2024届高三下学期英语培优外刊阅读学案 校园霸凌话题
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| 名称 | 2024届高三下学期英语培优外刊阅读学案 校园霸凌话题 |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-05-19 17:33:36 | ||
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高三英语培优外刊阅读
班级：____________学号：____________姓名：____________
外刊精选｜让人痛心的校园霸凌：是什么在催生孩子的“恶行”？
本月中旬，河北邯郸“3名初中生霸凌同学并将其杀害”的新闻引起了广泛社会讨论。近年来，未成年人故意伤害事件频频登上热搜。校园欺凌绝非孩子之间的“玩笑打闹”，而是在年龄、力量或人数上占优势的一方蓄意伤害他人的恶意行为。被霸凌的经历也往往会成为孩子一生的梦魇。天真无邪的青少年为何会成为残忍的施暴者？我们又该如何防止校园霸凌的发生？
Why children become bullies at school
By Kelly Oakes
Children, for all their innocence and inexperience of the world, can be some of the most vicious bullies. Their actions, perhaps less hindered by the social norms we learn in later life, can be merciless, violent and shocking. And they can have life-long implications for the victims.
The definition of bullying that academic researchers have adopted states that it's a form of aggression between individuals or groups that have different levels of power.
Researchers' picture of the typical school bully has become more nuanced in recent years. Another more Machiavellian kind of bullying has come to be recognised. Children who fall into this category tend to have better social skills, are often charismatic and liked by teachers.
"Socially dominant bullies want to be the leader of the crowd," says Dorothy Espelage, a professor of education at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, "And the way that they do that is to push kids down the hierarchy."
Espelage agrees that strong relationships between teachers and among peers are key. "What we know from our research is those schools where they pay attention to the issues of connectedness, making sure every kid feels like they belong in that school, there's less bullying," she says.
【词汇过关】
请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。
1.innocence英 [ n s ns] 美 [ n s ns] n. _____________________________
2.inexperience英 [ n k sp ri ns] 美 [ n k sp ri ns] n. _____________________________
3.vicious英 [ v s] 美 [ v s] adj._____________________________
4.bully英 [ b li] 美 [ b li] v. _____________；（本文）n. ____________
5.hinder英 [ h nd ] 美 [ h nd r] v. _____________________________
6.norms n. [pl.] _____________________________
7.merciless英 [ m s l s] 美 [ m r s l s] adj. _____________________________
8.mercy n. _____________________________
9.implication英 [ mpl ke n] 美 [ mpl ke n] n. _____________________________
10.adopt英 [ d pt] 美 [ dɑ pt] v._____________________________
11.state英 [ste t] 美 [ste t] v. _____________________________
12.aggression英 [ ɡre n] 美 [ ɡre n] n._____________________________
13.picture英 [ p kt ] 美 [ p kt r] n._____________________________
14.nuanced英 [ nju ɑ nst] 美 [ nu ɑ nst] adj. _____________________________
15.Machiavellian英 [ m ki veli n] 美 [ m ki veli n] adj. ______________
16.recognise英 [ rek ɡna z] 美 [ rek ɡna z] v. _____________________________
17.category英 [ k t ɡri] 美 [ k t ɡri] n. _____________________________
18.charismatic英 [ k r z m t k] 美 [ ker z m t k] adj. _____________________________
19.socially英 [ s li] 美 [ so li] adv._____________________________
20.dominant英 [ d m n nt] 美 [ dɑ m n nt] adj. _____________________________
21.hierarchy英 [ ha rɑ ki] 美 [ ha rɑ rki] n. _____________________________
22.connectedness英 [k nekt dn s] 美 [k nekt dn s] n. _____________________________
23.belong英 [b l ] 美 [b lɑ ] v. _____________________________
24.charisma n. _____________________________
【词块学习】
请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。
1._____________________________尽管（despite）
2._____________________________ 童真
3._____________________________ 涉世未深
4._____________________________ 凶残的暴徒
5._____________________________ 一条恶狗
6._____________________________社会准则
7._____________________________ 对......产生潜在影响
8._____________________________ 政府明确阐述了某方面的政策
9._____________________________熟练又细致的表演
10_____________________________发展到某个特定状态
11._____________________________ 属于某个类别
12._____________________________ 会议的主要议题
13._____________________________严格的社会等级制度
14._____________________________把注意力集中在某个事物上
拓展练习阅读理解
At 102 years old, toy inventor Eddy Goldfarb is still going like freshly wound Yakity-Yak Talking Teeth, one of his more than 800 creations. Goldfarb also dreamed up the Bubble Gun, battery-powered Stomper vehicles and KerPlunk, in which hopeful players hold their breath as they strategically remove sticks without disturbing the marbles above.
“Being active and being creative is my secret, and I think it could apply to a lot of people,” the Toy Industry Hall of Fame inductee (新成员) says in an interview before singing the praises of his pair of 3D printers. “That’s the most wonderful machine because you start with nothing, and it goes layer by layer and builds something.”
The Chicago native still creates in his workshop and is the focus of Eddy’s World, a documentary that aired on TV. The 28-minute film is directed by his daughter, Lyn Goldfarb.
Goldfarb knew he was going to be a creator at 5 when his father invited an inventor to dinner. “That’s when I learned the meaning of the word,” he says, “and I knew from then on that I was going to be an inventor.” The designer couldn’t afford college and joined the Navy during World War II. He thought of the ideas for his first three toys while serving on the USS Batfish.
Goldfarb feels “very lucky” to still be alive at his age. He owes his longevity (长寿) to being creative and his optimistic personality. “During the war, I was on the submarine (潜艇) and saw a lot of action, and I think I realized what’s important and what’s not,” he says. “I found out that most things aren’t that important. I can overlook a lot.”
What’s next for the centenarian (百岁老人) He’d fancy another milestone birthday. “Oh, I’d like to turn 105,” he says. “I’m fortunate that I’m healthy. I don’t have any of the aches and pains that I heard about all my life. So life is worth living. At 105, we’ll start thinking about what we should do.”
8.What does the first paragraph tell us about Goldfarb
A.He is a highly respected toy inventor.
B.He is one of the oldest toy inventors.
C.He has invented less than 800 toys.
D.He is still active in toy invention.
9.What can we know about Eddy Goldfarb from the text
A.He directed a short film.
B.He once dropped out of college.
C.He was not famous until he was 102.
D.He became the focus of a documentary.
10.When did Goldfarb get the idea of his first three toys
A.At the age of five. B.While serving in the Navy.
C.When dining with an inventor. D.During his stay with his daughter.
11.Which of the following can best describe Eddy Goldfarb
A.Lucky and wealthy. B.Greative and positive.
C.Determined and generous. D.Ambitious and hardworking.
外刊精选答案
【词汇过关】
请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。
1.innocence英 [ n s ns] 美 [ n s ns] n. 单纯，天真
2.inexperience英 [ n k sp ri ns] 美 [ n k sp ri ns] n. 缺乏经验
3.vicious英 [ v s] 美 [ v s] adj. 恶毒的，凶暴的
4.bully英 [ b li] 美 [ b li] v. 欺负，欺凌；（本文）n. 以大欺小，恃强凌弱的人
5.hinder英 [ h nd ] 美 [ h nd r] v. 阻碍，妨碍
6.norms n. [pl.] 行为准则，规范
7.merciless英 [ m s l s] 美 [ m r s l s] adj. 冷酷无情的
8.mercy n. 仁慈，怜悯
9.implication英 [ mpl ke n] 美 [ mpl ke n] n. 未来可能产生的影响
10.adopt英 [ d pt] 美 [ dɑ pt] v. 采用，采纳
11.state英 [ste t] 美 [ste t] v. 说明，表明
12.aggression英 [ ɡre n] 美 [ ɡre n] n. 攻击，侵犯
13.picture英 [ p kt ] 美 [ p kt r] n. 图画；（本文）描绘，描述
14.nuanced英 [ nju ɑ nst] 美 [ nu ɑ nst] adj. 细致入微的
15.Machiavellian英 [ m ki veli n] 美 [ m ki veli n] adj. 马基雅维利式的
16.recognise英 [ rek ɡna z] 美 [ rek ɡna z] v. 识别，认出
17.category英 [ k t ɡri] 美 [ k t ɡri] n. 种类，类别
18.charismatic英 [ k r z m t k] 美 [ ker z m t k] adj. 充满个人魅力的
19.socially英 [ s li] 美 [ so li] adv. 跟社交活动有关
20.dominant英 [ d m n nt] 美 [ dɑ m n nt] adj. 主导的，主要的
21.hierarchy英 [ ha rɑ ki] 美 [ ha rɑ rki] n. 等级制度
22.connectedness英 [k nekt dn s] 美 [k nekt dn s] n. 紧密联结的状态
23.belong英 [b l ] 美 [b lɑ ] v. 属于
24.charisma n. 魅力
【词块学习】
请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。
1.for all尽管（despite）
2.the innocence of childhood 童真
3.inexperience of the world 涉世未深
4.a vicious thug 凶残的暴徒
5.a vicious dog 一条恶狗
6.social norms社会准则
7.have implications for 对......产生潜在影响
8.the government clearly states its policy on something 政府明确阐述了某方面的政策
9.a skillful and nuanced performance 熟练又细致的表演
e to发展到某个特定状态
11.fall into a category/belong to a category 属于某个类别
12.the dominant topic of the meeting 会议的主要议题
13.a rigid social hierarchy 严格的社会等级制度
14.pay attention to something把注意力集中在某个事物上
【全文翻译】
孩子为什么会在学校成为霸凌者
尽管孩子们天真无邪、缺乏对世界的经验，但他们却能成为最恶毒的霸凌者。也许由于社会规范的约束还尚未养成，他们的所作所为可以无情、残暴、令人震惊，也会对受害者产生终生的影响。
以学术研究人员所采用的定义来看，霸凌是一种侵犯，出现于身处不同权力等级的个人或者团体之间。
近年来，研究人员对典型的“校园恶霸”有了更为细致的认知，也识别出了一种更为老谋深算的欺凌方式。这类孩子往往具备更好的社交技能，他们往往充满魅力，并受到老师的喜爱。
北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校的教育学教授多萝西·埃斯普拉奇（Dorothy Espelage）说：“社交主导型的霸凌者想要成为群体的领袖，他们实现这个目的的方式，就是在社交层级上把其他孩子往下推。”
埃斯普拉奇教授认为，老师之间以及同学之间的紧密关系至关重要。她说：“我们从研究中了解到，在那些重视情感联结、确保每个孩子都能获得归属感的学校里，霸凌是更少见的。”
拓展练习阅读理解参考答案
8.D 9.D 10.B 11.B
班级：____________学号：____________姓名：____________
外刊精选｜让人痛心的校园霸凌：是什么在催生孩子的“恶行”？
本月中旬，河北邯郸“3名初中生霸凌同学并将其杀害”的新闻引起了广泛社会讨论。近年来，未成年人故意伤害事件频频登上热搜。校园欺凌绝非孩子之间的“玩笑打闹”，而是在年龄、力量或人数上占优势的一方蓄意伤害他人的恶意行为。被霸凌的经历也往往会成为孩子一生的梦魇。天真无邪的青少年为何会成为残忍的施暴者？我们又该如何防止校园霸凌的发生？
Why children become bullies at school
By Kelly Oakes
Children, for all their innocence and inexperience of the world, can be some of the most vicious bullies. Their actions, perhaps less hindered by the social norms we learn in later life, can be merciless, violent and shocking. And they can have life-long implications for the victims.
The definition of bullying that academic researchers have adopted states that it's a form of aggression between individuals or groups that have different levels of power.
Researchers' picture of the typical school bully has become more nuanced in recent years. Another more Machiavellian kind of bullying has come to be recognised. Children who fall into this category tend to have better social skills, are often charismatic and liked by teachers.
"Socially dominant bullies want to be the leader of the crowd," says Dorothy Espelage, a professor of education at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, "And the way that they do that is to push kids down the hierarchy."
Espelage agrees that strong relationships between teachers and among peers are key. "What we know from our research is those schools where they pay attention to the issues of connectedness, making sure every kid feels like they belong in that school, there's less bullying," she says.
【词汇过关】
请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。
1.innocence英 [ n s ns] 美 [ n s ns] n. _____________________________
2.inexperience英 [ n k sp ri ns] 美 [ n k sp ri ns] n. _____________________________
3.vicious英 [ v s] 美 [ v s] adj._____________________________
4.bully英 [ b li] 美 [ b li] v. _____________；（本文）n. ____________
5.hinder英 [ h nd ] 美 [ h nd r] v. _____________________________
6.norms n. [pl.] _____________________________
7.merciless英 [ m s l s] 美 [ m r s l s] adj. _____________________________
8.mercy n. _____________________________
9.implication英 [ mpl ke n] 美 [ mpl ke n] n. _____________________________
10.adopt英 [ d pt] 美 [ dɑ pt] v._____________________________
11.state英 [ste t] 美 [ste t] v. _____________________________
12.aggression英 [ ɡre n] 美 [ ɡre n] n._____________________________
13.picture英 [ p kt ] 美 [ p kt r] n._____________________________
14.nuanced英 [ nju ɑ nst] 美 [ nu ɑ nst] adj. _____________________________
15.Machiavellian英 [ m ki veli n] 美 [ m ki veli n] adj. ______________
16.recognise英 [ rek ɡna z] 美 [ rek ɡna z] v. _____________________________
17.category英 [ k t ɡri] 美 [ k t ɡri] n. _____________________________
18.charismatic英 [ k r z m t k] 美 [ ker z m t k] adj. _____________________________
19.socially英 [ s li] 美 [ so li] adv._____________________________
20.dominant英 [ d m n nt] 美 [ dɑ m n nt] adj. _____________________________
21.hierarchy英 [ ha rɑ ki] 美 [ ha rɑ rki] n. _____________________________
22.connectedness英 [k nekt dn s] 美 [k nekt dn s] n. _____________________________
23.belong英 [b l ] 美 [b lɑ ] v. _____________________________
24.charisma n. _____________________________
【词块学习】
请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。
1._____________________________尽管（despite）
2._____________________________ 童真
3._____________________________ 涉世未深
4._____________________________ 凶残的暴徒
5._____________________________ 一条恶狗
6._____________________________社会准则
7._____________________________ 对......产生潜在影响
8._____________________________ 政府明确阐述了某方面的政策
9._____________________________熟练又细致的表演
10_____________________________发展到某个特定状态
11._____________________________ 属于某个类别
12._____________________________ 会议的主要议题
13._____________________________严格的社会等级制度
14._____________________________把注意力集中在某个事物上
拓展练习阅读理解
At 102 years old, toy inventor Eddy Goldfarb is still going like freshly wound Yakity-Yak Talking Teeth, one of his more than 800 creations. Goldfarb also dreamed up the Bubble Gun, battery-powered Stomper vehicles and KerPlunk, in which hopeful players hold their breath as they strategically remove sticks without disturbing the marbles above.
“Being active and being creative is my secret, and I think it could apply to a lot of people,” the Toy Industry Hall of Fame inductee (新成员) says in an interview before singing the praises of his pair of 3D printers. “That’s the most wonderful machine because you start with nothing, and it goes layer by layer and builds something.”
The Chicago native still creates in his workshop and is the focus of Eddy’s World, a documentary that aired on TV. The 28-minute film is directed by his daughter, Lyn Goldfarb.
Goldfarb knew he was going to be a creator at 5 when his father invited an inventor to dinner. “That’s when I learned the meaning of the word,” he says, “and I knew from then on that I was going to be an inventor.” The designer couldn’t afford college and joined the Navy during World War II. He thought of the ideas for his first three toys while serving on the USS Batfish.
Goldfarb feels “very lucky” to still be alive at his age. He owes his longevity (长寿) to being creative and his optimistic personality. “During the war, I was on the submarine (潜艇) and saw a lot of action, and I think I realized what’s important and what’s not,” he says. “I found out that most things aren’t that important. I can overlook a lot.”
What’s next for the centenarian (百岁老人) He’d fancy another milestone birthday. “Oh, I’d like to turn 105,” he says. “I’m fortunate that I’m healthy. I don’t have any of the aches and pains that I heard about all my life. So life is worth living. At 105, we’ll start thinking about what we should do.”
8.What does the first paragraph tell us about Goldfarb
A.He is a highly respected toy inventor.
B.He is one of the oldest toy inventors.
C.He has invented less than 800 toys.
D.He is still active in toy invention.
9.What can we know about Eddy Goldfarb from the text
A.He directed a short film.
B.He once dropped out of college.
C.He was not famous until he was 102.
D.He became the focus of a documentary.
10.When did Goldfarb get the idea of his first three toys
A.At the age of five. B.While serving in the Navy.
C.When dining with an inventor. D.During his stay with his daughter.
11.Which of the following can best describe Eddy Goldfarb
A.Lucky and wealthy. B.Greative and positive.
C.Determined and generous. D.Ambitious and hardworking.
外刊精选答案
【词汇过关】
请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。
1.innocence英 [ n s ns] 美 [ n s ns] n. 单纯，天真
2.inexperience英 [ n k sp ri ns] 美 [ n k sp ri ns] n. 缺乏经验
3.vicious英 [ v s] 美 [ v s] adj. 恶毒的，凶暴的
4.bully英 [ b li] 美 [ b li] v. 欺负，欺凌；（本文）n. 以大欺小，恃强凌弱的人
5.hinder英 [ h nd ] 美 [ h nd r] v. 阻碍，妨碍
6.norms n. [pl.] 行为准则，规范
7.merciless英 [ m s l s] 美 [ m r s l s] adj. 冷酷无情的
8.mercy n. 仁慈，怜悯
9.implication英 [ mpl ke n] 美 [ mpl ke n] n. 未来可能产生的影响
10.adopt英 [ d pt] 美 [ dɑ pt] v. 采用，采纳
11.state英 [ste t] 美 [ste t] v. 说明，表明
12.aggression英 [ ɡre n] 美 [ ɡre n] n. 攻击，侵犯
13.picture英 [ p kt ] 美 [ p kt r] n. 图画；（本文）描绘，描述
14.nuanced英 [ nju ɑ nst] 美 [ nu ɑ nst] adj. 细致入微的
15.Machiavellian英 [ m ki veli n] 美 [ m ki veli n] adj. 马基雅维利式的
16.recognise英 [ rek ɡna z] 美 [ rek ɡna z] v. 识别，认出
17.category英 [ k t ɡri] 美 [ k t ɡri] n. 种类，类别
18.charismatic英 [ k r z m t k] 美 [ ker z m t k] adj. 充满个人魅力的
19.socially英 [ s li] 美 [ so li] adv. 跟社交活动有关
20.dominant英 [ d m n nt] 美 [ dɑ m n nt] adj. 主导的，主要的
21.hierarchy英 [ ha rɑ ki] 美 [ ha rɑ rki] n. 等级制度
22.connectedness英 [k nekt dn s] 美 [k nekt dn s] n. 紧密联结的状态
23.belong英 [b l ] 美 [b lɑ ] v. 属于
24.charisma n. 魅力
【词块学习】
请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。
1.for all尽管（despite）
2.the innocence of childhood 童真
3.inexperience of the world 涉世未深
4.a vicious thug 凶残的暴徒
5.a vicious dog 一条恶狗
6.social norms社会准则
7.have implications for 对......产生潜在影响
8.the government clearly states its policy on something 政府明确阐述了某方面的政策
9.a skillful and nuanced performance 熟练又细致的表演
e to发展到某个特定状态
11.fall into a category/belong to a category 属于某个类别
12.the dominant topic of the meeting 会议的主要议题
13.a rigid social hierarchy 严格的社会等级制度
14.pay attention to something把注意力集中在某个事物上
【全文翻译】
孩子为什么会在学校成为霸凌者
尽管孩子们天真无邪、缺乏对世界的经验，但他们却能成为最恶毒的霸凌者。也许由于社会规范的约束还尚未养成，他们的所作所为可以无情、残暴、令人震惊，也会对受害者产生终生的影响。
以学术研究人员所采用的定义来看，霸凌是一种侵犯，出现于身处不同权力等级的个人或者团体之间。
近年来，研究人员对典型的“校园恶霸”有了更为细致的认知，也识别出了一种更为老谋深算的欺凌方式。这类孩子往往具备更好的社交技能，他们往往充满魅力，并受到老师的喜爱。
北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校的教育学教授多萝西·埃斯普拉奇（Dorothy Espelage）说：“社交主导型的霸凌者想要成为群体的领袖，他们实现这个目的的方式，就是在社交层级上把其他孩子往下推。”
埃斯普拉奇教授认为，老师之间以及同学之间的紧密关系至关重要。她说：“我们从研究中了解到，在那些重视情感联结、确保每个孩子都能获得归属感的学校里，霸凌是更少见的。”
拓展练习阅读理解参考答案
8.D 9.D 10.B 11.B