2023-2024学年人教版七年级下册 Unit 3 How do you get to school? 知识清单与习题（含答案）

Unit 3 How do you get to school
一、必记单词
train n．火车
subway n．地铁
ride v骑n旅程
eighty num.八十
ninety num.九十
hundred num．一百
minute n分钟
far adv＆adj．远：远的
kilometer n千米；公里
new adj新的；刚出现的
every adj每一；每个
drive v.开车
live v.居住；生活
stop n.车站；停止
cross v.横过；越过
many adj．＆pron．许多
village n村庄；村镇
between prep介于…之间
bridge n.桥
afraid adj害怕：惧怕
villager n村民
leave v.离开；留下
dream n梦想；睡梦 v.做梦
true adj真的；符合事实的
二、常考短语
get to到达
take the subway乘地铁
ride a bike骑自行车
every day每天
by bike骑自行车
think of认为；想起
between…．and…．在….和….之间
come true实现：成为现实
get to school到达学校
how far多远
from home to school从家到学校
take the bus乘公共汽车
bus stop公共汽车站
one 11－year－ old boy一个11岁的男孩
play with．．和…玩
be afraid害怕
be like像……
take．．to…＝go to．…by…乘……去
How do／does． get to．？……怎样到达
How far is it from．to．？从……到……有多远？
It takes sb． some time to do sth．做某事花费某人多少时间。
How long does it take．？…花费多长时间？
It is＋adj＋ to do sth．做某事是…的。
have to＋动词原形 不得不做某事
Thanks for doing sth．因做某事而感谢。
What do／does＋主语＋ think of．？…认为怎么样？
walk to +地点名词=go to…on foot 步行去某地
三、经典句型
1.－ How do you get to school？你怎样到学校？ ---I ride my bike．我骑自行车。
2.How far is it from your home to school？？从你家到学校有多远？
3.How long does it take you to get to school？你到学校要用多长时间？
4.For many students, it is easy to get to school对许多学生来说，到达学校是容易的。
四、重点语法：how， how long和 how far引导的特殊疑问句
疑问词（组） 用法 答语
how 提问交通方式，意为“如何” （1）主语＋take（s）／ride（s）+限定词＋表示交通工具的名词＋to＋地点 （2）主语＋go（es）／get（s）+to+地点＋by＋表示交通工具的单数名词或on/in+限定词＋表示交通工具的名词
how long 提问时间长短，意为“多长时间” （1） It takes sb．＋时间＋to do sth． （2）It’s about＋时间段
how far 提问距离，意为“多远” （1）It’s＋路程＋ from A to B （2）A＋is＋路程＋ from＋B ( 3 )It's…minutes' walk/ride （4）It’s＋时间＋by＋表示交通工具的单数名词
1.---How do you go to school？你怎样去上学？
---I take the bus to school. /I go to school by bus/I go to school on the bus．我乘公共汽车去上学。
2.---How long does it take you to get to the library你到达图书馆需要多长时间？
---It takes about 20 minutes /About 20 minutes 花费大约20分钟／大约20分钟。
3.---How far is it from your home to the train station 你家离火车站多远？
---It's 2 kilometers /It's 20 minutes' walk./It's5 minutes by bus．2千米。／步行20分钟。／乘公共汽车5分钟。
［拓展］ how long还可以用来提问物体的长度，意为“多长”
一How long is the river？这条河多长？ ---It’s about 6，600 kilometers．大约6600千米。
练习题：1.---_______do you watch TV every week ---Less than two hours. I often have much homework to do
A. How many B How much C. How long D. How often
2.一______is the nearest hospital from here -Er. it's about ten minutes' walk A. How long B How far C How often
3.---______does your mother go to work every day ----By bike. A Why B Where C How D What
4.---_______does it take you to do your homework every day 一 About an hour．
A. How far B How much C. How many D. How long
5.---______is it from the hotel to the zoo ---it's ten minutes’ ride.A. How B How long C How far D. How many
6．（2015 湖北孝感）It＇ s about2 kilometers from my home to school．（就画线部分提问）
_________ _________is it from your home to school
7. Mr. Green takes the plane to Hainan （就画线部分提问） _______ _______Mr. Green go to Hainan
五、要点全解
1. take the train乘火车A（13）
take此处用作及物动词，意为“乘（车、飞机、轮船等）＂。＂ take the／a＋交通工具”表示乘坐某种交通工具。
take the bus/train/subway/car/boat/plane 乘坐公共汽车/火车／地铁／汽车／船／飞机
John usually takes the school bus to school 约翰通常乘坐校车去学校。
［拓展］take的其他含义
take意为“拿走；带走”。它强调将某人或某物从说话地点带到其他地方去。
I want to take some books to school我想拿些书到学校。
His father often takes him to the bookshop. 他爸爸经常带他去书店
②take意为“买下”。 The sweater is very nice. I'll take it 这件毛衣很漂亮。我买了。
③与take相关的短语
take exercise运动；锻炼 take photos照相；拍照 take a seat坐下；坐坐 take a walk散步 take a rest休息 ake down取下 take away拿走 take out拿出
2. How do you get to school？你怎样到学校？A（13）
（1）how疑问副词，意为“如何；怎样”，此处用以询问交通方式。how对交通方式提问时，它的答语常有以下几种: ① take＋the／a＋交通工具 ②by＋交通工具 ③on／in＋冠词／物主代词＋交通工具
-How does your father go to work 你父亲怎样去上班？
-He takes the bus to work=He goes to work by bus=He goes to work on the bus他乘公共汽车去上班。
（2） get to为固定短语，意为“到达”。其中get用作不及物动词，常与介词to连用，表示“到达…”；当表示目的地的词是副词here， there，home等时，则省略介词to。
They'll get to Beijing at nine tonight.他们将在今晚9点钟到达北京。（接地点名词）
When do you get home every day 你每天什么时候到家？（接地点副词）
3. one hundred and five－百零五A（14）
hundred数词，意为“一百”，当前面有具体数字时，其后不加－s，也不和of连用。
There are about eight hundred students in our school我们学校大约有800名学生。
拓展］①若表示一个不确定的数字，前面没有具体数字时，其后要加－s，且与of连用。 hundreds of意为“数百的；成百上千的”。 There are hundreds of people in the restaurant 这个餐馆里有数百人。
②与 hundred用法类似的单词还有 thousand“一千”， million“－百万”， billion“十亿”。
助记：hundred， thousand， million与 billion的用法
模糊数字两有（有s有of）， 具体数字两无（无s无of）
4. How far is it from your home to school？从你家到学校有多远？A（14）
（1） how far意为“多远”，用来询问距离或路程，
常用句型： How far is it from A to B？或 How far is B from A？意为“从A到B有多远？”，其答语是
It's meter(s)/mile(s)/kilometer(s)(away)，意为“有……米／英里／千米（远）”。
-How far is it from the park to the school 从公园到学校有多远？ --It＇ s about3 miles．大约3英里。
［拓展］在回答 how far的提问时，通常有两种情形：
①有具体的数字时，应与 away from连用，表示具体距离的计量，口语中away可省略。
②没有具体数字时，应用far或 near作答。
-How far is it from your home to your school 从你家到学校有多远？
-It's twenty kilometers away from my home to my school /It's very far从我家到学校有20千米远。／很远。
（2）far用作副词，意为＂远”。
The children don’t go far from home.孩子们不会离家很远。
She wants to move as far away from here as possible她想尽量搬得离这儿远些。
［拓展］far用作形容词，意为“远的”。
We can walk to my house from here. It isn’t far我们可以从这里走着去我家，不远。
5. I’m not sure …about 10 kilometers？我不确定……大约10千米？A（14）
I＇m not sure．是一句表达自己对判断没有十足把握时的固定套语。其中的形容词sure意为“肯定的,确定的”，它的疑问形式和肯定形式在口语中也十分常用。
I'm not sure if he is Mr. Zhang.我不确定他是不是张先生。 Are you sure？你确定吗？ I＇ m sure．我确定。
拓展］sure的用法：
1） be sure to do sth．意为“一定要做某事；务必要做某事”。
Be sure to finish your homework before supper.晚饭前一定要完成你的作业。
2 ）be sure of意为”有把握……；确信…”。I'm sure of winning the game.我确信能赢得这场比賽。
3）“be sure＋that从句”意为“确信……”，当从句主语与主句主语一致时，可用＂ be sure to do sth替换
I'm sure that I'm right.=I'm sure to be right我确信我是正确的。
6. bus stop公共汽车站B（16）
stop此处用作名词，意为“车站”。 at the bus stop在公共汽车站
The bus stop is not far from my school 公共汽车站离我的学校不远。
辨析： bus stop与 bus station
bus stop与 bus station都是指“公共汽车站”。bus stop指城镇内外的停车点，而 bus station指能停、转车辆的汽车站点。
［拓展］stop用作动词，意为“停止”，常用结构: stop to do sth．“停下来去做某事＂； stop doing sth＂“停止做某事”。 Let＇s stop to have a rest．让我们停下来休息一下吧。 Stop talking， please！请停止说话！
7. For many students, it is easy to get to school.对许多学生来说，到达学校是容易的。B（17）
（1）for介词，在此意为“对……来说，对…而言” For me， it is the best．对我而言，它是最好的。
(2 )It is +adj. (+for/of sb. )+to do sth. 意为“（对某人来说）做某事是……的”。其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。
It is easy(for me )to ride a bike（对我来说）骑自行车是容易的。 It is better to stay at home．待在家里更好。
［拓展］①此句型中的形容词若为描述事物特征的词，如 difficult，easy，bard， important等，其后的介词用for，构成＂It’s＋adj＋ for sb．＋to do sth．”句式，意为“做某事对某人来说是……的”
It's important for us to eat a lot of vegetables every day．每天吃大量的蔬莱对我们来说是重要的。
②此句型中的形容词若为描述人物品质及性格特征的词，如clever，kind，good，nice等，其后的介词用of，构成＂It’s＋adj．＋of sb．＋to do sth．”句式。
It's very nice of you to help me 你帮助我真是太好了。
8. But he is not afraid because he loves school.但他并不害怕，因为他爱学校。B（17）
afraid形容词，意为“害怕的；畏惧的”，是一个表语形容词，其常见用法有
① be afraid of sth．意为“害怕某事／某物”。 Most of the girls are afraid of snakes大多数女孩怕蛇。
② be afraid to do sth．意为“害怕做某事”。Her elder sister is afraid to stay at home alone 她姐姐害怕独自待在家里。
③ be afraid of doing sth．意为“害怕做某事”，指担心或担忧做某事会引起某种后果。
Don＇ t be afraid of asking for help．不要害怕求助。
④be afraid＋（hat＋）从句”意为“恐怕…… I＇m afraid（that） he can＇ t come．我怕他不能来了。
9. Many of the students and villagers never leave the village．许多学生和村民从没有离开过这个村庄。B（17）
（1） many of．意为“…中的许多”，of后接代词的宾格、可数名词复数。接名词时，这个名词前必须有形容词性物主代词、名词所有格或定冠词修饰，它表示一种部分与整体的关系。
Many of us like the film 我们中的许多人喜欢这部电影。 Many of her friends are girls她的朋友中有许多是女孩。
（2） leave此处用作及物动词，意为“离开”。
Mr. Smith leaves the room at eight o'clock every day史密斯先生每天8点钟离开房问。
When did you leave Shanghai 你什么时候离开上海的？
拓展：1）leave for ＋ 地点 表示“动身去某地”。Next week Alice is leaving for London 下周艾丽斯要去伦敦了。
2）leave＋地点＋for＋地点 表示“离开某地去某地”。
Why are you leaving Beijing for Shanghai 你为什么要离开北京去上海？
10. They have to cross a very big river between their school and the village．他们不得不穿越一条在他们学校和村庄之间的非常大的河。B（17）
have to意为“必须；不得不”，表示客观上的需要，有人称、数、时态的变化，其后接动词原形。
Because he had no money, he had to drop out of school．因为没有钱，他不得不辍学了。
辨析： have to与must
have to 必须；不得不， 表示客观上的需要，有人称、数、时态的变化。 don’t/doesn’t have to表示“不必”
must 必须；一定 表示说话人主观上的看法 mustn’t表示“禁止”
You don't have to tell him about it你没必要把这件事告诉他。
You mustn’t tell him about it. 你一定不要把这件事告诉他。
六、单元习题
1. -Where were you born, Michael -I was born in a small village with only three______people
A hundred B hundreds C. hundreds of
2. ---________is it from your home to school ---it's about 10 kilometers
A. How far B How long C How soon D. How often
3. ---______will you stay in England -More than a month A When B How soon C. How long
4.---How long does it_______to get to the station by taxi ---About an hour A use B have C take D spend
5. It's necessary for us______to our parents when we have problems. A. to talk B. talking C. talk
6. The bank is______the bookstore and the post office. A. at the front of B. among C between
7. 根据句意及汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式。Hold on to your_______（梦想）． One day they may come true
8. ---How do you usually go to school ---My school is far away, I_____take the bus to schoolA must B, might C, have to
9.Thanks for______me with my English A help B, to help C, helping
1. It takes me fifteen minutes______from my home to the bus station A walk B walking C walks D to walk
2. There are sixty______in an hour A hours B days C minutes D. seconds
3. My home isn't far from here. It's only_______walk A. ten minutes B. ten minutes’ C. ten minute's D. ten minute
4. He usually goes to visit his friends_____Saturday afternoon A. at B. in C. on D. of
5. Tom sits_____Mary and Jane. A.among B between C on D. next
6. -How do you______there -I take the train. A get B get to C gets D. gets to
7. It is difficult_______English well. A learn B to learn C learning D learns
8. Mary______her bike to school every day. A. takes B rides C drives D by
9. He is a_______boy A. five year old B. five-year-old C five-years-old D. five years old
10. Thanks for_______me to school A takes B to take C take D. taking
七、汉译英
1.从我家到学校有20千米远。／很远。
2.她想尽量搬得离这儿远些。
3.你到学校要用多长时间？
4.通常骑自行车去学校花我半个小时的时间。
5.羊以草为食。
6.你知道今天的天气怎么样吗？
7.你认为动作片怎么样？
8.她很像她的妈妈。
9.谢谢你帮助我学英语
八、书面表达
假设你叫陈明，你在美国的笔友迈克(Mike)来信向你询问平时上学的方式，请根据下表中的信息，给你的笔友写封回信，向他介绍一下自己上学的方式。
How far it is from your home to school About 10 kilometers
The time of getting up 7：00
The time of leaving for school 7：30
How long it takes to walk to the subway station About 10 minutes
How long the subway ride takes About 15 minutes
要求：(1)语言通顺、流畅，可适当发挥；(2)60词左右，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Mike，
Thank you for your last e mail. Now I am writing to tell you about how I go to school.
______________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Chen Ming
参考答案
四、1-7CBCDC How far How does
六、1-5AACCA 6-9C dreams CC 1-5DCBCB 6-10 ABBBD
七、汉译英
1. -It's twenty kilometers away from my home to my school /It's very far从我家到学校有20千米远。／很远。
2. She wants to move as far away from here as possible她想尽量搬得离这儿远些。
3. How long does it take you to get to school？你到学校要用多长时间？
4. It usually takes me half an hour to go to school by bike．通常骑自行车去学校花我半个小时的时间。
5. Sheep live on grass．羊以草为食。
6. Do you know what the weather is like today 你知道今天的天气怎么样吗？
7. What do you think of action movies =How do you like action movies 你认为动作片怎么样？
8. She is very like her mother．她很像她的妈妈。
9. Thanks for helping me with my English 谢谢你帮助我学英语
八、
Dear_Mike，
Thank_you_for_your_last_e-mail._Now_I_am_writing_to_tell_you_about_how_I_go_to_school. My home is about ten kilometers from school. I usually go to school by subway. I get up at 7 o'clock every morning. It takes me about half an hour to take a shower and have breakfast. Then I leave home for school at about 7：30. First I walk to the subway station. It takes me about 10 minutes. Then the subway ride takes me about 15 minutes. I get to school at about 8：00 a．m..
Yours，
Chen_Ming