2024届高三下学期英语培优外刊阅读学案 健康话题（含答案）

高三英语培优外刊阅读
班级：____________学号：____________姓名：____________
外刊精选｜为什么越来越多成年人开始服用“多动症”药物？
近来在国内社交平台上，越来越多受注意力涣散、习惯性拖延等问题困扰的成年人，分享了自己确诊“多动症”并积极治疗的经历。有人甚至调侃称“因为确诊而如释重负”，终于找到了自己注意力难以集中的原因。与此同时，一份美国食品药品监督管理局的调查显示，疫情以来，ADHD（也就是我们常说的“多动症”）的治疗人数和用药量激增。为什么越来越多的成年人确诊了“多动症”？这种现象有哪些益处，又有什么隐患？
Use of A.D.H.D. Drugs Surged During Pandemic, Study Finds
By Matt Richtel
Prescriptions for drugs used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder surged during the coronavirus pandemic, particularly among women and patients ages 20 to 39, according to new research compiled by scholars affiliated with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
The reasons are not totally clear, the researchers found, and could include pandemic-related stress, recognition of undiagnosed cases, over-prescription and online marketing of medications.
The study's authors noted that social media might have played a role in the increase in A.D.H.D. prescriptions. Stephen Hinshaw, a professor of psychology at the University of California, Berkeley, and an expert on A.D.H.D., said that the "TikTok phenomenon" and other social media platforms almost certainly led to some over-prescription of medications owing in part to "quick and dirty" self-diagnoses through online questionnaires, along with easier access to online prescriptions of stimulants.
But one benefit, he said, is that social media may have enabled many people to recognize that they had untreated A.D.H.D. This may be particularly true of women, he added, as they come to understand that A.D.H.D. is not just a "boy's disease," as it has long been characterized.
【词汇过关】
请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。
1.surge v. _______________________________
2.prescription英 [pr skr p n] 美 [pr skr p n] n. _______________________________
3.attention n_______________________________
4.deficit n._______________________________
5.hyperactivity n. _______________________________
6.disorder n. _______________________________
7.compile英 [k m pa l] 美 [k m pa l] v. _______________________________
8.affiliate英 [ f lie t] 美 [ f lie t] v. _______________________________
9.recognition英 [ rek ɡ n n] 美 [ rek ɡ n n] n. _______________________________
10.note英 [n t] 美 [no t] v. _______________________________
11.medication英 [ med ke n] 美 [ med ke n] n. _______________________________
12.owe英 [ ] 美 [o ] v._______________________________
13.dirty adj. _______________________________
14.stimulant英 [ st mj l nt] 美 [ st mj l nt] n._______________________________
15.benefit英 [ ben f t] 美 [ ben f t] n._______________________________
16.untreated英 [ n tri t d] 美 [ n tri t d] adj. _______________________________
【词块学习】
请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。
1._______________________________某物的使用量暴增
2._______________________________ 处方药
3._______________________________注意缺陷障碍；多动症（简称：A.D.H.D）
4._______________________________由某人编纂而成
5._______________________________附属于某个机构
6._______________________________过度开药
7._______________________________ 反应过度
8._______________________________ 刺激过度
9._______________________________（虚拟语气）表示对过去发生的事情的一种猜测
10._______________________________ A是导致B发生的原因
11._______________________________ 归因于
12._______________________________快速而粗糙的
13._______________________________ 快餐式内容的充斥
14._______________________________在线问卷
15._______________________________以......为特点
拓展练习阅读理解
Anew study reports that a mosquito’s sense of smell is more complicated than we once thought. And it may explain why this annoying insect is so good at seeking you out at a barbecue or in your bedroom and biting you—as well as lead to new strategies to prevent the potentially deadly diseases transmitted by its bite.
Meg Younger, a neuroscientist at Boston University, is co-author of the study. She exhales(呼气)gently into one of the mosquito-filled cages. A waft of carbon dioxide blows across the insects, and they go wild. “And now, they’re looking fora target like the complex mixture of human body smell—a smell that’s attractive to the mosquitoes,” Younger explains.
In many parts of the world, this attraction isn’t merely an annoyance for humans. It’s a major health problem. Mosquitoes transmit diseases to humans. These diseases include dengue, Zika, chikungunya fever and malaria. The last disease alone causes over half a million deaths each year.
So scientists have attempted to break this attraction. But try as they might, the little mosquito has resisted. “They’re really good at what they do,” Younger says. Most of what we know about the neuroscience of smell comes from mice and fruit flies, where the wiring is fairly simple. Each neuron(神经元) in the nose has one kind of receptor(感受器) that detects a single kind of smell—say, a banana. And all the neurons with receptors for the banana smell connect to the same part of the brain. Younger and the others studied mosquito brains, where she found that each neuron has multiple receptors that can detect multiple smells.
This work could give researchers additional ways to battle the insects like developing traps that contain new smell mixtures that are more appealing than people.
“It’s an enormous study,” says Josefina del Marmol, a neurobiologist at the Harvard Medical School. She says there’s more work to be done to check. neuron by neuron, that each one actually responds to all the smells it has receptors for. But regarding the central finding, she says, “It really does change a lot about what we know of how insects perceive the world.”
26.Why does Younger exhale into a mosquito-filled cage
A.To keep targeted mosquitoes alive. B.To confuse the experimented mosquitoes.
C.To experiment on mosquitoes’ sense of smell. D.To see if breath contributes to disease transmission.
27.How do mosquitoes differ from fruit flies
A.They have a clearer smell mechanism. B.They have more neurons to detect smells.
C.They have bigger brain parts focusing on smell. D.They have more smell receptors in each neuron.
28.What is the significance of the study
A.It may have found an ideal way to study insects.
B.It inspires new methods to prevent mosquito bites.
C.It proves the previous assumption about mosquitoes.
D.It sheds light on how mosquitoes transmit diseases.
29.What does Josefina del Marmol think of the research finding
A.It is a big step forward. B.It has many weaknesses.
C.It is far from impressive. D.It has a worldwide influence.
外刊精选答案
【词汇过关】
请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。
1.surge v. 激增（to suddenly increase）
2.prescription英 [pr skr p n] 美 [pr skr p n] n. （本文）处方药；开处方
3.attention n. 注意力
4.deficit n. 缺乏
5.hyperactivity n. 活跃过度
6.disorder n. 失调、紊乱
7.compile英 [k m pa l] 美 [k m pa l] v. 汇编，搜集
8.affiliate英 [ f lie t] 美 [ f lie t] v. 附属
9.recognition英 [ rek ɡ n n] 美 [ rek ɡ n n] n. 承认，识别
10.note英 [n t] 美 [no t] v. （本文）指出
11.medication英 [ med ke n] 美 [ med ke n] n. 药物
12.owe英 [ ] 美 [o ] v. 归因于
13.dirty adj. （本文）不精细的
14.stimulant英 [ st mj l nt] 美 [ st mj l nt] n. 兴奋剂
15.benefit英 [ ben f t] 美 [ ben f t] n. 利益，好处
16.untreated英 [ n tri t d] 美 [ n tri t d] adj. 未被治愈的
【词块学习】
请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。
1.(the) use of something surge某物的使用量暴增
2.prescription drugs / medications 处方药
3.attention deficit hyperactivity disorder注意缺陷障碍；多动症（简称：A.D.H.D）
4.be compiled by someone 由某人编纂而成
5.be affiliated with some institution 附属于某个机构
6.over-prescription过度开药
7.over-reaction 反应过度
8.over-stimulation 刺激过度
9.might have done something（虚拟语气）表示对过去发生的事情的一种猜测
10.A play a role in B A是导致B发生的原因
11.owe to 归因于
12.quick and dirty快速而粗糙的（指一种权宜之计，有效但不完美，可能存在缺陷）
13.quick and dirty bursts of content 快餐式内容的充斥
14.online questionnaire在线问卷
15.be characterized以......为特点
【全文翻译】
研究发现，疫情期间治疗“多动症”的药物使用量激增
美国食品药品监督管理局下属学者编纂的一项新研究显示，新冠疫情期间，用于治疗多动症的药物处方量激增，这一现象在女性患者和年龄为20至39岁之间的患者中尤为明显。（译者注：attention deficit hyperactivity disorder，缩写为A.D.H.D.，即“注意缺陷多动障碍”，俗称“多动症”。）
研究人员表示，这一现象的原因尚未明确，可能与疫情相关的压力、对未确诊病例的识别、过度开药和药物的线上推广有关。
该研究的作者指出，社交媒体可能对于多动症处方的增加产生了作用。加州大学伯克利分校（University of California, Berkeley）心理学教授、多动症专家斯蒂芬·欣肖（Stephen Hinshaw）说，可以较为肯定的是，“抖音现象”和其他社交媒体平台会导致一定程度的过度用药，部分原因是用户可以通过在线问卷进行“简单粗暴”的自我诊断，也更容易通过线上开方获得兴奋剂一类的药物。（译者注：中枢兴奋剂类药物是治疗ADHD常用的药物，能够提高患者的专注力。）
但他同时表示，有一个好处是，社交媒体可能使许多人认识到自己患有未经治疗的多动症。他补充道，对女性来说可能尤其如此，因为她们开始意识到，多动症不只是男性会患的疾病，而长期以来人们一直认为它是一种“男孩疾病”。
拓展练习阅读理解参考答案
26.C 27.D 28.B 29.A