2023-2024学年人教版初中英语7年级下册Unit 4 Don't eat in class.知识清单+ 习题 （含答案）

Unit 4 Don't eat in class
一、必记单词
rule n．规则；规章 arrive v到达 listen v听；倾听
fight v＆n．打架；战斗 outside adv在外面adj外面的 wear v穿；戴
important adj．重要的 bring v带来；取来 quiet adj安静的
practice v＆n．练习 before prep． conj．在……以前adv．以前 dirty adj脏的
kitchen n厨房 noisy adj．吵闹的 relax v放松；休息
read v读；阅读 terrible adj非常讨厌的；可怕的 feel v感受；觉得
strict adj严格的；严厉的 remember v记住；记起 follow v遵循；跟随
luck n．幸运；运气 keep v保持；保留 learn v学习；学会
hall n 大厅，礼 sorry adj.抱歉的，难过的，惋惜的
dish n.碟，盘 more adj.&pron.更多的 hair n.头发，毛发
二、常考短语
（be） on time准时 listen to．．听…….
have to必须；不得不 do the dishes 清洗餐具
go out 外出（娱乐） make one’s bed铺床
be strict（ with sb．）（对某人）要求严格 follow the rules遵守规则
in class 在课上 be late for做…迟到
be quiet安静 make breakfast做早饭
keep one’s hair short留短发 play with sb．和某人一起玩
play the piano弹钢琴 have fun玩得开心
make rules 制订规则 dining hall餐厅
eat outside在外面吃东西 wear the school uniform穿校服
Don＇t＋动词原形＋其他．不要做某事 help sb．（to）do sth．帮助某人做某事
too many＋可数名词复数 太多的… practice doing sth．练习做某事
leave＋sth．＋地点状语 把某物忘在某地 must＋动词原形 必须做某事
keep＋宾语＋形容词 使……保持某种状态 learn to do sth．学会做某事
have to do sth．不得不做某事 bring sb./sth．to＋地点 把某人／某物带到某地
三、经典句型
1.Don＇ t arrive late for class．上课不要迟到。
2.You must be on time.你一定要守时。
3.Can we bring music players to school 我们可以把音乐播放器带到学校吗？
4.Does he have to wear a uniform at school？他必须在学校穿校服吗？
5.Don＇ t leave the dirty dishes in the kitchen！别把脏餐具留在厨房里！
四、重点语法
1.祈使句；
定义：用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫祈使句。祈使句最常用于表达命令，祈使句因对象（即主语）是第二人称，所以通常省略主语。祈使句的动词都为一般现在时，句末则使用句号或感叹号来表示结束。
Go and wash your hands．去洗手。（命令） Be quiet， please．请安静。（请求）
Be kind to your sisters．对姐妹要和善。（劝告） Watch your steps．走路小心。（警告）
Look out！ Danger！！小心！危险！（强烈警告） Keep off the grass．勿践踏草坪。（禁止）
形式：（1）肯定祈使句的形式
Do型 动词原形（＋宾语）＋其他成分 Please have a seat here．请这边坐。
Be型 Be＋表语（名词或形容词）＋其他成分． Be a good child 要做一个好孩子！
Let型 Let＋宾语＋动词原形＋其他成分， Let me help you 让我来帮你。
（2）否定祈使句的形式
①Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加 Don’t
Don’t forget me！不要忘记我！ Don’t be late for school！上学不要迟到！
②Let型的否定式有两种：“Don＇t＋let＋宾语＋动词原形＋其他成分．”和“Let＋宾语＋not＋动词原形＋其他成分．”。
Don' t let him go. /Let him not go 别让他走。
③有些可用no开头，用来表示禁止的祈使句。 No smoking！禁止吸烟！ No fishing！禁止垂钓！
助记：祈使句，表请求、命令或禁止。主语是you常省去，动词原形开头记。否定形式要注意，把don＇t放到句首去，要讲客气用 please，句首、句末没关系。
2.情态动词 have to与must
（1）have to表示客观需要做的事情，意思是“必须，,不得不”。使用 have to时应注意的几点
1） have to后接动词原形，意为“必须做……,不得不做…”。
You have to wash my clothes first 你必须先洗我的衣服。
2） have to有人称、数和时态的变化，其第三人称单数形式为 has to。
She has to help her mom make dinner.她不得不帮她妈妈做晚饭。
3）含有 have to， has to的句子需分别借助助动词do，does构成疑问句或否定句。
Do they have to go home now 他们得现在回家吗？
You don't have to go if you don’t want to如果你不想去，你就不必去。
（2）must的用法
1）表示主观的义务和必要，主要用于肯定句和疑问句中，意思是“必须…，得……,要……”；由must引导的疑问句，肯定回答一般用must，否定回答一般用 needn’t或don't/doesn't have to,意思是“不必”；must的否定形式 mustn’t表示禁止，意思是“不能，不许”。
-Must I finish my homework before six o'clock 6点钟之前我必须完成家庭作业吗？
-Yes, you must. /No, you needn’t./No , you don＇ t have to．是的，你必须完成。／不，你没必要。
You mustn’t be late for school 你上学千万不要迟到。
2）表示肯定的猜测，常用于肯定句，意为“一定是，必然……”
You must be very tired．你一定很累了。 Mary must be in the library.玛丽一定在图书馆里。
练习题：1. Tommy，______play basketball in the street next time. You may get hit by a carA do B. don't C must D. mustn't
2．---_______up, Anna. It's seven thirty. -One more minute, Mum A. Get B Gets C Getting D Got
3.You_____take me to the station. My brother’s taking me A. can’t B mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. don’t have to
4.We______wait until the traffic light turns green when we cross the road A must B can C need D may
5．Jack，_____play around here. Your sister is asleep now A doesn’t B not C no D. don't
6.______your homework here tomorrow, Lucy A. Bring B. Brings C. To bring D. Bringing
7. You don’t_____wash all the plates after meals A have to B must C may D. has to
8. Bob can not come out to play because he______help his dad in the garden A can B can not C has to D must
9. -Must I clean the window now -No, you______. A mustn’t B. needn't C can’t D may not
五、要点全解
1. Don’t arrive late for class上课不要迟到。A（19）
（1） arrive late for与 be late for I同义，都表示“迟到”。 arrive late for 侧重动作， be late for侧重状态。
Don't arrive late for the meeting next time.=Don't be late for the meeting next time.下次开会别迟到了。
（2） arrive不及物动词，意为“到达”，后常接介词in或at，in后接大地方，at后接小地方。 arrive 后若是
地点副词，则不需要用介词。
We can arrive in Beijing this afternoon. 今天下午我们能够到达北京。
He arrives at the bus stop at 8 o clock every morning.他每天早晨8点到达公共汽车站。
I arrive home at 4: 00 in the afternoon.我下午4点到家。
辨析： arrive， reach与get
arrive 不及物动词 arrive in＋大地方, arrive at＋小地方
reach 及物动词 reach＋地点
get 不及物动 get to＋地点名词
Mr. Wang arrived in London yesterday. 王先生昨天到达了伦敦。
The old man arrived at the village at last这位老人最后到达了那个村庄。
How did your father reach his office 你爸爸是如何到达他的办公室的？
We get to school at 8: 00 every morning我们每天早晨8点到校。
2. You must be on time．你一定要守时。A（19）
on time为固定短语，意为“准时；按时”。 We must arrive there on time 我们必须按时到达那里。
辨析： on time与 in time
on time 准时；按时 指按规定的时间或指定的时间做某事
in time 及时 指不迟到或在规定时间之前或接近所规定的时间做某事
The train arrives on time．火车准时到达。 The ambulance arrives in time．救护车及时到达。
3. This is very important．这是非常重要的。A（20）
important形容词，意为“重要的”，常用句型为It is important for sb．to do sth．，意为“做某事对某人来说是重要的”。
There is an important meeting this afternoon今天下午有一个重要的会议
It is important for us to learn English well对我们来说学好英语是重要的。
拓展］ importance名词，意为“重要性”。It's a matter of the greatest importance to me这对我来说是最重要的事情。
4. Can we bring music players to school？我们可以把音乐播放器带到学校吗？A（20）
bring及物动词，意为“带来；取来”。常用结构bring sth．／sb．to…．意为“把某物／某人带到……＂。
Why don't you bring your camera to the party 你为什么不把你的照相机带到聚会上来呢？
Please bring the book to me．请把那本书给我带来
辨析： bring，take与carry
bring “带来；取来”，指从别处带到说话者所在的地方来
take “带走；拿走”，指从说话者所在的地方带到远处去。常与介词to连用。方向上与 bring正好相反
carry “搬运”，无方向性
Please bring your family photo here请把你的全家福照片带到这儿来。
His father often takes him to the zoo on weekends他爸爸周末经常带他去动物园。
The box is too heavy for the boy to carry 对那个男孩来说，这个箱子太重了，他搬不动。
5. practice the guitar练习弹吉他B（22）
practice 此处用作及物动词，意为“练习，训练”，其后可跟名词、代词或动词的ing形式 作宾语。
I often practice my English in the morning我常常在早上练习英语。
He practices playing the piano every day.他每天练习弹钢琴。
［拓展］ practice 还可用作名词，意为“练习；实践”。
Playing the piano needs a lot of practice弹钢琴需要多加练习。 Practice makes perfect．熟能生巧。
6. help his mom make breakfast帮他的妈妈做早饭B（22）
（1） help sb．（to） do sth．意为“帮助某人做某事”； help后既可接带to的不定式作宾补，也可接不带to的不定式作宾补。 He often helps me (to )clean the classroom他经常帮我打扫教室。
［拓展］① help sb． with sth．意为“帮某人做某事” , with后跟名词。
I often help him with his lessons. 我经常帮他做功课。
② help oneself to… 意为“请随便用…… Please help yourselves to some fruits 请随便吃些水果。
③help用作名词，表示“帮助”，是不可数名词。 Thanks for your help．谢谢你的帮助。
（2） make breakfast意为“做早饭”，make表示“做,制作”。
I make breakfast for my parents every morning 我每天早上为父母做早饭。
Let＇s make a model plane．让我们做个飞机模型吧。
［拓展］make在不同的短语里有不同的含义
make the／one’s bed整理床铺 make dumplings包饺子 make a noise制造噪音
make friends交朋友 make rules制订规则
辨析：make与do 两者都有“做”的意思。
make 意为“生产；制造”，指用原材料制作成某种东西，或经过努力而做成某物。强调做的东西时一般用make
do 指进行一项经常性的或指定的活动，强调动作时一般用do
He’s making a cake．他在做蛋糕。 I’ m doing my homework．我在做家庭作业。
7. There are too many rules！（我这儿）有太多的规定！B（23）
too many意为“太多”，其中too用作程度副词，表示“太”，修饰形容词many，many接可数名词的复数形式。
There are too many students in our school. 我们学校有太多的学生。
辨析： too many， too much与 much too
too many 太多 其后要接可数名词复数形式
too much 太多 后接不可数名词，还可修饰动词作状语
much too 太 much用来加强语气，后面常接形容词或副词
There are too many flowers in the garden 花园里的花太多了。
I have too much homework this evening.今天晚上我的家庭作业太多了。 He talks too much．他说得太多了。
This little boy is much too fat.这个小男孩太胖了。
助记; too much， much too，去掉前词看后头；much可接不可数，有时也可用作副；too则修饰形或副。
too many请记住，其后名词必复数。
8. After dinner，I can＇ t relax either．晚饭后，我也不能放松。B（23）
relax此处用作不及物动词，意为“放松；休息”，与rest或 have a rest同义，其第三人称单数形式为relaxes
Let's stop working and relax for an hour咱们停止工作，放松一个小时吧。
He usually doesn't work but relaxes for a day on Sundays．他星期天通常不工作，而是放松一天。
［拓展］ relax还可用作及物动词，意为“使放松”。This song relaxes me．这首歌使我心情舒畅。
辨析： relax， relaxing与 relaxed
relax 动词 放松；使放松
relaxing 形容词 主要用来说明事物，表示“令人放松的”
relaxed 形容词 主要用来说明人，表示“感到轻松的”
Playing games always relaxes me.玩游戏总是使我放松。 This film is very relaxing．这部电影令人很放松。
He is relaxed after listening to music. 听完音乐后，他感到轻松。
9. I know how you feel．我知道你的感受。B（23）
（1）本句为含有宾语从句的主从复合句， how you feel作know的宾语。如果一个完整的句子在复合句中充当宾语，那么这个句子就叫宾语从句。注意宾语从句必须用陈述语序。
Can you tell me how I can get to the bookshop 你能告诉我怎么才能到书店吗？
He doesn't know where the post office is他不知道邮局在哪儿。
（2）feel作实义动词，意为“感受；感觉”。 I can feel the warm sun on my back我背上能感觉到温暖的阳光
［拓展］①feel作实义动词，还可意为“觉得；认为”。
How do you feel about all these changes 你认为所有这些改变怎么样？
②feel作连系动词，意为“觉得”，其后跟形容词作表语。
I feel happy today．我今天觉得很快乐。 He feels tired．他觉得很累。
10. Parents and schools are sometimes strict, but remember， they make rules to help us．父母和学校有时是严的，但是记住，他们制订规章制度是为了帮助我们。B（23）
（1） strict 形容词，意为“严格的；严厉的”，在句中作表语或定语。常用短语： be strict with sb．“对某人要求严格”。 She is a strict teacher．她是一个严格的老师。 My parents are strict with me我父母对我要求严格。
（2） remember此处用作及物动词，意为“记住；记起”。其反义词是 forget，意为“忘记。 remember后可接名词、代词、动词的ing形式或动词不定式作宾语，本句中 remember后面的句子作其宾语。
I can't remember his telephone number我记不得他的电话号码了。
辨析： remember to do sth．与 remember doing sth
remember to do sth． “记得要做某事”，说明事情还没有做，其否定形式为 remember not to do sth
remember doing sth. 记得做过某事”，说明事情已经做过
Remember to telephone me when you arrive there. 当你到那里的时候，记着给我打电话。
I remember seeing her in the city我记得在这个城市见过她
11. … I have to／ must keep my hair short．…我不得不／必须留短发。B（24）
keep此处用作及物动词，意为“保持”，用于“keep＋宾语＋形容词”结构，意为“使……保持某种状态”。
We must keep the classroom clean我们必须保持教室干净。
「拓展］keep的其他用法：
1)keep作及物动词，意为“保存”，后接时间段时，可代替 borrow。
How long can I keep the book 我可以借这本书多长时间？
2)keep作及物动词，意为“遵守”，与 follow同义。 Everyone must keep the rules大家必须遵守规章制度。
3)keep还可作连系动词，后接形容词等作表语。
You must look after yourself and keep healthy你必须照顾好自己，保持身体健康。
六、单元习题
1. I will call you as soon as I arrive in Guilin A get to B reach to C get D, arrive
2. ---Don’t smoke here, please. ---____________ A. I don't B. Sorry, I won’t C. No way D. I will
3. 在句中横线上填入一个适当的词，使句意完整。
Some students have to_______glasses in class because they can’t see the blackboard clearly
4. Bruce practices_____basketball every day so that he can be a better player.A. play B. to play C playing
5. There are lots of______that students have to follow in school A exercises B problems C skills D. rules
6. -Oh, my God! I______my notebook in my bedroom -It doesn’t matter. I'll lend you mine.
A forget B forgot C leave D. left
7. -Bruce, I don't like this restaurant. It's too______here -Well, let' s go somewhere quiet
A dirty B noisy C, dangerous D expensive
8. My English teacher is always strict______us A. in B. at C with D. about
9. Tony, remember______with your mouth full of food A. to talk B not to talk C talking
10. The drivers have to_____the traffic rules and control themselves if they want to be safe on the road
A. follow B, break C make
11. -I'm going to Mary's birthday party. Bye, Mom. --________,David!
A. Best wishes B. Have fun C. Take care D. No problem
11. -There is an English test today. --______. A Have a good time B. Good luck C. Bad luck D Thank you
12. She often helps her mother______dinner at home. A do B does C make D makes
13. -What do you usually do______breakfast -I take a walk A between B from C for D. before
14. You can’t eat in the classroom_____hallways A and B but C orD./
15. There are_____people in the park on Sundays A. too many B. too much C much too D very much
16. Can you go_____on school nights A up B out of C out D in
17. We have to______the school uniform at school A wear B put on C in D. dress
18.______music in the classroom. A. Not listen to B. Don’t hear C. Don’t listen to D. Can’t hear
19. Our teacher is strict_____us A. in B for C with D at
20. Tom,______the rules in your school A break B follow C stay D make
21. I don't like singing: my brother doesn't like singing_______. A, too B also C as well D either
22. Remember______the book here next time A. bring B. to take C. to bring D to carry
23.______the window before_____to bed A. Close; go B Close; going C. Closing: go D. Closing; going
24. Don’t______your books in your bedroom A keep B bring C. leave D. leave for
25. You must_____how to swim A studying B. to study C learn D. to learn
七、汉译英
1.你为什么有时和别人打架？
2.你外出前必须清洗餐具。
3.我认为这条规定不好。
4.我把钢笔落在卧室里了。
5.他自学法语。
6.活到老，学到老。
7.我们学英语很开心
八、书面表达
学生应当遵守学校的规章制度。请根据以下要点提示，以 "School rules" 为题，叙述中学生应遵守的一些规章制度，并谈谈你的看法。80词左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数。
要点提示：1. 在课堂上不乱讲话，要认真听老师讲课，不带食物进教室，保
持教室安静、清洁；
2. 课后要按时完成作业；
3. 在学校，要穿校服；
4. 保护学校的一草一木；
5. 与老师和同学们友好相处。
School rules
Every school has rules for students. As a student, we must obey them. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
四、1-5BADAD 6-9AACB
六、1-5AB wear CD 6-11DBCBAB 11-15BCDCA 16-20CACCB 21-25DCBCC
七、汉译英
1. Why do you sometimes fight with others 你为什么有时和别人打架？
2. You must do the dishes before you go out 你外出前必须清洗餐具。
3. I don＇t think the rule is good．我认为这条规定不好。
4. I left my pen in the bedroom我把钢笔落在卧室里了。
5. He learns French by himself．他自学法语。
6.It＇s never too old to learn．活到老，学到老。
7. We have fun learning English 我们学英语很开心
八、 School rules
Every school has rules for students. As a student, we must obey them. First of all, in class, we shouldn't talk but listen to the teachers carefully. We are not supposed to take food or drinks into the classroom. We should keep our classroom quiet and clean. Then, after class, we should finish our homework on time. One more thing, we should wear our school uniforms in school. Besides, we should protect trees, grass and flowers there because they make our school more beautiful. At last, we should get on well with our teachers and classmates.