(共17张PPT)
特殊句式
1.感叹句
what引导的感叹句
①What+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!
②What+adj.+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语!
What lovely children they are!
他们是多么可爱的孩子啊!
(2)how引导的感叹句
①How+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!
②How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语!
③How+主语+谓语!
How interesting a story it is!
=What an interesting story it is!
这是多么有趣的一个故事啊!
2.祈使句
祈使句用来表达说话人的请求、命令、建议、劝告等。祈使句的主语一般为第二人称(通常省略),有时也可用everybody,someone,anybody等不定代词。
祈使句的4种形式:①动词原形(+宾语)+其他成分;②Be+表语(+其他成分),如Be honest.;③Let’s/Let us do/not do sth;祈使句+and/or+陈述句(陈述句谓语用一般将来时)。
3.强调句型
强调句型的基本结构:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分。该句型可对句子的主语、宾语、状语等进行强调。当被强调部分是人,且作主语时,可用who或that,其他情况下一律用that。
It is only by listening to and understanding each other that problems between parents and children can be settled.
只有通过相互倾听和理解,父母和孩子之间的问题才能得到解决。
注意:
①强调主语时,that/who之后的谓语动词在人称和数上要和被强调的主语保持一致。
It is our teacher who/that helps us make great progress.
是我们的老师帮助我们取得了很大的进步。
②由疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时,从句必须使用陈述语序。
She doesn’t know who it was that saved her son.她不知道是谁救了她儿子。
强调句型的疑问句结构:
一般疑问句:Is/Was+it+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分?
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+is/was+it+that+其他部分?
Was it in the park that he met our new teacher
他是在公园里遇到我们的新老师的吗?
When was it that he made up his mind to take this course?他是什么时候决定修这门课的?
not...until的强调句型结构:It is/was not until...+that+其他部分。
It was not until yesterday that I was told that he was ill in hospital.
直到昨天我才被告知他生病住院了。
强调谓语动词
It is/was...who/that...结构不能强调谓语动词。可用助动词do,does或did来强调谓语动词,用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定句中,do还可以用于祈使句。
She did tell me her address,but I forgot all about it.她确实告诉过我她的地址,但我全忘了。
倒装
倒装分为部分倒装和全部倒装。部分倒装只把谓语的一部分(多为助动词、情态动词、be动词)置于主语之前,而完全倒装是把谓语全部放在主语之前。
1.部分倒装
[规则感悟] ①never,seldom,hardly,rarely,little,not only...but (also)...,no sooner...than...,hardly...when...等含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首时引起部分倒装。注意:not only置于句首时,所在的分句要部分倒装,but also所在的分句不倒装。
②so/such...that...结构中的so,such 连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时,主句要用部分倒装,that引导的从句不倒装。
③“only+状语(从句)”置于句首时,主句要用部分倒装。
④在含有were/had/should的虚拟条件句中可以省略if,将were/had/should提前,构成部分倒装。⑤表示前面所说的情况也适用于后者时,用倒装结构“so/neither/nor+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语”(so表示肯定意义,neither/nor表示否定意义)。⑥在as引导的让步状语从句中,从句的表语/状语/动词原形要位于句首,构成倒装结构。
2.全部倒装
[规则感悟] ①表地点的介词短语位于句首,引起句子全部倒装。②表示时间的副词then,now等位于句首,引起句子全部倒装。③直接引语位于句首,引起句子全部倒装。④表示方位的副词here,there,out,in,up,down,away位于句首,引起句子全部倒装。口诀:方位方向加时间,地点介短直引(提)前。⑤分词/形容词+地点状语+be+主语。⑥such置于句首时用完全倒装。
在as/though引导的部分倒装结构中,如果位于句首的是单数可数名词,则其前不加冠词。
Child as he was,he finished his task with great courage and determination.
尽管他只是一个孩子,他还是满怀着决心和勇气完成了任务。
在全部倒装结构中,主语只能是名词而不能是代词。谓语也只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种形式。
Look!Here comes the bus.
看!汽车来了。
不能说Look!Here comes it.
要说Look!Here it comes.
对点练习
Next door to ours ____________(live) a black couple,who seem to have settled in this community for quite a long time.
Absurd __________ it might sound,everyone present was amused by his adventure story in Africa.
Not until recently ____________(do) they encourage the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.
Here ____________(be) some suggestions,which I hope will be of benefit to you.
Only then ____________(do) he realize that he had fallen behind.
综合练习
感叹句
(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ)在英语节目“Talk and Talk”中与你交流对我们来说是多么有意义的经历啊!
What a meaningful experience it is for us to communicate with you in the English programme “Talk and Talk”!
(2021·浙江6月)这是一场多么精彩的中国画展啊!
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2.祈使句+and/or+陈述句
(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)我正要放弃的时候老师对我喊:“坚持,你会成功的。”
I was about to give up when my teacher shouted at me,“Keep up,and you will make it. ”
(2020·浙江7月)埃莉(Elli)说:“快点,否则熊会追上我们的。”
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3.强调句
(2022·浙江1月)正是在那个文化节上,你分享了很多关于你们国家的有趣的事情。
It was at that festival that you shared so many interesting things about your country.
(2021·浙江6月)在我把钱交给父母之后,我才意识到成长的意义。
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4.“only+状语(从句)”位于句首的倒装句
(2022·全国甲)只有当所有人都努力保护海洋时,海洋环境才会变得越来越好。
Only when all the people make their efforts to protect the ocean will the ocean environment become better and better.
(2021·上海)只有通过说和听,你才能不断地练习;只有把你所学的运用起来,你才能尽快地掌握汉语。
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5.倒装句(so+adj.+be+sb/sth+that从句)
(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ)大卫如此坚定,他终于到达了终点,所有的学生都为他欢呼。
So determined was David that he finally reached the finishing line and all the students cheered for him.
(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)伯纳德(Bernard)是如此开心以至于他给了约翰一个大大的拥抱。
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6.全部倒装
(2021·浙江6月)我的爸爸妈妈站在那辆旧卡车旁边,他们看起来既悲伤又焦虑。
Beside the old truck stood my dad and mom,looking sad and anxious.
(2020·浙江1月)后院有两只在草坪上快乐打滚(tumble)的狗。
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