2024安徽中考英语二轮复习题型二阅读理解 （一）选择型阅读理解课件(共62张PPT)

(共62张PPT)
阅读理解
题 型 二
考情概览
1
微技能突破
2
（一）选择型阅读理解
考情概览
分析安徽近10年中考真题可知，选择型阅读理解呈现以下特点：
1. 文体：说明文(10年19考)、记叙文(10年12考)、应用文(10年10考)、诗歌(2023年B篇)；
2. 话题：
(1)说明文：说明介绍(10年15考)、中西文化(10年3考)、慈善公益(2022年B篇)；
(2)记叙文：慈善公益(10年4考)、教育引导(10年3考)、外国名人(10年3考)和生活故事(2021年C篇，2023年A篇)；
(3)应用文：网站调研、旅游景点、传统文化、诗歌、机器人、学校生活等。
3. 词数：记叙文词数为170~250，生词1~3个；说明文词数为170~260，
生词0~4个；应用文词数为110~280，生词0~3个。
阅读理解题型主要考查考生阅读、理解、归纳概括、逻辑推理以及对材料的评估能力。安徽选择型阅读理解有5种设题方式：细节理解、推理判断、词义/句意猜测、主旨/段落大意和标题归纳。针对不同的设题类型，我们可以运用不同的解题技巧。
微技能突破
微技能突破
微技能1 细节理解
微技能2 推理判断
微技能3 词义/句意猜测
微技能5 标题归纳
微技能4 主旨/段落大意
微技能1 细节理解(10年连续考查)
细节理解题主要考查考生对阅读材料中某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。中考英语语篇中对事实细节的考查主要分为两种情况：一是直接细节类，其答案几乎可以直接从原文中找出来，考生只要根据题干中的关键词与原文进行对照，就能找到答案；二是隐含细节类，这类题可以根据文章的隐含意义，如原因、前提或结果等仔细推敲，得出正确答案。常见的解题方法如下：
关键词定位法(10年连续考查)
1
方法
Paragraph 1(2021安徽阅读B节选)
Mike has started two technology companies. And he has a bigger dream for the future. “I really want to make things easier for people, especially the old，” Mike explained. “The next, maybe a health care robot.”
1. What is Mike's bigger dream
A. To be a health care worker.
B. To make things easier for people.
C. To learn computer knowledge.
D. To start two technology companies.
方法点拨
首先通过题干信息确定关键词；其次在原文中查寻关键词原词或其派生词、近义词或反义词，找相关句子；最后比对选项和原文细节，确定答案。如：
第1题：根据题干中的“________________”定位至该段第三句“_________________________________________”，可知Mike更大的梦想是让人们的事情变得更容易。故选________。
I really want to make things easier for people
bigger dream
B
Paragraph 2(2021安徽阅读D节选)
61% of the food waste is from home cooking. Food services, such as restaurants, produce 26% and groceries(食品杂货店) and other stores 13%.
2.Where is most food waste from
A. Home cooking. B. Restaurants. C. Food stores. D. Groceries
方法点拨
第2题：根据题干中的“________________”定位至该段第________句，可知大多数食物浪费来自家庭烹饪。故选________。
A
一/1
most food waste
2
方法
相关信息转换法(10年11考)　
Paragraph 3(2021安徽阅读B节选)
Mike showed great learning ability and interest in the “how” and “why” behind things at a very young age. He began to study computer programming at age 5. 　
3.When did Mike start to learn computer programming
A. At age 5. B. At age 7.
C. At age 10. D. At age 12.
方法点拨
首先阅读题干，确定关键词，寻读原文相关信息；其次利用同义/近义/反义词复现、同源词复现、词性或语态变化、简化/转换原文复杂表达来确定答案。如：
第3题：根据题干中的关键词“_____________________”定位至最后一句，对比题干可知“____________”与原文“_____________”之间为同义转换。故选________。
computer programming
A
start to learn
began to study
Paragraph 4(2021安徽阅读B节选)
He taught himself on the Internet and put his learning into practice. He has learned 10 languages. Also, he is improving(提高) another skill: written communication. “My idea is no use to anyone if I can't express it，” he explained.
4.Why is Mike improving the skill of written communication
A. To learn another language. B. To make new inventions.
C. To better express his ideas. D. To teach himself online.
方法点拨
第4题：根据题干中的关键词“______________________”定位至最后一句，可知Mike想更好地表达自己的想法。故选________。
C
written communication
微技能2　推理判断(10年44考)
阅读理解中对考生推理判断能力的考查要求考生在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对文中细节中隐含的信息和语篇逻辑关系的分析作出一定的判断和推理，从而理解作者所要传达的信息、得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义。
1. 常见设问方式：
(1)针对文章中细节的推断：
①What can we learn/know/infer from the passage/...paragraph/sb's words？(10年7考 )
②Which of the following is TRUE(about...) according to the passage？(10年6考)
③We can infer/learn from the passage/Paragraph X that... (10年4考)
④Which of the following best describes...？(2021.66, 2022.87)
⑤From the passage/paragraph ... /the text we can learn that ________. (2023.84, 2022.80)
(2)根据文章体裁和内容推断文章出处：
①In which part of a magazine can we read the text？(10年4考)
②Where is(does) the passage probably(come) from？(10年3考)
③Which part of a newspaper can this passage be taken from？(2023.87)
④These texts are probably from ________．(2023.90)
(3)推断文章续写内容和作者写作意图：
①What is the purpose of the text (2021.69, 2023.74)
②What is the ending of the story (2021.65)
③What will the writer talk about in the last paragraph (2020.72)
2. 解题技巧：
解答推理判断题要以文字信息为依据，既不能作出在原文中找不到依据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息进行多余推理。也就是说，要做到判断有据，推论有理，忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。考生切记，推理判断题必须把握的一个原则：正确选项必须是由文中事实推断出的另一个正确的事实，而不是对文章细节的直接陈述。
3
方法
针对文章中细节的推断(10年28考)
Paragraph 5(2021安徽阅读B节选)
“Mike does well in all subjects，” his mother said. “When he has difficulties, he will try to find a way out.” His father was satisfied with Mike's non academic(非学业的) achievements. “They mean much more，” his father said.
5. What can we learn about Mike's parents
A. They are proud of their son Mike.
B. They help Mike with all subjects.
C. They care more about Mike's grades.
D. They work in the same company.
确定题干关键词，对照关键词在文中定位相关线索，然后进行推断，排除错误选项(无中生有、以偏概全、原文信息)。如：
第5题：根据Mike父母话语中的关键词“_____________________”及“________________”可推知，Mike的父母为Mike感到自豪。故选______。
方法点拨
dose well in all subjects
was satisfied with
A
4
方法
根据文章体裁和内容推断文章出处(10年9考)
Paragraph 6(2021安徽阅读A节选)
If you have problems describing people, don't worry! We'll use popular film characters(角色) to help you learn some useful words.
6. In which part of a magazine can we read the text
A. Sport. B. Travel.
C. Environment. D. Language.
此类题目可以根据文章的用词和格式推断文章的出处。如：网页的格式、网址；报纸前会出现日期、地点；广告的用词和格式，也可以根据文章主题意义来确定文章是否属于文化、健康、科技等版块。如：
第6题：由最后一句中的“_____________________________”可推断出，本文应是出自杂志的语言版块。故选________。
方法点拨
help you learn some useful words
D
Paragraph 7(2021宜宾阅读A节选)
It is reported that the cost of living has been rising around the world in recent years. In the study, 214 cities worldwide were surveyed. So, which cities are the most expensive to live in
7. Where can we easily find the passage
A. A geography book. 　 B. A science fiction.
C. A survey report. 　　 D. A nature magazine.
方法点拨
第7题：根据第________句中的“________________”和“________”可推断出本文应是出自一篇调查报告。故选________。
C
surveyed
In the study
二/2
推断作者写作意图(2021.69，2023.74)　
5
方法
Paragraph 8 (2021安徽阅读D节选)
According to the finding of a new UN report, the world wastes about one sixth of the food each year. That's about 1，030，000，000 tons, or 121 kilograms for each person on the Earth.
...
Then what can we do to stop food waste Small actions make a difference. Each of us can play a part. Next time, before you throw, think twice!
8. What is the purpose of the text
A. To collect money. 　 B. To call for action.
C. To get some advice. D. To express thanks.
作者写文章时的态度和观点往往并不直接写出来，但是在文章的首段或者尾段一般表现得非常明显，考生要重点理解首尾段，提炼作者的观点。如：
第8题：根据最后一段首句提出然后“我们应该做什么来阻止食物浪费？”可知，文章的目的是为了___________________________
________.故选________。
方法点拨
号召人们行动起来阻止食物的
浪费
B
巧用数字推断(2020.66，2022.85)
6
方法
Paragraph 9 (2020安徽阅读D节选)
To protect finless porpoises(江豚) and the Yangtze River, the government has stopped people from fishing on the river. In 2023, Xiao Liuying formed the voluntary team with 12 other fishermen. Today the team has more than 50 members. All of them are over 60 years old. “We want to protect the river while we can，” said Xiao.
9. How many members were there in the team when it was formed
A. 12. 　 B. 13. 　 C. 50. 　　　 D. 62.
方法点拨
解答此类试题的方法是先理解文章的大意，然后经过对比、分析、计算等得出正确的答案。如：
第9题：由题干中的中心词“formed”可对应到本段第________句，从而得出队伍由________________和________________组成，1+12＝13。故选________。
Xiao Liuying
其他12名渔民
B
二/2
推断文章结尾(2021.65)
7
方法
Paragraph 10(2021安徽阅读C节选)
The next minute I heard the singing of the wagtail again. He was flying back and two large magpies followed. They landed on either side of the young magpie, and then put their heads in the air and sang excitedly.
10. What is the ending of the story
A. The magpie broke both his wings again.
B. The magpie flew away with the wagtail.
C. The magpie got together with his parents.
D. The magpie returned to the writer's home.
此题目需要抓住最后一段中的细节性描述，从而推断出文章结尾。如：
第10题：根据该段第___________句可知小喜鹊被父母包围着，它们头仰天兴奋地唱歌，由此可以推断出，喜鹊和它的父母团聚了。故选________。
方法点拨
C
二、三/2、3
推断文章续写内容(2020.72)
8
方法
Paragraph 11 (2020安徽阅读E节选)
The local people of La Gomera can carry on conversations by whistling(吹口哨) from far away. For face to face conversations, they speak Spanish. But when they need to speak over a distance(距离), they whistle.
...
Whistling is popular at La Gomera, and many methods of whistling are used ...
11. What will the writer talk about in the last paragraph
A.Disadvantages of whistling. B.Stories of a top whistler.
C.Different methods of whistling. D.Examples of good whistlers
文章内容通常具有一定的逻辑性和连贯性，才能使文章脉络清晰。梳理文章结构，根据文章中的提示性语句，可以推断出作者的思路和续写内容。如：
第11题：根据最后一段中的“________________________________”可推知，后文应是接着介绍吹口哨的不同方式。故选________。
方法点拨
many methods of whistling are used
C
推断代词指代内容(2020.64)
9
方法
Paragraph 12 (2020安徽阅读C节选)
Keeping a diary helps a lot. Studies have shown that people who keep a diary sleep and feel better. It helps people remember what once happened such as dreams, friendships and happiness. Writing about bad feelings can also help brains get over them and move on.
12.What does the underlined word “them” refer to(指的是)
A. Studies. B. Bad feelings. C. Friendships. 　 D. Brains.
解答此类试题的关键是找到代词所在句，先去除句子的“枝叶”——修饰成分，只留代词所在句子的主干部分，用所找的指代内容替换画线代词，核实句意是否合理，前后内容是否一致。如：
第12题：本题画线单词“them”所在句为最后一句，再结合句中“Writing about bad feelings”可知“them”应指代前文的“________________”.故选________。
方法点拨
bad feelings
B
Paragraph 13 (2021眉山阅读D节选)
Firstly, paper bags and straws are made from trees. Trees, as you know, can reduce(减少) carbon dioxide(二氧化碳) levels in the atmosphere. They can slow down climate(气候) change. An increase in the use of paper bags can cause more acts of cutting down trees.
13.What does the underlined word “They” refer to
A. Plastic products. 　　　 B. Trees.
C. Paper products. 　　　　 D. Businesses.
方法点拨
第13题：根据代词所在句的前一句可知，画线单词“They”指代前文的“________”。故选________。
Trees
B
微技能3　词义/句意猜测(10年14考)
此类题目在设置时，需要猜测的词汇大都为生难词汇，少量涉及熟词生义(2023.80)，句意猜测多为同义句的转换。考生需要重点掌握根据上下文推测生词、短语或句子意思的技巧。常见设问方式如下：
(1)词义猜测题
①What does the underlined word “...” in Paragraph ...(probably) mean？(10年5考)
②The(underlined) word “...”(in Paragraph ... )(probably) means “ ________”(in Chinese). (10年6考)
(2)句意猜测题
①What does the writer mean by the underlined sentence？(2022.82)
②The underlined sentence “...” probably means “ ________．”(2023.85)
③What does the sentence “...” mean？(2023.95)
根据上下文语境猜测词义/句意(10年8考)
10
方法
Paragraph 14(2021安徽阅读C节选)
With my care, the young magpie was doing well, but he was not happy to find himself in a cage(笼子). Several days later, his wings were fine and nothing else was broken. He recovered. I decided to drive him to where he was found. When I arrived, I got the cage out of the car and opened the door. I offered my arm. He jumped onto it and looked around. I could see he knew where he was.
14.What does the underlined word “recovered” mean
A. 康复　 B. 求救　 C. 挨饿　 D. 唱歌
此类题目需要利用上下文提供的语境和线索进行符合逻辑的综合分析，从而推测词义或句意。如：
第14题：根据画线单词所在句的前句中“_____________________”可猜测“recovered”意为“康复”。故选________。
方法点拨
nothing else was broken
A
通过生活常识猜测词义/句意(2020.67,2022.84)　
11
方法
Paragraph 15(2020安徽阅读D节选)
Every week, the team go along the river to collect waste and make sure no one is fishing on the river. Some of the waste they collect is sent to the disposal station, while some that can be reused is sold. So far, they have cleaned over 50 tons of waste. Thanks to their hard work, the Yangtze River is getting clearer.
15. What does the underlined word “disposal” in Paragraph 3 mean
A. 处理　　 B. 传播　　 C. 救护　　　 D. 保养
有些生词我们可以利用科普知识和生活常识推测其含义。已有的生活经验或常识往往会给阅读的理解提供有力的支持。如：
第15题：第二句介绍了对所搜集垃圾的两种处理方式，再结合选项和生活常识可推断“disposal”意为“________”。故选________。
方法点拨
处理
A
通过举例猜测词义/句意(2022.73)　
12
方法
Paragraph 16(2022安徽阅读A节选)
Flying kites
Kites have quite a long history. The earliest kites were made of wood, instead of paper. The three most famous kites are the Beijing kite, Tianjin kite and Weifang kite. Each has its own feature. For example, the bird shaped kite with long wings is a special kind of the Beijing kite.
16.What does the underlined word “feature” mean in the text
A. 特征　 B. 地貌　　 C. 五官　　　 D. 影片
恰当的举例能够为猜测词义提供重要的线索。如：根据such as, for example, like, including等词的前后内容，或者破折号前后内容来猜测词义。如：
第16题：根据画线单词所在句后一句中的“__________________
____________________________”可知“feature”意为“________”。故选________。
方法点拨
For example,the
bird-shaped kite with long wings
特征
A
通过同义词或近义词猜测词义(2022.86)
13
方法
Paragraph 17(2022安徽阅读D节选)
He has raised$400，000 for his Little Red Wagon Foundation since then. It gives money to projects which help homeless children. In 2007, Zach began walking to support a children's charity(慈善组织) in Tampa, Florida. He finished his journey 23 days later, 280 miles away in Tallahassee. Then in the summer of 2009, he trekked about 670 miles from Atlanta to Washington, D. C., in just two months.
17. The underlined word “trekked” in Paragraph 3 probably means “ ______”.
A. 延伸　　　 B. 挖掘　　 C. 跋涉　　　 D. 飞行
有时作者为了避免重复，或为了表达同一事物的不同种类，使用同义词或近义词。因此我们就可以利用同义词或近义词由熟悉的词语来推测不熟悉的词语的含义。如：
第17题：由前文中的词汇“___________”与前文“__________”可猜测“trekked”应表示“________”。故选________。
方法点拨
walking
journey
跋涉
C
通过反义词或反义关系猜测词义(2023.79)
14
方法
Paragraph 18(2023安徽阅读B节选)
M. Hirsh Goldberg wrote a book on telling lies. He said in his book that almost all persons lie about 200 times a day. In our daily life, a typical(典型的) lie for a man is “I did not drink that much.” and for a woman is “Nothing is wrong. I'm fine.” It is found that nurses are the most honest people, while sales people and politicians(政客) are the biggest liars.
18.The underlined word “liars” probably means “________”.
A. 获利者　 B. 说谎者 C. 影响者　　 D. 领导者
通过反义词猜测词义，一看表转折关系的连词或副词，如but, while, however等；二看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语。如：
第18题：根据画线单词所在句中的词“________”与前文“________”可猜测“liars”应表示“________”。故选________。
方法点拨
honest
while
B
说谎者
通过定义或释义关系猜测词义(2023.89)　
15
方法
Paragraph 19(2023安徽阅读C节选)
pollute /p ′lu：t/v.[T] 1 to make air, water, soil etc dangerously dirty and not suitable for people to use: beaches polluted by raw sewage | industrial emissions that pollute the air 2 pollute sb's mind to give someone immoral thoughts and spoil their character: fears that Lawrence's novels would pollute young minds—polluted adj: polluted rivers—polluter n．[C]
pollution /p ′lu： n/ n. [U] 1 the process of making
19. The word “pollute” means “ ________”.
A. to tell something to a lot of people
B. wanting to know about something
C. a programme on the radio or on TV
D. to make air, water, soil, etc dirty
如果生词后有定语或同位语，或者使用冒号、破折号、引号等来引出内容，对该生词加以解释或定义，那么理解这些内容就至关重要。如：
第19题：阅读这张词汇卡，根据“pollute”的第________个注解可以推断出“pollute”的意思是“____________________________
_____________”。故选________。
方法点拨
使空气、水、油等非常脏，不
适合人们使用
一/1
D
微技能4　主旨/段落大意(10年7考)
主旨/段落大意题要求考生在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章内容或段落内容进行归纳、概括或评价。解答这类题目时，不能只凭文中的只言片语就断章取义。在涉及文章或段落的主题(main idea)、结论(conclusion)、结局(end)等有关问题时，需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学的语言知识、背景知识、生活常识等进行逻辑推理和判断，从而挖掘出文章中隐含的信息。
1. 常见设问方式：
①What is/are the... mainly about？(10年4考)
②The passage is mainly about... (2022.82)
③The passage mainly talks about... (2022.80)
2. 解题技巧：
“主题句定位法”是一种理解全文或段落主旨大意的行之有效的方法。通常有以下方法：
藏龙卧虎(10年6考)
16
方法
Paragraph 20(2021安徽阅读D节选)
Each year, some 690，000，000 people go hungry. At the same time, about 10% of all CO2 on the Earth is from the activities that produce the food waste. Control on food waste can help deal with hunger and cut down that pollution. It is helpful to both people and the planet. By avoiding wasting food, we can save money and time. More importantly, we can help protect the Earth's most valuable resources(资源).
20. What is the third paragraph(段落) mainly about
A. How we can protect the Earth.
B. Where we shall find resources.
C. Why we should avoid food waste.
D. What we will do with pollution.
主题句隐含在文中，没有明确的主题句时，考生可根据文章细节来分析、概括推出文章主题。具体方法是：明确各个段落的内容，以及它们之间的逻辑关系，寻找共同点， 然后加以归纳形成主题。如：
第20题：本段通过事实数据、控制食物浪费及避免食物浪费的好处三个方面来陈述，综合以上可知主旨应是：____________________
_________。故选________。
方法点拨
为什么我们应该避免
食物浪费
C
开门见山(2020.65)　
17
方法
Paragraph 21(2020安徽阅读C节选)
Keeping a diary helps a lot. Studies have shown that people who keep a diary sleep and feel better. It helps people remember what once happened such as dreams, friendships and happiness. Writing about bad feelings can also help brains get over them and move on. Personally, I learn better about myself and my relationships with others by keeping a diary.
21. What is the second paragraph(段落) mainly about
A. Reasons for fighting with Dad. B. Rules of comparing with others.
C. Ways of having clear skin. D. Advantages of keeping a diary.
主题句出现在文首。开门见山，点明主题，随之用细节来解释、论证或发展中心思想。这类文章结构一般是总分结构，主题比较明显，在文章的开头就能找出。如：
第21题：本段第________句概括本段内容为：_______________.故选________。
方法点拨
D
一/1
写日记的好处
微技能5　标题归纳(10年8考)
标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂和门面。选择标题在英语阅读理解题中属于主旨大意题，是深层理解题。常见的设问方式和解题技巧如下：
1. 常见设问方式：
①Which(of the following) might be/could be the best title for the text/passage (10年4考)
②What is/might be/would be the best title for the text/passage (10年4考)
2. 解题技巧：
通常情况下，标题具有概括性、针对性、醒目性的特点。所谓概括性，就是指标题应在最大程度上覆盖全文，囊括文章的主要内容，体现文章的主题；针对性是对标题外延的一种界定，标题要直接指向文章的主要特点；醒目性是为了吸引读者的注意力，唤起读者对文章阅读的兴趣。
关注核心及高频词汇(10年4考)
18
方法
Paragraph 22(2021安徽阅读E节选)
Do you ever give up easily in difficult situations If so, imagine yourself as someone with great abilities like Batman(蝙蝠侠). It will help you feel strong. You will not give up easily and will probably do better. This is called the Batman Effect(效应).
... And in Group Three, the children were told to imagine themselves as Batman and ask themselves, “Is Batman working hard？” Researchers found that the children in Group Three did the best.
How can you make use of the Batman Effect Imagine yourself as someone who is the best for the task you are doing...
22.What is the best title(标题) for the text
A. Go and do research!
B. Come and complete tasks!
C. I can do it! I'm Batman!
D. You can help! You're a helper！
在阅读文章时，要注意文章中反复出现或强调的信息，寻找与文章大多数内容相关的信息，找出覆盖全文的核心词汇，看选项内容是否切中文章的中心论题，也就是要看选项内容与作者的写作目的是否一致。如：
第22题：文章开头引出“蝙蝠侠效应”、中间段介绍对这一效应的研究内容、最后又点明了蝙蝠侠效应的作用，“________”一词贯穿全文。故选________。
方法点拨
Batman
C
根据主题句提炼标题(10年4考)
19
方法
Paragraph 23(2023安徽阅读C节选)
Doyne felt that the street children's greatest need was a home. She found a piece of land for sale and bought it with $5，000 she saved from years of babysitting(当临时保姆). In 2008 the Kopila Valley Children's Home was set up. With the help from the community, another goal was reached in 2010—the Kopila Valley School. Over 350 children now attend the school and over 50 live in the home.
Today, Doyne lives in the home and is “mum” to the kids.
寻找文章主题句是解答标题归纳题的核心。主题句通常在文章首段或末段、段首或段尾。如：
第23题：根据文章最后一段“Today, Doyne lives in the home and is ‘mum' to the kids.” 概括文意为_________________________________。故选________。
23. Which of the following might be the best title for the text
A. Maggie Doyne—A Lonely Traveller
B. War in Western Nepal
C. Maggie Doyne—Mum to More Than 50
D. A Girl Lived on Her Own
方法点拨
Doyne成了那所学校孩子们的“妈妈”
C