2024届高三下学期二轮复习专项：定语从句 导学案（无答案）
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| 名称 | 2024届高三下学期二轮复习专项：定语从句 导学案（无答案） |  | |
| 格式 | docx | ||
| 文件大小 | 22.0KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-05-19 18:03:41 | ||
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文档简介
定语从句
定义：起定语作用，修饰某一名词或代词的从句，分为限制性和非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句
1. 关系代词
先行词 在定语从句中所做成分 关系代词
人 主语 that/who
人 宾语 that/who/whom/直接省略
物 主语 that/which
物 宾语 that/which/直接省略
物/人 定语 whose
注意：只用that的情况
①先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much等不定代词时，或被不定代词修饰时；
②先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时；
③先行词被the only, the very, the last等词修饰时；
④先行词即有人又有物时；
⑤主句中有疑问词which或who时。
The boy who broke the window is called Michael.
I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.
They talked about the persons and things that they remembered .
Which is the book that you bought last week
The old temple whose roof was damaged is now under repair.
2. 关系副词
先行词 所作成分 关系副词 Tips:当先行词是case, condition, situation, stage, position, point, degree, occasion等词，表示情况、方面、处境且从句中缺状语时,用关系副词where。
时间 时间状语 when
地点 地点状语 where
原因 原因状语 why
I still remember that day when I first came to Nanjing.
This is the house where I lived last year.
They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.
This is the reason why the boy was punished.
3. 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
基本构成：介词+whom（先行词是人）；介词+which（先行词是物）
The man to whom you spoke is a teacher.
The city in which she lives is far away.
4. as引导限制性定语从句
主句中出现the same, as, such, so修饰先行词，需选择as做关系代词在定语从句中做主语或宾语，主要结构有：the same…as，as…as，such…as，so…as
I had the same experience as you had.
I never heard such stories as he told.
非限制性定语从句
1. 非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常用逗号隔开，如果去掉, 主句的意思仍然清楚。
Rome, which is the capital of Italy, has a very long history.
2. 非限制性定语从句中关系词不可省略。that, why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
He lent me a dictionary, which was just what I needed.
3. 非限制性定语从句中，which除了指代先行词，还可以指代整个主句。
The little boy can speak two foreign languages, which surprises all the people present.
4. as引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，常译为“正如”。
As we all know/As is well known, China is a beautiful country with a long history.
As we expected, 正如我们所预料的 As often happens, 正如经常发生的那样
As is often the case, 情况常常如此 As has been said before，如前所述
巩固练习 单句语法填空
1. Beijing is also a place _______ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life.
2. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
3. On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, _________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province.
4. She moved to Virginia in 1865,__________ she provided medical care to freed slaves.
5. When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything ________ happened during the day.
6. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place ________ you can sit down to rest your aching legs.
7. China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot____________it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
8. The best table in this two-story colonial Thai home offers a window right into the kitchen, _______ you can see chef Gaggan and his staff in action.
9. Dr. Rowan, __________ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.
10. We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
11. Their child is at the stage__________ she can say individual words but not full sentences.
12. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, __________ she opened with her late husband Les.
13. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 _______ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.
14. Terri,__________ now rents a house with friends in Wandsworth, South West London, says DIY also saves her from losing any deposit when a tenancy (租期) comes to an end.
15. The little problems___________we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
16. In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of ___________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
17. My eldest son, _________ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.
18. Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon________school education depends.
19. Many young people, most of_______were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
20. The number of smokers,________is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
能力提升
1
The recent opening of a new exhibition building at the Sanxingdui Museum, in Guanghan, in Sichuan province, made the place 1 instant tourist hot spot. The bronze heads, golden masks, holy trees and various statues reveal the 2 (mystery) faces of a culture dating back more than 3,000 years.
For those who cannot make it to Guanghan, 3 the extensive site of Sanxingdui is located, an immersive exhibition 4 (equip) with digital technology, titled Hello Sanxingdui, 5 (offer) an alternative means to be awed by the magnificence of this Bronze Age culture. It is running at the Longfu Art Museum in Beijing until Feb 29.
It provides a time-travel experience for both an educational and artistic appeal. The journey begins 6 a brief timeline of texts, photos and videos, showing how Sanxingdui was first discovered in the 1920s, when objects were found by farmers digging an irrigation ditch (灌溉沟渠); and it highlights the important moments in the past century’s continued archaeological efforts, to reveal the myths surrounding Sanxingdui and the secrets yet 7 (uncover).
On show 8 life-size reproductions of dozens of astonishing artifacts, supervised by Sanxingdui Museum, such as 2.6-meter bronze statues, 3.8-meter-wide bronze masks and “the holy tree” standing nearly 4 meters.
Images of these objects found at Sanxingdui and their 9 (pattern) have been digitalized, animated and projected on screens, leading the audience into the ancient kingdom of Shu, a 10 (civilize) that thrived for centuries in the southwest during the Zhou Dynasty, and disappeared suddenly, leaving many myths and legends.
2
The Yellow River No. 1 Tourist Highway, built in 2018 in Shanxi province, was designed 1 (string) together scenic spots along the river. Visitors can both enjoy overnight accommodations in unique cave dwellings (窑洞), with a special chance to sleep on a“Kang”—a comfortable clay-and-brick bed heated from within 2 taste delicious farm-to-table cuisine while experiencing the beauty of the Yellow River.
Thanks to this initiative, Laoniuwan village, an intersection 3 the Great Wall meets the Yellow River, has been transformed into a popular tourist destination. The villager Guo Jianhua’s hostel has witnessed a booming business, with over 100 tourists staying and dining at his establishment, 4 (generate) a daily income of approximately 3, 000 yuan.
“Previously, I 5 (register) by the local authority as financially disadvantaged. However, I was able to establish this hostel with the 6 (assist) of poverty alleviation loans. In just a few years, I have not only overcome poverty but also got my quality of life significantly 7 (improve), ”Guo said.
Meanwhile, new businesses are also emerging. Since its opening in September last year, the Zhangjiawan recreational vehicle camp located along the highway 8 (welcome) more than 10, 000 vehicles, with nearly 10 percent of them being RVs. “Even the local products are selling 9 (well), ”Guo said, owing this success 10 the increasing number of tourists and the improved transportation facilitated by the tourist expressway.
3
In recent decades, China has fulfilled the task of the Yungang Grottoes in Shanxi Province, thanks to the efforts of researchers. It was a great challenge to preserve the historical and 1 （culture） heritage site that was created more than 1, 500 years ago in any country.
Yungang Grottoes, 2 stretch for about one km from east to west, are located in Datong. There are 45 main caves along the mountain, 3 （house）more than 59, 000 statues. In 2001, Yungang Grottoes 4 （add）onto the UNESCO World Heritage list. UNESCO said the site has 5 universal value as it represents the outstanding achievements of Buddhist cave art in China.
Yungang Grottoes were 6 （original） built during the Northern Wei Dynasty （386-534）. The Grottoes are like a thousand-year-old historical book 7 （carve）on cliffs and rocks. They recorded the changes of time and 8 （witness）the stories, exchanges, and integrations among people of various ethnic groups.
While proud of its increasing 9 （recognize）in global academic circles, the local authorities and researchers understand protecting this precious heritage site has become a pressing challenge. One of the solutions for preservation is to apply special materials on the walls of the caves 10 （coat）and prevent them from being eroded by wind and water.
4
Grand Canal is one of the great engineering wonders built by ancient Chinese. "It bears witness 1 a remarkable and early development of hydraulic（水利的） engineering, " the UNESCO website states.
In ancient times, the Grand Canal 2 （serve）as the main channel for grain transport and every kind of economic and cultural exchange. It also facilitated the time- consuming journeys of laborers and materials for the 3 （construct）of the Forbidden City in Beijing, the capital city of the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Grand Canal had inspired the name of Chenchen, one of the three mascots（吉祥物） of the 19th Asian Games Hangzhou. Chenchen, coming from the Gongchen Bridge, 4 stretches over the Hangzhou section of the Grand Canal, was colored blue 5 （represent）science and technology.
The Hangzhou section of the canal covers 6 total length of 39 kilometers, which is home to 11 of the canal's total 58 historical 7 （site）. It enters the city from Tangqi ancient town in Yuhang District, travels through Gongshu and Shangcheng Districts, 8 finally flows into the Qiantang River from the Three Gorges Ship Lock.
Visitors 9 （recommend）to take a boat trip on the ancient waterway to enjoy some of 10 （it）incomparable scenery as well as the amazing landscape of Jiangnan water town.
定义：起定语作用，修饰某一名词或代词的从句，分为限制性和非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句
1. 关系代词
先行词 在定语从句中所做成分 关系代词
人 主语 that/who
人 宾语 that/who/whom/直接省略
物 主语 that/which
物 宾语 that/which/直接省略
物/人 定语 whose
注意：只用that的情况
①先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much等不定代词时，或被不定代词修饰时；
②先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时；
③先行词被the only, the very, the last等词修饰时；
④先行词即有人又有物时；
⑤主句中有疑问词which或who时。
The boy who broke the window is called Michael.
I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.
They talked about the persons and things that they remembered .
Which is the book that you bought last week
The old temple whose roof was damaged is now under repair.
2. 关系副词
先行词 所作成分 关系副词 Tips:当先行词是case, condition, situation, stage, position, point, degree, occasion等词，表示情况、方面、处境且从句中缺状语时,用关系副词where。
时间 时间状语 when
地点 地点状语 where
原因 原因状语 why
I still remember that day when I first came to Nanjing.
This is the house where I lived last year.
They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.
This is the reason why the boy was punished.
3. 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
基本构成：介词+whom（先行词是人）；介词+which（先行词是物）
The man to whom you spoke is a teacher.
The city in which she lives is far away.
4. as引导限制性定语从句
主句中出现the same, as, such, so修饰先行词，需选择as做关系代词在定语从句中做主语或宾语，主要结构有：the same…as，as…as，such…as，so…as
I had the same experience as you had.
I never heard such stories as he told.
非限制性定语从句
1. 非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常用逗号隔开，如果去掉, 主句的意思仍然清楚。
Rome, which is the capital of Italy, has a very long history.
2. 非限制性定语从句中关系词不可省略。that, why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
He lent me a dictionary, which was just what I needed.
3. 非限制性定语从句中，which除了指代先行词，还可以指代整个主句。
The little boy can speak two foreign languages, which surprises all the people present.
4. as引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，常译为“正如”。
As we all know/As is well known, China is a beautiful country with a long history.
As we expected, 正如我们所预料的 As often happens, 正如经常发生的那样
As is often the case, 情况常常如此 As has been said before，如前所述
巩固练习 单句语法填空
1. Beijing is also a place _______ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life.
2. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
3. On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, _________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province.
4. She moved to Virginia in 1865,__________ she provided medical care to freed slaves.
5. When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything ________ happened during the day.
6. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place ________ you can sit down to rest your aching legs.
7. China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot____________it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
8. The best table in this two-story colonial Thai home offers a window right into the kitchen, _______ you can see chef Gaggan and his staff in action.
9. Dr. Rowan, __________ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.
10. We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
11. Their child is at the stage__________ she can say individual words but not full sentences.
12. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, __________ she opened with her late husband Les.
13. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 _______ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.
14. Terri,__________ now rents a house with friends in Wandsworth, South West London, says DIY also saves her from losing any deposit when a tenancy (租期) comes to an end.
15. The little problems___________we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
16. In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of ___________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
17. My eldest son, _________ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.
18. Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon________school education depends.
19. Many young people, most of_______were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
20. The number of smokers,________is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
能力提升
1
The recent opening of a new exhibition building at the Sanxingdui Museum, in Guanghan, in Sichuan province, made the place 1 instant tourist hot spot. The bronze heads, golden masks, holy trees and various statues reveal the 2 (mystery) faces of a culture dating back more than 3,000 years.
For those who cannot make it to Guanghan, 3 the extensive site of Sanxingdui is located, an immersive exhibition 4 (equip) with digital technology, titled Hello Sanxingdui, 5 (offer) an alternative means to be awed by the magnificence of this Bronze Age culture. It is running at the Longfu Art Museum in Beijing until Feb 29.
It provides a time-travel experience for both an educational and artistic appeal. The journey begins 6 a brief timeline of texts, photos and videos, showing how Sanxingdui was first discovered in the 1920s, when objects were found by farmers digging an irrigation ditch (灌溉沟渠); and it highlights the important moments in the past century’s continued archaeological efforts, to reveal the myths surrounding Sanxingdui and the secrets yet 7 (uncover).
On show 8 life-size reproductions of dozens of astonishing artifacts, supervised by Sanxingdui Museum, such as 2.6-meter bronze statues, 3.8-meter-wide bronze masks and “the holy tree” standing nearly 4 meters.
Images of these objects found at Sanxingdui and their 9 (pattern) have been digitalized, animated and projected on screens, leading the audience into the ancient kingdom of Shu, a 10 (civilize) that thrived for centuries in the southwest during the Zhou Dynasty, and disappeared suddenly, leaving many myths and legends.
2
The Yellow River No. 1 Tourist Highway, built in 2018 in Shanxi province, was designed 1 (string) together scenic spots along the river. Visitors can both enjoy overnight accommodations in unique cave dwellings (窑洞), with a special chance to sleep on a“Kang”—a comfortable clay-and-brick bed heated from within 2 taste delicious farm-to-table cuisine while experiencing the beauty of the Yellow River.
Thanks to this initiative, Laoniuwan village, an intersection 3 the Great Wall meets the Yellow River, has been transformed into a popular tourist destination. The villager Guo Jianhua’s hostel has witnessed a booming business, with over 100 tourists staying and dining at his establishment, 4 (generate) a daily income of approximately 3, 000 yuan.
“Previously, I 5 (register) by the local authority as financially disadvantaged. However, I was able to establish this hostel with the 6 (assist) of poverty alleviation loans. In just a few years, I have not only overcome poverty but also got my quality of life significantly 7 (improve), ”Guo said.
Meanwhile, new businesses are also emerging. Since its opening in September last year, the Zhangjiawan recreational vehicle camp located along the highway 8 (welcome) more than 10, 000 vehicles, with nearly 10 percent of them being RVs. “Even the local products are selling 9 (well), ”Guo said, owing this success 10 the increasing number of tourists and the improved transportation facilitated by the tourist expressway.
3
In recent decades, China has fulfilled the task of the Yungang Grottoes in Shanxi Province, thanks to the efforts of researchers. It was a great challenge to preserve the historical and 1 （culture） heritage site that was created more than 1, 500 years ago in any country.
Yungang Grottoes, 2 stretch for about one km from east to west, are located in Datong. There are 45 main caves along the mountain, 3 （house）more than 59, 000 statues. In 2001, Yungang Grottoes 4 （add）onto the UNESCO World Heritage list. UNESCO said the site has 5 universal value as it represents the outstanding achievements of Buddhist cave art in China.
Yungang Grottoes were 6 （original） built during the Northern Wei Dynasty （386-534）. The Grottoes are like a thousand-year-old historical book 7 （carve）on cliffs and rocks. They recorded the changes of time and 8 （witness）the stories, exchanges, and integrations among people of various ethnic groups.
While proud of its increasing 9 （recognize）in global academic circles, the local authorities and researchers understand protecting this precious heritage site has become a pressing challenge. One of the solutions for preservation is to apply special materials on the walls of the caves 10 （coat）and prevent them from being eroded by wind and water.
4
Grand Canal is one of the great engineering wonders built by ancient Chinese. "It bears witness 1 a remarkable and early development of hydraulic（水利的） engineering, " the UNESCO website states.
In ancient times, the Grand Canal 2 （serve）as the main channel for grain transport and every kind of economic and cultural exchange. It also facilitated the time- consuming journeys of laborers and materials for the 3 （construct）of the Forbidden City in Beijing, the capital city of the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Grand Canal had inspired the name of Chenchen, one of the three mascots（吉祥物） of the 19th Asian Games Hangzhou. Chenchen, coming from the Gongchen Bridge, 4 stretches over the Hangzhou section of the Grand Canal, was colored blue 5 （represent）science and technology.
The Hangzhou section of the canal covers 6 total length of 39 kilometers, which is home to 11 of the canal's total 58 historical 7 （site）. It enters the city from Tangqi ancient town in Yuhang District, travels through Gongshu and Shangcheng Districts, 8 finally flows into the Qiantang River from the Three Gorges Ship Lock.
Visitors 9 （recommend）to take a boat trip on the ancient waterway to enjoy some of 10 （it）incomparable scenery as well as the amazing landscape of Jiangnan water town.