bureau n.
bureaucratic adj.
26.biological adj.
biology n.
27.survey n.
28.ensure vt.
sure adj.
29.directly adv.
direct adj.
30.inclusion (u)n.
include vt.
31.refuge (u)n.
32.be available for/to
33.billion n.
half a billion
34.initiate vt.
initiative n.
35.popularity n.
popular adj.
36.go down
37.fly away
四、关键结构和长难句
1. When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife.
介词with用以表示附带状况，可译为___________，______，________等。
E.g.However, ________ this introduction,it ispossible to understand the advantages and disadvantages of the process. 然而通过本介绍，了解这种工艺的优缺点仍是可能的。
【译文】________________________________________________________。
2.Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources.
句中的it是__________，___________是to decimate a large part of these resources；take表示____________________；the explorers and the settlers who followed是____宾语，only a few decades是_______宾语。可改为：Unfortunately, _____________only a few decades _______ the explorers and the settlers who followed________________ a large part of these resources.或Unfortunately, the explorers and the settlers who followed________ only a few decades____________ a large part of these resources.
在“It takes/took sb/sth ... + 动词不定式”结构中，It是______主语，______主语
是后面的动词不定式。可改为“It takes/took ... _________+动词不定式”结构或“__________takes/took ... + 动词不定式”结构。
E.g. _____________ about a dozen students almost five hours _________ the names of 1,622 US soldiers who have died in Iraq. 十几位学生花了近五个钟头，才把1622名死在伊拉克的美国军人的名字写下来。（=__________ almost five hours _____about a dozen students _____________ the names of 1,622 US soldiers who have died in Iraq.或About a dozen students _________ almost five hours _________________ the names of 1,622 US soldiers who have died in Iraq.）
___________ the Unites States 139 years ____________ 100 million people. 美国用了139年才达到一亿人口。（=____________ 139 years ________ the Unites States ________________ 100 million people.或The Unites States __________ 139 years _____________________ 100 million people.）
_____________ her a long time ___________ comfortable in her new school. 他过了很久，才在新学校里感到舒服。（=______________ a long time ______ her ____________ comfortable in her new school.或She __________ a long time____________ comfortable in her new school.）
【译文】__________________________________________________。
3.Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.
1). to feed and house the ever-increasing populations是动词不定式做________，表_______。
2). greatly reducing waterfowl habitat是一个___________做_______，表示_______，其___________是前面Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations这件事。相当于一个________引导的______________：__________ greatly __________ ...。
E.g. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, __________ viewers to
re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products. 他用塑料垃圾建造巨大的雕塑，迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料产品的关系。（= He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage , ______________ viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.）
More highways have been built in China, ________ it much easier for people to
travel form one place to another. 更多的高速公路已在中国被建成，这使得人们从一地到另一地更加容易。（= More highways have been built in China , ___________ it much easier for people to travel form one place to another.）
【译文】_______________________________________________________。
4.In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival.
1). take action to do 采取行动做某事
E.g. The police had_____________________ the riots. 警方不得不采取果断的行动来对付骚乱。
2). so vital to their survival是__________，修饰前面的__________。相当于一个___________：_____________so vital to their survival。
【译文】______________________________________________________。
5.The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey.
1). very常用在______, _______或__________________前，起__________的作用。
E.g. _______________ thing you must do is ring the police. 你必须做的第一件事就是给警察打电话。
They arrived only at _______________ moment. 他们在最后一刻才到。
2). a political cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa是 J.N. “Ding” Darling的_______，起____________的作用。
3). who引导一个_____________，________是 J.N. “Ding” Darling，在从句中做_____________。
E.g. Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, ________, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society. 艾伦是一个画鸟和自然的画家，由于某种原因，他远离了整个人类社会。
【译文】_______________________________________________________。
6.About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System --- a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come.
1). a fact是the National Wildlife Refuge System的_________；that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come是_________，_______是fact，在从句中作_________。
2). 动词不定式to come是_________，修饰____________。也可以用现在分词形式表达：all ___________ generations。
E.g. Perhaps in the years___________ we will meet again.（=Perhaps in the ___________ years we will meet again.） 也许未来几年我们还会见面的。
【译文】_______________________________________________________。
7.Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
1). Little wonder... 是______ little wonder ________...的省略。It’s no (little,small) wonder(that)... 意为_______________________
E.g. ___________________he failed the exam; he didn’t study at all. 他考不及格不奇怪，他根本就没学。
_______________ you turned down the offer. The conditions were no good. 难怪你拒绝了那个工作机会。条件一点也不好。
2). ever initiated是______________作_____________，修饰______，相当于定语从句____________ ever ______________。
E.g. Mrs. White showed her student some old maps ____________ from the library. 怀特夫人像学生们展示了一些从图书馆借来的老地图。（Mrs. White showed her student some old maps ________________ from the library）
【译文】__________________________________________________。精 读 高 考 真 题 (二）
高考英语真题是英语学习的宝藏，精读一篇远胜过刷题十篇。相较于教材、日常习题，高考真题的语料更加新颖、更有针对性。长期精读高考真题有利于增强英语学习的信心，从而极大提高学习英语的效率。
一、真题再现
By day, Robert Titterton is a lawyer. In his spare time though he goes on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopova --- not as a musician but as her page turner. “I’m not a trained musician, but I’ve learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance.”
Mr. Titterton is chairman of the Omega Ensemble but has been the group’s official page turner for the past four years. His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn’t have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves. He said he became just as nervous as those playing instruments on stage.
“A lot of skills are needed for the job. You have to make sure you don’t turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot.” Mr. Titterton explained.
Being a page turner requires plenty of practice. Some pieces of music can go for 40 minutes and required up to 50 page turns, including back turns for repeat passages. Silent onstage communication is key, and each pianist has their own style of “nodding” to indicate a page turn which they need to practice with their page turner.
But like all performances, there are moments when things go wrong. “I was turning the page to get ready for the next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand,” Mr. Titterton said, “Luckily I was able to catch them and put them back.”
Most page turners are piano students or up-and-coming concert pianists, although Mr. Raspopova has once asked her husband to help her out on stage.
“My husband is the worst page turner,” she laughed. “He’s interested in the music, feeling every note, and I have to say: ‘Turn, turn!’ “Robert is the best page turner I’ve had in my entire life.”
What should Titterton be able to do to be a page turner
A. Read music. B. Play the piano.
C. Sing songs. D. Fix the instruments.
25. Which of the following best describes Titterton’s job on stage
A. Boring. B. Well-paid. C. Demanding. D. Dangerous.
26. What does Titterton need to practice
A. Counting the pages. B. Recognizing the “nodding”.
C. Catching falling objects. D. Performing in his own style.
27. Why is Ms. Raspopova’s husband “the worse page turner”
A. He has very poor eyesight. B. He ignores the audience.
C. He has no interest in music. D. He forgets to do his job.
（2021年全国新高考I卷阅读理解B篇）
二、语篇导读 本文的语篇类型是记叙文，主题语境为人与社会。主要介绍了律师Robert Titterton在钢琴家Maria Raspopova旁担任翻页者的工作经历。
三、重点单词（词性转换词、熟词生意词、超纲词）和短语
by day 白天，日间
spare time 业余时间，闲暇
on stage 在舞台上
go on stage 上舞台，上场
onstage adj. 舞台上的
trained adj. 训练过的，受过训练的（分词形容词）
train vt. 训练，培养
read vt. 识读，读懂（乐谱、地图等）（熟词生义）
read music 读乐谱， 识乐谱
score n. 曲谱、总谱，（电影、戏曲的）配乐（熟词生义）
play instruments on stage 在台上演奏乐器
fix the instruments 修理乐器
flow n. 连贯，流畅（熟词生义）
break the flow of 打破......的流畅性
make sure 确保，设法保证
at once 一次，同时
repeat n.（音乐的）反复部分，反复记号（熟词生义）
spot n. （乐曲的）部分，位置（熟词生义）
go back to the right spot 回到正确的部分
plenty of practice 需要足够道德练习
a piece of music 一首乐曲
some pieces of music 有些乐曲
passage n. （音乐）乐段（熟词生义）
repeat passages 重复乐段
go for 40 minutes 持续40分钟
up to （数量上）多达
turn n. 翻动，转动（动词转名词）
back turns 回翻
a page turn 翻页
get ready for 为......做好准备
draft n. 穿堂风，通风（相当于draught）（熟词生义）
draft wind 穿堂风，气流
fall off ... 从......落下
stand n. （供放置物品的）架、台（熟词生义）
up-and-coming adj. 有前途的，积极进取的
help sb. out (with sth.) （在......方面）帮助、协助某人
interested adj. 感兴趣的（分词形容词）
be interested in 对......感兴趣
interest vt. 使感兴趣 n. 兴趣
have (no) interest in 对......（不）感兴趣
demanding adj. 要求高的（分词形容词）
demand v 要求，需要
falling adj. 落下的，下降的（分词形容词）
falling objects 在坠落的物体
fall vi. 落下，倒下，下降
in one’s own style 以某人自己的风格
have poor eyesight 视力差
四、关键结构和长难句
1. In his spare time though he goes on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopova --- not as a musician but as her page turner.
1).though用作副词，意为“不过，可是，然而”，置于句末或插入句中。
E.g. The place wasn’t entirely authentic, though. 不过，这个地方不完全是地道正宗的。
Not so smoothly as I hoped, though. 不过，没有我希望的那么顺利。
2). not ... but ... 意为“不是......而是......”，用来连接两个并列结构。类似的还有never ... but ...，hardly ... but ...等。
E.g. It is not who you are or what background you have but what you can do
for others that is of great value. 有价值的不是你是谁或有什么背景，而是你能为别人做什么。
He never pushed the hat to one side of his head,but wore it straight. 他从不把帽子戴歪在一边，而总是端端正正的带着。
【参考译文】不过，在业余时间，他与钢琴家玛丽亚·拉斯波波娃一起登上舞台并肩演出—－不是作为音乐家，而是作为她的乐谱翻页者。
2. His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn’t have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves.
1). 整个句子是连词so连接的并列句，so意为“因此，所以，因而”等。
E.g. Everyone in the town knew him, so we had no trouble finding his house. 镇上谁都认识他，所以我们毫不费力就找到了他家。
2). “be to + 动词原形”结构用以表示“计划或安排”，过去时为was/were to do表示过去的“计划、安排”。这是其最常见的用法。
E.g. The Prime Minister is to visit Budapest. 首相将访问布达佩斯。
In a room above the store, where a party was to be held , some workers were busily setting the table 在店铺上面的一个房间里，一些工人正在忙着摆桌子，那里将举行
一场聚会。
be to do结构也可以表示“指示、命令或要求”等，通常可译为“应当”、“必须”
E.g. No one is to leave the building. 谁也不得离开这栋楼房。
It is to be noted that the machine should be maintained regularly. 必须注意，机器应该定期维修。
be to do结构还可以表示“可能”
E.g. Such books are to be found in the library. 这样的书能在图书管理找到。
be to do结构也常用在条件句中
E.g. In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they are to survive. 在这么干燥的天气里，这些花要想活过来，就得浇水。
be to do结构还可以表示“不可避免”或“注定发生”
E.g. Your plan is to be a failure. 你的计划注定失败。
有专家把be to看成是表“情态”的短语，即“情态习语”或“情态助动词”
【参考译文】他的工作是坐在钢琴家旁边翻阅乐谱，这样音乐家就不必自己动手而破坏音乐的连贯性。
He said he became just as nervous as those playing instruments on stage.
playing instruments on stage是现在分词短语做后置定语，修饰those，其逻辑主语就是those。相当于定语从句who were playing instruments on stage。现在分词形式用作定语时，被修饰词就是其逻辑主语。单个的现在分词作定语时，一般置于所修饰词的前面；现在分词短语作定语时，置于所修饰词之后。
E.g. The sleeping boy must be dreaming for he is smiling.（相当于The boy who is sleeping must be dreaming for he is smiling.） 那个睡觉的男孩一定在做梦，他在笑呢。
This is the path leading to our school.（相当于This is the path which leads to our school.） 这是通往我们学校的那条道。
【参考译文】他说他变得就和舞台上那些演奏乐器的人一样紧张。
You have to make sure you don’t turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot.
句中and并列了两个make sure，you don’t turn two pages at once是第一个make sure后面的宾语从句，省去了连词that；you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot是第二个make sure后面的宾语从句，也省去了连词that，这个宾语从句中还有一个when引导的时间状语从句。
【参考译文】你得确保不要一次翻两页。当你得回到适当部分的时候，要确保能看到音乐中的反复标记。
Silent onstage communication is key, and each pianist has their own style of “nodding” to indicate a page turn which they need to practice with their page turner.
1). 本句是and连接的并列句。
2). 动词不定式to indicate...作动词nod的目的状语。
E.g. Group activities will be organized after class to help children develop team spirit. 课后组织小组活动唻帮助孩子们培养团队精神。
3). which they need to practice with their page turner是一个定语从句，which代替先行词style(of “nodding” to indicate a page turn)在从句中做practice的宾语。
E.g. I borrow the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week，which my
classmates recommended to me. 上周我从图书馆借了《福尔摩斯》，这是我的同学推荐给我的。
We'll reach the sales targets in a month which we set at the beginning of the year. 再有一个月就能完成年初制订的销售目标。
【参考译文】台上的无声的交流很关键，每个钢琴家都有自己的“点头”来示意翻页的风格，他们需要和他们的翻页师练习。
But like all performances, there are moments when things go wrong.
1). when things go wrong是关系副词when引导的定语从句，先行词moments。
2). go wrong意为“出错”，“出问题”。这里go用作表示变化过程结果连系动词，语义为“变为、变成”，与形容词、过去分词连用。大多用于表示不好的事情（即用于贬义）：go bad，go mad，go rotten。
E.g. On hearing the news of the accident in the coal mine, she went pale. 一听到煤矿事故的消息，她（脸色）变得苍白。
【参考译文】但向所有的表演一样，也有情况出错的时刻。
Robert is the best page turner I’ve had in my entire life.
I’ve had in my entire life是定语从句，先行词是turner，在从句中做宾语，省去了关系代词that。当指人的先行词被序数词、最高级以及the only、the very、the same等修饰时，关系代词既可以用who也可以用that，但以that更普遍。
E.g. she is the most beautiful girl I’ve ever seen. 她是我见过的最漂亮的女孩。
【参考译文】罗伯特是我一生中遇到的最棒的翻页师。
【答案】A C B D
【附：学案】
精 读 高 考 真 题 (二）
高考英语真题是英语学习的宝藏，精读一篇远胜过刷题十篇。相较于教材、日常习题，高考真题的语料更加新颖、更有针对性。长期精读高考真题有利于增强英语学习的信心，从而极大提高学习英语的效率。
一、真题再现
By day, Robert Titterton is a lawyer. In his spare time though he goes on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopova --- not as a musician but as her page turner. “I’m not a trained musician, but I’ve learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance.”
Mr. Titterton is chairman of the Omega Ensemble but has been the group’s official page turner for the past four years. His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn’t have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves. He said he became just as nervous as those playing instruments on stage.
“A lot of skills are needed for the job. You have to make sure you don’t turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot.” Mr. Titterton explained.
Being a page turner requires plenty of practice. Some pieces of music can go for 40 minutes and required up to 50 page turns, including back turns for repeat passages. Silent onstage communication is key, and each pianist has their own style of “nodding” to indicate a page turn which they need to practice with their page turner.
But like all performances, there are moments when things go wrong. “I was turning the page to get ready for the next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand,” Mr. Titterton said, “Luckily I was able to catch them and put them back.”
Most page turners are piano students or up-and-coming concert pianists, although Mr. Raspopova has once asked her husband to help her out on stage.
“My husband is the worst page turner,” she laughed. “He’s interested in the music, feeling every note, and I have to say: ‘Turn, turn!’ “Robert is the best page turner I’ve had in my entire life.”
What should Titterton be able to do to be a page turner
A. Read music. B. Play the piano.
C. Sing songs. D. Fix the instruments.
25. Which of the following best describes Titterton’s job on stage
A. Boring. B. Well-paid. C. Demanding. D. Dangerous.
26. What does Titterton need to practice
A. Counting the pages. B. Recognizing the “nodding”.
C. Catching falling objects. D. Performing in his own style.
27. Why is Ms. Raspopova’s husband “the worse page turner”
A. He has very poor eyesight. B. He ignores the audience.
C. He has no interest in music. D. He forgets to do his job.
（2021年全国新高考I卷阅读理解B篇）
二、语篇导读 本文的语篇类型是________，主题语境为________。主要介绍了_____________________________________________。
重点单词（词性转换词、熟词生意词、超纲词）和短语
1. by day
2. spare time
3.on stage
go on stage
onstage adj.
4.trained adj.
train vt.
5.read vt.
read music
6.score n.
7.play instruments on stage
fix the instruments
8.flow n.
break the flow of
9.make sure
10.at once
11.repeat n.
12.spot n.
go back to the right spot
13.plenty of practice
14.a piece of music
some pieces of music
15.passage n.
repeat passages
16.go for 40 minutes
17.up to
18.turn n.
back turns
a page turn
19.get ready for
20.draft n.
draft wind
21.fall off ...
22.stand n.
23.up-and-coming adj.
24.help sb. out (with sth.)
25.interested adj.
be interested in
interest vt.
have (no) interest in
26.demanding adj.
demand v.
27.falling adj.
falling objects
fall vi.
28.in one’s own style
29.have poor eyesight
四、关键结构和长难句
1. In his spare time though he goes on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopova --- not as a musician but as her page turner.
1).though用作________，意为______________，置于______或________。
E.g. The place wasn’t entirely authentic, ________. 不过，这个地方不完全是地道正宗的。
Not so smoothly as I hoped,________. 不过，没有我希望的那么顺利。
2). not ... but ... 意为______________，用来__________。类似的还有never ... but ...，hardly ... but ...等。
E.g. It is ________ who you are or what background you have ________ what you can do for others that is of great value. 有价值的不是你是谁或有什么背景，而是你能为别人做什么。
He ________ pushed the hat to one side of his head, ________wore it straight. 他从不把帽子戴歪在一边，而总是端端正正的带着。
【译文】________________________________________________________。
2. His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn’t have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves.
1). 整个句子是连词so连接的________，so意为______________等。
E.g. Everyone in the town knew him, _______we had no trouble finding his house. 镇上谁都认识他，所以我们毫不费力就找到了他家。
2). “be to + 动词原形”结构用以表示__________，过去时为________________表示______________。这是其最常见的用法。
E.g. The Prime Minister ______________ Budapest. 首相将访问布达佩斯。
In a room above the store, where a party _____________ , some workers were busily setting the table 在店铺上面的一个房间里，一些工人正在忙着摆桌子，那里将举行
一场聚会。
be to do结构也可以表示“指示、命令或要求”等，通常可译为“应当”、“必须”
E.g. No one _____________ the building. 谁也不得离开这栋楼房。
It _____________ that the machine should be maintained regularly. 必须注意，机器应该定期维修。
be to do结构还可以表示“可能”
E.g. Such books________________ in the library. 这样的书能在图书管理找到。
be to do结构也常用在条件句中
E.g. In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they _______________. 在这么干燥的天气里，这些花要想活过来，就得浇水。
be to do结构还可以表示“不可避免”或“注定发生”
E.g. Your plan _________ a failure. 你的计划注定失败。
有专家把be to看成是表“情态”的短语，即“情态习语”或“情态助动词”
【-译文】________________________________________________。
He said he became just as nervous as those playing instruments on stage.
playing instruments on stage是______________做____________，修饰_______，其逻辑主语就是_________。相当于定语从句____________playing instruments on stage。现在分词形式用作定语时，_____________被修饰词就是其逻辑主语。单个的现在分词作定语时，一般置于所修饰词的__________；现在分词短语作定语时，置于所修饰词_____________。
E.g. The __________ boy must be dreaming for he is smiling.（相当于The boy_________________ must be dreaming for he is smiling.） 那个睡觉的男孩一定在做梦，他在笑呢。
This is the path ____________ to our school.（相当于This is the path ________________ to our school.） 这是通往我们学校的那条道。
【译文】_____________________________________________。
4. You have to make sure you don’t turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot.
句中and并列了两个_______________，you don’t turn two pages at once是第一个make sure后面的__________，省去了连词_________t；you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot是第二个make sure后面的______，也省去了连词_______，这个宾语从句中还有一个when引导的___________。
【译文】_______________________________________________________。
5. Silent onstage communication is key, and each pianist has their own style of “nodding” to indicate a page turn which they need to practice with their page turner.
1). 本句是and连接的___________。
2). 动词不定式to indicate...作动词nod的___________。
E.g. Group activities will be organized after class_____________ children develop team spirit. 课后组织小组活动唻帮助孩子们培养团队精神。
3). which they need to practice with their page turner是一个___________，which代替____________________________________在从句中做practice的_______。
E.g. I borrow the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week，_________ my
classmates recommended to me. 上周我从图书馆借了《福尔摩斯》，这是我的同学推荐给我的。
We'll reach the sales targets in a month ____________ we set at the beginning of the year. 再有一个月就能完成年初制订的销售目标。
【译文】_________________________________________________。
But like all performances, there are moments when things go wrong.
1). when things go wrong是_________when引导的_________，修饰___________。
2). go wrong意为__________。这里go用作表示变化过程结果___________，意为___________，与________、________等连用。大多用于表示_______事情（即用于_________）：go bad，go mad，go rotten。
E.g. On hearing the news of the accident in the coal mine, she _________. 一听到煤矿事故的消息，她（脸色）变得苍白。
【译文】_____________________________________________。
Robert is the best page turner I’ve had in my entire life.
I’ve had in my entire life是_________从句，________是turner，在从句中做________，省去了____________。当指人的先行词被________、________以及________、___________、___________等修饰时，关系代词既可以用who也可以用that，但以___________更普遍。
E.g. she is the most beautiful girl I’ve ever seen. 她是我见过的最漂亮的女孩。
【译文】_______________________________________。精 读 高 考 真 题 (十二）
高考英语真题是英语学习的宝藏，精读一篇远胜过刷题十篇。相较于教材、日常习题，高考真题的语料更加新颖、更有针对性。长期精读高考真题有利于增强英语学习的信心，从而极大提高学习英语的效率。
一、真题再现
Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact (影响) travel to undisturbed places. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become 61____(educate) about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the 62____(develop) of the local areas.
Ecotourism has 63____(it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept 64____ the late 1980s. During that time, increasing environmental awareness made it desirable.
Due to 65____ growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types 66____ trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:
Minimize the impact of 67____(visit) the place.
Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultural practices.
Provide 68____(finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.
Make sure that the tourism provides positive experiences for both the visitors and the hosts.
Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity. 69____(activity) there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim 70____(have) a low impact on the natural environment.
（2021年全国乙卷语法填空）
二、语篇导读：本文的语篇类型是说明文，主题语境为人与自然。介绍新兴生态旅游的概念、起源及原则。
三、重点单词（词性转换词、熟词生意词、超纲词）和短语
1. ecotourism n. 生态旅游（业）
tourism n. 旅游业，观光
commonly adj. 通常，大多数人地
common adj. 普通的，一般的，共存的
be regarded as ... 被认为是......，被视为......
undisturbed adj. 未受干扰的
disturbed adj. 被扰乱的，心神不安的（分词形容词）
disturb v. 打扰，妨碍
be different from ... 与......不同
both ... and ... 不仅......而且......，既......又......
in terms of ... 在......方面，就......而言
geographical adj. 地理（学）的（-ical构成形容词，表示“......的”，“有关.....的”，“......性质的”）
geography n. 地理学
cultural adj. 文化（上）的
culture n. 文化
characteristic n. 特征，特性，特色，特点
provide sth for sb 为某人提供某物（= provide sb with sth）
environmental adj. 环境的，有关环境的
environment n. 环境
the 1970s 二十世纪七十年代
the late 1980s 二十世纪八十年代晚期
not ... until ... 直到......才......
widely adv. 广泛地，普遍地
wide adj. 宽阔的
be accepted as ... 作为......被接受，被接受为......
increasing adj. 不断增加的，越来越多的（分词形容词）
increase v. 增加，增大
awareness n. 认识，意识
aware adj. 意识到的，明白的，知道的
desirable adj. 值得拥有的，令人喜爱的
desire vt. 渴望，期望
due to ... 由于......，因为......
growing adj. 增加的，增长的，增强的（分词形容词）
popularity n. 流行，受欢迎
the growing/increasing popularity of ... ......的越来越流行，......的越来越受欢迎
popular adj. 流行的，大众的，受欢迎的
be popular for ... 以......而受欢迎
environmentally-related adj. 环境相关的（合成词）
various types of ... 各种类型的......
be classified as ... 被归类为......
eco-friendly adj. 对生态环境友好的，环保的
meet the following principles 符合以下原则
minimize vt. 使降到最低限度，使最小化（-ize（英-ise）构成动词，表示“使......化”，
“使成为......”）
minimum adj. 最小的，最少的，最低限度的
respect for ... 对......的尊重
practice n. 惯常做法，惯例，习俗（熟词生义）
cultural practices 文化习俗
financial adj. 财务的，财政的，金融的
finance n. 财政，金融
officially adv. 官方地，正式地
official adj. 正式的，官方的
biodiversity n. 生物多样性（bio-（元音前用bi-）用于名词或形容词之前，表示“生物的”，“与生物有关的”）
diversity n. 多样性
diverse adj. 多钟多样的
range from ... to ... （范围）从......到......
have an impact on ... 对......有影响
aim to do ... 目标是......
四、关键结构和长难句
1. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the development of the local areas.
1).“allow + 宾语 + 带to的动词不定式”
E.g. My parents allow me to stay out late at weekends. 我父母允许我周末晚点儿回家。
He allowed me to enter. 他让我进去了。
allow与permit: allow是个普通用词，而permit是个相当正式的书面语体词；allow含有听任、默许的意思，而permit含正式批准和正式许可的意思。
E.g. They do not allow you to smoke. 他们不允许你抽烟。
You are not permitted to smoke in the hospital. 医院里不允许抽烟。
2). become educated about ... 意为“了解......”，“认识......”。主动语态形式是educate sb about ... ，意为“教导某人......”，“指导某人......”。
E.g. Young people need to be educated about the dangers of alcohol abuse. 必须教育年轻人认识酗酒的危害。
3).第一个and并列geographical conditions 与 cultural characteristics两个名词短语，和前面的both组成“both ... and ... ”结构；第二、第三个and并列allows，provides和benefits三个动词。
【参考译文】这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅游者了解这个地区--无论在地理环境方面还是在文化特色方面，并且经常为环境保护提供资金，并有利于当地的发展。
Make sure that the tourism provides positive experiences for both the visitors and the hosts.
“make sure that ... ”结构，表示“确保......”、“保证......”。that从句是make的宾语从句，that可省略；sure是宾语补足语，但和一般的补足语不同，它总是位于宾语的前面。类似的还有“make certain that ... ”等。
E.g. I’ll walk you home to make sure (that) no one bothers you. 我陪你走回家，确保没人骚扰你。
Whatever you do, the important thing is to make sure you take advantage of
every opportunity. 不管做什麽事，最重要的是要确保善用每个机会
make sure (that) ... 还表示“弄清楚......”，“查明......”，“确认......”。
g. First, make sure that the printer has paper in it. 首先，确认打印机里有纸。
The director of the research institute came in person to make sure that
everything was all right. 研究所所长亲自查明一切都没有问题。
【参考译文】确保旅游业给游客和主办方 都能带来积极地经历。
Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity.
officially recognized in 1980是过去分词短语形式做定语，修饰Komodo National Park。相当定语从句：which was officially recognized in 1980。
E.g. Tsinghua University, founded in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding
figures. 清华大学，成立于1911年，是许多杰出人物的聚集地。（=Tsinghua University, which was founded in 1911, ... ）
【答案】61 educated 62. development 63. its 64. until 65. the
66. of 67 visiting 68 financial 69 Activities 70 to have
【附：学案】
精 读 高 考 真 题 (十二）
高考英语真题是英语学习的宝藏，精读一篇远胜过刷题十篇。相较于教材、日常习题，高考真题的语料更加新颖、更有针对性。长期精读高考真题有利于增强英语学习的信心，从而极大提高学习英语的效率。
一、真题再现
Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact (影响) travel to undisturbed places. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become 61____(educate) about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the 62____(develop) of the local areas.
Ecotourism has 63____(it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept 64____ the late 1980s. During that time, increasing environmental awareness made it desirable.
Due to 65____ growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types 66____ trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:
Minimize the impact of 67____(visit) the place.
Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultural practices.
Provide 68____(finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.
Make sure that the tourism provides positive experiences for both the visitors and the hosts.
Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity. 69____(activity) there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim 70____(have) a low impact on the natural environment.
（2021年全国乙卷语法填空）
二、语篇导读：本文的语篇类型是______文，主题语境为_________。介绍_______________________________________________________。
三、重点单词（词性转换词、熟词生意词、超纲词）和短语
1. ecotourism n.
tourism n.
commonly adj.
common adj.
be regarded as ...
undisturbed adj.
disturbed adj.
disturb v.
be different from ...
both ... and ...
in terms of ...
geographical adj.
geography n.
cultural adj.
culture n.
characteristic n.
provide sth for sb
environmental adj.
environment n.
the 1970s
the late 1980s
not ... until ...
widely adv.
wide adj.
be accepted as ...
increasing adj.
increase v.
awareness n.
aware adj.
desirable adj.
desire vt.
due to ...
growing adj.
popularity n.
the growing/increasing popularity of ...
popular adj.
be popular for ...
environmentally-related adj.
various types of ...
be classified as ...
eco-friendly adj.
meet the following principles
minimize vt.
minimum adj.
respect for ...
practice n.
cultural practices
financial adj.
finance n.
officially adv.
official adj.
biodiversity n.
diversity n.
diverse adj.
range from ... to ...
have an impact on ...
aim to do ...
四、关键结构和长难句
1. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the development of the local areas.
1).“allow + 宾语 + 带to的动词不定式”
E.g. My parents allow me ___________________ at weekends. 我父母允许我周末晚点儿回家。
He allowed me _______________. 他让我进去了。
allow与permit: allow是个普通用词，而permit是个相当正式的书面语体词；allow含有听任、默许的意思，而permit含正式批准和正式许可的意思。
E.g. They do not allow you to smoke. 他们不允许你抽烟。
You are not permitted to smoke in the hospital. 医院里不允许抽烟。
2). become educated about ... 意为__________________。主动语态形式是educate sb about ... ，意为___________________________。
E.g. Young people need to __________________the dangers of alcohol abuse. 必须教育年轻人认识酗酒的危害。
3).第一个and并列______________________ 与 ______________________两个名词短语，和前面的both组成_________________结构；第二、第三个and并列_________，________和__________三个动词。
【译文】__________________________________________________。
Make sure that the tourism provides positive experiences for both the visitors and the hosts.
“make sure that ... ”结构，表示____________________。that从句是make的_____________，that可省略；sure是宾语补足语，但和一般的补足语不同，它总是位于宾语的前面。类似的还有“make certain that ... ”等。
E.g. I’ll walk you home to _________________no one bothers you. 我陪你走回家，确保没人骚扰你。
Whatever you do, the important thing is to ______________________you take advantage of every opportunity. 不管做什麽事，最重要的是要确保善用每个机会
make sure (that) ... 还表示“弄清楚......”，“查明......”，“确认......”。
g. First, _________________ the printer has paper in it. 首先，确认打印机里
有纸。
The director of the research institute came in person to ________________
everything was all right. 研究所所长亲自查明一切都没有问题。
【译文】______________________________________________。
Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity.
officially recognized in 1980是____________________形式做______语，修饰_____________________。相当定语从句：____________________________in 1980。
E.g. Tsinghua University, _____________ in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures. 清华大学，成立于1911年，是许多杰出人物的聚集地。（=Tsinghua University, ________________________ in 1911, ... ）精 读 高 考 真 题 (十四）
高考英语真题是英语学习的宝藏，精读一篇远胜过刷题十篇。相较于教材、日常习题，高考真题的语料更加新颖、更有针对性。长期精读高考真题有利于增强英语学习的信心，从而极大提高学习英语的效率。
一、真题再现
Simply saying thank you doesn’t seem enough in certain situations. I was considering this while working as a __41___ just a few weeks ago. And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of words that express different __42_ of gratitude (感谢).
My thoughts were soon __43__. We had a woman patient who was __44__ from a knee replacement operation. One afternoon, while __45__ to get into bed she collapsed (倒下) from what was __46__ discovered to be a heart attack. The collapse was disastrous, __47___ the emergency medical team and good teamwork. But she recovered, though __48___, and was ready for discharge (出院) after four weeks.
She was __49___ for everything that the medical and nursing team had done for her. On her day of discharge, we shared in her __50__ at her recovery. As she was __51__ she was eager to say __52___ to each of us in the nursing team. When she __53__ one nurse, she tried to press a five-pound note into her hand. My colleague ___54___ to accept it, saying that we were all just __55___ our job. The patient looked puzzled, and then __56__: “Oh this isn’t for the __57__ I had. I take that as a __58__. No, this is for setting my hair yesterday.”
And there you have it. To many people, __59___ lives is part of the job but styling hair is an __60___ and should be rewarded.
41. A. cleaner B. chemist C. nurse D. doctor
42. A. grades B. meanings C. needs D. expectations
43. A. brushed aside B. put to the test C. brought under discussion D.taken into account
44. A. departing B. escaping C. retiring D. recovering
45. A. attempting B. choosing C. pausing D. promising
46. A. eventually B. fortunately C. casually D. secretly
47. A. assessing B. requiring C. forming D. proving
48. A. slightly B. accidentally C. slowly D. happily
49. A. grateful B. thoughtful C. sorrowful D. fearful
50. A. surprise B. delight C. curiosity D.disappointment
51.A. operating B. thinking C. hesitating D. leaving
52.A. sorry B. hello C. goodbye D.yes
53.A. reached B. consulted C. introduced D. persuaded
54.A. wished B. pretended C. failed D. refused
55.A. enjoying B. doing C. securing D. starting
56.A. repeated B. recited C. replied D. reported
57.A. courage B. patience C. duty D. care
58.A. goal B. given C. push D. greeting
59. A. risking B.changing C. saving D. building
60.A. honour B. ability C. opening D. extra
（2021年全国乙卷完形填空）
二、语篇导读：本文的语篇类型是夹叙夹议，主题语境为人与社会。讲述了一位女患者因心脏病住院，恢复出院之际向一位护士表达感激之情，感谢她帮助自己整理头发。
三、重点单词（词性转换词、熟词生意词、超纲词）和短语
1. work as ... 当......，担任......工作
2. a range of ... 一系列......
3. grade n. 程度（熟词生义）
different grades of ... 不同程度的......
a woman patient 一位女病人
recover from ... 从......恢复
replacement n. 替换，更换（-ment接在动词之后构成名词，表示“结果”，“动作”，“手
段”，“状态”）
a knee replacement operation 膝关节置换手术
replace vt. 取代，替换，更换
get into bed 上床睡觉
a heart attack 心脏病
disastrous adj. 灾难性的
disaster n. 灾难，灾祸
be grateful (to ...) for ... （向......）对......表示感激
share in ... 分享......，分担......，参与......
recovery n. 康复，痊愈
recover v.恢复，复原
be eager to do sth. 渴望做某事
say goodbye to ... 向......告别
note n. 纸币，钞票（熟词生义）
do one’s job 做本职工作，尽职
take ... as ... 把......当作......
(a) given n. 既定事实（熟词生义）
take ... as a given 把......当作应得的，认为......理所应当
set one’s hair 做头发
part of ... ......的一部分
style hair 作发型
brush ... aside 不理会，漠视
put ... to the test 将...... 付诸实践进行检验
bring ... under discussion 讨论......
take ... into account 考虑到......，把......考虑进去
depart vi. 出发，启程
departure n. 出发，启程
casually adv. 随便地，漫不经心地
casual adj. 随便的，漫不经心的
secretly adv. 秘密地
secret adj. 秘密的
assess vt. 评价，评估
assessment n. 评价，评估
accidentally adv. 偶然地，意外地
accidental adj. 偶然的，意外的
accident n. 偶然，意外
thoughtful adj. 沉思的，考虑周详的，体贴的
thought n. 思考，思想，念头
sorrowful adj. 哀伤的，悲伤的
sorrow n. 悲伤，悲痛
fearful adj. 担心的，害怕的
fear n. 害怕，恐惧，担忧
curiosity n. 好奇心，求知欲
curious adj. 好奇的，奇异的
disappointment n. 失望，沮伤
disappoint vt. 使失望
secure vt. 保护，取得，保证（形容词转动词）
extra n. 额外的事物（形容词转名词）
四、关键结构和长难句
1. And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of words that express different grades of gratitude.
1). 句中的it是形式主语，正真的主语是后面how much引导的主语从句。
2). (sth.)come to sb.意为“某人突然意识到或记起（某事）
E.g. The solution came to him in a dream. 他在梦中想到了这个解决方案。
I’ve forgotten her name, but maybe it’ll come to me later. 我忘了她的名字，但稍后可能会想起来。
“It comes/came to sb + 主语从句”结构，表示“某人想起......”
E.g. It comes to me that he was my colleague before. 我想起来了,他以前是我同事。
It suddenly came back to me where I had seen the boy before. 我猛然间想起了以前曾在什么地方见到这男孩。
Then it came to me that I must dream the instrument of his death. 于是我想到
肯定梦见了他死亡的器具。
3).在how much easier it would be if we had a range of words中主句和从句都用了虚拟语气的形式，而且都表示与现在（当时的事实或长久的事实相反。这时，非真实条件句中动词用过去时；主句中动词用would/should + 动词原形。
E.g. If light could of itself pass round an object, there would be no shadows. 如果光线能够自行绕过物体，那就不会有影子了。
If transparent bodies did not reflect a certain amount of light, they would be invisible. 如果透明体不反射一定量的光，那么透明体就是看不见的。
4).that express different grades of gratitude是一个定语从句，that代替先行词words，在从句中做主语。
【参考译文】然后我想到，如果我们有一系列表达不同程度感激之情的词，那会多么容易啊。
One afternoon, while attempting to get into bed she collapsed from what was
eventually discovered to be a heart attack.
1). 当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时, 可以将从句主语和be 动词简化掉。
E.g. ... and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions. ...... 然而，一个共同工作的空间或咖啡馆在提供一定程度的噪音的过程中，也提供了免受干扰的自由。（= ... while it is also providing freedom ... ）
I was considering this while working as a nurse just a few weeks ago. 就在几个星期前，我当护士的时候，我一直在考虑这个问题。（=I was considering this while I was working as ... ）
When completed , the museum will be open to the public next year. 竣工后，博)物馆将于明年对公众开放。（=When it is completed , ... ）
. what was eventually discovered to be a heart attack是介词from后面的宾语从句，
what在从句中作主语。
E.g. A modern city has been set up in what was a wasteland ten years ago. 一个现代化城市在十年前是荒地的地方建成了。
【参考译文】一天下午，当她试图上床睡觉时，晕倒了，原因最终被诊断为心脏病发作。
But she recovered, though slowly, and was ready for discharge (出院) after four weeks.
though slowly是状语从句though she recovered slowly省略了重复的she recovered。
【参考译文】但是她恢复了，尽管恢复得慢，并且准备四周后出院。
She was grateful for everything that the medical and nursing team had done for her.
句中that the medical and nursing team had done for he是定语从句，先行词是everything。当先行词是all, anything, something, everything, nothing, little, much, none, one时，人们大都喜欢使用that或省略充当宾语的that（即零关系代词）。
E.g. Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 最后，小偷把他偷的所有的东西都交给了警察。
She has everything (that) a woman could wish for. 她拥有女人想获得的一切。
【参考译文】她很感激医疗和护理小组为她所做的一切。
As she was leaving she was eager to say goodbye to each of us in the nursing team.
1). As she was leaving 是一个由从属连词as引导的时间状语从句。
2).句中was leaving 是过去进行时形式表示过去将来。英语中，某些动词，尤其是表示移动的动词，如come, go, leave, start等，过去进行时可以表示过去将来（即从过去某个时间角度来看将要进行的动作）。
E.g. The manager was concerned to hear that two of his trusted workers were leaving. 听到自己最信任的两个职员要离去，经理很关注。
James has just arrived, but I didn't know he was coming until yesterday.詹姆斯刚到，但直到昨天我才知道他要来。
【参考译文】当她要离开的时候，她急切地想和我们护理小组的每个人说再见。
My colleague refused to accept it, saying that we were all just doing our job.
句中的saying that we were all just doing our job是现在分词短语作状语，表伴随情况，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语my colleague。
E.g. Tony lent me the money, hoping that I’d do as much for him. Tony借给我了钱,希望我加倍还他。
Do you wake up every morning feeling energetic and ready to start a new day 句意是：你每天早晨醒来，精力充沛并且准备好开始新的一天吗。。
【参考译文】我的同事拒绝接受，说我们只是在做我们的工作
【答案】41-45CABDA ABCAB DCADB CDBCD
【附：学案】
精 读 高 考 真 题 (十四）
高考英语真题是英语学习的宝藏，精读一篇远胜过刷题十篇。相较于教材、日常习题，高考真题的语料更加新颖、更有针对性。长期精读高考真题有利于增强英语学习的信心，从而极大提高学习英语的效率。
一、真题再现
Simply saying thank you doesn’t seem enough in certain situations. I was considering this while working as a __41___ just a few weeks ago. And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of words that express different __42_ of gratitude (感谢).
My thoughts were soon __43__. We had a woman patient who was __44__ from a knee replacement operation. One afternoon, while __45__ to get into bed she collapsed (倒下) from what was __46__ discovered to be a heart attack. The collapse was disastrous, __47___ the emergency medical team and good teamwork. But she recovered, though __48___, and was ready for discharge (出院) after four weeks.
She was __49___ for everything that the medical and nursing team had done for her. On her day of discharge, we shared in her __50__ at her recovery. As she was __51__ she was eager to say __52___ to each of us in the nursing team. When she __53__ one nurse, she tried to press a five-pound note into her hand. My colleague ___54___ to accept it, saying that we were all just __55___ our job. The patient looked puzzled, and then __56__: “Oh this isn’t for the __57__ I had. I take that as a __58__. No, this is for setting my hair yesterday.”
And there you have it. To many people, __59___ lives is part of the job but styling hair is an __60___ and should be rewarded.
41. A. cleaner B. chemist C. nurse D. doctor
42. A. grades B. meanings C. needs D. expectations
43. A. brushed aside B. put to the test C. brought under discussion D.taken into account
44. A. departing B. escaping C. retiring D. recovering
45. A. attempting B. choosing C. pausing D. promising
46. A. eventually B. fortunately C. casually D. secretly
47. A. assessing B. requiring C. forming D. proving
48. A. slightly B. accidentally C. slowly D. happily
49. A. grateful B. thoughtful C. sorrowful D. fearful
50. A. surprise B. delight C. curiosity D.disappointment
51.A. operating B. thinking C. hesitating D. leaving
52.A. sorry B. hello C. goodbye D.yes
53.A. reached B. consulted C. introduced D. persuaded
54.A. wished B. pretended C. failed D. refused
55.A. enjoying B. doing C. securing D. starting
56.A. repeated B. recited C. replied D. reported
57.A. courage B. patience C. duty D. care
58.A. goal B. given C. push D. greeting
59. A. risking B.changing C. saving D. building
60.A. honour B. ability C. opening D. extra
（2021年全国乙卷完形填空）
二、语篇导读：本文的语篇类型是__________，主题语境为_______。讲述了_____________________________________________________________。
三、重点单词（词性转换词、熟词生意词、超纲词）和短语
1. work as ...
2. a range of ...
3. grade n.
different grades of ...
a woman patient
recover from ...
replacement n.
a knee replacement operation
replace vt.
get into bed
a heart attack
disastrous adj.
disaster n.
be grateful (to ...) for ...
11. share in ...
12. recovery n.
recover v.
be eager to do sth.
say goodbye to ...
note n.
do one’s job
take ... as ...
(a) given n.
take ... as a given
set one’s hair
part of ...
style hair
brush ... aside
put ... to the test
bring ... under discussion
take ... into account
depart vi.
departure n.
casually adv.
casual adj.
secretly adv.
secret adj.
assess vt.
assessment n.
accidentally adv.
accidental adj.
accident n.
thoughtful adj.
thought n.
sorrowful adj.
sorrow n.
fearful adj.
fear n.
curiosity n.
curious adj.
disappointment n.
disappoint vt.
secure vt.
extra n.
四、关键结构和长难句
1. And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of words that express different grades of gratitude.
1). 句中的it是________，_________是后面how much引导的____________。
2). (sth.)come to sb.意为___________________________
E.g. The solution __________________ in a dream. 他在梦中想到了这个解决方案。
I’ve forgotten her name, but maybe it’ll ________________ later. 我忘了她的名字，但稍后可能会想起来。
“It comes/came to sb + 主语从句”结构，表示_______________
E.g. _______________________he was my colleague before. 我想起来了,他以前是我同事。
___________________________ I had seen the boy before. 我猛然间想起了以前曾在什么地方见到这男孩。
Then ____________________I must dream the instrument of his death.
于是我想到肯定梦见了他死亡的器具。
3).在how much easier it would be if we had a range of words中主句和从句都用了虚拟语气的形式，而且都表示与__________________________相反。这时，非真实条件句中动词用_______________；主句中动词用__________________________。
E.g. If light _________of itself __________ round an object, there ____________ no shadows. 如果光线能够自行绕过物体，那就不会有影子了。
If transparent bodies ____________________ a certain amount of light, they _______________ invisible. 如果透明体不反射一定量的光，那么透明体就是看不见的。
4).that express different grades of gratitude是一个_______________，that代替______________words，在从句中做_________语。
【译文】______________________________________________________。
One afternoon, while attempting to get into bed she collapsed from what was
eventually discovered to be a heart attack.
1). 当状语从句的主语和主句的主语____________时, 可以将从句________和__________简化掉。
E.g. ... and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise _____________ also ___________ freedom from interruptions. ...... 然而，一个共同工作的空间或咖啡馆在提供一定程度的噪音的过程中，也提供了免受干扰的自由。（= ... ____________ also _______________ freedom ... ）
I was considering this ______________ as a nurse just a few weeks ago. 就在几个星期前，我当护士的时候，我一直在考虑这个问题。（= I was considering this________________ as ... ）
___________________ , the museum will be open to the public next year. 竣工后，博)物馆将于明年对公众开放。（=____________________ , ... ）
. what was eventually discovered to be a heart attack是介词from后面的宾语从句
__________，what在从句中作_______语。
E.g. A modern city has been set up in _________ was a wasteland ten years ago. 一个现代化城市在十年前是荒地的地方建成了。
【译文】_____________________________________________________。
But she recovered, though slowly, and was ready for discharge (出院) after four weeks.
though slowly是让步状语从句__________________________省略了重复的she recovered。
【译文】___________________________________________。
She was grateful for everything that the medical and nursing team had done for her.
句中that the medical and nursing team had done for he是___________，_________是everything。当先行词是all, anything, something, everything, nothing, little, much, none, one时，人们大都喜欢使用______或__________（即_____________）。
E.g. Finally, the thief handed everything ________he had stolen to the police. 最后，小偷把他偷的所有的东西都交给了警察。
She has everything ________a woman could wish for. 她拥有女人想获得的一切。
【译文】____________________________________。
As she was leaving she was eager to say goodbye to each of us in the nursing team.
1). As she was leaving 是一个由从属连词as引导的______________。
2).句中was leaving 是____________形式表示_________。英语中，某些动词，尤其是表示__________的动词，如come, go, leave, start等，过去进行时可以表示过去将来（即从过去某个时间角度来看将要进行的动作）。
E.g. The manager was concerned to hear that two of his trusted workers ______________. 听到自己最信任的两个职员要离去，经理很关注。
James has just arrived, but I didn't know he ___________ until yesterday.詹姆斯刚到，但直到昨天我才知道他要来。
【译文】_________________________________________________。
My colleague refused to accept it, saying that we were all just doing our job.
句中的saying that we were all just doing our job是___________作____语，表__________，其逻辑主语就是_______________________。
E.g. Tony lent me the money, ________________that I’d do as much for him. Tony借给我了钱,希望我加倍还他。
Do you wake up every morning _____________ energetic and ready to start a new day 句意是：你每天早晨醒来，精力充沛并且准备好开始新的一天吗。。
【参考译文】我的同事拒绝接受，说我们只是在做我们的工作精 读 高 考 真 题 (十）
高考英语真题是英语学习的宝藏，精读一篇远胜过刷题十篇。相较于教材、日常习题，高考真题的语料更加新颖、更有针对性。长期精读高考真题有利于增强英语学习的信心，从而极大提高学习英语的效率。
一、真题再现
During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by the level of distraction(干扰) in his open office, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street —so I can focus. "His comment struck me as strange. After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout (布局). But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.
The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking. They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels(分贝), 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however,the participants in the 70 decibels group—those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop-significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise.
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise—not too loud and not total silence—may actually improve one’s creative thinking ability. The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus. This kind of "distracted focus" appears to be the best state for working on creative tasks.
So why do so many of us hate our open offices The problem may be that, in our offices, we can't stop ourselves from getting drawn into others’ conversations while we’re trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
32. Why does the interviewer prefer a coworking space
A. It helps him concentrate.
B. It blocks out background noise.
C. It has a pleasant atmosphere.
D. It encourages face-to-face interactions.
33. Which level of background noise may promote creative thinking ability
A. Total silence.
B. 50 decibels.
C. 70 decibels.
D. 85 decibels.
34. What makes an open office unwelcome to many people
A. Personal privacy unprotected.
B. Limited working space.
C. Restrictions on group discussion.
D. Constant interruptions.
35.What can we infer about the author from the text
A. He's a news reporter.
B. He’s an office manager.
C. He's a professional designer.
D. He's a published writer.
（2021年全国乙卷阅读理解D篇）
二、语篇导读：本文的语篇类型是说明文，主题语境为人与社会。主要叙述了一项关于办公环境“噪音”对环境当中的“人的大脑”的影响的研究结果。适合专注工作的理想工作环境并不是一点噪音都没有的绝对安静的环境，而是一种不会受到他人打断和干扰的环境。适度的背景噪音有利于创造性工作，70分贝环境最适合创造性工作。
三、重点单词（词性转换词、熟词生意词、超纲词）和短语
1. interviewer n. 采访者
interview vt. 采访，会见，面试
think about ... 思考......，考虑......
annoyed adj. 感到生气的，感到恼怒的（分词形容词）
be annoyed at/by ... 因为......而生气/恼怒
be annoyed with sb. 因为某人而生气/恼怒
annoy vt. 使生气，使恼怒
an open office n. 开放式办公室
membership n. （团体、俱乐部的）会员身份、资格（-ship接在名词之后，表示“......职位”，“......地位”，“......资格”）
coworking n. 联合办公，共享办公
coworking space 联合办公空间，共享办公空间（是一种为降低办公室租赁成本的办公模式，来自不同公司的个人在联合办公空间中共同工作，在特别设计和安排的办公空间中共享办公环境，彼此独立完成各自项目）
cowork vi. 联合办公，共享办公（co- 用于构成形容词、副词动词或名词，表示“和…一起”，“共同”，“联合”）
across the street 在街对面
strike vt. 给予......印象，让......觉得（熟词生义）
strike sb. as ... 给某人留下.....的.印象，使某人感到......
strike sb. as strange 给某人留下奇怪的印象，使某人觉得奇怪
after all 毕竟，终究
typically adv. 通常，一般，典型地
typical adj. 典型的，一贯的
come across ... （偶然）发现，遇见
work vi. 奏效，产生预期效果（熟词生义）
researcher n. 研究者，调查员
research v. 研究，调查
participant n. 参加者，参与者（-ant构成名词，表示“从事......的人”，“......的事物”）
participate vi. 参加，参与
creative thinking 创造性思维
randomly adv. 随机地，任意地
random adj. 随机的，任意的
be divided into ... 被（划）分成......
exposed adj. 无遮蔽的，无保护的，敞开的（分词形容词）
be exposed to ... 被暴露在......，遭受到......，接触到......，处于......之中，面对......
statistically adv. 统计上，统计学上
statistical adj. 统计（上）的，统计学（上）的
statistic(s) n. 统计，统计学
insignificant adj. 无关紧要的，无意义的
significant adj. 重要的，有重大意义的
significantly adv. 明显地，显著地
be similar to ... 与......相似，与......类似
chatter n. 唠叨，喋喋不休（动词转名词）
outperform vt. 表现得比......好，性能优于......（out-表示“在......之上”，“胜过......”）
suggest vt. 表明，暗示，显示（熟词生义）
that much 那么多（表程度）
in response to ... 对......的答复，对......的反应
patterns of thinking 思维模式
allow ... to do sth. 允许......做某事
imagination n. 想象，想象力；(U)想象的产物，幻想物
imagine v. 想象，料想，认为
stop ... from doing sth. 阻止......做某事
be/get drawn into ... 被吸引入......，被拉入......
draw sb. into ... 吸引某人进入......，把某人拉入......
face-to-face adj. 面对面的
freedom from ... 从......中解放，免除......
interruption n. 妨碍，打扰
interrupt v. 打扰，打断
have an effect on ... 对......产生影响，对......产生效果
disturbing adj. 令人不安的（分词形容词）
disturb vt 打扰，扰乱，使不安
refreshing adj. 使人精神振奋的，令人耳目一新的（分词形容词）
refresh vt. 使心情愉快，使精神振奋
transform ... into ... 使......改变为......
block out 遮住（光、声音等）
unwelcome adj. 不受欢迎的
be unwelcome to sb 不受某人欢迎
welcome adj. 受欢迎的
privacy n. 隐私，秘密（-cy接在某些词尾是-te，-t,和 -tic的形容词后构成名词，表
示“性质”，“状态”）
private adj. 私有的，私人的，秘密的
unprotected adj. 未受保护的
protected adj. 受保护的（分词形容词）
protect vt. 保护
limited adj. 有限的（分词形容词）
limit vt. 限制，限定
restrictions on 对......的限制
published adj. 出版的，发表的（分词形容词）
a published writer 出版作家
四、关键结构和长难句
1. The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however,the participants in the 70 decibels group—those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop-significantly outperformed the other groups .
1).those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop是同位语，对the participants进行补充说明。
2).exposed to a level of noise... 是过去分词短语形式做后置定语，修饰those。相当于定语从句：who were exposed to a level of noise...
3).similar to ... 是形容词短语做后置定语，修饰noise。相当于定语从句：which was similar to ...
【参考译文】大多数组之间的差异在统计学上是无关紧要的；然而，70分贝组的参与者——那些处于类似于咖啡店里喋喋不休闲聊的背景噪音水平的噪音中的参与者——表现明显优于其他组。
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise—not too loud and not total silence—may actually improve one’s creative thinking ability.
1).since引导的是一个原因状语从句。意为“因为”，“既然”。
E.g. Mark needs to learn Chinese since his company is opening a branch in Beijing. Mark需要学习汉语是因为他的公司要在北京开分公司。
Why not buy a cheaper one, since you don’t have enough money 既然你没有足够的钱，为什么不买个便宜的？
2).suggest意为“表明”，“显示”。后面接的是一个that引导的宾语从句。
3).not too loud and not total silence中的第二个not不能省略，省略时须把and换成or。
E.g. They have no books and no magazines for sale. 他们既没有书可卖，也没有杂志可卖。（=they have no books or magazines for sale.）
【参考译文】但因为70 分贝的结果是显著的，研究还表明，适当的背景噪音—— 既不要太大，也不要完全沉默—— 实际上可以提高一个人的创造性思维能力。
The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus.
1). to allow ... 是动词不定式短做语副词enough的补足语。
enough用作副词来修饰动词、形容词、副词时，后面常接一个动词不定式做补足语。即
“enough + 动词不定式”结构：
E.g. She lived long enough to realize all her dreams. 她活得很久，足以实现她所有的梦想。
She was not old enough to drive a car. 那时她很小，还不能开车。
Students brave enough to attempt the course deserve to succeed. 凡有足够勇气选这门课的学生一定能活得成功。
I was fool enough to believe her. 我真是太傻了，居然相信了她。
2).without making ... 是“介词+动名词”短语形式作状语，表伴随情况。
3).make + it（形式宾语）+adj.（宾语补足语）+ 动词不定式（真正宾语）。
E.g. Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it to be reused. 如今人们有时把他们的废品分开来，以便更加容易被再利用。
The fact that she was foreign made it difficult for her to get a job in that country. 她是外国人的事实使得她在那个国家难以找到工作。
【参考译文】适当水平的背景噪音可能会打断我们正常的思维模式，正好足以让我们的想象力展开，但又不至于使注意力无法集中。
The problem may be that, in our offices, we can't stop ourselves from getting drawn into others’ conversations while we’re trying to focus.
1). 本句中that引导的是一个表语从句，that在从句中不做任何成分，也没有任何意义。
E.g. Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was that it was rather closely modeled on his own life. 尔斯·狄更斯喜欢他自己的小说《大卫·科波菲尔》的部分原因是这部小说非常贴近他自己的生活。
One advantage of playing the guitar is that it can give you a great deal of pleasure. 句意是弹吉它的一个好处就是它能带给你许多乐趣。
2). while引导的时间状语从句中的动词必须是持续性的，不能是瞬时性的。
E.g. We must strike while the iron is hot. 我们必须乘热打铁。
While the discussion is going on, Gerhardt came in. 讨论还在进行的时候，杰哈特走了进来。
【参考译文】问题可能是，在我们的办公室里，当我们努力集中注意力时，我们无法阻止自己被别人的谈话所吸引。
Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
1). found后面接的是一个that引导的宾语从句；这个宾语从句是并列连词and yet连接的两个并列句。
2). and yet用作并列连词，相当于but。and有时可以省略。
E.g. It is strange, and yet it is true. 这很奇怪，但却是真的。
The essay is good, yet it could be improved. 这篇文章写得很好，但是还可以改进。
3). and yet后面的并列分句中的while also providing freedom from interruptions是时间状语从句while it is also providing freedom from interruptions的简化，即省去了it is。有时为了使语言简洁，常常将表示时间、条件或让步等且主语与主句主语一致或是it的状语从句进行“简化”，即直接采用连词加上分词、不定式、形容词、名词或介词短语的形式。
E.g. I was considering this while working as a nurse just a few weeks ago. 就在几个星期前，我当护士的时候，我一直在考虑这个问题。（= ... while I was working as ... ）
When comparing different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. 当比较不同的文化的时候，我们通常总注意到它们之间的区别而没有注意到它们之间的相似之处。（= When we are comparing different cultures, ... ）
The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, unless accompanied by an adult. 学校规则说明任何孩子在白天不允许出校门，除非有成人陪同。（= ... during the day,unless he is accompanied by an adult.）
Although small, the company has about 1,000 buyers in over 30 countries. 尽管很小，但是这个公司已经在30多个国家有1 000名左右的客户。（= Although it is small, the company has about... ）
If necessary, ring me at home--you know my number. 如有必要，你给我家里打电话--你知道我的电话号码的。（=If it is necessary , ring me... ）
The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if to see whether he was going in the right direction. 我们跟踪的那个人突然停了下来，看上去好像要看看是否走对了方向。（= ...and looked as if he was to see whether he was going in the right direction. ）
【参考译文】事实上，研究人员发现，面对面的互动和交谈会影响创意过程，然而，一个共同工作的空间或咖啡馆在提供一定程度的噪音的过程中，也提供了免受干扰的自由。
What makes an open office unwelcome to many people
“make + 宾语 + 形容词（宾语补足语）”结构。
g. These successes made him dizzy. 这些成功使他冲昏了头脑。
..., it's not difficult to make yourself interesting at a dinner party. ......，让你在晚宴聚会上有趣并不难。
During that time, increasing environmental awareness made it desirable. 在那段时间里，环境意识的不断提高使它（生态旅游）受到人们喜爱。
The discovery has made possible new techniques for brain surgery. 这个发现使得大脑手术新技术成为可能。
【参考译文】什么让许多人不接受开放式办公室。
【答案】A C D D
【附：学案】
精 读 高 考 真 题 (十）
高考英语真题是英语学习的宝藏，精读一篇远胜过刷题十篇。相较于教材、日常习题，高考真题的语料更加新颖、更有针对性。长期精读高考真题有利于增强英语学习的信心，从而极大提高学习英语的效率。
一、真题再现
During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by the level of distraction(干扰) in his open office, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street —so I can focus. "His comment struck me as strange. After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout (布局). But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.
The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking. They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels(分贝), 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however,the participants in the 70 decibels group—those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop-significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise.
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise—not too loud and not total silence—may actually improve one’s creative thinking ability. The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus. This kind of "distracted focus" appears to be the best state for working on creative tasks.
So why do so many of us hate our open offices The problem may be that, in our offices, we can't stop ourselves from getting drawn into others’ conversations while we’re trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
32. Why does the interviewer prefer a coworking space
A. It helps him concentrate.
B. It blocks out background noise.
C. It has a pleasant atmosphere.
D. It encourages face-to-face interactions.
33. Which level of background noise may promote creative thinking ability
A. Total silence.
B. 50 decibels.
C. 70 decibels.
D. 85 decibels.
34. What makes an open office unwelcome to many people
A. Personal privacy unprotected.
B. Limited working space.
C. Restrictions on group discussion.
D. Constant interruptions.
35.What can we infer about the author from the text
A. He's a news reporter.
B. He’s an office manager.
C. He's a professional designer.
D. He's a published writer.
（2021年全国乙卷阅读理解D篇）
二、语篇导读：本文的语篇类型是_______，主题语境为____________。主要叙述了__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________。
三、重点单词（词性转换词、熟词生意词、超纲词）和短语
1. interviewer n.
interview vt.
think about ...
annoyed adj.
be annoyed at/by ...
be annoyed with sb.
annoy vt.
an open office n.
membership n.
coworking n.
coworking space
cowork vi.
across the street
strike vt.
strike sb. as ...
strike sb. as strange
after all
typically adv.
typical adj.
come across ...
work vi.
researcher n.
research v.
participant n.
participate vi.
creative thinking
randomly adv.
random adj.
be divided into ...
exposed adj.
be exposed to ...
statistically adv.
statistical adj.
statistic(s) n.
insignificant adj.
significant adj.
significantly adv.
be similar to ...
chatter n.
outperform vt.
suggest vt.
that much
in response to ...
patterns of thinking
allow ... to do sth.
imagination n.
imagine v.
stop ... from doing sth.
be/get drawn into ...
draw sb. into ...
face-to-face adj.
freedom from ...
interruption n.
interrupt v.
have an effect on ...
disturbing adj.
disturb vt
refreshing adj.
refresh vt.
transform ... into ...
block out
unwelcome adj.
be unwelcome to sb
welcome adj.
privacy n.
private adj.
unprotected adj.
protected adj.
protect vt.
limited adj.
limit vt.
restrictions on
45. published adj.
a published writer
四、关键结构和长难句
1. The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however,the participants in the 70 decibels group—those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop-significantly outperformed the other groups .
1).those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop是______语，对the participants进行___________。
2).exposed to ... 是_____________形式做___________，修饰those。相当于定语从句：_____________________ ...
3).similar to a level of noise... 是___________做____________，修饰______。相当于定语从句：___________similar to a level of noise...
【译文】 ______________________________________________________。
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise—not too loud and not total silence—may actually improve one’s creative thinking ability.
1).since引导的是一个_______________。意为________________。
E.g. Mark needs to learn Chinese __________his company is opening a branch in Beijing. Mark需要学习汉语是因为他的公司要在北京开分公司。
Why not buy a cheaper one, ___________you don’t have enough money 既然你没有足够的钱，为什么不买个便宜的？
2).suggest意为______________。后面接的是一个that引导的_____________。
3).not too loud and not total silence中的第二个not_______省略，省略时须把and换成________。
E.g. They have no books ____________magazines for sale. 他们既没有书可卖，也没有杂志可卖。（=they have no books ___________magazines for sale.）
【译文】______________________________________________________。
The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus.
1). to allow ... 是__________________做语副词enough的_______________语。
enough用作副词来修饰动词、形容词、副词时，后面常接一个___________做补足语。即“enough + 动词不定式”结构：
E.g. She lived long ______________ all her dreams. 她活得很久，足以实现她所有的梦想。
She was not old _________________ a car. 那时她很小，还不能开车。
Students brave ____________ the course deserve to succeed. 凡有足够勇气选这门课的学生一定能活得成功。
I was fool ______________ her. 我真是太傻了，居然相信了她。
2).without making ... 是“介词+动名词”短语形式作_______语，表_____________。
3).make + it（形式宾语）+adj.（宾语补足语）+ 动词不定式（真正宾语）。
E.g. Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make _______easier for it ___________. 如今人们有时把他们的废品分开来，以便更加容易被再利用。
The fact that she was foreign made _______ difficult for her _______ a job in that country. 她是外国人的事实使得她在那个国家难以找到工作。
【译文】______________________________________________________。
The problem may be that, in our offices, we can't stop ourselves from getting drawn into others’ conversations while we’re trying to focus.
1). 本句中that引导的是一个__________，that在从句中__________成分，也________。
E.g. Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was ______ it was rather closely modeled on his own life. 尔斯·狄更斯喜欢他自己的小说《大卫·科波菲尔》的部分原因是这部小说非常贴近他自己的生活。
One advantage of playing the guitar is _________ it can give you a great deal of pleasure. 句意是弹吉它的一个好处就是它能带给你许多乐趣。
2). while引导的时间状语从句中的动词必须是_______，不能是________。
E.g. We must strike __________the iron is hot. 我们必须乘热打铁。
___________ the discussion is going on, Gerhardt came in. 讨论还在进行的时候，杰哈特走了进来。
【译文】_____________________________________________________。
Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
1). found后面接的是一个that引导的_________；这个宾语从句是并列连词and yet连接的两个____________句。
2). and yet用作并列连词，相当于________。and有时可以________。
E.g. It is strange, _________it is true. 这很奇怪，但却是真的。
The essay is good, _______it could be improved. 这篇文章写得很好，但是还可以改进。
3). and yet后面的并列分句中的while also providing freedom from interruptions是时间状语从句____________also providing freedom from interruptions的简化，即省去了______。有时为了使语言简洁，常常将表示_____、_____或______等且主语与主句主语_______或是_______的状语从句进行“简化”，即直接采用连词加上______、_______、________、_______或_________的形式。
E.g. I was considering this ____________ as a nurse just a few weeks ago. 就在几个星期前，我当护士的时候，我一直在考虑这个问题。（= ... ____________________as ... ）
___________________ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. 当比较不同的文化的时候，我们通常总注意到它们之间的区别而没有注意到它们之间的相似之处。（= __________________ different cultures, ... ）
The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, _______________ by an adult. 学校规则说明任何孩子在白天不允许出校门，除非有成人陪同。（= ... during the day,_________________________ by an adult.）
________________, the company has about 1,000 buyers in over 30 countries. 尽管很小，但是这个公司已经在30多个国家有1 000名左右的客户。（= _____________________, the company has about... ）
________________, ring me at home--you know my number. 如有必要，你给我家里打电话--你知道我的电话号码的。（=__________________ , ring me... ）
The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked ______________whether he was going in the right direction. 我们跟踪的那个人突然停了下来，看上去好像要看看是否走对了方向。（= ... and looked_____________________whether he was going in the right direction. ）
【译文】_______________________________________________________。
What makes an open office unwelcome to many people
“make + 宾语 + 形容词（宾语补足语）”结构。
g. These successes made him ___________. 这些成功使他冲昏了头脑。
..., it's not difficult to make yourself _________ at a dinner party. ......，让你在晚宴聚会上有趣并不难。
During that time, increasing environmental awareness made it ___________. 在那段时间里，环境意识的不断提高使它（生态旅游）受到人们喜爱。
The discovery has made _________possible new techniques for brain surgery. 这个发现使得大脑手术新技术成为可能。
【译文】________________________________。精 读 高 考 真 题 (九）
高考英语真题是英语学习的宝藏，精读一篇远胜过刷题十篇。相较于教材、日常习题，高考真题的语料更加新颖、更有针对性。长期精读高考真题有利于增强英语学习的信心，从而极大提高学习英语的效率。
一、真题再现
When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a landline (座机)
These days you'd be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn’t own a mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.
Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter （29%） rely only on their smartphones, according to a survey （调查）.Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it's not really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket - 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category.
More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor （因素）-only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers who've perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isn't the only factor; I'd say it's also to do with the makeup of your household.
Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling before we pick up the phone (using Caller ID would take the fun out of it).
How attached are you to your landline How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries
24. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about mobile phones
A. Their target users. B. Their wide popularity.
C. Their major functions. D. Their complex design.
25. What does the underlined word "concede" in paragraph 3 mean
A. Admit. B. Argue. C. Remember. D. Remark.
26. What can we say about Baby Boomers
A. They like smartphone games. B. They enjoy guessing callers’ identity.
C. They keep using landline phones. D. They are attached to their family.
27. What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph
A. It remains a family necessity. B. It will fall out of use some day.
C. It may increase daily expenses. D. It is as important as the gas light.
（2021年全国乙卷阅读理解B篇）
二、语篇导读：本文的语篇类型是说明文，主题语境为人与社会。介绍了如今几乎每人都有手机的情况下，仍有一半以上的澳大利亚家庭坚持使用座机的现象，并分析其存在的原因。
三、重点单词（词性转换词、熟词生意词、超纲词）和短语
1. a mobile phone 手机
2. more than half of ... 一半以上的 ......（half前面不加冠词a）
3. pay for ... 为......付款，付钱给......
4. in fact 实际上，事实上
5. plenty of ... 大量的......，充足的......（后接可数名词或不可数名词，动词与此名词的数保持一致；通常用于肯定句，否定句和疑问句中使用enough, much或 many）
6. practically adv. 几乎、差不多；实际上、实践上
practical adj. 实际的，实用的，实践的
make calls 打电话
receive calls 接听电话
make and receive calls 接打电话
still adv. 但是，然而，尽管如此（熟词生义）
a quarter 四分之一
rely on ... 依赖......，依靠......
according to ... 根据......，按照......
smartphone n. 智能手机（合成词）
a third (of ... ) 三分之一（的 ...... ）
concede vt. 承认（后常接that从句，同义词：admit）（课标外词）
keep ... as ... 把......留作为......
a security blanket （小孩喜欢抱着以得到安全感的）安乐毯，安慰物（指能带给人安
全感的人或者事物）
17. further adj. 更多的，附加的，另外的（熟词生义）
18. in case of ... 在......情形时，万一......
19. fall into ... n. 属于......，分成......
fall into that category 属于那一类
choose to do sth. 选择做某事
stick with ... 继续做/使用......，坚持......，不放弃......
naturally adv. 自然地，当然地，天然地
natural adj. 自然的，天然的
nature n. 自然，自然界
Generation Y Y一代（指20世纪80年代后至本世纪初出生的年轻人）
Generation X X一代（又称“失落的一代”，指20世纪60年代末到70年代中期出生
的那拨人，是Generation Y之前的一代）
now and then 有时，偶尔（相当于sometimes）
compared to/with ... 与......比较起来，较之......
boomer n. （非正式）在生育高峰期出生的人
Baby Boomers 婴儿潮一代（在1946-1964年出生的孩子被称为“婴儿潮一代”）
boom v. 突然繁荣，暴涨
makeup n. 组成，构成（动词转名词）
household n. 家庭，一家人（合成词）
provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物（=provide sb. with sth.）
that said, ... 尽管如此，......
pick up the phone 拿起电话，接电话
Caller ID n. 来电显示
take the fun out of ... 是......失去乐趣
attached adj. 喜爱的，依恋的（分词形容词）
be attached to ... 喜爱......，依恋......
attach vt. 粘贴，使附属，使喜爱
delivery n. 投递，发送（-y接在形容词、动词后构成名词）
milk deliveries 牛奶投送
deliver v. 投递，传送
go the way of ... 走......的道路，重蹈......的覆辙
target users 目标用户
popularity n. 流行，受欢迎
wide popularity 广受欢迎，广泛流行
popular adj. 流行的，大众的，受欢迎的
necessity n. （U）必要（性），（C）必需品
a family necessity 家庭必需品
necessary adj. 必要的，必需的，必须的
fall ou of ... 从......落下
fall out of use 停止使用
some day 总有一天，有朝一日
daily expenses 日常开销
四、关键结构和长难句
1. When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a landline (座机) .
1).本句中的when意为“既然、尽管、虽然”，不表示单纯的时间意义；主从句之间没有时间关系，只有意义上的对比关系，而且是彼此相反的强烈对比。
E.g. Why do I have to swithch on the light, when you are much closer to it 既然你离灯那么近，为什么非要让我过去开灯？
We act as though comfort and luxury were the chief requirements of life, when all that we need to make us really happy is something to be enthusiastic about. 我们待人处事，往往以舒适豪华为人生的主要要求，而其实唯一使我们过得真正幸福的，就是要有所热情关注。
How can I ever get a job in America when I can’t even speak English 我连英语都不会说，又怎么能够在美国找到工作呢？
How silly we are to sit around inside when outside it is so lovely. 外面这么好，咱们呆在室内多么笨。
2).half of + 名词（或代词）充当主语时，其谓语动词的数与half本身无关，而决定于half of之后的名词（或代词）的数。名词为单数，谓语动词用单数；名词为复数，谓语动词用复数。
E.g. Half of the land is cultivated. 这些土地的一半已耕种。
Half of the books have been placed on the shelves. 这些书有一半已放在书架上了。
【参考译文】既然几乎每个人都有手机，为什么超过一半的澳大利亚家庭还在为固定电话付费？
2. These days you'd be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn’t own a mobile phone.
1).be hard pressed to do sth. 意为“很难做某事”，相当于have difficulty (in) doing sth.。
E.g. You’d be hard pressed to find anyone better for the job.(=You’d have difficulty (in) finding anyone better for the job.) 找一个更好的人来做这一工作很难。
This year the airlines will be hard pressed to make a profit. 今年各航空公司将难以盈利。
Although her husband has promised again and again to be faithful to her, Mary is
still hard pressed to let her defenses down.(= ... Mary still has difficulty (in) letting her defenses down.) 尽管她的丈夫再三承诺会对她忠诚，玛丽还是很难放下戒备心理。
2). who doesn’t own a mobile phone是一个定语从句，关系代词who指代先行词anyone，并在从句中做主语。在通常情况下，用作主语的that远没有who那么常用，但是， 在形容词最高级之后以及all, nobody, no one, somebody, someone, anybody等和those之后也可以用that作关系代词。
E.g. He was the best king who/that ever sat on the throne. 他是这个王朝建立以来最贤明的君主。
All who/that heard him were delighted. 所有听了他讲话的人都很高兴。
Happiness and success often come to those who are good at recognizing their own
strengths. 幸福和成功总青睐能善于意识到自己长处的人们。
【参考译文】现如今，你很难在澳大利亚找到一个15岁以上没有手机的人。
3. Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it's not really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket - 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies.
1). Of those Australians who still have a landline部分为了强调，被放到了句首。原来的语序是：A third of those Australians who still have a landline concede that ... 。主语是those Australians，谓语动词是concede；who still have a landline是定语从句，关系代词who指代先行词those Australians, 在从句中做主语；concede后面接了两个宾语从句，由and并列；破折号后while引导一个对比状语从句。
2). Of those Australians who still have a landline本来在a third和19 percent后面，为了强调被放到了句首。表示分数、百分数的的短语作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式和分数后面的名词（或代词）一致。
E.g. Two thirds of the apples were bad. 三分之二的苹果坏了。
Approximately three-fourths of the earth’s surface is covered with water。 大约四分之三的地球表面被水所覆盖。
One-third of the country is covered with trees and the majority of the citizens are black people. 这个国家的三分之一覆盖着森林，并且大多数公民是黑人。
As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area need repairing. 由于洪水爆发，这个地区三分之二的建筑需要修复。
The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third were used regularly. Now we have 60 working all day long. 公司有将近20台笔记本电脑，但是只有三分之一被经常使用。现在我们每天有60台都在全天候的使用着。
Two fifths of the land in that district is covered with trees and grass. 那个地区五分之二的土地被树木和草覆盖着。
3). while引导对比状语从句，用以比较或对比两个事实，表示两者的不同。意为“而，然而”，相当于whereas。
E.g. Fred gambled his money away while Julia spent hers all on dresses and bric-a-brac. 弗雷德把自己的钱赌博赌掉，而朱丽亚则把钱花在衣服和摆设上。
Geographically, the UK is on the periphery of Europe, while Paris is at the heart of the continent. 从地理上来说，英国位于欧洲的边沿，而巴黎则是在大陆的中心。
【参考译文】在那些仍然拥有固定电话的澳大利亚人中，三分之一承认这是不是真的有必要，他们把它当作安慰物——19% 的人说他们从不使用它，而另外 13% 的人会保留它以防万一。
Age isn't the only factor; I'd say it's also to do with the makeup of your household.
1). I’d是I would的缩写形式。这里助动词would用来表示委婉语气，不把话说死。
E.g. I’d say it’s too late. 看来为时已晚。
I’d have to sit down and think. 我需要坐下来想一想。
2). be to do with ... 意为“与......有关”，“与......有联系”。
E.g. It may be to do with history. 这也许与历史有关。
Talent isn’t the only factor; it is also to do with diligence. 天赋是一方面，它还与后天的勤奋有关。
【参考译文】年龄不是唯一的因素；我想说这也与你家的构成有关。
Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member.
1). 句中的it用作形式宾语（或称先行宾语），正真的宾语是to have a home phone。即“find + it + adj. + to do sth”.结构
E.g. Haywood found it difficult to explain his beliefs to Philip. 海伍德觉得难于向菲利普解释他的信念。
Sometimes he found it very hard to like Fellowes. 有时他觉得很难喜欢费洛斯。
She soon found it possible to do this regularly. 她很快发现有可能经常感这种事。
2). 本句中的rather than用作介词，意为“而不是”，相当于instead of。
E.g. We ought to cheek up, rather than just accepting what he says. 我们应该检查一下，而不是只接受他所说的话。
Their actions precipitated the war rather than averting it. 他们的行动不是阻止战争而是加速战争。
【参考译文】有年轻家庭的X一代，比如我和我的妻子，还是会发现有一部家用电话比为每个家庭成员提供一部手机更方便。
That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling before we pick up the phone (using Caller ID would take the fun out of it).
1). to be honest意为“诚实地说”、“老实说”，一般放在句首或用作插入语，独立使用。用来表示说话人对说话内容所持的态度，即对句子内容的评论。可成为“评论性动词不定式”（也有专家学者把这种不定式称为“独立不定式”）。类似的还有：to begin/start with（首先），to conclude（最后），to tell the truth（说实话），to be fair（公平而论），to put it mildly（说得委婉些），to be precise（准确地说），to be truthful（诚实地说），to be frank with you（坦白地对你说），to speak candidly（坦率地说），to put it briefly（简而言之）。
E.g. We can’t go. To begin with, it’s too cold. Besides, we’ve no money. 我们不能走。首先，天气太冷。另外，我们也没钱。
To tell he truth, I was not sorry to be rid of him. 说实话，离开他，我并不难过。
To put it mildly, she’s just a bit inquisitive. 说得委婉些，她只是爱管闲事。
To be frank with you, I like you, and should be glad to give you any help I can. 坦白地对你说，我喜欢你，很高兴给你我所能给的一切帮助。
2). who ever ring our home phone是定语从句，关系代词who指代先行词people，并在从句中做主语。
当先行词受only修饰时，定语从句中充当主语的关系代词在表示人时，使用that多于who；在表示物时，使用that多于which。
E.g. He’s the only man that can do it. 他时唯一能做这事的人。
She’s the only person that understand me. 她是唯一了解我的人。
“Because they are the only people who have golden trumpets,”said the ruler. “因为只有他们才有金喇叭，”国王说，“其余的都是穷苦大众。”
3). where we play a game and guess who is calling before we pick up the phone ... 是定语从句，where用作关系副词，先行词是point。to the point ... 意为“达到......的程度”，“近乎......”。
关系副词where的先行词通常是表地点或处所的名词。
E.g. This is the town where I was born. 这是我出生的那个小镇。
但是，关系副词where的先行词也可以是point，case，condition，situation，
stage，position，job，activity，family，race，environment，letter，work，topic等名词。
E.g. I have reached a point in my life where I am supposed to make decisions of my own. 在我的生活中我已经到了我要自己做出决定的这个地步了。
We're just trying to reach a point where both sides will sit down together and talk. 我们只是在努力达到一个能使双方坐下来对话的点。
And there’s one point where I’d like your advice. 有一点我想征求您的意见。
You reach a point in any project where you just want to get the thing finished. 从事任何一个项目你都会进入一种境界：一心只想完成它。
【参考译文】尽管如此，老实说，唯一给我们家打电话的人是我们婴儿潮一代的父母，以至于我们玩游戏并在接电话之前猜测谁打电话（使用来电显示会失去乐趣）。
【答案】B A C B
【附：学案】
精 读 高 考 真 题 (九）
高考英语真题是英语学习的宝藏，精读一篇远胜过刷题十篇。相较于教材、日常习题，高考真题的语料更加新颖、更有针对性。长期精读高考真题有利于增强英语学习的信心，从而极大提高学习英语的效率。
一、真题再现
When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a landline (座机)
These days you'd be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn’t own a mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.
Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter （29%） rely only on their smartphones, according to a survey （调查）.Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it's not really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket - 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category.
More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor （因素）-only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers who've perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isn't the only factor; I'd say it's also to do with the makeup of your household.
Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling before we pick up the phone (using Caller ID would take the fun out of it).
How attached are you to your landline How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries
24. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about mobile phones
A. Their target users. B. Their wide popularity.
C. Their major functions. D. Their complex design.
25. What does the underlined word "concede" in paragraph 3 mean
A. Admit. B. Argue. C. Remember. D. Remark.
26. What can we say about Baby Boomers
A. They like smartphone games. B. They enjoy guessing callers’ identity.
C. They keep using landline phones. D. They are attached to their family.
27. What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph
A. It remains a family necessity. B. It will fall out of use some day.
C. It may increase daily expenses. D. It is as important as the gas light.
（2021年全国乙卷阅读理解B篇）
二、语篇导读：本文的语篇类型是_______，主题语境为__________。介绍了_________________________________________________________。
三、重点单词（词性转换词、熟词生意词、超纲词）和短语
1. a mobile phone
2. more than half of ...
3. pay for ...
4. in fact
5. plenty of ...
6. practically adv.
practical adj.
make calls
receive calls
make and receive calls
still adv.
a quarter
rely on ...
according to ...
smartphone n.
a third (of ... )
concede vt.
keep ... as ...
16.a security blanket
17. further adj.
18. in case of ...
19. fall into ... n.
fall into that category
choose to do sth.
stick with ...
naturally adv.
natural adj.
nature n.
Generation Y
Generation X
now and then
compared to/with ...
boomer n.
Baby Boomers
boom v.
makeup n.
household n.
provide sth. for sb.
that said, ...
pick up the phone
Caller ID n.
take the fun out of ...
attached adj.
be attached to ...
attach vt.
delivery n.
milk deliveries
deliver v.
go the way of ...
target users
popularity n.
wide popularity
popular adj.
necessity n.
a family necessity
necessary adj.
fall ou of ...
fall out of use
some day
daily expenses
四、关键结构和长难句
1. When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a landline (座机) .
1).本句中的when意为______________，不表示单纯的时间意义；主从句之间没有时间关系，只有意义上的对比关系，而且是彼此相反的强烈对比。
E.g. Why do I have to swithch on the light, _________you are much closer to it 既然你离灯那么近，为什么非要让我过去开灯？
We act as though comfort and luxury were the chief requirements of life, ______ all that we need to make us really happy is something to be enthusiastic about. 我们待人处事，往往以舒适豪华为人生的主要要求，而其实唯一使我们过得真正幸福的，就是要有所热情关注。
How can I ever get a job in America _________ I can’t even speak English 我连英语都不会说，又怎么能够在美国找到工作呢？
How silly we are to sit around inside __________ outside it is so lovely. 外面这么好，咱们呆在室内多么笨。
2).half of + 名词（或代词）充当主语时，其谓语动词的数与half本身_______，而决定于_________________的数。名词为单数，谓语动词用单数；名词为复数，谓语动词用复数。
E.g. Half of the land ________ cultivated. 这些土地的一半已耕种。
Half of the books __________________ on the shelves. 这些书有一半已放在书架上了。
【译文】____________________________________________________？
2. These days you'd be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn’t own a mobile phone.
1).be hard pressed to do sth. 意为_______________，相当于______________________。
E.g. You’d ______________________ anyone better for the job.(=You’d ______________________anyone better for the job.) 找一个更好的人来做这一工作很难。
This year the airlines will __________________ a profit. 今年各航空公司将难以盈利。
Although her husband has promised again and again to be faithful to her, Mary ________________________ her defenses down.(= ... Mary still ________________________ her defenses down.) 尽管她的丈夫再三承诺会对她忠诚，玛丽还是很难放下戒备心理。
2). who doesn’t own a mobile phone是一个___________，关系代词who指代先行词_________，并在从句中做_________语。在通常情况下，用作主语的that远没有who那么常用，但是， 在形容词最高级之后以及all, nobody, no one, somebody, someone, anybody等和those之后也可以用that作关系代词。
E.g. He was the best king ____________ ever sat on the throne. 他是这个王朝建立以来最贤明的君主。
All ____________ heard him were delighted. 所有听了他讲话的人都很高兴。
Happiness and success often come to those __________are good at recognizing their own strengths. 幸福和成功总青睐能善于意识到自己长处的人们。
【译文】_______________________________________________。
3. Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it's not really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket - 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies.
1). Of those Australians who still have a landline部分为了________，被放到了句首。原来的语序是：_____________________________________ concede that... 。主语是_________________，谓语动词是_____________；who still have a landline是________________，关系代词who指代先行词__________________, 在从句中做______语；concede后面接了两个___________，由_______并列；破折号后while引导一个__________________。
2). Of those Australians who still have a landline本来在a third和19 percent后面，为了强调被放到了句首。表示分数、百分数的的短语作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式和____________________一致。
E.g. Two thirds of the apples __________bad. 三分之二的苹果坏了。
Approximately three-fourths of the earth’s surface __________covered with water。 大约四分之三的地球表面被水所覆盖。
One-third of the country __________covered with trees and the majority of the citizens are black people. 这个国家的三分之一覆盖着森林，并且大多数公民是黑人。
As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area _________repairing. 由于洪水爆发，这个地区三分之二的建筑需要修复。
The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third ____________ used regularly. Now we have 60 working all day long. 公司有将近20台笔记本电脑，但是只有三分之一被经常使用。现在我们每天有60台都在全天候的使用着。
Two fifths of the land in that district _______ covered with trees and grass. 那个地区五分之二的土地被树木和草覆盖着。
3). while引导对比状语从句，用以__________个事实，表示两者的不同。意为_________，相当于whereas。
E.g. Fred gambled his money away _______ Julia spent hers all on dresses and bric-a-brac. 弗雷德把自己的钱赌博赌掉，而朱丽亚则把钱花在衣服和摆设上。
Geographically, the UK is on the periphery of Europe, ________ Paris is at the heart of the continent. 从地理上来说，英国位于欧洲的边沿，而巴黎则是在大陆的中心。
【译文】________________________________________________________。
Age isn't the only factor; I'd say it's also to do with the makeup of your household.
1). I’d是I would的缩写形式。这里助动词would用来表示委婉语气，不把话说死。
E.g. I’d say it’s too late. 看来为时已晚。
I’d have to sit down and think. 我需要坐下来想一想。
2). be to do with ... 意为_____________________。
E.g. It may ________________history. 这也许与历史有关。
Talent isn’t the only factor; it _______________ diligence. 天赋是一方面，它还与后天的勤奋有关。
【译文】_______________________________________。
Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member.
1). 句中的it用__________________，正真的宾语是__________________。即“find +_____+ adj. + ___________”.结构
E.g. Haywood found_______difficult_________________ his beliefs to Philip. 海伍德觉得难于向菲利普解释他的信念。
Sometimes he found ____________ very hard ____________ Fellowes. 有时他觉得很难喜欢费洛斯。
She soon found ___________possible ___________ this regularly. 她很快发现有可能经常感这种事。
2). 本句中的rather than用作介词，意为______________，相当于instead of。
E.g. We ought to cheek up, ____________ just _______ what he says. 我们应该检查一下，而不是只接受他所说的话。
Their actions precipitated the war ___________________it. 他们的行动不是阻止战争而是加速战争。
【译文】_______________________________________________________。
That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling before we pick up the phone (using Caller ID would take the fun out of it).
1). to be honest意为__________________，一般放在________或用作_________，独立使用。用来表示说话人对说话内容所持的态度，即对句子内容的评论。可成为“评论性动词不定式”（也有专家学者把这种不定式称为“独立不定式”）。类似的还有：to begin/start with（首先），to conclude（最后），to tell the truth（说实话），to be fair（公平而论），to put it mildly（说得委婉些），to be precise（准确地说），to be truthful（诚实地说），to be frank with you（坦白地对你说），to speak candidly（坦率地说），to put it briefly（简而言之）。
E.g. We can’t go. _______________, it’s too cold. Besides, we’ve no money. 我们不能走。首先，天气太冷。另外，我们也没钱。
______________, I was not sorry to be rid of him. 说实话，离开他，我并不难过。
________________, she’s just a bit inquisitive. 说得委婉些，她只是爱管闲事。
_________________, I like you, and should be glad to give you any help I can. 坦白地对你说，我喜欢你，很高兴给你我所能给的一切帮助。
2). who ever ring our home phone是___________，关系代词who指代先行词______，并在从句中做________。
当先行词受only修饰时，定语从句中充当主语的关系代词在表示人时，使用that多于who；在表示物时，使用that多于which。
E.g. He’s the only man that can do it. 他时唯一能做这事的人。
She’s the only person that understand me. 她是唯一了解我的人。
“Because they are the only people who have golden trumpets,”said the ruler. “因为只有他们才有金喇叭，”国王说，“其余的都是穷苦大众。”
3). where we play a game and guess who is calling before we pick up the phone ... 是________，where用作_________，先行词是_________。to the point ... 意为___________。
关系副词where的先行词通常是表地点或处所的名词。
E.g. This is the town ____________ I was born. 这是我出生的那个小镇。
但是，关系副词where的先行词也可以是point，case，condition，situation，
stage，position，job，activity，family，race，environment，letter，work，topic等名词。
E.g. I have reached a point in my life ___________ I am supposed to make decisions of my own. 在我的生活中我已经到了我要自己做出决定的这个地步了。
We're just trying to reach a point _______ both sides will sit down together and talk. 我们只是在努力达到一个能使双方坐下来对话的点。
And there’s one point _________ I’d like your advice. 有一点我想征求您的意见。
You reach a point in any project ___________ you just want to get the thing finished. 从事任何一个项目你都会进入一种境界：一心只想完成它。
【参考译文】___________________________________________________。精 读 高 考 真 题 (一）
高考英语真题是英语学习的宝藏，精读一篇远胜过刷题十篇。相较于教材、日常习题，高考真题的语料更加新颖、更有针对性。长期精读高考真题有利于增强英语学习的信心，从而极大提高学习英语的效率。
一、真题再现
Rome can be pricey for travelers, which is why many choose to stay in a hostel (旅社). The hostels in Rome offer a bed in a dorm room for around $25 a night, and for that, you’ll often get to stay in a central location (位置) with security and comfort.
Yellow Hostel
If I had to make just one recommendation for where to stay in Rome, it would be Yellow Hostel. It’s one of the best-rated hostels in the city, and for good reason. It’s affordable, and it’s got a fun atmosphere without being too noisy. As an added bonus, it’s close to the main train station.
Hostel Alessandro Palace
If you love social hostels, this is the best hostel for you in Rome, Hostel Alessandro Palace is fun. Staff members hold plenty of bar events for guests like free shots, bar crawls and karaoke. There’s also an area on the rooftop for hanging out with other travelers during the summer.
Youth Station Hostel
If you’re looking for cleanliness and a modern hostel, look no further than Youth Station. It offers beautiful furnishings and beds. There are plenty of other benefits, too; it doesn’t charge city tax; it has both air conditioning and a heater for the rooms; it also has free Wi-Fi in every room.
Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes
Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes is located just a 10-minute walk from the central city station and it’s close to all of the city’s main attractions. The staff is friendly and helpful, providing you with a map of the city when you arrive, and offering advice if you require some. However, you need to pay 2 euros a day for Wi-Fi.
21. What is probably the major concern of travelers who choose to stay in a hostel
A. Comfort. B. Security. C. Price. D. Location.
22. Which hotel best suits people who enjoy an active social life
A. Yellow Hostel. B. Hostel Alessandro Palace.
C. Youth Station Hostel. D. Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes.
23. What is the disadvantage of Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes
A. It gets noisy at night. B. Its staff is too talkative.
C. It charges for Wi-Fi. D. It’s inconveniently located.
（2021年全国新高考I卷阅读理解A篇）
语篇导读 本文的语篇类型是应用文，主题语境为人与社会。向想到罗马旅行的人推荐了罗马的四种特色旅社。
重点单词（词性转换词、熟词生意词、超纲词）和短语
pricey adj. （通常作表语）高价的，昂贵的（-y置于名词后构成形容词，表示“有......的”、“充满......的”、“有......趋势的”、“似......的”）
price n. 价格，价钱
$25 a night 每晚25美元（a意为“ 每...... ”，相当于per）
2 euros a day 每天2欧元
with security 安全地（相当于securely)
with comfort 舒适地，舒服地（相当于comfortably）
recommendation n. 推荐，建议（-ation接在动词或形容词之后，构成名词，表示“行为”、“状态”、“过程”，“结果”。同样的还有：ition, sion, tion, xion, ion等）
make a recommendation 推荐，建议
recommend vt. 推荐，建议
best-rated adj. 评级最高的，最佳的（合成词）
rate vt. 评估，定级
for good reason 有原因地，有充分理由地
affordable adj. （价格等）负担得起的、支付得起的（-able接在及物动词之后构成形容词，表示“能够......的”、“适于......的”、“值得......的”、“易于......的”）
afford vt. 负担得起
fun adj. 有趣的，愉快的
a fun atmosphere 有趣的氛围
added adj. 附加的，额外的（分词形容词）
add vt. 加，添加，附加
staff members 职工（合成词）
event n.（社交聚会、体育比赛等有计划、有组织的）活动（熟词生义）
hold plenty of events 举行大量的活动
plenty of 大量的，充足的（后接可数名词或不可数名词，动词与此名词的数保持一致；
通常用于肯定句，否定句和疑问句中使用enough, much或 many）
shot (c)n. 少量饮料，（尤指）少量烈酒（熟词生义）
a shot of whisky 一点威士忌
free shots 免费的酒水
crawl n. 爬行（课标外词）
bar crawls 不停地变换酒吧喝酒，串酒吧（英国人喜欢玩的一种群体社会活动，也可以叫做pub crawl或bar-hopping）
hang out 闲逛，逗留
cleanliness （u）n. 清洁，干净（-ness接在形容词、分词后构成名词，表示“性质”、“状态”）
cleanly adj. 爱干净的
furnishings n. （pl.）家具陈设，室内陈设
furnish vt. 为(房子、房间）配备（家具等）
charge tax 收税
charge sb. ... for ... 因为...... 向某人收多少费
charge for Wi-Fi 收无线网费
air conditioning 空调，冷气
heater n. 加热器 heat v. 加热，变热
located adj. 位于，坐落在（分词形容词）
locate vt. 确定......的位置
location n. 位置，定位
attraction (c)n. 吸引人的事物或地方
a tourist attraction 旅游胜地
the city’s main attractions 城市的主要景点
attract vt. 吸引，引起（注意、关心）
pay (sb.) ... for... 为 ...... 支付（某人）...... 费用
get noisy （变得）吵闹
talkative adj. 爱多说话的，健谈的（-ative接在名词或动词后，构成形容词，表示“有......倾向或性质的”）
talk v. 说话，谈话，谈论，讨论
inconveniently adv. 不方便地，麻烦（-ly接在形容词、分词后构成副词）
inconvenient adj. 不方便的（in-表示“无”、“不”、“非”）
convenient adj. 便利的，近便的
四、关键结构和长难句
1. Rome can be pricey for travelers, which is why many choose to stay in a hostel.
1). 情态动词can表示“（理论上、经验上）（有时）可能会......”，“有时会......”
E.g. Peter can come with us together, but he isn’t very sure yet. 彼得今晚可能同我们一起去，但他还不能肯定。
2). which引导非限制性定语从句，指前面Rome can be pricey for travelers这件事，相当于and that。
E.g. He changed his mind, which made me very angry. 他改变了注意，这让我很生气。（=He changed his mind, and that made ... ）
【参考译文】对于旅行者来说，罗马可能花费高，这是许多人选择住旅社的原因。
2. ... and for that, you’ll often get to stay in a central location (位置) with security and comfort.
stay是个静态动词， 既没有动作的起点，也没有动作的终点。要想表达动作的起点，怎么办呢？只要加上get to就行了。get to stay使stay这个静态动词有了动态的含义。即：“get to + 静态动词（如know, understand, be, love, like, live等）”结构。现代语言学家把get to看作是“半助动词”。
E.g. Over the next few days they got to know the town well. 在随后的几天里他们就熟悉了这个城市。
I shall get to like them in time, I suppose. 我想到时候我会喜欢上他们的。
I’ll never get to understand him. 我永远也不会理解他。
同样用法的还有come to。即：“come to + 静态动词”
E.g. How did you come to know him 你是怎么认识（上）他的呢？
I hope we shall be friends and come to understand one other. 我希望我们将成为朋友，能够互相理解。
【参考译文】......因此，你会经常有机会安全舒适地呆在（城市的）中心位置。
If I had to make just one recommendation for where to stay in Rome, it would be Yellow Hostel.
1). 本句的主句和从句谓语动词都用了虚拟语气的形式，表示说话人把动词所表达的行为或状态看作只是存在于说话人想象中的“假想”，而不看作是客观现实。本句的主句和从句都是表示对现在时间的虚拟，这时虚拟条件句中动词用过去时（be动词用were），主句中动词用would/should + 动词原形。
E.g. If he had any money, he’d leave home. 他要是有钱，他就离开家了。
If I were you, I’d start parking now. 我要是你，我现在就动手收拾行装了。
表示非真实条件有多种语言方式，用if条件句表示是最普通的形式。
2). where to stay in Rome相当于宾语从句where you should stay in Rome。
“疑问词 + 动词不定式”结构： 在英语中，疑问词（疑问代词what、which、who、whom等，疑问副词where、when、how等） + 动词不定式构成不定式短语，在句中可做主语、宾语、标语等，相当于一个名词性从句。
E.g. We must first solve the problem of whom to serve.（=We must first solve the problem of whom we should serve.） 我们必须首先解决为谁服务的问题。
She didn’t know which bus to take.（=she didn’t know which bus she should take.） 她不知道乘哪路车。
When and where to have the party is not known.（=When and where we should have the party is not known.） 何时何地举行聚会还不知道。
The difficulty is how to do the most of the work with the least of money.（=The difficulty is how we should do the most of the work with the least money.） 困难时如何尽量少用钱多办事。
【参考译文】在罗马住哪里，我要是只做一种推荐，那就是Yellow Hostel。
If you’re looking for cleanliness and a modern hostel, look no further than Youth Station.
look no further than ... 表示“只需看看…就可以了”
“no further than ... ”表示“和......一样近”，意在言其近。
在“no +形容词（或副词）比较级+than”的结构中，其意义和口气在于强调该形容词或副词的反面性质，是一种形式上表示比较、意义上表示等同的形容词或副词短语。
E.g. He had travelled no further than seven miles across the Channel when his engine failed. 他在英吉利海峡上空刚刚飞行了七英里，他的发动机就出故障了。
They now have no more than 500 students in the attached middle school. 现在他们附中的学生仅有500人。
He is no better at golf than swimming. 他打高尔夫跟游泳一样差劲。
No fewer than 50 people competed. 参加竞赛的有50人之多
No less than fifty people were killed in the accident. 在这次事故中死亡者多达50人。
Now many neckties are no wider than a piece of string. 现在许多领带窄得像条绳子。
【参考译文】如果你在找干净、现代的旅社，只需看看Youth Station就可以了。
The staff is friendly and helpful, providing you with a map of the city when you arrive, and offering advice if you require some.
providing..., and offering是两个并列的现在分词短语做状语，表示方式，他们的逻辑主语就是the staff。当分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。由此来决定分词的形式：当句子主语从语义上看是分词所表达的动作的发出者（施动者）时，应使用现在分词；当句子主语是分词说表达的动作的对象（受动者）时，应使用过去分词。
E.g. Having no money, we couldn’t get in. 由于没有钱，我们不能进去。
She enters, accompanied by her mother. 她由妈妈陪伴著走了进去。
【参考译文】员工们友好又乐于助人，你到的时候会提供一张城市地图，有需要的话会提供建议。
【答案】C B C
【附：学案】
精 读 高 考 真 题 (一）
一、真题再现
Rome can be pricey for travelers, which is why many choose to stay in a hostel (旅社). The hostels in Rome offer a bed in a dorm room for around $25 a night, and for that, you’ll often get to stay in a central location (位置) with security and comfort.
Yellow Hostel
If I had to make just one recommendation for where to stay in Rome, it would be Yellow Hostel. It’s one of the best-rated hostels in the city, and for good reason. It’s affordable, and it’s got a fun atmosphere without being too noisy. As an added bonus, it’s close to the main train station.
Hostel Alessandro Palace
If you love social hostels, this is the best hostel for you in Rome, Hostel Alessandro Palace is fun. Staff members hold plenty of bar events for guests like free shots, bar crawls and karaoke. There’s also an area on the rooftop for hanging out with other travelers during the summer.
Youth Station Hostel
If you’re looking for cleanliness and a modern hostel, look no further than Youth Station. It offers beautiful furnishings and beds. There are plenty of other benefits, too; it doesn’t charge city tax; it has both air conditioning and a heater for the rooms; it also has free Wi-Fi in every room.
Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes
Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes is located just a 10-minute walk from the central city station and it’s close to all of the city’s main attractions. The staff is friendly and helpful, providing you with a map of the city when you arrive, and offering advice if you require some. However, you need to pay 2 euros a day for Wi-Fi.
21. What is probably the major concern of travelers who choose to stay in a hostel
A. Comfort. B. Security. C. Price. D. Location.
22. Which hotel best suits people who enjoy an active social life
A. Yellow Hostel. B. Hostel Alessandro Palace.
C. Youth Station Hostel. D. Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes.
23. What is the disadvantage of Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes
A. It gets noisy at night. B. Its staff is too talkative.
C. It charges for Wi-Fi. D. It’s inconveniently located.
（2021年全国新高考I卷阅读理解A篇）
语篇导读：本文的语篇类型是_____文，主题语境为___________。文章大意：___________________________________________________。
重点单词（词性转换词、熟词生意词、超纲词）和短语
1.pricey adj.
price n.
2.$25 a night
euros a day
3.with security
with comfort
4.recommendation n.
make a recommendation
recommend vt.
5.best-rated adj.
rate vt.
6.for good reason
7.affordable adj.
afford vt.
8.fun adj.
a fun atmosphere
9.added adj.
add vt.
10.staff members
11.event n.
hold plenty of events
12.plenty of
13.shot (c)n.
a shot of whisky
free shots
14.crawl n.
bar crawls
15.hang out
16.cleanliness （u）n.
cleanly adj.
17.furnishings n. （pl.）
furnish vt.
18.charge tax
charge sb. ... for ...
charge for Wi-Fi
19.air conditioning
20.heater n.
heat v.
21.located adj.
locate vt.
location n.
22.attraction (c)n.
a tourist attraction
the city’s main attractions
attract vt.
23.pay (sb.) ... for...
24.get noisy
25.talkative adj.
talk v.
26.inconveniently adv.
inconvenient adj.
convenient adj.
四、关键结构和长难句
1. Rome can be pricey for travelers, which is why many choose to stay in a hostel.
1). 情态动词can表示_________________________________
E.g. Peter _______ ________ ______ us together, but he isn’t very sure yet. 彼得今晚可能同我们一起去，但他还不能肯定。
2). which引导___________从句，指______________________________，相当于______________。
E.g. He changed his mind, ______ _______ me very angry. 他改变了注意，这让我很生气。（=He changed his mind, _____ _____ ______ me very angry.）
【翻译】______________________________________________________。
2. ... and for that, you’ll often get to stay in a central location (位置) with security and comfort.
get + to do ________________
E.g. I don’t ________________ the movies very often. 我没有机会经常去看电影。
【翻译】___________________________________________________。
3.If I had to make just one recommendation for where to stay in Rome, it would be Yellow Hostel.
1). 本句的主句和从句谓语动词都用了虚拟语气的形式，表示说话人把动词所表达的行为或状态看作只是存在于说话人想象中的“假想”，而不看作是客观现实。本句的主句和从句都是表示对______时间的虚拟，这时虚拟条件句中动词用_______，主句中动词用______/_______/______/_______ + ________。
E.g. If he ______ any money, he_____ ______ home. 他要是有钱，他就离开家了。
If I ____ you, I_____ ____ parking now. 我要是你，我现在就动手收拾行装了。
表示非真实条件有多种语言方式，用if条件句表示是最普通的形式。
2). where to stay in Rome相当于________从句________________________。
疑问词+动词不定式： 在英语中，疑问词（疑问代词what、which、who、whom等，疑问副词where、when、how等） + 动词不定式构成不定式短语，在句中可做主语、宾语、表语等，相当于一个________从句。
E.g. We must first solve the problem of _____ ____ ______.（=We must first solve the problem of ______ _____ _____ ____.） 我们必须首先解决为谁服务的问题。
She didn’t know _____ ______ _____ _____-.（=she didn’t know _______ ______ _____ ________ ______.） 她不知道乘哪路车。
_______ _____ ______ _____ ______ the party is not known.（=_______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ the party is not known.） 何时何地举行聚会还不知道。
The difficulty is _____ _____ _____ the most of the work with the least of money.（=The difficulty is ____ _____ ______ _____ the most of the work with the least money.） 困难时如何尽量少用钱多办事。
【翻译】_________________________________________________________。
4.If you’re looking for cleanliness and a modern hostel, look no further than Youth Station.
look no further than ... ____________________
no further than表示______________，意在言其_____。
在“no +形容词（或副词）比较级+than”的结构中，其意义和口气在于强调该形容词或副词的_____面性质。
E.g. He had travelled ______ ______ _____ seven miles across the Channel when his engine failed. 他在英吉利海峡上空刚刚飞行了七英里，他的发动机就出故障了。
They now have _____ ______ ______ 500 students in the attached middle school. 现在他们附中的学生仅有500人。
He is ____ ______ at golf ______ swimming. 他打高尔夫跟游泳一样差劲。
【翻译】______________________________________________________。
5.The staff is friendly and helpful, providing you with a map of the city when you arrive, and offering advice if you require some.
providing..., and offering是两个并列的____分词短语做______语，他们的逻辑主语就是________。当分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是______的主语。由此来决定分词的形式：当句子主语从语义上看是分词所表达的动作的发出者（施动者）时，应使用_____分词；当句子主语是分词说表达的动作的对象（受动者）时，应使用_______分词。
E.g. ______ no money, we couldn’t get in. 由于没有钱，我们不能进去。
She enters, ____________ by her mother. 她由妈妈陪伴著走了进去。
【翻译】__________________________________________________________。精 读 高 考 真 题 (十三）
高考英语真题是英语学习的宝藏，精读一篇远胜过刷题十篇。相较于教材、日常习题，高考真题的语料更加新颖、更有针对性。长期精读高考真题有利于增强英语学习的信心，从而极大提高学习英语的效率。
一、真题再现
According to Jessica Hagy, author of How to Be Interesting, it's not difficult to make yourself interesting at a dinner party.
36___, if you're out of your comfort zone or if you're wandering into somebody's house for the first time. So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers.
People love to talk about themselves. If you can start the conversation with a question other than “What do you do for a living ", you'll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out of whomever it is you're talking to. 37 ___. it can bring in "I have this old, broken-down vehicle" or "I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back." It just opens up conversation.
38___ If you can't take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox （讲台）. If you're the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation. 39_____
And what about that other dinner-party killer: awkward silence If you're faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment (赞扬). 40___. Just quickly turn around and say, "This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it.”
So being interesting at a dinner party isn’t that hard.
A. How do you know the host
B. The first step is to go exploring
C. If you ask the question "How did you get here ',
D. Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers
E. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say
F. What about that person who has had too much to drink or won't stop talking
G. He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most
（2021年全国乙卷七选五）
二、语篇导读：本文的语篇类型是说明文，主题语境为人与社会。文章主要介绍了在晚宴上如何让自己表现得有趣。
三、重点单词（词性转换词、熟词生意词、超纲词）和短语
1. according to ... 根据......
2. make oneself interesting 让自己变得有趣
3. comfort zone 舒适区，舒适圈
4. wander into ... 溜达到......里
5. for the first time 第一次
6. show up 到场，出现
7. adventurous adj. 爱冒险的，胆大的，冒险的（-ous构成形容词，表示“多......的”，“......性的”，“......似的”）
adventure n. 冒险，奇遇
8. bring in ... 引进......，引入......
9. broken-down adj. （车辆或机器）出故障的，坏掉的（分词形容词）
10. ride the bus 乘公共汽车
11. open up 打开
12. remove ... from ... 使......离开......
13. be faced with ... 面对......，面临......
14. killer n. 杀手，杀人者，导致死亡的人（或动物、事物），棘手的事
dinner-party killer 晚会杀手（本文中指导致dinner 很难进行下去的情况）
kill v. 杀死，弄死
turn around 转过身，回头，话锋突转
that hard 那么难
prepared adj. 有准备的，准备好的（分词形容词）
be prepared to do 愿意做某事
prepare v. （为......）做准备，筹备
have conversations with ... 与......交谈
turn ... into ... 把......变成......
weight n. 重担，压力（熟词生义）
feel the weight of ... 感受到......的压力
awkwardness n. 尴尬，窘迫
awkward adj. 令人尴尬的，使人难堪的
四、关键结构和长难句
1. ..., it's not difficult to make yourself interesting at a dinner party.
句中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式to make ...。
在“It is/was + 形容词 + 动词不定式”结构中：it是形式主语（或先行主语）；真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语，有时是一个从句。
E.g. You can’t help wondering how hard it was for the people then to put all those rocks into place. 你禁不住要问，当时的人们要把这些石头摆放如此有序该有多难
It is compulsory to wear a safety belt. 必须系好安全带。
It was obvious that the driver could not control his car. 显然这位司机不能驾车了。
【参考译文】......，让你在晚宴聚会上有趣并不难。
So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers.
1).“be to + 动词原形”结构。表示“计划或安排”、“指示、命令或要求”，也可表示“可能”以及“不可避免”或“注定发生”等。
E.g. Their daughter is to be married soon. 他们的女儿很快就要结婚了。
The clergy were to receive salaries from the state. 牧师从国家领取工资。
I was to have seen him last Wednesday but he did not come. 我本应当上周三就见到他，但是他没来。
2).trying different foods and talking是两个现在分词短语做状语，表伴随情况，其逻辑主语是前面动词show up and be adventurous的主语。
E.g. There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland, staring at the night sky. 没有比背躺在草地中间，盯着夜空更快乐的事情了。
【参考译文】主要的事就是冒险出现，尝试不同的食物，和陌生人交谈。
If you can start the conversation with a question other than “What do you do for a living ", you'll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out of whomever it is you're talking to.
1). other than一般前面都有否定词，意为“除了......之外再无其他”。
E.g. She never discussed it with anyone other than John. 她除了约翰之外，跟谁都没讨论过这事。
They did it for no other reason than sheer frustration. 他们这么做除了处于纯粹的挫折感之外，没有任何别的原因。
其实other than本身就有否定的意思。有时可以它可以放在两个名词成分之间 ，表示前面一个在当前情况下不包括后面一个。
E.g. languages other than English. 非英语的语言
Singapore is now emphasizing factors other than raw testing skills when selecting its top students. 新加坡现在挑选尖子生时，所强调的因素已经不是光秃秃的考试技能了。
There are other ways to insult the reader’s intelligence than by forcing second-grade arithmetic on his attention. 即使要骂读者是蠢才，也可以有别的办法，不必强迫他把注意力放在一些二年级的算术题上。
2).whomever引导的是一个宾语从句，在从句中做talk to的宾语。
E.g. And the one who bought it went plowing and found the treasure. He began to lend
money at interest to whomever he wished. 而买的人开始耕耘田园，因而发现宝藏，他就利用这笔钱随意借贷给人，赚取利息。
From my heart I said I have no problem at all and I would give my utmost support
to whomever in charge. 我发自内心的说：没问题，怎么决定我都会全力支持新的负责
As she grew stronger and brighter, she instilled a sort of light and cheer to
whomever she met. 随着她日渐强壮和聪明，她带给每个她遇见的人一种光亮和愉快的心情。
【参考译文】如果你能以一个问题开始交谈，而不是问“ 你是做什么工作的？” ，你就能从和你谈话的任何人那里得到有趣得多的谈话。
And what about that other dinner-party killer: awkward silence
What about ... 通常用于提出建议，可译为“......怎么样”，与How about ... 可以互用。
E.g. What about（How about）spending the night here 在这里过夜怎么样？
但是what about还可以用来提出一个与当前有关的新问题（用以提及自己感兴趣或需要考虑的其他人或事物）。
E.g. What about the others 其他人怎么办？
What about Patrick What’s he doing nowadays 帕特里克怎么样？现在他在干什么呢？。
【参考译文】而且另一种晚会杀手：尴尬的沉默，怎么办？。
If you're faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment.
1). 本句中that always gets everyone talking again是一个定语从句，关系代词that代替先行词thing在从句中做主语。这时，从句中的谓语动词需与先行词保持一致
E.g. The teacher together with the students is discussing Reading Skills that was newly published in America. 老师和学生在讨论最近美国出版的“Reading Skills”。
Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who wears evening dress. Barbara是容易被认出来的，因为她是那些女人中唯一穿晚礼服的。
2). 当先行词被only，all，any，few，little，no，one of等修饰时，人们通常喜欢用that（做宾语时通常省略）。
E.g. The only thing that impresses me is her directness. 唯一给我留下深刻印象的就是她的直率。
That is the only French phrase I mastered. 那是我掌握的唯一的法语短语
3). “get + 宾语 + 现在分词”结构，表示“使某人做某事”。
E.g. We’ll get the TV working again. 我们会把电视修好的。
Try to get the car going. 想办法把车开动起来。
【参考译文】如果你在晚宴上面临尴尬沉默，通常能让每个人再次交谈起来的事就是赞美主办人。
So being interesting at a dinner party isn’t that hard.
Being interesting at a dinner party是动名词形式，在句中作主语。这时，谓语动词用单数形式。
E.g. Being a page turner requires plenty of practice. 做一名翻页员需要足够的练习。
Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles' song "The Long and Winding Road". 去黄山让我想起了流行的披头士乐队歌曲《蜿蜒长路》。
Simply saying thank you doesn’t seem enough in certain situations. 在某些情况下，仅仅说声谢谢似乎是不够的。
【参考译文】所以在晚宴上变得有趣并不是那么难。
Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say.
1). 关系副词where的先行词也可以是topic，point，case，condition，situation，stage，
position，job，activity，family，race，environment，letter，work等名词，在从句中做状语。
E.g. But I am aware that this is a topic where opinions differ. 但是我意识到这是因为不同地方的人抱有不同的看法。
Politics, like religion, is a topic where there's no threshold of expertise for
expressing an opinion. 政治，犹如信仰，是一个对于陈述观点并没有设置任何专业知识的门槛的一类话题。
2). “have + 名词或代词 + 动词不定式”结构。表示“有......要......”,动词不定式中的的动词和前面的名词或代词之间是动宾关系。这时，动词不定式中的动词必须是及物的或加上介词的。
E.g. He has much work to do. 他有许多工作要做。
Do you have any suggestions to make. 你有什么建议吗？
I have a lot of things to attend to. 他有一大堆事情要处理。
She has several patients to take care of. 她有好几个病人要照顾。
【参考译文】或者把谈话变成他们没什么可说的话题。
【答案】B C F E G
【附：学案】
精 读 高 考 真 题 (十三）
高考英语真题是英语学习的宝藏，精读一篇远胜过刷题十篇。相较于教材、日常习题，高考真题的语料更加新颖、更有针对性。长期精读高考真题有利于增强英语学习的信心，从而极大提高学习英语的效率。
一、真题再现
According to Jessica Hagy, author of How to Be Interesting, it's not difficult to make yourself interesting at a dinner party.
36___, if you're out of your comfort zone or if you're wandering into somebody's house for the first time. So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers.
People love to talk about themselves. If you can start the conversation with a question other than “What do you do for a living ", you'll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out of whomever it is you're talking to. 37 ___. it can bring in "I have this old, broken-down vehicle" or "I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back." It just opens up conversation.
38___ If you can't take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox （讲台）. If you're the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation. 39_____
And what about that other dinner-party killer: awkward silence If you're faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment (赞扬). 40___. Just quickly turn around and say, "This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it.”
So being interesting at a dinner party isn’t that hard.
A. How do you know the host
B. The first step is to go exploring
C. If you ask the question "How did you get here ',
D. Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers
E. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say
F. What about that person who has had too much to drink or won't stop talking
G. He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most
（2021年全国乙卷七选五）
二、语篇导读：本文的语篇类型是____________，主题语境为___________。文章主要介绍了______________________________________。
三、重点单词（词性转换词、熟词生意词、超纲词）和短语
1. according to ...
2. make oneself interesting
3. comfort zone
4. wander into ...
5. for the first time
6. show up
7. adventurous adj.
adventure n.
8. bring in ...
9. broken-down adj.
10. ride the bus
11.open up
12. remove ... from ...
13. be faced with ...
14. killer n.
dinner-party killer
kill v.
turn around
that hard
prepared adj.
be prepared to do
prepare v.
have conversations with ...
turn ... into ...
weight n.
feel the weight of ...
awkwardness n.
awkward adj.
四、关键结构和长难句
1. ..., it's not difficult to make yourself interesting at a dinner party.
句中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式to make ...。
在“It is/was + 形容词 + 动词不定式”结构中：it是____________；_____________是后面的动词不定式短语，有时是一个从句。
E.g. You can’t help wondering how hard ______ was for the people then_________ all those rocks into place. 你禁不住要问，当时的人们要把这些石头摆放如此有序该有多难
_________ is compulsory __________ a safety belt. 必须系好安全带。
__________ was obvious __________the driver could not control his car. 显然这位司机不能驾车了。
【译文】_______________________________。
So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers.
1).“be to + 动词原形”结构。表示_________、__________，也可表示__________以及__________或______________等。
E.g. Their daughter __________________ soon. 他们的女儿很快就要结婚了。
The clergy w_______________________ from the state. 牧师从国家领取工资。
I _________________ him last Wednesday but he did not come. 我本应当上周三就见到他，但是他没来。
2).trying different foods and talking是两个_______________做_____语，表_____________，其______________是前面动词show up and be adventurous的主语。
E.g. There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland, ______________the night sky. 没有比背躺在草地中间，盯着夜空更快乐的事情了。
【译文】____________________________________。
If you can start the conversation with a question other than “What do you do for a living ", you'll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out of whomever it is you're talking to.
1). other than一般前面都有否定词，意为__________________。
E.g. She never discussed it with anyone ___________ John. 她除了约翰之外，跟谁都没讨论过这事。
They did it for no ___________reason __________ sheer frustration. 他们这么做除了处于纯粹的挫折感之外，没有任何别的原因。
其实other than本身就有否定的意思。有时可以它可以放在两个名词成分之间 ，表示前面一个在当前情况下不包括后面一个。
E.g. languages ______________ English. 非英语的语言
Singapore is now emphasizing factors ______________ raw testing skills when selecting its top students. 新加坡现在挑选尖子生时，所强调的因素已经不是光秃秃的考试技能了。
There are __________ ways to insult the reader’s intelligence ________by forcing second-grade arithmetic on his attention. 即使要骂读者是蠢才，也可以有别的办法，不必强迫他把注意力放在一些二年级的算术题上。
2).whomever引导的是一个_________，在从句中做talk to的__________。
E.g. And the one who bought it went plowing and found the treasure. He began to lend
money at interest to ________ he wished. 而买的人开始耕耘田园，因而发现宝藏，他就利用这笔钱随意借贷给人，赚取利息。
From my heart I said I have no problem at all and I would give my utmost support
to ______________ in charge. 我发自内心的说：没问题，怎么决定我都会全力支持新的负责
As she grew stronger and brighter, she instilled a sort of light and cheer to
__________ she met. 随着她日渐强壮和聪明，她带给每个她遇见的人一种光亮和愉快的心情。
【译文】________________________________________________________。
And what about that other dinner-party killer: awkward silence
What about ... 通常用于___________，可译为___________，与______________可以互用。
E.g. ________________________spending the night here 在这里过夜怎么样？
但是what about还可以用来提出一个与当前有关的新问题（用以提及自己感兴趣或需要考虑的其他人或事物）。
E.g. ________________the others 其他人怎么办？
___________________ Patrick What’s he doing nowadays 帕特里克怎么样？现在他在干什么呢？。
【译文】____________________________________________________。
If you're faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment.
1). 本句中that always gets everyone talking again是一个______________，______________that代替_____________thing在从句中做______语。这时，从句中的谓语动词需与__________保持一致
E.g. The teacher together with the students is discussing Reading Skills that _______ newly published in America. 老师和学生在讨论最近美国出版的“Reading Skills”。
Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who ________evening dress. Barbara是容易被认出来的，因为她是那些女人中唯一穿晚礼服的。
2). 当先行词被only，all，any，few，little，no，one of等修饰时，人们通常喜欢用that（做宾语时通常省略）。
E.g. The only thing_______impresses me is her directness. 唯一给我留下深刻印象的就是她的直率。
That is the only French phrase I mastered. 那是我掌握的唯一的法语短语
3). “get + 宾语 + 现在分词”结构，表示______________________。
E.g. We’ll get the TV ________________ again. 我们会把电视修好的。
Try to get the car _______________. 想办法把车开动起来。
【译文】______________________________________________________。
So being interesting at a dinner party isn’t that hard.
Being interesting at a dinner party是____________形式，在句中作______语。这时，谓语动词用_______数形式。
E.g. Being a page turner __________ plenty of practice. 做一名翻页员需要足够的练习。
Going to Mount Huangshan _____________ me of the popular Beatles' song "The Long and Winding Road". 去黄山让我想起了流行的披头士乐队歌曲《蜿蜒长路》。
Simply saying thank you ___________ seem enough in certain situations. 在某些情况下，仅仅说声谢谢似乎是不够的。
【译文】_____________________________________________________。
Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say.
1). 关系副词where的先行词也可以是topic，point，case，condition，situation，stage，
position，job，activity，family，race，environment，letter，work等名词，在从句中做__________语。
E.g. But I am aware that this is a topic __________opinions differ. 但是我意识到这是因为不同地方的人抱有不同的看法。
Politics, like religion, is a topic __________ there's no threshold of expertise
for expressing an opinion. 政治，犹如信仰，是一个对于陈述观点并没有设置任何专业知
识的门槛的一类话题。
2). “have + 名词或代词 + 动词不定式”结构。表示_______________，动词不定式中的的动词和前面的名词或代词之间是________关系。这时，动词不定式中的动词必须是________或_____________。
E.g. He has much work __________. 他有许多工作要做。
Do you have any suggestions ___________. 你有什么建议吗？
I have a lot of things ____________. 他有一大堆事情要处理。
She has several patients to ______________. 她有好几个病人要照顾。
【译文】__________________________________________________。精 读 高 考 真 题 (八）
高考英语真题是英语学习的宝藏，精读一篇远胜过刷题十篇。相较于教材、日常习题，高考真题的语料更加新颖、更有针对性。长期精读高考真题有利于增强英语学习的信心，从而极大提高学习英语的效率。
一、真题再现
The Biggest Stadiums in the World
People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece. In around 8 A.Q., the Romans built the Colosseum, which remains the world's best known stadium and continues to inform contemporary design. Rome’s Colosseum was 157 feet tall and had 80 entrances, seating 50,000 people. However, that was small fry compared with the city’s Circus Maximus, which accommodated around 250,000 people.
These days, safety regulations-not to mention the modern sports fan’s desire for a good view and a comfortable seat-tend to keep stadium capacities（容量）slightly lower. Even soccer fans tend to have a seat each; gone are the days of thousands standing to watch the match.
For the biggest stadiums in the world, we have used data supplied by the World Atlas list so far, which ranks them by their stated permanent capacity, as well as updated information from official stadium websites.
All these stadiums are still functional, still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport.
Rungrado 1st of May Stadium, Pyongyang, D.P.R-Korea. Capacity. 150,000. Opened. May 1,1989.
Michigan Stadium, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S. Capacity: 107,601. Opened. October 1, 1927.
Beaver Stadium, State College, Pennsylvania, U.S. Capacity: 106,572. Opened: September 17, I960.
Ohio Stadium, Columbus, Ohio, U.S. Capacity: 104,944. Opened: October 7, 1922.
Kyle Field, College Station, Texas, U.S. Capacity: 102,512. Opened: September 24,1927.
21.How many people could the Circus Maximus hold
A.104,944. B. 107,601.
C. About 150,000. D. About 250,000.
22.Of the following stadiums, which is the oldest
A. Michigan Stadium. B. Beaver Stadium.
C. Ohio Stadium. D. Kyle Field.
23.What do the listed stadiums have in common
A.They host big games.
B.They have become tourist attractions
C.They were built by Americans.
D.They are favored by architects
（2021年全国乙卷阅读理解A篇）
语篇导读 本文的语篇类型是应用文，主题语境为人与社会。主要介绍了世界上最大的体育馆----罗马斗兽场，以及其它几座体育馆的相关信息。
重点单词（词性转换词、熟词生意词、超纲词）和短语
pour vi. （人）大量涌入（或涌出），蜂拥（熟词生义）
pour into 不断涌入
pour out of 不断涌出
inform vt. 对......有影响，赋予（作品等）以特征（熟词生义）
seat vt. 〔某处〕坐得下......人、能供给......人座位、容纳......人（同义词：accommodate，hold）（名词转动词）
fry n. 鱼苗，鱼秧（熟词生义）
small fry 小鱼，（相比较之下）不重要的/微不足道的人（或事物）
accommodate vt. 容纳，提住宿（或膳宿、座位等）
accommodation n. 住宿，住处，膳宿
safety regulations 安全法规
rank vt. （按级别、顺序等）把......分等级、把......分类（名词转动词）
stated adj. 被宣称的，作过说明的（分词形容词）
state vt. 声称，宣称，声明，陈述
updated adj. 更新过的，最新的（分词形容词）
update vt. 更新
functional adj. 在起作用的，在工作的，运转正常的
function n. 功能，作用，职能
host vt. 主办（会动、赛事等），做......的东道主（名词转动词）
event n. （体育运动的）比赛项目（熟词生义）
关键结构和长难句
People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece.
本句的时态是现在完成进行时，其构成形式是：have/has been doing（即把进行时be doing中的be变成现在完成时行式have been）。现在完成进行时强调动作一直在进行并持续到现在。至于该动作是刚刚停止，还是继续下去，则上下文而定。或表述为：现在完成进行时表示一个从过去开始、现在仍在继续中的动作或刚刚结束的动作。与现在完成时相比，现在完成进行时主要有未完结性、短暂性、刚完结性和连续性或重复性等四个特点。
E.g. My shoe has been pressing against my foot,so it hurts a bit. 我的鞋挤脚，所以脚有点疼。（press的动作完结）
They have been living in New York. 他们一直住在纽约。（与They have lived in New York.相比，更具短暂性）
My hands are very dirty. I’ve been painting the car. 我的手很脏，我油漆汽车来着。（paint的动作刚刚结束）
For years we’ve been demanding better housing and jobs. 多年来，我们一直在要求更好的居住条件和工作。（demand的动作持续不断，而且还要进行下去）
【参考译文】自古希腊时代起，人们就一直不断地涌入体育场馆。
Rome’s Colosseum was 157 feet tall and had 80 entrances, seating 50,000 people.
1). 表示物体的长、宽、高或重量等常用的句型：“数词+单位量词词+形容词”。也可以用“数词+单位词+介词+名词”来表达。
E.g. The road is 2 kilometres long.(=The road is 2 kilometres in length.) 这条路有2公里长。
The wooden bridge is 20 metres wide.(The wooden bridge is 20 metres in width) 这座木桥有20米宽
2). seating 50,000 people是现在分词短语做状语，表示伴随情况，其逻辑主语是Rome’s Colosseum。seat用作及物动词，意为“容纳，做得下”，相当于accommodate或hold等。
E.g. The sunlight is white and blinding, throwing hard-edged shadows on the ground.阳光炽白炫目，在地上投下浓重的阴影。
【参考译文】罗马斗兽场有157英尺高，有80个入口，可容纳5万人。
However, that was small fry compared with the city’s Circus Maximus, which accommodated around 250,000 people.
pared with the city’s Circus Maximus是过去分词短语形式做状语。compared with/to ... 意为“与......比较起来，较之......”。
E.g. Michael’s new house is like a huge palace, compared with his old one. 和他的旧房子比起来，Michael的新房子就像巨大的宫殿。
Looked at in this way, the situation doesn’t seem so disappointing. 这样看来，情况似乎并不那么令人失望。
2). which accommodated around 250,000 people是一非限制性定语从句，先行词是Circus Maximus并在从句中作主语。
E.g. By 16:30, which was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold 到16:30为止，几乎所有的画都卖出去了，这几乎就是关门的时间。
【参考译文】然而，与这座城市容纳了大约25万人的Circus Maximus相比，那就显得微不足道了。
These days, safety regulations--not to mention the modern sports fan’s desire for a good view and a comfortable seat--tend to keep stadium capacities slightly lower.
1). 句中的not to mention the modern sports fan’s desire for a good view and a comfortable seat用做插入语。
“not to mention ... ”，意为“更不用说......，更不用提......”，表示意义的增补。
E.g. Life is full of possibilities. Not to mention, a few unexpected surprises. 生活充满了各种各样的可能，不必提及，还有一些想不到的惊喜。
It’s too far to walk, not to mention the fact that it’ll probably be closed by now anyway. 走着去太远，再说，很可能现在都已经关门了。
. “tend to + 动词原形”，意为“（往往）会......”，“（必然）能趋向于......”，“易于......”，“有......趋势”等。现代语言学家把tend to看作是“半助动词”。
E.g. He tends to get angry when people disagree with him. 当人们不同意他的观点的时候，他常常生气。
He tends to wake up early in the morning. 他通常早上醒得早。
. 句中的slightly lower是动词keep后面的宾语补足语。
“keep + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”结构，keep表示“使处于某种状态”，这里的宾语补足语主要由形容词、副词、介词短语或分词等充当。
E.g. Keep your eyes closed until I tell you to open them. 闭上眼睛，直到我让你睁开时再睁开。
This kind of exercise will keep you in good shape. 这种锻炼会让你保持健康。
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting. 对不起，让你等了。
【参考译文】 现如今，安全法规倾向于保持球场容量略低，更不用说现代体育迷渴望的一个好的视野和一个舒适的座位。
Even soccer fans tend to have a seat each; gone are the days of thousands standing to watch the match.
. gone are the days of thousands standing to watch the match是特殊结构中的倒装句，这里是表语前置。还原后的句子是：the days of thousands standing to watch the match are gone。
“ 表语 + 连系动词 + 主语 ” 是一种完全倒装结构。英语中作表语的形容词、分词等比较短，而主语则相对比较长时，为了保持句子平衡，根据英语的尾重原则（即把长而复杂的成分放在句末的原则），把表语放在句首，形成“ 表语 + 连系动词 + 主语 ”的句式。
E.g. Gone are the days when we Chinese looked down upon. 我们中国人被人看不起的日子一去不复返了。
Lucky is she who was admitted to a famous university last year. 她很幸运，去年被一所名牌大学录取。
2). standing to watch the match是现在分词短语形式做后置定语，它的逻辑主语是其所修饰的thousands(of fans)。
E.g. John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter offering him it. 约翰确实得到了这份工作，因为他给我看了给他工作的官方的信函。
【参考译文】甚至足球迷往往都有自己的座位；成千上万人站着看比赛的日子一去不复返了。
For the biggest stadiums in the world, we have used data supplied by the World Atlas list so far, which ranks them by their stated permanent capacity, as well as updated information from official stadium websites.
1). 句中的supplied by...是过去分词短语做后置定语，其逻辑主语是the World Atlas list。
E.g.The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras returned to our shop for quality problems. 厂商定期回收因质量问题退回来的相机。
2). as well as并列了stated...和updated...。as well as如同and, or一样，起并列连词作用，它所连接的成分要互相对等，即名词与名词相并列，动词与动词性并列，分词与分词相并列，等等。在A as well as B结构中，语意的侧重点常常在A项上，所以as well as词义许多情况下并不简单等同于and。
E.g. John can speak Chinese as well as French. 约翰能讲法语还能讲汉语。
Electronic computers can add and subtract as well as multiply and divide. 电子计算机能够加减，也能乘除。
It is a political as well as economic question. 这是一个政治问题，也是一个经济问题。
It is important for you as well as for me. 这件事对于你，对于我都很重要。
当用as well as来连接主语时，谓语动词的数决定于充当主语的第一个名词的数。有人把这种用法的as well as叫做“准并列连词”。
E.g. The teacher, as well as a number of students, was asked to attend the party. 老师和许多学生受邀出席来了聚会。
【参考译文】对于世界上最大的体育场，我们使用了the World Atlas list提供的迄今为止的数据，该数据根据它们所声明的永久容量，以及官方体育场网站上的更新信息进行排名。
【答案】D C A
【附：学案】
精 读 高 考 真 题 (八）
高考英语真题是英语学习的宝藏，精读一篇远胜过刷题十篇。相较于教材、日常习题，高考真题的语料更加新颖、更有针对性。长期精读高考真题有利于增强英语学习的信心，从而极大提高学习英语的效率。
一、真题再现
The Biggest Stadiums in the World
People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece. In around 8 A.Q., the Romans built the Colosseum, which remains the world's best known stadium and continues to inform contemporary design. Rome’s Colosseum was 157 feet tall and had 80 entrances, seating 50,000 people. However, that was small fry compared with the city’s Circus Maximus, which accommodated around 250,000 people.
These days, safety regulations-not to mention the modern sports fan’s desire for a good view and a comfortable seat-tend to keep stadium capacities（容量）slightly lower. Even soccer fans tend to have a seat each; gone are the days of thousands standing to watch the match.
For the biggest stadiums in the world, we have used data supplied by the World Atlas list so far, which ranks them by their stated permanent capacity, as well as updated information from official stadium websites.
All these stadiums are still functional, still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport.
Rungrado 1st of May Stadium, Pyongyang, D.P.R-Korea. Capacity. 150,000. Opened. May 1,1989.
Michigan Stadium, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S. Capacity: 107,601. Opened. October 1, 1927.
Beaver Stadium, State College, Pennsylvania, U.S. Capacity: 106,572. Opened: September 17, I960.
Ohio Stadium, Columbus, Ohio, U.S. Capacity: 104,944. Opened: October 7, 1922.
Kyle Field, College Station, Texas, U.S. Capacity: 102,512. Opened: September 24,1927.
21.How many people could the Circus Maximus hold
A.104,944. B. 107,601.
C. About 150,000. D. About 250,000.
22.Of the following stadiums, which is the oldest
A. Michigan Stadium. B. Beaver Stadium.
C. Ohio Stadium. D. Kyle Field.
23.What do the listed stadiums have in common
A.They host big games.
B.They have become tourist attractions
C.They were built by Americans.
D.They are favored by architects
（2021年全国乙卷阅读理解A篇）
语篇导读 本文的语篇类型是_________主题语境为______________。主要介绍了__________________________________________________。
重点单词（词性转换词、熟词生意词、超纲词）和短语
pour vi.
pour into
pour out of
inform vt.
seat vt.
fry n.
small fry
accommodate vt.
accommodation n.
safety regulations
rank vt.
stated adj.
state vt.
updated adj.
update vt.
functional adj.
function n.
host vt.
event n.
关键结构和长难句
People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece.
本句的时态是_______________，其构成形式是：________________（即把进行时be doing中的be变成现在完成时行式___________）。现在完成进行时强调_________________。至于该动作是刚刚停止，还是继续下去，则上下文而定。或表述为：现在完成进行时表示_____________________________________。与现在完成时相比，现在完成进行时主要有_________、_________、________和___________等四个特点。
E.g. My shoe ____________________ against my foot,so it hurts a bit. 我的鞋挤脚，所以脚有点疼。（press的动作_____________）
They ______________________ in New York. 他们一直住在纽约。（与They have lived in New York.相比，更具_________）
My hands are very dirty. I____________________ the car. 我的手很脏，我油漆汽车来着。（paint的动作_______________）
For years we________________ better housing and jobs. 多年来，我们一直在要求更好的居住条件和工作。（demand的动作__________________________）
【译文】_________________________________。
Rome’s Colosseum was 157 feet tall and had 80 entrances, seating 50,000 people.
1). 表示物体的长、宽、高或重量等常用的句型：___________________。也可以用_____________________________来表达。
E.g. The road is __________________.(=The road is _________________.) 这条路有2公里长。
The wooden bridge is ________________________.(The wooden bridge is __________________________) 这座木桥有20米宽
2). seating 50,000 people是____________做_______，表示________，其逻辑主语是______________。seat用作_________动词，意为_____________，相当于______________或_________等。
E.g. The sunlight is white and blinding, _____________ hard-edged shadows on the ground.阳光炽白炫目，在地上投下浓重的阴影。
【译文】_______________________________________________。
However, that was small fry compared with the city’s Circus Maximus, which accommodated around 250,000 people.
pared with the city’s Circus Maximus是___________形式做________。compared with/to ... 意为______________________。
E.g. Michael’s new house is like a huge palace, ___________________. 和他的旧房子比起来，Michael的新房子就像巨大的宫殿。
__________________, the situation doesn’t seem so disappointing. 这样看来，情况似乎并不那么令人失望。
2). which accommodated around 250,000 people是一_______________，_______是Circus Maximus并在从句中作_____语。
E.g. By 16:30, _______ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold 到16:30为止，几乎所有的画都卖出去了，这几乎就是关门的时间。
【译文】___________________________________________________。
These days, safety regulations--not to mention the modern sports fan’s desire for a good view and a comfortable seat--tend to keep stadium capacities slightly lower.
1). 句中的not to mention the modern sports fan’s desire for a good view and a comfortable seat用做__________。
“not to mention ... ”，意为__________________，表示____________。
E.g. Life is full of possibilities. _____________, a few unexpected surprises. 生活充满了各种各样的可能，不必提及，还有一些想不到的惊喜。
It’s too far to walk, ________________ the fact that it’ll probably be closed by now anyway. 走着去太远，再说，很可能现在都已经关门了。
. “tend to + 动词原形”，意为_____________，______________，__________________，________________等。现代语言学家把tend to看作是____________。
E.g. He _________________ when people disagree with him. 当人们不同意他的观点的时候，他常常生气。
He _____________________ in the morning. 他通常早上醒得早。
. 句中的slightly lower是动词keep后面的_________________。
在“keep + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”结构中，keep表示____________________，这里的宾语补足语主要由____________、__________、_____________或____________等充当。
E.g. Keep your eyes_____________ until I tell you to open them. 闭上眼睛，直到我让你睁开时再睁开。
This kind of exercise will keep you ____________________. 这种锻炼会让你保持健康。
I’m sorry to have kept you ___________. 对不起，让你等了。
【译文】 _____________________________________________________。
Even soccer fans tend to have a seat each; gone are the days of thousands standing to watch the match.
. gone are the days of thousands standing to watch the match是特殊结构中的___________句，这里是___________前置。还原后的句子是：_________________________________。
“ 表语 + 连系动词 + 主语 ” 是一种____________结构。英语中作表语的形容词、分词等比较短，而主语则相对比较长时，为了____________，根据英语的_______原则（即把长而复杂的成分放在_____________的原则），把表语放在句首，形成__________________的句式。
E.g. _________________ the days when we Chinese looked down upon. 我们中国人被人看不起的日子一去不复返了。
______________ she who was admitted to a famous university last year. 她很幸运，去年被一所名牌大学录取。
2). standing to watch the match是___________________做______________，它的逻辑主语是其所修饰的__________________。
E.g. John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter ________ him it.
约翰确实得到了这份工作，因为他给我看了给他工作的官方的信函。
【译文】_____________________________________________________。
For the biggest stadiums in the world, we have used data supplied by the World Atlas list so far, which ranks them by their stated permanent capacity, as well as updated information from official stadium websites.
1). 句中的supplied by...是____________做________，其逻辑主语是_____________。
E.g.The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras _____________ to our shop for quality problems. 厂商定期回收因质量问题退回来的相机。
2). as well as并列了____________和_______________。as well as如同and, or一样，起_______________作用，它所连接的成分要______________，即名词与名词相并列，动词与动词性并列，分词与分词相并列，等等。在A as well as B结构中，语意的侧重点常常在_______项上，所以as well as词义许多情况下并不简单等同于and。
E.g. John can speak Chinese_________ French. 约翰能讲法语还能讲汉语。
Electronic computers can add and subtract ____________ multiply and divide. 电子计算机能够加减，也能乘除。
It is a political _______________ economic question. 这是一个政治问题，也是一个经济问题。
It is important for you _____________________ for me. 这件事对于你，对于我都很重要。
当用as well as来连接主语时，谓语动词的数决定于充当主语的_____________名词的数。有人把这种用法的as well as叫做“准并列连词”。
E.g. The teacher, as well as a number of students, ________asked to attend the party. 老师和许多学生受邀出席来了聚会。
【译文】_______________________________________________________。
