2024届高三下学期英语培优外刊阅读导学案：中文名字话题（含答案）
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| 名称 | 2024届高三下学期英语培优外刊阅读导学案：中文名字话题（含答案） |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2024-05-19 17:20:02 | ||
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高三英语培优外刊阅读
班级：____________学号：____________姓名：____________
外刊精选｜用中文名赢得选举？旧金山对候选人“编造”中文名说不
据报道，随着地方选举的临近，美国旧金山市正在限制非华裔候选人将自行编造的中文名字印在选票上的做法。旧金山的华裔人口比例超过20%，包括非华裔在内的公职参选人常常会取华丽的中文名，以求让华裔选民对自己留下深刻印象。批评人士称，这是一种“文化挪用”现象。这种竞选策略是如何影响选举的？如何看待这一文化现象？
No, Your Honor, You Can't Call Yourself 'High Justice' on the Ballot in Chinese
By Heather Knight and Amy Qin
In San Francisco, where more than a fifth of residents are of Chinese descent, politicians have long taken a second name in Chinese characters.
But the city's leniency for adopted names has frustrated some Chinese American candidates, who say that non-Chinese rivals have gone overboard by using flattering, flowery phrases that at first glance have little to do with their actual names. Some candidates have gained an advantage or engaged in cultural appropriation, the critics say.
No more. For the first time, San Francisco has rejected Chinese names submitted by 22 candidates, in most cases because they could not prove they had used the names for at least two years. The city has asked translators to furnish names that are transliterated, a process that more closely approximates English pronunciations.
That means Michael Isaku Begert, who is running to keep his local judgeship, cannot use 米高義, which means in part "high" and "justice," a name that suggests he was destined to sit on the bench.
The switch isn't universally popular. It has the potential of resulting in long monikers that are difficult to remember or even cringe-worthy, since the characters that sound like someone's name may translate into odd phrases in Chinese.
At a recreation center in San Francisco's Richmond District, some voters said that a candidate's name has less impact on whom they choose than what one has done.
"If you care, we'll know your name," Hong Le, 88, said in Cantonese.
【词汇过关】
请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。
1.ballot英 [ b l t] 美 [ b l t] n. _____________________________
2.descent英 [d sent] 美 [d sent] n. _____________________________
3.character英 [ k r kt ] 美 [ ker kt r] n. _____________________________
4.leniency英 [ li ni nsi] 美 [ li ni nsi] n. _____________________________
5.lenient adj. _____________________________
6.harsh adj. _____________________________
7.adopted adj. _____________________________
8.frustrate英 [fr s tre t] 美 [ fr stre t] v. _____________________________
9.overboard adv. _____________________________
10.flattering英 [ fl t r ] 美 [ fl t r ] adj. _____________________________
11.flowery英 [ fla ri] 美 [ fla ri] adj. _____________________________
12.appropriate v. _____________________________
13.submit英 [s b m t] 美 [s b m t] v. _____________________________
14.furnish英 [ f n ] 美 [ f r n ] v. _____________________________
15.transliterate英 [tr nz l tre t] 美 [tr ns l t re t] v. _____________________________
16.approximate英 [ pr ks me t] 美 [ prɑ ks me t] v. _____________________________
17.run英 [r n] 美 [r n] v. _____________________________
18.switch英 [sw t ] 美 [sw t ] n. _____________________________
19.universally英 [ ju n v sli] 美 [ ju n v r sli] adv. _____________________________
20.moniker英 [ m n k r] 美 [ mɑ n k r] n. _____________________________
21.cringe-worthy英 [ kr nd w i] 美 [ kr nd w r i] adj. _________________________
22.cringe v. _____________________________
23.toe-curling adj. _____________________________
【词块学习】
请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。
1. _____________________________法官大人
2. _____________________________ 陛下（称呼女王或国王）
3. _____________________________殿下（称呼王室成员）
4. _____________________________ 老爷、夫人的尊称
5. _____________________________ 某人是非裔/法国裔
6. _____________________________姓；（本文）第二个名字
7. _____________________________ 宽松的法律
8 _____________________________对某人态度宽厚
9. _____________________________新名，别名
10. _____________________________做某事太过激、过了头
11 _____________________________ 上镜的拍照角度
12. _____________________________很衬肤色的颜色
13. _____________________________ 华丽空洞的演讲
14 _____________________________乍一看
15 _____________________________文化挪用
16 _____________________________ 提交申请
17 _____________________________ 为难民提供食物和住所
18 _____________________________命中注定要做某事
19. _____________________________出任法官
20 _____________________________（体育赛场）替补区 ；（法律）法官席
21. _____________________________ 令人尴尬的表演
拓展练习阅读理解
Falcons are powerful birds that may be trained to hunt in cooperation with humans. The art of training falcons as “hunting dogs of the skies” is called falconry (训鹰术). It was developed in the ancient Arabian Desert around 4000 B.C. In the past, falconry mainly involved hunting with falcons to supplement one’s diet. But now, it has become the favorite sport and pastime in the Arabian Peninsula.
Falconry includes three major processes: acquiring the falcons, training them, and hunting with them. Every year, falconers begin capturing wild falcons in June and July, the migration season. The best birds to catch are the ones with naturally nurtured hunting skills, aged one or two years. Once the falcons are captured, their heads are immediately covered with a leather hood. This is essential because they imprint as their master whomever they see first after the hood is removed. Right after a bird is caught, the training process starts. It begins by depriving (剥夺) the bird of food to make it easier to tame. The birds are taught to know their own name and respond to their master when called. Arab falconers live with their birds day and night in order to build a strong relationship with them.
By the end of October or mid-November, the trained falcons are ready to hunt in the desert. They have excellent vision, 2. 6 times greater than that of a human. They are also the fastest divers on the planet. One hunting technique that sets them apart from other animals is that they can be trained to deliver their prey, without killing it first. This is vital in Islamic culture because animals used for food must still be alive to ensure that the meat is halal, that is, properly prepared according to Islamic law.
Falcons have played such a crucial role in traditional Islamic cultures that a number of countries in the Middle East have made them their national bird. Falconry has grown so popular that specialist hospitals have been established to take care of these magnificent birds. Falcons are even issued their own passports. They are the only animals in the United Arab Emirates that are legally allowed to travel inside planes, enjoying a level of luxury that some humans can only dream of.
19.What is the main reason for Arabic people to hunt with falcons today
A.To serve as entertainment and exercise.
B.To supplement their diet.
C.To replace the practice of hunting with dogs.
D.To honor their national bird.
20.What can we learn from the passage
A.Falconers don’t give food to falcons in order to capture them.
B.Falcons are not allowed to see their masters during the training process.
C.Wild falcons with natural hunting skills are ideal for falconers to catch.
D.The trainers’ names are written on the hoods covering the birds’ heads.
21.What especially makes falcons a unique species for hunting in Islamic culture
A.Falcons keep their prey alive before delivering it to falconers.
B.Falcons can form a strong bond with their owners quickly.
C.Falcons’ vision is particularly suitable for hunting in deserts.
D.Falcons are relatively easy to train for specific hunting.
22.According to the article, what privilege do falcons enjoy in the Arab world
A.Free air ticket. B.Passports issued by the King.
C.Expensive meals. D.Access to specialized medical care.
外刊精选答案
【词汇过关】
请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。
1.ballot英 [ b l t] 美 [ b l t] n. 选票
2.descent英 [d sent] 美 [d sent] n. 血缘背景，家族出身，族裔
3.character英 [ k r kt ] 美 [ ker kt r] n. 人物，性格；（本文）字，字符
4.leniency英 [ li ni nsi] 美 [ li ni nsi] n. 宽大，仁慈，温和
5.lenient adj. 包容的，温和的
6.harsh adj. 严厉的
7.adopted adj. 被收养的，非亲生的
8.frustrate英 [fr s tre t] 美 [ fr stre t] v. 使沮丧，使懊恼
9.overboard adv. 从船舷翻下掉落水中
10.flattering英 [ fl t r ] 美 [ fl t r ] adj. 吹捧的，夸耀的
11.flowery英 [ fla ri] 美 [ fla ri] adj. 华而不实的，花里胡哨的
12.appropriate v. 挪用，占用，侵吞
13.submit英 [s b m t] 美 [s b m t] v. 提交
14.furnish英 [ f n ] 美 [ f r n ] v. 给房间配置家具；（本文）提供
15.transliterate英 [tr nz l tre t] 美 [tr ns l t re t] v. 音译
16.approximate英 [ pr ks me t] 美 [ prɑ ks me t] v. 接近
17.run英 [r n] 美 [r n] v. 参与竞选
18.switch英 [sw t ] 美 [sw t ] n. 彻底改变，调换
19.universally英 [ ju n v sli] 美 [ ju n v r sli] adv. 普遍地
20.moniker英 [ m n k r] 美 [ mɑ n k r] n. 名字，绰号，昵称
21.cringe-worthy英 [ kr nd w i] 美 [ kr nd w r i] adj. 让人尴尬的
22.cringe v. 退缩，尴尬
23.toe-curling adj. 令人脚趾踡缩的，极度尴尬的
【词块学习】
请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。
1.Your Honor法官大人
2.Your/His/Her Majesty 陛下（称呼女王或国王）
3.Your/His/Her Highness 殿下（称呼王室成员）
4.His Lordship/Her Ladyship 老爷、夫人的尊称
5.... be of African/French descent 某人是非裔/法国裔
6.second name姓；（本文）第二个名字
7.lenient laws 宽松的法律
8.show somebody leniency对某人态度宽厚
9.adopted names新名，别名
10.go overboard做某事太过激、过了头
11.a flattering camera angle 上镜的拍照角度
12.a flattering color 很衬肤色的颜色
13.flowery speeches 华丽空洞的演讲
14.at first glance乍一看
15.cultural appropriation文化挪用
16.submit our applications 提交申请
17.furnished food and shelter for the refugees 为难民提供食物和住所
18.be destined to do something命中注定要做某事
19.sit on the bench出任法官
20.the bench （体育赛场）替补区 ；（法律）法官席
21.a cringe-worthy performance 令人尴尬的表演
【全文翻译】
不，法官大人，您不能在选票上用中文自称“高义”
在旧金山，超过五分之一的居民是华裔，政界人士向来会给自己另外取一个中文名字。
但该市对别名的宽容让一些华裔美籍候选人感到不满，他们称非华裔竞争对手在取名时，过分使用美化和花哨的字眼，而这些名字乍一看与他们的实际本名几乎毫无关系。批评者说，一些候选人从中获取竞争优势，或者是在借机搞“文化挪用”。
今后不会这样了。旧金山首次拒绝了22名候选人提交的中文名，大多数情况是因为他们无法证明自己对该名字的使用至少已有两年。该市已要求译员提供更接近英语发音的音译名。
这意味着正在竞选连任地方法官的迈克尔·伊萨库·贝格尔特（Michael Isaku Begert）不能再使用“米高義”——该名字含有“高”和“正义”的意思，暗示了他注定要坐上法官宝座。
并非所有人都欢迎这一改变。这个转变有可能导致名字太长，难以记住，甚至令人尴尬，因为音译名的汉字可能会在中文里构成奇怪的意思。
在旧金山里士满区（Richmond District）的一个娱乐中心，一些选民说，比起候选人的名字，还是他们的所作所为更能影响自己的选择。
“如果你关心我们，我们就会知道你的名字，”88岁的乐洪（Hong Le，音译）用粤语说道。
拓展练习阅读理解参考答案
19.A 20.C 21.A 22.D
班级：____________学号：____________姓名：____________
外刊精选｜用中文名赢得选举？旧金山对候选人“编造”中文名说不
据报道，随着地方选举的临近，美国旧金山市正在限制非华裔候选人将自行编造的中文名字印在选票上的做法。旧金山的华裔人口比例超过20%，包括非华裔在内的公职参选人常常会取华丽的中文名，以求让华裔选民对自己留下深刻印象。批评人士称，这是一种“文化挪用”现象。这种竞选策略是如何影响选举的？如何看待这一文化现象？
No, Your Honor, You Can't Call Yourself 'High Justice' on the Ballot in Chinese
By Heather Knight and Amy Qin
In San Francisco, where more than a fifth of residents are of Chinese descent, politicians have long taken a second name in Chinese characters.
But the city's leniency for adopted names has frustrated some Chinese American candidates, who say that non-Chinese rivals have gone overboard by using flattering, flowery phrases that at first glance have little to do with their actual names. Some candidates have gained an advantage or engaged in cultural appropriation, the critics say.
No more. For the first time, San Francisco has rejected Chinese names submitted by 22 candidates, in most cases because they could not prove they had used the names for at least two years. The city has asked translators to furnish names that are transliterated, a process that more closely approximates English pronunciations.
That means Michael Isaku Begert, who is running to keep his local judgeship, cannot use 米高義, which means in part "high" and "justice," a name that suggests he was destined to sit on the bench.
The switch isn't universally popular. It has the potential of resulting in long monikers that are difficult to remember or even cringe-worthy, since the characters that sound like someone's name may translate into odd phrases in Chinese.
At a recreation center in San Francisco's Richmond District, some voters said that a candidate's name has less impact on whom they choose than what one has done.
"If you care, we'll know your name," Hong Le, 88, said in Cantonese.
【词汇过关】
请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。
1.ballot英 [ b l t] 美 [ b l t] n. _____________________________
2.descent英 [d sent] 美 [d sent] n. _____________________________
3.character英 [ k r kt ] 美 [ ker kt r] n. _____________________________
4.leniency英 [ li ni nsi] 美 [ li ni nsi] n. _____________________________
5.lenient adj. _____________________________
6.harsh adj. _____________________________
7.adopted adj. _____________________________
8.frustrate英 [fr s tre t] 美 [ fr stre t] v. _____________________________
9.overboard adv. _____________________________
10.flattering英 [ fl t r ] 美 [ fl t r ] adj. _____________________________
11.flowery英 [ fla ri] 美 [ fla ri] adj. _____________________________
12.appropriate v. _____________________________
13.submit英 [s b m t] 美 [s b m t] v. _____________________________
14.furnish英 [ f n ] 美 [ f r n ] v. _____________________________
15.transliterate英 [tr nz l tre t] 美 [tr ns l t re t] v. _____________________________
16.approximate英 [ pr ks me t] 美 [ prɑ ks me t] v. _____________________________
17.run英 [r n] 美 [r n] v. _____________________________
18.switch英 [sw t ] 美 [sw t ] n. _____________________________
19.universally英 [ ju n v sli] 美 [ ju n v r sli] adv. _____________________________
20.moniker英 [ m n k r] 美 [ mɑ n k r] n. _____________________________
21.cringe-worthy英 [ kr nd w i] 美 [ kr nd w r i] adj. _________________________
22.cringe v. _____________________________
23.toe-curling adj. _____________________________
【词块学习】
请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。
1. _____________________________法官大人
2. _____________________________ 陛下（称呼女王或国王）
3. _____________________________殿下（称呼王室成员）
4. _____________________________ 老爷、夫人的尊称
5. _____________________________ 某人是非裔/法国裔
6. _____________________________姓；（本文）第二个名字
7. _____________________________ 宽松的法律
8 _____________________________对某人态度宽厚
9. _____________________________新名，别名
10. _____________________________做某事太过激、过了头
11 _____________________________ 上镜的拍照角度
12. _____________________________很衬肤色的颜色
13. _____________________________ 华丽空洞的演讲
14 _____________________________乍一看
15 _____________________________文化挪用
16 _____________________________ 提交申请
17 _____________________________ 为难民提供食物和住所
18 _____________________________命中注定要做某事
19. _____________________________出任法官
20 _____________________________（体育赛场）替补区 ；（法律）法官席
21. _____________________________ 令人尴尬的表演
拓展练习阅读理解
Falcons are powerful birds that may be trained to hunt in cooperation with humans. The art of training falcons as “hunting dogs of the skies” is called falconry (训鹰术). It was developed in the ancient Arabian Desert around 4000 B.C. In the past, falconry mainly involved hunting with falcons to supplement one’s diet. But now, it has become the favorite sport and pastime in the Arabian Peninsula.
Falconry includes three major processes: acquiring the falcons, training them, and hunting with them. Every year, falconers begin capturing wild falcons in June and July, the migration season. The best birds to catch are the ones with naturally nurtured hunting skills, aged one or two years. Once the falcons are captured, their heads are immediately covered with a leather hood. This is essential because they imprint as their master whomever they see first after the hood is removed. Right after a bird is caught, the training process starts. It begins by depriving (剥夺) the bird of food to make it easier to tame. The birds are taught to know their own name and respond to their master when called. Arab falconers live with their birds day and night in order to build a strong relationship with them.
By the end of October or mid-November, the trained falcons are ready to hunt in the desert. They have excellent vision, 2. 6 times greater than that of a human. They are also the fastest divers on the planet. One hunting technique that sets them apart from other animals is that they can be trained to deliver their prey, without killing it first. This is vital in Islamic culture because animals used for food must still be alive to ensure that the meat is halal, that is, properly prepared according to Islamic law.
Falcons have played such a crucial role in traditional Islamic cultures that a number of countries in the Middle East have made them their national bird. Falconry has grown so popular that specialist hospitals have been established to take care of these magnificent birds. Falcons are even issued their own passports. They are the only animals in the United Arab Emirates that are legally allowed to travel inside planes, enjoying a level of luxury that some humans can only dream of.
19.What is the main reason for Arabic people to hunt with falcons today
A.To serve as entertainment and exercise.
B.To supplement their diet.
C.To replace the practice of hunting with dogs.
D.To honor their national bird.
20.What can we learn from the passage
A.Falconers don’t give food to falcons in order to capture them.
B.Falcons are not allowed to see their masters during the training process.
C.Wild falcons with natural hunting skills are ideal for falconers to catch.
D.The trainers’ names are written on the hoods covering the birds’ heads.
21.What especially makes falcons a unique species for hunting in Islamic culture
A.Falcons keep their prey alive before delivering it to falconers.
B.Falcons can form a strong bond with their owners quickly.
C.Falcons’ vision is particularly suitable for hunting in deserts.
D.Falcons are relatively easy to train for specific hunting.
22.According to the article, what privilege do falcons enjoy in the Arab world
A.Free air ticket. B.Passports issued by the King.
C.Expensive meals. D.Access to specialized medical care.
外刊精选答案
【词汇过关】
请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。
1.ballot英 [ b l t] 美 [ b l t] n. 选票
2.descent英 [d sent] 美 [d sent] n. 血缘背景，家族出身，族裔
3.character英 [ k r kt ] 美 [ ker kt r] n. 人物，性格；（本文）字，字符
4.leniency英 [ li ni nsi] 美 [ li ni nsi] n. 宽大，仁慈，温和
5.lenient adj. 包容的，温和的
6.harsh adj. 严厉的
7.adopted adj. 被收养的，非亲生的
8.frustrate英 [fr s tre t] 美 [ fr stre t] v. 使沮丧，使懊恼
9.overboard adv. 从船舷翻下掉落水中
10.flattering英 [ fl t r ] 美 [ fl t r ] adj. 吹捧的，夸耀的
11.flowery英 [ fla ri] 美 [ fla ri] adj. 华而不实的，花里胡哨的
12.appropriate v. 挪用，占用，侵吞
13.submit英 [s b m t] 美 [s b m t] v. 提交
14.furnish英 [ f n ] 美 [ f r n ] v. 给房间配置家具；（本文）提供
15.transliterate英 [tr nz l tre t] 美 [tr ns l t re t] v. 音译
16.approximate英 [ pr ks me t] 美 [ prɑ ks me t] v. 接近
17.run英 [r n] 美 [r n] v. 参与竞选
18.switch英 [sw t ] 美 [sw t ] n. 彻底改变，调换
19.universally英 [ ju n v sli] 美 [ ju n v r sli] adv. 普遍地
20.moniker英 [ m n k r] 美 [ mɑ n k r] n. 名字，绰号，昵称
21.cringe-worthy英 [ kr nd w i] 美 [ kr nd w r i] adj. 让人尴尬的
22.cringe v. 退缩，尴尬
23.toe-curling adj. 令人脚趾踡缩的，极度尴尬的
【词块学习】
请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。
1.Your Honor法官大人
2.Your/His/Her Majesty 陛下（称呼女王或国王）
3.Your/His/Her Highness 殿下（称呼王室成员）
4.His Lordship/Her Ladyship 老爷、夫人的尊称
5.... be of African/French descent 某人是非裔/法国裔
6.second name姓；（本文）第二个名字
7.lenient laws 宽松的法律
8.show somebody leniency对某人态度宽厚
9.adopted names新名，别名
10.go overboard做某事太过激、过了头
11.a flattering camera angle 上镜的拍照角度
12.a flattering color 很衬肤色的颜色
13.flowery speeches 华丽空洞的演讲
14.at first glance乍一看
15.cultural appropriation文化挪用
16.submit our applications 提交申请
17.furnished food and shelter for the refugees 为难民提供食物和住所
18.be destined to do something命中注定要做某事
19.sit on the bench出任法官
20.the bench （体育赛场）替补区 ；（法律）法官席
21.a cringe-worthy performance 令人尴尬的表演
【全文翻译】
不，法官大人，您不能在选票上用中文自称“高义”
在旧金山，超过五分之一的居民是华裔，政界人士向来会给自己另外取一个中文名字。
但该市对别名的宽容让一些华裔美籍候选人感到不满，他们称非华裔竞争对手在取名时，过分使用美化和花哨的字眼，而这些名字乍一看与他们的实际本名几乎毫无关系。批评者说，一些候选人从中获取竞争优势，或者是在借机搞“文化挪用”。
今后不会这样了。旧金山首次拒绝了22名候选人提交的中文名，大多数情况是因为他们无法证明自己对该名字的使用至少已有两年。该市已要求译员提供更接近英语发音的音译名。
这意味着正在竞选连任地方法官的迈克尔·伊萨库·贝格尔特（Michael Isaku Begert）不能再使用“米高義”——该名字含有“高”和“正义”的意思，暗示了他注定要坐上法官宝座。
并非所有人都欢迎这一改变。这个转变有可能导致名字太长，难以记住，甚至令人尴尬，因为音译名的汉字可能会在中文里构成奇怪的意思。
在旧金山里士满区（Richmond District）的一个娱乐中心，一些选民说，比起候选人的名字，还是他们的所作所为更能影响自己的选择。
“如果你关心我们，我们就会知道你的名字，”88岁的乐洪（Hong Le，音译）用粤语说道。
拓展练习阅读理解参考答案
19.A 20.C 21.A 22.D