2024届高三下学期英语培优外刊阅读学案 气候话题
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| 名称 | 2024届高三下学期英语培优外刊阅读学案 气候话题 |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-05-19 17:34:25 | ||
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高三英语培优外刊阅读
班级：____________学号：____________姓名：____________
外刊精选｜天太热了心情不好？科学家说，这是“气候困扰”
世界气象组织等机构近日宣布，2023年7月成为人类有气象观测记录以来全球平均气温最高的月份。联合国秘书长古特雷斯警告说，地球已进入“沸腾时代”。热浪不仅会引发热射病、热中风等“高温病”，还会对人的精神健康产生影响。高温究竟如何影响着我们的情绪？为什么这是一个值得正视的问题？
Heat Singes the Mind, Not Just the Body
By Apoorva Mandavilli
If you find that the blistering, unrelenting heat is making you anxious and irritable, even depressed, it's not all in your head.
As heat waves become more intense, more frequent and longer, it has become increasingly important to address the impact on mental health, scientists say.
"It's really only been over the past five years that there's been a real recognition of the impact," said Dr. Joshua Wortzel, chair of the American Psychiatric Association's committee on climate change and mental health, which was set up just two years ago.
High temperatures are strongly associated with an increase in suicides, researchers have found. Heat has been linked to a rise in violent crime and aggression, emergency room visits and hospitalizations for mental disorders such as anxiety, schizophrenia and depression.
Some of these illnesses may have a simple origin: disrupted sleep.
Scientists have coined the term "climate distress" to describe a multitude of feelings triggered by the environmental changes appearing around us: anxiety, terror, sadness, shame, guilt.
"It is unfortunately true that this may be the coolest summer for the rest of our lives, which is unsettling to reckon with," said Britt Wray, the director of Stanford University's program on climate change and mental health.
【词汇过关】
请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。
1.singe英 [s nd ] 美 [s nd ] v._____________________________
2.blistering英 [ bl str ] 美 [ bl st r ] adj. _____________________________
3.unrelenting英 [ nr lent ] 美 [ nr lent ] adj. _____________________________
4.irritable英 [ r t bl] 美 [ r t bl] adj. _____________________________
5.irritate v. _____________________________
6.address英 [ dres] 美 [ dres] v. _____________________________
7.impact n. _____________________________
8.hospitalization英 [h sp t la ze n] 美 [ hɑ sp tl ze n] n._____________________________
【词块学习】
请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。
1._____________________________ 八月的一个大热天
2._____________________________ 激怒某人
3.____________________________变得越来越重要
4._____________________________ 解决问题
5._____________________________对某事的冲击、影响
6._____________________________某样东西，跟另一样东西有所关联
7._____________________________ 和某事有很强的关联
8._____________________________和某事的关联含含糊糊，若有若无
9._____________________________某类事件有所增加
10._____________________________犯罪量的增加
11._____________________________ 销售量的增加
12._____________________________ A和C、D的增加有关
13._____________________________暴力犯罪
14._____________________________看急诊
15._____________________________送某人入院就医
16._____________________________紊乱，混乱；疾病
17._____________________________血液病
18_____________________________ 闹肚子
19._____________________________进食障碍
20_____________________________被中断的、被扰乱的
21._____________________________创造（新词语）
22_____________________________大量的、各种各样的......
23._____________________________众多，大量
24_____________________________众多的可能性
25._____________________________激发，引发
26._____________________________对某人的余生而言
27._____________________________令人不安的
28._____________________________面对某事
拓展练习阅读理解
Though researchers have long known that adults build unconscious (无意识的) preferences over a lifetime of making choices between things that are essentially the same, the new finding that even babies engage in this phenomenon demonstrates that this way of justifying choice is intuitive (凭直觉的) and somehow fundamental to the human experience.
“The act of making a choice changes how we feel about our options,” said Alex Silver, a Johns Hopkins researcher. “Even infants who are really just at the start of making choices for themselves have this preference.”
The findings are published today in the journal Psychological Science. People assume they choose things that they like. But research suggests that’s sometimes backwards: we like things because we choose them. And, we dislike things that we don’t choose. “Adults make these inferences unconsciously,” said co-author Lisa Feigenson, a Johns Hopkins scientist in child development. “We justify our choice after the fact.”
This makes sense for adults in a consumer culture who must make random choices every day, between everything from toothpaste brands to styles of jeans. The question was when exactly people start doing this. So they turned to babies, who don’t get many choices so, as Feigenson puts it, are “a perfect window into the origin of this tendency.”
The team brought 10-to 20-month-old babies into the lab and gave them a choice of objects to play with; two equally bright and colorful soft blocks. They set them far apart, so the babies had to crawl to one or the other — a random choice. After the baby chose one of the toys, the researchers took it away and came back with a new option. The babies could then pick from the toy they didn’t play with the first time, or a brand new toy. Their choices showed they “dis-prefer the unchosen object.”
To continue studying the evolution of choice in babies, the lab will next look at the idea of “choice overload.” For adults, choice is good, but too many choices can be a problem, so the lab will try to determine if that is also true for babies.
1.What is people’s assumption about the act of making choices
A.They like what they choose.
B.They choose what they like.
C.They base choices on the fact.
D.They make choices thoughtfully.
2.Why were babies selected as subjects for the study
A.To help them make better choices.
B.To guide them to perceive the world.
C.To track the root of making random choices.
D.To deepen the understanding of a consumer culture.
3.What does the study on the babies show
A.They like novel objects.
B.Their choices are mostly based on colors.
C.Their random choices become preferences.
D.They are unable to make choices for themselves.
4.What will the following study focus on
A.The law of “choice overload”.
B.The problem of adults’ many choices.
C.Why too many choices can influence adults.
D.Whether babies are troubled with many choices.
外刊精选答案
【词汇过关】
请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。
1.singe英 [s nd ] 美 [s nd ] v. 烤糊，烧焦，烤焦
2.blistering英 [ bl str ] 美 [ bl st r ] adj. 酷热的
3.unrelenting英 [ nr lent ] 美 [ nr lent ] adj. （不愉快的事情）持续的，势头不减的
4.irritable英 [ r t bl] 美 [ r t bl] adj. 易怒的，暴躁的
5.irritate v. 激怒
6.address英 [ dres] 美 [ dres] v. 处理对付，设法解决
7.impact n. （直接、立竿见影的）影响
8.hospitalization英 [h sp t la ze n] 美 [ hɑ sp tl ze n] n. 住院治疗
【词块学习】
请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。
1.a blistering/baking August day 八月的一个大热天
2.to irritate somebody 激怒某人
3.become increasingly important变得越来越重要
4.address the problem/issues 解决问题
5.the impact on something对某事的冲击、影响
6.something is associated with something else某样东西，跟另一样东西有所关联
7.be strongly associated with something 和某事有很强的关联
8.be vaguely associated with something 和某事的关联含含糊糊，若有若无
9.an increase in something某类事件有所增加
10.an increase in crimes 犯罪量的增加
11.an increase in sales 销售量的增加
12.A is linked to a rise in C and D A和C、D的增加有关
13.violent crime暴力犯罪
14.emergency room visit看急诊
15.hospitalize somebody 送某人入院就医
16.disorder英 [d s d ] 美 [d s rd r] n. 紊乱，混乱；疾病
17.a blood disorder 血液病
18.a bowel disorder 闹肚子
19.eating disorder 进食障碍
20.(be) disrupted被中断的、被扰乱的
21.coin英 [k n] 美 [k n] v. 创造（新词语）
22.a multitude of something大量的、各种各样的......
23.multitude n. 众多，大量
24.a multitude of possibilities 众多的可能性
25.trigger英 [ tr ɡ ] 美 [ tr ɡ r] v. 激发，引发
26.for the rest of one's life对某人的余生而言
27.unsettling英 [ n setl ] 美 [ n setl ] adj. 令人不安的
28.to reckon with面对某事
【全文翻译】
高温不仅炙烤着身体，也炙烤着心灵
如果你感觉，这没完没了的酷暑正让你变得焦虑、易怒甚至抑郁，这并不是你的幻觉。
科学家们表示，随着热浪越来越强劲、频繁且持久，应对由此产生的精神健康问题，已经变得愈发重要。
“人们真正意识到这种影响，其实也就是过去五年的事。”约书亚·沃策尔（Joshua Wortzel）博士说。他是美国精神医学会“气候变化与心理健康”委员会主席，这个委员会也是两年前才成立的。
研究人员发现，高温与自杀人数的增加密切相关。高温还引发了更多暴力犯罪和攻击行为，也和因精神疾病导致的急诊就医和住院人数增加有关，此类疾病包括焦虑症、精神分裂症、抑郁症等。
部分精神疾病可能有一个简单的致病源头：被扰乱的睡眠。
科学家创造了“气候困扰”一词来描述我们周围出现的、由环境变化引发的多种感受，包括焦虑、恐惧、悲伤、羞耻、内疚。
“一个很不幸的事实是，这个夏天可能是我们余生中最凉快的一个夏天，面对这一事实令人不安。”斯坦福大学“气候变化与心理健康”项目负责人布利特·瑞（Britt Wray）说道。
拓展练习阅读理解参考答案
1.B 2.C 3.C 4.D
班级：____________学号：____________姓名：____________
外刊精选｜天太热了心情不好？科学家说，这是“气候困扰”
世界气象组织等机构近日宣布，2023年7月成为人类有气象观测记录以来全球平均气温最高的月份。联合国秘书长古特雷斯警告说，地球已进入“沸腾时代”。热浪不仅会引发热射病、热中风等“高温病”，还会对人的精神健康产生影响。高温究竟如何影响着我们的情绪？为什么这是一个值得正视的问题？
Heat Singes the Mind, Not Just the Body
By Apoorva Mandavilli
If you find that the blistering, unrelenting heat is making you anxious and irritable, even depressed, it's not all in your head.
As heat waves become more intense, more frequent and longer, it has become increasingly important to address the impact on mental health, scientists say.
"It's really only been over the past five years that there's been a real recognition of the impact," said Dr. Joshua Wortzel, chair of the American Psychiatric Association's committee on climate change and mental health, which was set up just two years ago.
High temperatures are strongly associated with an increase in suicides, researchers have found. Heat has been linked to a rise in violent crime and aggression, emergency room visits and hospitalizations for mental disorders such as anxiety, schizophrenia and depression.
Some of these illnesses may have a simple origin: disrupted sleep.
Scientists have coined the term "climate distress" to describe a multitude of feelings triggered by the environmental changes appearing around us: anxiety, terror, sadness, shame, guilt.
"It is unfortunately true that this may be the coolest summer for the rest of our lives, which is unsettling to reckon with," said Britt Wray, the director of Stanford University's program on climate change and mental health.
【词汇过关】
请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。
1.singe英 [s nd ] 美 [s nd ] v._____________________________
2.blistering英 [ bl str ] 美 [ bl st r ] adj. _____________________________
3.unrelenting英 [ nr lent ] 美 [ nr lent ] adj. _____________________________
4.irritable英 [ r t bl] 美 [ r t bl] adj. _____________________________
5.irritate v. _____________________________
6.address英 [ dres] 美 [ dres] v. _____________________________
7.impact n. _____________________________
8.hospitalization英 [h sp t la ze n] 美 [ hɑ sp tl ze n] n._____________________________
【词块学习】
请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。
1._____________________________ 八月的一个大热天
2._____________________________ 激怒某人
3.____________________________变得越来越重要
4._____________________________ 解决问题
5._____________________________对某事的冲击、影响
6._____________________________某样东西，跟另一样东西有所关联
7._____________________________ 和某事有很强的关联
8._____________________________和某事的关联含含糊糊，若有若无
9._____________________________某类事件有所增加
10._____________________________犯罪量的增加
11._____________________________ 销售量的增加
12._____________________________ A和C、D的增加有关
13._____________________________暴力犯罪
14._____________________________看急诊
15._____________________________送某人入院就医
16._____________________________紊乱，混乱；疾病
17._____________________________血液病
18_____________________________ 闹肚子
19._____________________________进食障碍
20_____________________________被中断的、被扰乱的
21._____________________________创造（新词语）
22_____________________________大量的、各种各样的......
23._____________________________众多，大量
24_____________________________众多的可能性
25._____________________________激发，引发
26._____________________________对某人的余生而言
27._____________________________令人不安的
28._____________________________面对某事
拓展练习阅读理解
Though researchers have long known that adults build unconscious (无意识的) preferences over a lifetime of making choices between things that are essentially the same, the new finding that even babies engage in this phenomenon demonstrates that this way of justifying choice is intuitive (凭直觉的) and somehow fundamental to the human experience.
“The act of making a choice changes how we feel about our options,” said Alex Silver, a Johns Hopkins researcher. “Even infants who are really just at the start of making choices for themselves have this preference.”
The findings are published today in the journal Psychological Science. People assume they choose things that they like. But research suggests that’s sometimes backwards: we like things because we choose them. And, we dislike things that we don’t choose. “Adults make these inferences unconsciously,” said co-author Lisa Feigenson, a Johns Hopkins scientist in child development. “We justify our choice after the fact.”
This makes sense for adults in a consumer culture who must make random choices every day, between everything from toothpaste brands to styles of jeans. The question was when exactly people start doing this. So they turned to babies, who don’t get many choices so, as Feigenson puts it, are “a perfect window into the origin of this tendency.”
The team brought 10-to 20-month-old babies into the lab and gave them a choice of objects to play with; two equally bright and colorful soft blocks. They set them far apart, so the babies had to crawl to one or the other — a random choice. After the baby chose one of the toys, the researchers took it away and came back with a new option. The babies could then pick from the toy they didn’t play with the first time, or a brand new toy. Their choices showed they “dis-prefer the unchosen object.”
To continue studying the evolution of choice in babies, the lab will next look at the idea of “choice overload.” For adults, choice is good, but too many choices can be a problem, so the lab will try to determine if that is also true for babies.
1.What is people’s assumption about the act of making choices
A.They like what they choose.
B.They choose what they like.
C.They base choices on the fact.
D.They make choices thoughtfully.
2.Why were babies selected as subjects for the study
A.To help them make better choices.
B.To guide them to perceive the world.
C.To track the root of making random choices.
D.To deepen the understanding of a consumer culture.
3.What does the study on the babies show
A.They like novel objects.
B.Their choices are mostly based on colors.
C.Their random choices become preferences.
D.They are unable to make choices for themselves.
4.What will the following study focus on
A.The law of “choice overload”.
B.The problem of adults’ many choices.
C.Why too many choices can influence adults.
D.Whether babies are troubled with many choices.
外刊精选答案
【词汇过关】
请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。
1.singe英 [s nd ] 美 [s nd ] v. 烤糊，烧焦，烤焦
2.blistering英 [ bl str ] 美 [ bl st r ] adj. 酷热的
3.unrelenting英 [ nr lent ] 美 [ nr lent ] adj. （不愉快的事情）持续的，势头不减的
4.irritable英 [ r t bl] 美 [ r t bl] adj. 易怒的，暴躁的
5.irritate v. 激怒
6.address英 [ dres] 美 [ dres] v. 处理对付，设法解决
7.impact n. （直接、立竿见影的）影响
8.hospitalization英 [h sp t la ze n] 美 [ hɑ sp tl ze n] n. 住院治疗
【词块学习】
请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。
1.a blistering/baking August day 八月的一个大热天
2.to irritate somebody 激怒某人
3.become increasingly important变得越来越重要
4.address the problem/issues 解决问题
5.the impact on something对某事的冲击、影响
6.something is associated with something else某样东西，跟另一样东西有所关联
7.be strongly associated with something 和某事有很强的关联
8.be vaguely associated with something 和某事的关联含含糊糊，若有若无
9.an increase in something某类事件有所增加
10.an increase in crimes 犯罪量的增加
11.an increase in sales 销售量的增加
12.A is linked to a rise in C and D A和C、D的增加有关
13.violent crime暴力犯罪
14.emergency room visit看急诊
15.hospitalize somebody 送某人入院就医
16.disorder英 [d s d ] 美 [d s rd r] n. 紊乱，混乱；疾病
17.a blood disorder 血液病
18.a bowel disorder 闹肚子
19.eating disorder 进食障碍
20.(be) disrupted被中断的、被扰乱的
21.coin英 [k n] 美 [k n] v. 创造（新词语）
22.a multitude of something大量的、各种各样的......
23.multitude n. 众多，大量
24.a multitude of possibilities 众多的可能性
25.trigger英 [ tr ɡ ] 美 [ tr ɡ r] v. 激发，引发
26.for the rest of one's life对某人的余生而言
27.unsettling英 [ n setl ] 美 [ n setl ] adj. 令人不安的
28.to reckon with面对某事
【全文翻译】
高温不仅炙烤着身体，也炙烤着心灵
如果你感觉，这没完没了的酷暑正让你变得焦虑、易怒甚至抑郁，这并不是你的幻觉。
科学家们表示，随着热浪越来越强劲、频繁且持久，应对由此产生的精神健康问题，已经变得愈发重要。
“人们真正意识到这种影响，其实也就是过去五年的事。”约书亚·沃策尔（Joshua Wortzel）博士说。他是美国精神医学会“气候变化与心理健康”委员会主席，这个委员会也是两年前才成立的。
研究人员发现，高温与自杀人数的增加密切相关。高温还引发了更多暴力犯罪和攻击行为，也和因精神疾病导致的急诊就医和住院人数增加有关，此类疾病包括焦虑症、精神分裂症、抑郁症等。
部分精神疾病可能有一个简单的致病源头：被扰乱的睡眠。
科学家创造了“气候困扰”一词来描述我们周围出现的、由环境变化引发的多种感受，包括焦虑、恐惧、悲伤、羞耻、内疚。
“一个很不幸的事实是，这个夏天可能是我们余生中最凉快的一个夏天，面对这一事实令人不安。”斯坦福大学“气候变化与心理健康”项目负责人布利特·瑞（Britt Wray）说道。
拓展练习阅读理解参考答案
1.B 2.C 3.C 4.D