2024届高三下学期英语培优外刊阅读学案 火灾话题（含答案）
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| 名称 | 2024届高三下学期英语培优外刊阅读学案 火灾话题（含答案） |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-05-19 18:35:15 | ||
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高三英语培优外刊阅读
班级：____________学号：____________姓名：____________
外刊精选｜夏威夷大火：美国百年来最致命野火是怎么酿成的？
美国夏威夷毛伊岛8月8日突发大火，岛上著名的海滨度假小镇“拉海纳”几乎完全被摧毁，场面触目惊心。根据官方公布的最新数据，火灾已致114人死亡，目前仍有850人下落不明。野火为何如此之大？损失为何如此惨重？在失去亲人和家园后，当地居民还面临着什么困境？
What We Know About the Wild res in Hawaii
By Adeel Hassan and Damien Cave
One week after brush fires in Maui exploded into the country’s deadliest wildfires in more than one hundred years, the authorities have begun announcing the names of the dead, residents’ patience with the government response has worn thin, and the dimensions of the tragedy are still coming into focus.
The death toll is one hundred and ten, and virtually certain to grow, officials said. Along with mourning the dead, residents will be facing the daunting reality of trying to survive and rebuild in the most expensive state in the country.
Days after the disaster, frustrated residents in West Maui said that they were receiving far more help from an ad hoc network of volunteers, some ferrying supplies in their own boats, than they were from the government. Questions are also mounting about the failure of many warning sirens to operate and about fire hydrants that ran dry, raising worries that more people could have been saved with a better emergency response.
No single cause has been determined, but experts said one possibility was that active power lines that fell in high winds had ignited a wildfire that ultimately consumed Lahaina.
A longer-term worry is the changing climate. The area burned by wildfires in Hawaii each year has quadrupled in recent decades. Invasive grasses that leave the islands increasingly susceptible to wildfires and climate change have worsened dry and hot conditions in the state, allowing wildfires to spread more quickly, climatologists say.
【词汇过关】
请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。
1.Hawaii英 [h wa i ] 美 [h wa i ] n. _____________________________
2.explode v._____________________________
3.wear v._____________________________
4.toll n._____________________________
5.virtually英 [ v t u li] 美 [ v t u li] adv. _____________________________
6.mourn英 [m n] 美 [m rn] v._____________________________
7.daunting英 [ d nt ] 美 [ dɑ nt ] adj. _____________________________
8.ad hoc英 [ d h k] 美 [ d hɑ k] adj. _____________________________
9.ferry英 [ feri] 美 [ feri]（本文）v. ____________；n.__________________
10.mount英 [ma nt] 美 [ma nt]（本文）v. _________________；n. _________________
11.dimension英 [ da men n] 美 [ d men n] n. _____________________________
12.ignite英 [ ɡ na t] 美 [ ɡ na t]（本文）v. _____________________________
13.quadruple英 [kw d ru pl] 美 [kwɑ dru pl] v._____________________________
14.invasive英 [ n ve s v] 美 [ n ve s v] adj. _____________________________
【词块学习】
请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。
1._____________________________某种危险状态的）突然失控、爆发
2._____________________________（习语）某事开始变弱，变得不受欢迎
3._____________________________死亡人数
4._____________________________ 伤亡人数
5._____________________________几乎不可能
6._____________________________几乎一模一样
7._____________________________悼念......
8._____________________________为......而忧伤
9._____________________________艰巨的任务
10._____________________________ 处理此问题的特别会议
11._____________________________警报器
12._____________________________消防栓
13._____________________________变干，干涸
14._____________________________激起学生对学习英语的兴趣
15._____________________________易受到......影响或伤害
拓展练习阅读理解
With a brain the size of a pinhead, insects possess a great sense of direction. They manage to locate themselves and move through small openings. How do they do this with their limited brain power Understanding the inner workings of an insect’s brain can help us in our search towards energy-efficient computing, physicist Elisabetta Chicca of the University of Groningen shows with her most recent result: a robot that acts like an insect.
It’s not easy to make use of the images that come in through your eyes when deciding what your feet or wings should do. A key aspect here is the apparent motion of things as you move. “Like when you're on a train,” Chicca explains. “The trees nearby appear to move faster than the houses far away.” Insects use this information to infer how far away things are. This works well when moving in a straight line, but reality is not that simple. To keep things manageable for their limited brain power, they adjust their behaviour: they fly in a straight line, make a turn, then make another straight line.
In search of the neural mechanism (神经机制) that drives insect behaviour, PhD student Thorben Schoepe developed a model of its neuronal activity and a small robot that uses this model to find the position. His model is based on one main principle: always head towards the area with the least apparent motion. He had his robot drive through a long passage consisting of two walls and the robot centred in the middle of the passage, as insects tend to do. In other virtual environments, such as a space with small openings, his model also showed similar behaviour to insects.
The fact that a robot can find its position in a realistic environment is not new. Rather, the model gives insight into how insects do the job, and how they manage to do things so efficiently. In a similar way, you could make computers more efficient.
In the future, Chicca hopes to apply this specific insect behaviour to a chip as well. “Instead of using a general-purpose computer with all its possibilities, you can build specific hardware; a tiny chip that does the job, keeping things much smaller and energy-efficient.” She comments.
8.Why is “a train” mentioned in Paragraph 2
A.To illustrate the principle of train motion. B.To highlight why human vision is limited.
C.To explain how insects perceive distances. D.To compare the movement of trees and houses.
9.What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about concerning Schoepe’s model
A.Its novel design. B.Its theoretical basis.
C.Its possible application. D.Its working mechanism.
10.What do the researchers think of the finding
A.Amusing. B.Discouraging. C.Promising. D.Contradictory.
11.What will Chicca’s follow-up study focus on
A.Inventing insect-like chips. B.Studying general-purpose robots.
C.Creating insect-inspired computers. D.Developing energy-efficient hardware.
外刊精选答案
【词汇过关】
请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。
1.Hawaii英 [h wa i ] 美 [h wa i ] n. （美国）夏威夷州
2.explode v. 爆炸
3.wear v. 磨损，消耗
4.toll n. （战争、灾难等造成的）毁坏
5.virtually英 [ v t u li] 美 [ v t u li] adv. 几乎（almost）
6.mourn英 [m n] 美 [m rn] v. 悼念，忧伤
7.daunting英 [ d nt ] 美 [ dɑ nt ] adj. 令人畏惧的，艰巨的
8.ad hoc英 [ d h k] 美 [ d hɑ k] adj. （拉丁语）临时安排的，特别的，专门的
9.ferry英 [ feri] 美 [ feri]（本文）v. 渡运，运送；n. 渡船，轮渡
10.mount英 [ma nt] 美 [ma nt]（本文）v. （像爬山一样逐步地）增加；n. 山
11.dimension英 [ da men n] 美 [ d men n] n. 方面，侧面
12.ignite英 [ ɡ na t] 美 [ ɡ na t]（本文）v. 点燃；激起（某种感受）
13.quadruple英 [kw d ru pl] 美 [kwɑ dru pl] v. 变为4倍
14.invasive英 [ n ve s v] 美 [ n ve s v] adj. 侵入的，迅速扩散的
【词块学习】
请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。
1.explode into something（某种危险状态的）突然失控、爆发
2.wear thin（习语）某事开始变弱，变得不受欢迎
3.death toll死亡人数
4.casualty toll 伤亡人数
5.virtually impossible 几乎不可能
6.virtually identical 几乎一模一样
7.mourn something 悼念......
8.mourn for something 为......而忧伤
9.a daunting task 艰巨的任务
10.an ad hoc meeting to deal with the problem 处理此问题的特别会议
11.warning siren警报器
12.fire hydrant消防栓
13.run dry变干，干涸
14.ignite students' interest in learning English 激起学生对学习英语的兴趣
15.susceptible to something易受到......影响或伤害
【全文翻译】
关于夏威夷野火，我们目前所知道的
美国夏威夷毛伊岛的灌木丛起火后，迅速升级为这个国家100多年来最致命的野火。一周后，官方开始宣布遇难者名单，当地居民对政府响应灾情的耐心已经消耗殆尽。这场悲剧的方方面面仍在持续成为人们关注的焦点。
官方表示，死亡人数已达110人，而且几乎可以肯定还会增加。在为遇难者哀痛不已的同时， 居民们还要面对一个令人畏惧的现实：在美国生活成本最高的州寻求生存和重建。
灾难发生几日后，毛伊岛西部寒心的居民们说，他们从一个临时组织的志愿者团体那里得到的帮助，要远远多于他们从政府那里得到的帮助，其中一些志愿者用自己的船只运送救援物资。关于警报器失灵和消防栓干涸的质疑也越来越多，这引发了诸多不安，如果有更好的应急响应，本可以有更多人得救。
火灾发生原因目前尚未确定，但专家说可能性之一是带电电线被强风吹落，点燃了野火，并最终吞噬了拉海纳镇。
更长期的担忧在于气候变化。近几十年来，夏威夷每年的野火过火面积增加了四倍。气候学家说，外来入侵草类使夏威夷各岛越来越容易受到野火和气候变化的影响，也加剧了该州的干燥和炎热状况，从而导致野火蔓延得更快。
拓展练习阅读理解参考答案
8.C 9.D 10.C 11.A
班级：____________学号：____________姓名：____________
外刊精选｜夏威夷大火：美国百年来最致命野火是怎么酿成的？
美国夏威夷毛伊岛8月8日突发大火，岛上著名的海滨度假小镇“拉海纳”几乎完全被摧毁，场面触目惊心。根据官方公布的最新数据，火灾已致114人死亡，目前仍有850人下落不明。野火为何如此之大？损失为何如此惨重？在失去亲人和家园后，当地居民还面临着什么困境？
What We Know About the Wild res in Hawaii
By Adeel Hassan and Damien Cave
One week after brush fires in Maui exploded into the country’s deadliest wildfires in more than one hundred years, the authorities have begun announcing the names of the dead, residents’ patience with the government response has worn thin, and the dimensions of the tragedy are still coming into focus.
The death toll is one hundred and ten, and virtually certain to grow, officials said. Along with mourning the dead, residents will be facing the daunting reality of trying to survive and rebuild in the most expensive state in the country.
Days after the disaster, frustrated residents in West Maui said that they were receiving far more help from an ad hoc network of volunteers, some ferrying supplies in their own boats, than they were from the government. Questions are also mounting about the failure of many warning sirens to operate and about fire hydrants that ran dry, raising worries that more people could have been saved with a better emergency response.
No single cause has been determined, but experts said one possibility was that active power lines that fell in high winds had ignited a wildfire that ultimately consumed Lahaina.
A longer-term worry is the changing climate. The area burned by wildfires in Hawaii each year has quadrupled in recent decades. Invasive grasses that leave the islands increasingly susceptible to wildfires and climate change have worsened dry and hot conditions in the state, allowing wildfires to spread more quickly, climatologists say.
【词汇过关】
请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。
1.Hawaii英 [h wa i ] 美 [h wa i ] n. _____________________________
2.explode v._____________________________
3.wear v._____________________________
4.toll n._____________________________
5.virtually英 [ v t u li] 美 [ v t u li] adv. _____________________________
6.mourn英 [m n] 美 [m rn] v._____________________________
7.daunting英 [ d nt ] 美 [ dɑ nt ] adj. _____________________________
8.ad hoc英 [ d h k] 美 [ d hɑ k] adj. _____________________________
9.ferry英 [ feri] 美 [ feri]（本文）v. ____________；n.__________________
10.mount英 [ma nt] 美 [ma nt]（本文）v. _________________；n. _________________
11.dimension英 [ da men n] 美 [ d men n] n. _____________________________
12.ignite英 [ ɡ na t] 美 [ ɡ na t]（本文）v. _____________________________
13.quadruple英 [kw d ru pl] 美 [kwɑ dru pl] v._____________________________
14.invasive英 [ n ve s v] 美 [ n ve s v] adj. _____________________________
【词块学习】
请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。
1._____________________________某种危险状态的）突然失控、爆发
2._____________________________（习语）某事开始变弱，变得不受欢迎
3._____________________________死亡人数
4._____________________________ 伤亡人数
5._____________________________几乎不可能
6._____________________________几乎一模一样
7._____________________________悼念......
8._____________________________为......而忧伤
9._____________________________艰巨的任务
10._____________________________ 处理此问题的特别会议
11._____________________________警报器
12._____________________________消防栓
13._____________________________变干，干涸
14._____________________________激起学生对学习英语的兴趣
15._____________________________易受到......影响或伤害
拓展练习阅读理解
With a brain the size of a pinhead, insects possess a great sense of direction. They manage to locate themselves and move through small openings. How do they do this with their limited brain power Understanding the inner workings of an insect’s brain can help us in our search towards energy-efficient computing, physicist Elisabetta Chicca of the University of Groningen shows with her most recent result: a robot that acts like an insect.
It’s not easy to make use of the images that come in through your eyes when deciding what your feet or wings should do. A key aspect here is the apparent motion of things as you move. “Like when you're on a train,” Chicca explains. “The trees nearby appear to move faster than the houses far away.” Insects use this information to infer how far away things are. This works well when moving in a straight line, but reality is not that simple. To keep things manageable for their limited brain power, they adjust their behaviour: they fly in a straight line, make a turn, then make another straight line.
In search of the neural mechanism (神经机制) that drives insect behaviour, PhD student Thorben Schoepe developed a model of its neuronal activity and a small robot that uses this model to find the position. His model is based on one main principle: always head towards the area with the least apparent motion. He had his robot drive through a long passage consisting of two walls and the robot centred in the middle of the passage, as insects tend to do. In other virtual environments, such as a space with small openings, his model also showed similar behaviour to insects.
The fact that a robot can find its position in a realistic environment is not new. Rather, the model gives insight into how insects do the job, and how they manage to do things so efficiently. In a similar way, you could make computers more efficient.
In the future, Chicca hopes to apply this specific insect behaviour to a chip as well. “Instead of using a general-purpose computer with all its possibilities, you can build specific hardware; a tiny chip that does the job, keeping things much smaller and energy-efficient.” She comments.
8.Why is “a train” mentioned in Paragraph 2
A.To illustrate the principle of train motion. B.To highlight why human vision is limited.
C.To explain how insects perceive distances. D.To compare the movement of trees and houses.
9.What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about concerning Schoepe’s model
A.Its novel design. B.Its theoretical basis.
C.Its possible application. D.Its working mechanism.
10.What do the researchers think of the finding
A.Amusing. B.Discouraging. C.Promising. D.Contradictory.
11.What will Chicca’s follow-up study focus on
A.Inventing insect-like chips. B.Studying general-purpose robots.
C.Creating insect-inspired computers. D.Developing energy-efficient hardware.
外刊精选答案
【词汇过关】
请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。
1.Hawaii英 [h wa i ] 美 [h wa i ] n. （美国）夏威夷州
2.explode v. 爆炸
3.wear v. 磨损，消耗
4.toll n. （战争、灾难等造成的）毁坏
5.virtually英 [ v t u li] 美 [ v t u li] adv. 几乎（almost）
6.mourn英 [m n] 美 [m rn] v. 悼念，忧伤
7.daunting英 [ d nt ] 美 [ dɑ nt ] adj. 令人畏惧的，艰巨的
8.ad hoc英 [ d h k] 美 [ d hɑ k] adj. （拉丁语）临时安排的，特别的，专门的
9.ferry英 [ feri] 美 [ feri]（本文）v. 渡运，运送；n. 渡船，轮渡
10.mount英 [ma nt] 美 [ma nt]（本文）v. （像爬山一样逐步地）增加；n. 山
11.dimension英 [ da men n] 美 [ d men n] n. 方面，侧面
12.ignite英 [ ɡ na t] 美 [ ɡ na t]（本文）v. 点燃；激起（某种感受）
13.quadruple英 [kw d ru pl] 美 [kwɑ dru pl] v. 变为4倍
14.invasive英 [ n ve s v] 美 [ n ve s v] adj. 侵入的，迅速扩散的
【词块学习】
请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。
1.explode into something（某种危险状态的）突然失控、爆发
2.wear thin（习语）某事开始变弱，变得不受欢迎
3.death toll死亡人数
4.casualty toll 伤亡人数
5.virtually impossible 几乎不可能
6.virtually identical 几乎一模一样
7.mourn something 悼念......
8.mourn for something 为......而忧伤
9.a daunting task 艰巨的任务
10.an ad hoc meeting to deal with the problem 处理此问题的特别会议
11.warning siren警报器
12.fire hydrant消防栓
13.run dry变干，干涸
14.ignite students' interest in learning English 激起学生对学习英语的兴趣
15.susceptible to something易受到......影响或伤害
【全文翻译】
关于夏威夷野火，我们目前所知道的
美国夏威夷毛伊岛的灌木丛起火后，迅速升级为这个国家100多年来最致命的野火。一周后，官方开始宣布遇难者名单，当地居民对政府响应灾情的耐心已经消耗殆尽。这场悲剧的方方面面仍在持续成为人们关注的焦点。
官方表示，死亡人数已达110人，而且几乎可以肯定还会增加。在为遇难者哀痛不已的同时， 居民们还要面对一个令人畏惧的现实：在美国生活成本最高的州寻求生存和重建。
灾难发生几日后，毛伊岛西部寒心的居民们说，他们从一个临时组织的志愿者团体那里得到的帮助，要远远多于他们从政府那里得到的帮助，其中一些志愿者用自己的船只运送救援物资。关于警报器失灵和消防栓干涸的质疑也越来越多，这引发了诸多不安，如果有更好的应急响应，本可以有更多人得救。
火灾发生原因目前尚未确定，但专家说可能性之一是带电电线被强风吹落，点燃了野火，并最终吞噬了拉海纳镇。
更长期的担忧在于气候变化。近几十年来，夏威夷每年的野火过火面积增加了四倍。气候学家说，外来入侵草类使夏威夷各岛越来越容易受到野火和气候变化的影响，也加剧了该州的干燥和炎热状况，从而导致野火蔓延得更快。
拓展练习阅读理解参考答案
8.C 9.D 10.C 11.A