2024届高三下学期英语培优外刊阅读学案 名校话题（含答案）
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| 名称 | 2024届高三下学期英语培优外刊阅读学案 名校话题（含答案） |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-05-19 18:36:07 | ||
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高三英语培优外刊阅读
班级：____________学号：____________姓名：____________
外刊精选｜任职仅半年，哈佛最“短命”校长背后的刀光剑影
2024年新年伊始，美国哈佛大学校长克劳丁·盖伊突然宣布辞职，成为哈佛近400年校史上任职时间最短的校长。表面上看，盖伊被迫辞职是因为过往学术论文被扒涉嫌抄袭，然而事件的背后，是政治、资本、舆论的多重博弈。去年12月，盖伊和美国另外两所名校——宾夕法尼亚大学和麻省理工学院的校长，纷纷因校园“反犹”问题受到国会质询，由此深陷舆论风暴。盖伊的辞职意味着什么？这一风波产生了怎样的影响？
Harvard President Resigns After Mounting Plagiarism Accusations
By Jennifer Schuessler, Anemona Hartocollis, Michael Levenson and Alan Blinder
Harvard's president, Claudine Gay, announced her resignation, after her presidency had become engulfed in crisis over accusations of plagiarism and what some called her insufficient response to antisemitism on campus after the Hamas-led attacks on Israel on Oct. 7. She will have the shortest stint in office of any Harvard president since its founding in 1636.
In a letter announcing her decision, Dr. Gay said that after consulting with members of the university's governing body, the Harvard Corporation, "it has become clear that it is in the best interests of Harvard for me to resign so that our community can navigate this moment of extraordinary challenge with a focus on the institution rather than any individual." At the same time, Dr. Gay, 53, defended her academic record and suggested that she was the target of highly personal and racist attacks.
Dr. Gay's resignation came after the latest plagiarism accusations against her were circulated in an unsigned complaint published in The Washington Free Beacon, a conservative online journal that has led a campaign against Dr. Gay over the past few weeks.
On Harvard's campus, some expressed deep dismay with what they described as a politically motivated campaign against Dr. Gay and higher education more broadly.
There were signs that controversy might have harmed Harvard's reputation. The number of students who applied this fall under the university's early action program - giving them the possibility of an admissions decision in December instead of March – fell about 17 percent, the university said last month.
【词汇过关】
请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。
mounting英 [ ma nt ] 美 [ ma nt ] adj. _____________________________
2.plagiarism英 [ ple d r zm] 美 [ ple d r zm] n. _____________________________
3.accusation英 [ kj ze n] 美 [ kj ze n] n. _____________________________
4.accuse v. _____________________________
5.resignation英 [ rez ɡ ne n] 美 [ rez ɡ ne n] n. _____________________________
6.resign v. _____________________________
7.retire v. _____________________________
8.presidency英 [ prez dnsi] 美 [ prez dnsi] n. _____________________________
9.engulf v. _____________________________
10.stint英 [st nt] 美 [st nt] n. _____________________________
11.evident adj. _____________________________
12.navigate英 [ n v ɡe t] 美 [ n v ɡe t] v. _____________________________
13.defend英 [d fend] 美 [d fend] v._____________________________
14.circulate英 [ s kj le t] 美 [ s r kj le t] v. _____________________________
15.dismay英 [d sme ] 美 [d sme ] n. _____________________________
【词块学习】
请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。
1._____________________________ 滚雪球效应
2._____________________________某个事物因某些原因深陷危机
3._____________________________回应力度不够
4_____________________________ 一段很棒的假期时光
5._____________________________某件事（道理）无需多言、不言自明
6._____________________________某件事（对某人来说）是最有利的、是最优解
7._____________________________组织或领导反对某个人、某种政策、某种观点的运动
8._____________________________他们口中的、所描述的
9._____________________________有迹象表明……
拓展练习阅读理解
Plastic, once seen as a revolutionary material for its wide application and convenience, has become a global environmental crisis because it is non-biodegradable. The ubiquity (无处不在) of plastic in our daily lives has led to an increasing amount of plastic waste, causing great harm.
One of the most alarming examples of this crisis is the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, a floating mass of plastic waste in the North Pacific Ocean. It is estimated to be twice the size of Texas and consists of everything from microplastics to abandoned fishing nets. Marine life often mistakes plastic particles for food, leading to ingestion and death. Additionally, the chemicals used in plastic production can pollute water and soil, and finally threaten marine ecosystems.
Plastic waste is not limited to the oceans; it also impacts the land. Landfills overflow with plastic waste, emitting (排放) harmful greenhouse gases as plastics break down slowly over time. The production of plastics is highly energy-intensive and contributes to greenhouse gas emissions, exacerbating climate change. Furthermore, plastic litter is evident in urban and rural landscapes, destroying the natural beauty of our planet.
Beyond its environmental impact, plastic poses serious health risks to humans. Many plastics contain harmful chemicals, which can be found in food and drinks when plastic containers are used for storage and heating. These chemicals have been linked to a range of health problems, including developmental issues and cancer.
In conclusion, the problem of plastic pollution demands urgent action. A comprehensive strategy for cutting down on plastic is essential to tackle these challenges and safeguard the well-being of our planet and its inhabitants.
While reducing the consumption of plastic may seem challenging, it is achievable through a combination of policy measures, technological innovations and changes in consumer behavior. Governments must issue laws to ban or heavily regulate single-use plastics and promote alternatives. Businesses should adopt sustainable packaging practices, and individuals can reduce plastic consumption by making conscious choices.
31.What does the example of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch show
A.Animals rely on plastic waste to survive.
B.Plastic is too widespread to remove.
C.Plastic waste is harming the oceans.
D.Plastic poses health risks to humans.
32.What does the underlined word “exacerbating” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A.Worsening. B.Controlling. C.Recording. D.Evaluating.
33.What is the last paragraph mainly about
A.Ways to cut plastic consumption.
B.Problems of handling plastic.
C.Alternatives for plastic products.
D.Some benefits of banning plastic.
34.What is the best title for the text
A.Plastic Packaging Is Everywhere
B.Plastic Consumption Should Be Reduced
C.How Should Plastic Be Used
D.How Plastic Products Affect People
外刊精选答案
【词汇过关】
请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。
1.mounting英 [ ma nt ] 美 [ ma nt ] adj. 逐渐增加的，日益严重的
2.plagiarism英 [ ple d r zm] 美 [ ple d r zm] n. 剽窃，抄袭
3.accusation英 [ kj ze n] 美 [ kj ze n] n. （本文）指控；指责
4.accuse v. 指控
5.resignation英 [ rez ɡ ne n] 美 [ rez ɡ ne n] n. 主动辞职，离职
6.resign v. 辞职，离职（step down, leave one's position）
7.retire v. 退休
8.presidency英 [ prez dnsi] 美 [ prez dnsi] n. 总统任期；校长任期
9.engulf v. 完全覆盖、吞没
10.stint英 [st nt] 美 [st nt] n. 一段特定的时间
11.evident adj. 不言自明的
12.navigate英 [ n v ɡe t] 美 [ n v ɡe t] v. 应对（某种复杂状况）
13.defend英 [d fend] 美 [d fend] v. 辩护，捍卫（某人的立场或行为）
14.circulate英 [ s kj le t] 美 [ s r kj le t] v. 流传，传播
15.dismay英 [d sme ] 美 [d sme ] n. 沮丧，失望，惊慌，震惊
【词块学习】
请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。
1.snowballing effect 滚雪球效应
2.be/become engulfed in crisis over ...某个事物因某些原因深陷危机
3.insufficient response to回应力度不够
4.a great stint of holiday 一段很棒的假期时光
5.It has been clear that ...某件事（道理）无需多言、不言自明
6.It is in the best interests of某件事（对某人来说）是最有利的、是最优解
7.lead a campaign against组织或领导反对某个人、某种政策、某种观点的运动
8.what they described as ...他们口中的、所描述的
9.There are signs that ...有迹象表明……
【全文翻译】
在不断发酵的抄袭指控下，哈佛大学校长辞职
哈佛大学校长克劳丁·盖伊（Claudine Gay）宣布辞职。此前，她因被指控抄袭，以及被一些人认为在哈马斯10月7日袭击以色列后未能对校园反犹主义作出全面回应，任期陷入危机。盖伊将成为哈佛大学自1636年建校以来任期最短的校长。
盖伊在她的辞职声明中表示，在与哈佛大学管理机构——哈佛董事会（Harvard Corporation）的成员进行磋商后，“我选择辞职显然是对哈佛最有利的做法，以便我们的校园社群能够专注于学府本身而非个人，共同应对这个非同寻常、充满挑战的时刻。”与此同时，53岁的盖伊为她的学术记录进行了辩护，并表示自己成为了高度个人化的、种族主义的攻击目标。
在盖伊辞职之前，针对她的最新抄袭指控，通过发表在《华盛顿自由灯塔》上的一份匿名投诉流传开来。该杂志是一份保守派在线期刊，在过去几周里领导了一场针对盖伊的声讨运动。
在哈佛校园内，一些人对这场运动感到深深的失望——用他们的话说，这是“一场受政治动机驱使的运动，既是针对盖伊博士，从更广泛的意义上说也是针对整个高等教育界”。
有迹象表明，此次争议事件可能已经损害了哈佛大学的声誉。校方在上月表示，2023年秋季，申请提前录取的学生人数下降了约17%，该校的提前录取政策能让申请者在当年12月而非次年3月，得知录取决定。
拓展练习阅读理解参考答案
31.C 32.A 33.A 34.B
班级：____________学号：____________姓名：____________
外刊精选｜任职仅半年，哈佛最“短命”校长背后的刀光剑影
2024年新年伊始，美国哈佛大学校长克劳丁·盖伊突然宣布辞职，成为哈佛近400年校史上任职时间最短的校长。表面上看，盖伊被迫辞职是因为过往学术论文被扒涉嫌抄袭，然而事件的背后，是政治、资本、舆论的多重博弈。去年12月，盖伊和美国另外两所名校——宾夕法尼亚大学和麻省理工学院的校长，纷纷因校园“反犹”问题受到国会质询，由此深陷舆论风暴。盖伊的辞职意味着什么？这一风波产生了怎样的影响？
Harvard President Resigns After Mounting Plagiarism Accusations
By Jennifer Schuessler, Anemona Hartocollis, Michael Levenson and Alan Blinder
Harvard's president, Claudine Gay, announced her resignation, after her presidency had become engulfed in crisis over accusations of plagiarism and what some called her insufficient response to antisemitism on campus after the Hamas-led attacks on Israel on Oct. 7. She will have the shortest stint in office of any Harvard president since its founding in 1636.
In a letter announcing her decision, Dr. Gay said that after consulting with members of the university's governing body, the Harvard Corporation, "it has become clear that it is in the best interests of Harvard for me to resign so that our community can navigate this moment of extraordinary challenge with a focus on the institution rather than any individual." At the same time, Dr. Gay, 53, defended her academic record and suggested that she was the target of highly personal and racist attacks.
Dr. Gay's resignation came after the latest plagiarism accusations against her were circulated in an unsigned complaint published in The Washington Free Beacon, a conservative online journal that has led a campaign against Dr. Gay over the past few weeks.
On Harvard's campus, some expressed deep dismay with what they described as a politically motivated campaign against Dr. Gay and higher education more broadly.
There were signs that controversy might have harmed Harvard's reputation. The number of students who applied this fall under the university's early action program - giving them the possibility of an admissions decision in December instead of March – fell about 17 percent, the university said last month.
【词汇过关】
请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。
mounting英 [ ma nt ] 美 [ ma nt ] adj. _____________________________
2.plagiarism英 [ ple d r zm] 美 [ ple d r zm] n. _____________________________
3.accusation英 [ kj ze n] 美 [ kj ze n] n. _____________________________
4.accuse v. _____________________________
5.resignation英 [ rez ɡ ne n] 美 [ rez ɡ ne n] n. _____________________________
6.resign v. _____________________________
7.retire v. _____________________________
8.presidency英 [ prez dnsi] 美 [ prez dnsi] n. _____________________________
9.engulf v. _____________________________
10.stint英 [st nt] 美 [st nt] n. _____________________________
11.evident adj. _____________________________
12.navigate英 [ n v ɡe t] 美 [ n v ɡe t] v. _____________________________
13.defend英 [d fend] 美 [d fend] v._____________________________
14.circulate英 [ s kj le t] 美 [ s r kj le t] v. _____________________________
15.dismay英 [d sme ] 美 [d sme ] n. _____________________________
【词块学习】
请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。
1._____________________________ 滚雪球效应
2._____________________________某个事物因某些原因深陷危机
3._____________________________回应力度不够
4_____________________________ 一段很棒的假期时光
5._____________________________某件事（道理）无需多言、不言自明
6._____________________________某件事（对某人来说）是最有利的、是最优解
7._____________________________组织或领导反对某个人、某种政策、某种观点的运动
8._____________________________他们口中的、所描述的
9._____________________________有迹象表明……
拓展练习阅读理解
Plastic, once seen as a revolutionary material for its wide application and convenience, has become a global environmental crisis because it is non-biodegradable. The ubiquity (无处不在) of plastic in our daily lives has led to an increasing amount of plastic waste, causing great harm.
One of the most alarming examples of this crisis is the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, a floating mass of plastic waste in the North Pacific Ocean. It is estimated to be twice the size of Texas and consists of everything from microplastics to abandoned fishing nets. Marine life often mistakes plastic particles for food, leading to ingestion and death. Additionally, the chemicals used in plastic production can pollute water and soil, and finally threaten marine ecosystems.
Plastic waste is not limited to the oceans; it also impacts the land. Landfills overflow with plastic waste, emitting (排放) harmful greenhouse gases as plastics break down slowly over time. The production of plastics is highly energy-intensive and contributes to greenhouse gas emissions, exacerbating climate change. Furthermore, plastic litter is evident in urban and rural landscapes, destroying the natural beauty of our planet.
Beyond its environmental impact, plastic poses serious health risks to humans. Many plastics contain harmful chemicals, which can be found in food and drinks when plastic containers are used for storage and heating. These chemicals have been linked to a range of health problems, including developmental issues and cancer.
In conclusion, the problem of plastic pollution demands urgent action. A comprehensive strategy for cutting down on plastic is essential to tackle these challenges and safeguard the well-being of our planet and its inhabitants.
While reducing the consumption of plastic may seem challenging, it is achievable through a combination of policy measures, technological innovations and changes in consumer behavior. Governments must issue laws to ban or heavily regulate single-use plastics and promote alternatives. Businesses should adopt sustainable packaging practices, and individuals can reduce plastic consumption by making conscious choices.
31.What does the example of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch show
A.Animals rely on plastic waste to survive.
B.Plastic is too widespread to remove.
C.Plastic waste is harming the oceans.
D.Plastic poses health risks to humans.
32.What does the underlined word “exacerbating” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A.Worsening. B.Controlling. C.Recording. D.Evaluating.
33.What is the last paragraph mainly about
A.Ways to cut plastic consumption.
B.Problems of handling plastic.
C.Alternatives for plastic products.
D.Some benefits of banning plastic.
34.What is the best title for the text
A.Plastic Packaging Is Everywhere
B.Plastic Consumption Should Be Reduced
C.How Should Plastic Be Used
D.How Plastic Products Affect People
外刊精选答案
【词汇过关】
请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。
1.mounting英 [ ma nt ] 美 [ ma nt ] adj. 逐渐增加的，日益严重的
2.plagiarism英 [ ple d r zm] 美 [ ple d r zm] n. 剽窃，抄袭
3.accusation英 [ kj ze n] 美 [ kj ze n] n. （本文）指控；指责
4.accuse v. 指控
5.resignation英 [ rez ɡ ne n] 美 [ rez ɡ ne n] n. 主动辞职，离职
6.resign v. 辞职，离职（step down, leave one's position）
7.retire v. 退休
8.presidency英 [ prez dnsi] 美 [ prez dnsi] n. 总统任期；校长任期
9.engulf v. 完全覆盖、吞没
10.stint英 [st nt] 美 [st nt] n. 一段特定的时间
11.evident adj. 不言自明的
12.navigate英 [ n v ɡe t] 美 [ n v ɡe t] v. 应对（某种复杂状况）
13.defend英 [d fend] 美 [d fend] v. 辩护，捍卫（某人的立场或行为）
14.circulate英 [ s kj le t] 美 [ s r kj le t] v. 流传，传播
15.dismay英 [d sme ] 美 [d sme ] n. 沮丧，失望，惊慌，震惊
【词块学习】
请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。
1.snowballing effect 滚雪球效应
2.be/become engulfed in crisis over ...某个事物因某些原因深陷危机
3.insufficient response to回应力度不够
4.a great stint of holiday 一段很棒的假期时光
5.It has been clear that ...某件事（道理）无需多言、不言自明
6.It is in the best interests of某件事（对某人来说）是最有利的、是最优解
7.lead a campaign against组织或领导反对某个人、某种政策、某种观点的运动
8.what they described as ...他们口中的、所描述的
9.There are signs that ...有迹象表明……
【全文翻译】
在不断发酵的抄袭指控下，哈佛大学校长辞职
哈佛大学校长克劳丁·盖伊（Claudine Gay）宣布辞职。此前，她因被指控抄袭，以及被一些人认为在哈马斯10月7日袭击以色列后未能对校园反犹主义作出全面回应，任期陷入危机。盖伊将成为哈佛大学自1636年建校以来任期最短的校长。
盖伊在她的辞职声明中表示，在与哈佛大学管理机构——哈佛董事会（Harvard Corporation）的成员进行磋商后，“我选择辞职显然是对哈佛最有利的做法，以便我们的校园社群能够专注于学府本身而非个人，共同应对这个非同寻常、充满挑战的时刻。”与此同时，53岁的盖伊为她的学术记录进行了辩护，并表示自己成为了高度个人化的、种族主义的攻击目标。
在盖伊辞职之前，针对她的最新抄袭指控，通过发表在《华盛顿自由灯塔》上的一份匿名投诉流传开来。该杂志是一份保守派在线期刊，在过去几周里领导了一场针对盖伊的声讨运动。
在哈佛校园内，一些人对这场运动感到深深的失望——用他们的话说，这是“一场受政治动机驱使的运动，既是针对盖伊博士，从更广泛的意义上说也是针对整个高等教育界”。
有迹象表明，此次争议事件可能已经损害了哈佛大学的声誉。校方在上月表示，2023年秋季，申请提前录取的学生人数下降了约17%，该校的提前录取政策能让申请者在当年12月而非次年3月，得知录取决定。
拓展练习阅读理解参考答案
31.C 32.A 33.A 34.B