2024届高三下学期英语培优外刊阅读学案 性格话题（含答案）
文档属性
| 名称 | 2024届高三下学期英语培优外刊阅读学案 性格话题（含答案） |  | |
| 格式 | docx | ||
| 文件大小 | 20.8KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-05-19 20:35:42 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
高三英语培优外刊阅读
班级：____________学号：____________姓名：____________
外刊精选｜学会做人？做一个带给别人温暖的人
人际关系一切皆在“分寸”之间：太拘谨会显得疏远，太热情又显得越界。《纽约时报》资深记者大卫·布鲁克斯在过去四年中致力于深入探寻“理解他人”和“被他人理解”的本质内涵。他写道，真正的社交技巧，不是一味地向他人敞开心扉，而在于你能否成为一位优秀的倾听者、关怀者、启迪者。跟随他的视角，我们试图追问：为什么要学习理解他人？如何放下对他人的抗拒，做一个温暖的人？
The Essential Skills for Being Human
By David Brooks
Whether it was nature or nurture, I grew into a person who was a bit detached, which was good for a career in journalism but not for emotional availability or a joyous life. In truth, I was a practiced escape artist. If you revealed some vulnerable intimacy to me, I was good at making meaningful eye contact with your shoes and then excusing myself to keep a vitally important appointment with my dry cleaner.
Life has a way of tenderizing you, though. I'm not an exceptional person, but I am a grower.
I have learned something profound along the way. Being openhearted is a prerequisite for being a full, kind and wise human being. But it is not enough. People need social skills: being curious about other people; disagreeing without poisoning relationships; revealing vulnerability at an appropriate pace; being a good listener; knowing how to ask for and offer forgiveness; knowing how to host a gathering where everyone feels embraced; knowing how to see things from another's point of view.
In any collection of humans, there are diminishers and there are illuminators. Diminishers are so into themselves; they make others feel insignificant. They stereotype and label. If they learn one thing about you, they proceed to make a series of assumptions about who you must be.
Illuminators, on the other hand, have a persistent curiosity about other people. They have been trained or have trained themselves in the craft of understanding others. They know how to ask the right questions at the right times — so that they can see things, at least a bit, from another's point of view. They shine the brightness of their care on people and make them feel bigger, respected, lit up.
A person who radiates warmth will bring out the glowing sides of the people he meets, while a person who conveys formality can meet the same people and find them stiff and detached. "Attention," the psychiatrist Iain McGilchrist writes, "is a moral act: It creates, brings aspects of things into being."
【词汇过关】
请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。
1.essential英 [ sen l] 美 [ sen l] adj. _______________________________
2.essence n. _______________________________
3.nature英 [ ne t ] 美 [ ne t r] n. _______________________________
4.nurture英 [ n t ] 美 [ n rt r] n. ___________________；v.________________
5.detached英 [d t t t] 美 [d t t t] adj. _______________________________
6.detach v. _______________________________
7.attach v. _______________________________
8.detachable adj. _______________________________
9.attached adj. _______________________________
10.available adj. _______________________________
11.practiced英 [ pr kt st] 美 [ pr kt st] adj. _______________________________
12.practice v. _______________________________
13.reveal英 [r vi l] 美 [r vi l] v. _______________________________
14.vulnerable英 [ v ln r bl] 美 [ v ln r bl] adj_______________________________
15.intimacy英 [ nt m si] 美 [ nt m si] n. _______________________________
16.tenderize英 [ tend ra z] 美 [ tend ra z] v. _______________________________
17.tender adj. _______________________________
18.prerequisite英 [ pri rekw z t] 美 [ pri rekw z t] n. _______________________________
19.poison英 [ p z n] 美 [ p z n] v. _______________________________
20.embrace英 [ m bre s] 美 [ m bre s] v._______________________________
21.diminisher英 [d m n ] 美 [d m n r] n. _______________________________
22.diminish v. _______________________________
23.illuminator英 [ 'lju:m ne t ] 美 [ 'lju:m ne t r] n. _______________________________
24.illuminate v. _______________________________
25.stereotype英 [ steri ta p] 美 [ steri ta p] v. ________________；n. ____________
26.label英 [ le bl] 美 [ le bl] v.________________；n. __________________
27.intimate adj. _______________________________
28.persistent英 [p s st nt] 美 [p r s st nt] adj. _______________________________
29.radiate英 [ re die t] 美 [ re die t] v. _______________________________
30.formality英 [f m l ti] 美 [f m l ti] n. _______________________________
【词块学习】
请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。
1._______________________________与人保持情感沟通、建立情感联系的能力
2._______________________________逃避大师；表演脱逃的艺人，脱身术表演者
3._______________________________ A（总）有办法能......
4._______________________________一群（a group of）
5._______________________________过于简化的观点
6._______________________________带有偏见的态度
7._______________________________ 没有经过辩证思考的判断
8._______________________________对......做出假设、判断
9._______________________________使显现，使表现出
10._______________________________使......存在，把......变为现实
拓展练习阅读理解
Moon dust is the absolute worst. Not only does electrostatics (静电) cause it to stick to virtually everything, but it also has the consistency and feel of finely ground fiberglass. It was a genuine problem for the six Apollo crews who visited the moon’s surface — moon dust covered their suits, worked their way into engines and electronics, and even ruined a few of their extremely expensive spacesuits.
These are all serious issues to consider ahead of NASA’S planned return to the moon’s surface in 2025, but a team of college undergraduates at Washington State University just developed a solution to moon dust — spraying liquid nitrogen (氮) onto moon dust. The team developed a new spray that takes advantage of the Leidenfrost effect. Named after its discoverer, an 18th-century German doctor Johann Gottlob Leidenfrost, it occurs when a liquid comes into close contact with a significantly hotter surface, causing it to quickly form a protective layer of vapor (蒸汽) that briefly keeps it from evaporating, such as when water forms into drops and runs across a very hot frying nan. The same principle works similarly in space. In this case, a liquid nitrogen spray (typically around -320℉) comes into contact with a surface’s relatively warmer lunar dust coating, causing the particles to turn into things like drops and float away on the nitrogen vapors.
To test their spray, the research team first dressed a Barbie doll wrapped with a material used to make spacesuits. They then sprayed it with liquid nitrogen in a normal atmospheric condition as well as the circumstances similar to outer space. Not only did the liquid nitrogen spray perform better in the latter circumstances, but also it only resulted in minimal damage to the spacesuit material. In past lunar missions, astronauts’ specialized brushes for the moon dust task often caused damage to spacesuits after a single use. In comparison, the liquid nitrogen spray took 75 uses before similar issues occurred.
Going forward, the team hopes to further research the complexity that makes the cleaning process so effective, as well as secure funding to construct testing rooms more closely resembling the lunar surface’s gravity. With any luck, maybe a can of their Moon-Dust-Gone will be aboard a future Artemis mission, ready to help astronauts avoid one of the lunar surface’s annoying things.
22.Why does the author mention “Apollo” in the first paragraph
A.To prove moon dust is a real headache.
B.To compare past and present moon programs.
C.To show the achievements in moon exploration.
D.To offer readers insights into the Apollo program.
23.What does the underlined word “particles” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A.Liquid waste. B.Moon dust. C.Nitrogen spray. D.Protective coating.
24.What did the research team find about their spray in Paragraph 3
A.It belonged to single-use items for astronauts.
B.It performed better in normal atmospheric conditions.
C.It increased the strength of the material of spacesuits.
D.It protected spacesuits better compared with the brush.
25.What may the follow-up research of the spray focus on
A.Test subjects. B.Complex lunar surface.
C.Other applications. D.Reasons for efficient cleaning.
【全文翻译】
做人的必备技能
不管是天性使然还是后天教化，总之我成长为了一个有点疏离的人。这种疏离感对于从事新闻工作是有利的，但是在表达情感或收获幸福的层面，则相反。事实上，我是个经验丰富的“逃避大师”。如果你对我展现出卸下防备的亲密行为，我就会用力地盯着你的鞋子，然后找个和干洗店有约的借口逃之夭夭。
不过，生活总有办法让你变得温柔。我虽然不算是个杰出的人，但我会让自己不断成长。
一路走来，我学到了一些深刻的东西。要成为一个完整、善良、明智的人，敞开心扉是先决条件。但仅仅这样是不够的。人们需要社交技能：对他人感到好奇；在不损害关系的情况下表达异议；在恰当的时间展示自己的弱点；做一个好的倾听者；知道如何请求或给予原谅；能组织一个让所有人都能融入其中的聚会；懂得站在他人的角度看待问题。
在任何一个群体中，都会有“贬低者”和“启迪者”这两种人。贬低者太过关注自己；他们让别人感到渺小。他们会依靠刻板印象将他人标签化。如果他们了解了你的一件事，就会转而对你是怎样的人作出一系列假设。
相反，启迪者则对别人有着持久的好奇心。他们学习过或自学过理解他人的技巧。他们知道如何在恰当的时间问出恰当的问题，这样至少在一定程度上，可以从别人的角度看待事物。启迪者用充满关怀的光芒照亮他人，使他人感到自己更重要、受尊重、光芒四射。
一个散发温暖的人会让他遇见的人焕发光彩，而一个喜欢“端着”的人与同一批人相遇，则会觉得对方生硬冷漠。精神科医生伊恩·麦吉尔克里斯特（Iain McGilchrist）写道：“关心是一种道德行为：它具有创造性，能够使事物的各个方面得以展现。”
外刊精选答案
【词汇过关】
请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。
1.essential英 [ sen l] 美 [ sen l] adj. 基本的，根本的；必要的，必不可少的
2.essence n. 本质，要素
3.nature英 [ ne t ] 美 [ ne t r] n. 本性，天性
4.nurture英 [ n t ] 美 [ n rt r] n. 后天的教养；v. 养育，培养
5.detached英 [d t t t] 美 [d t t t] adj. 疏离的
6.detach v. 分离，脱离（separate from）
7.attach v. 把......附在......上，附属
8.detachable adj. 可拆卸的
9.attached adj. 依赖的，依恋的
10.available adj. 可获得的，可触达的，可调用的
11.practiced英 [ pr kt st] 美 [ pr kt st] adj. 经验丰富的
12.practice v. 实践，实操
13.reveal英 [r vi l] 美 [r vi l] v. 展现，暴露出
14.vulnerable英 [ v ln r bl] 美 [ v ln r bl] adj. 容易受伤害的，脆弱的
15.intimacy英 [ nt m si] 美 [ nt m si] n. 亲密
16.tenderize英 [ tend ra z] 美 [ tend ra z] v. 使......变得柔软、温柔
17.tender adj. 柔软的，温柔的
18.prerequisite英 [ pri rekw z t] 美 [ pri rekw z t] n. 前提，先决条件
19.poison英 [ p z n] 美 [ p z n] v. 伤害，损害
20.embrace英 [ m bre s] 美 [ m bre s] v. 接纳，接受；拥抱
21.diminisher英 [d m n ] 美 [d m n r] n. 贬低者
22.diminish v. 减少，贬低
23.illuminator英 [ 'lju:m ne t ] 美 [ 'lju:m ne t r] n. 启迪者
24.illuminate v. 照亮；启发（enlighten）
25.stereotype英 [ steri ta p] 美 [ steri ta p] v. 对......形成模式化的看法；n. 刻板印象
26.label英 [ le bl] 美 [ le bl] v. 贴标签；n. 标签
27.intimate adj. 亲密的
28.persistent英 [p s st nt] 美 [p r s st nt] adj. 持续的，持久的
29.radiate英 [ re die t] 美 [ re die t] v. 发射，发散
30.formality英 [f m l ti] 美 [f m l ti] n. 固定流程，例行公事
【词块学习】
请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。
1.emotional availability与人保持情感沟通、建立情感联系的能力
2.escape artist逃避大师；表演脱逃的艺人，脱身术表演者
3.A (always) has a way of doing somehting A（总）有办法能......
4.a collection of一群（a group of）
5.oversimplified opinion 过于简化的观点
6.prejudiced attitude 带有偏见的态度
7.uncritical judgment 没有经过辩证思考的判断
8.make assumptions about something对......做出假设、判断
9.bring out使显现，使表现出
10.bring something into being使......存在，把......变为现实
拓展练习阅读理解参考答案
22.A 23.B 24.D 25.D
班级：____________学号：____________姓名：____________
外刊精选｜学会做人？做一个带给别人温暖的人
人际关系一切皆在“分寸”之间：太拘谨会显得疏远，太热情又显得越界。《纽约时报》资深记者大卫·布鲁克斯在过去四年中致力于深入探寻“理解他人”和“被他人理解”的本质内涵。他写道，真正的社交技巧，不是一味地向他人敞开心扉，而在于你能否成为一位优秀的倾听者、关怀者、启迪者。跟随他的视角，我们试图追问：为什么要学习理解他人？如何放下对他人的抗拒，做一个温暖的人？
The Essential Skills for Being Human
By David Brooks
Whether it was nature or nurture, I grew into a person who was a bit detached, which was good for a career in journalism but not for emotional availability or a joyous life. In truth, I was a practiced escape artist. If you revealed some vulnerable intimacy to me, I was good at making meaningful eye contact with your shoes and then excusing myself to keep a vitally important appointment with my dry cleaner.
Life has a way of tenderizing you, though. I'm not an exceptional person, but I am a grower.
I have learned something profound along the way. Being openhearted is a prerequisite for being a full, kind and wise human being. But it is not enough. People need social skills: being curious about other people; disagreeing without poisoning relationships; revealing vulnerability at an appropriate pace; being a good listener; knowing how to ask for and offer forgiveness; knowing how to host a gathering where everyone feels embraced; knowing how to see things from another's point of view.
In any collection of humans, there are diminishers and there are illuminators. Diminishers are so into themselves; they make others feel insignificant. They stereotype and label. If they learn one thing about you, they proceed to make a series of assumptions about who you must be.
Illuminators, on the other hand, have a persistent curiosity about other people. They have been trained or have trained themselves in the craft of understanding others. They know how to ask the right questions at the right times — so that they can see things, at least a bit, from another's point of view. They shine the brightness of their care on people and make them feel bigger, respected, lit up.
A person who radiates warmth will bring out the glowing sides of the people he meets, while a person who conveys formality can meet the same people and find them stiff and detached. "Attention," the psychiatrist Iain McGilchrist writes, "is a moral act: It creates, brings aspects of things into being."
【词汇过关】
请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。
1.essential英 [ sen l] 美 [ sen l] adj. _______________________________
2.essence n. _______________________________
3.nature英 [ ne t ] 美 [ ne t r] n. _______________________________
4.nurture英 [ n t ] 美 [ n rt r] n. ___________________；v.________________
5.detached英 [d t t t] 美 [d t t t] adj. _______________________________
6.detach v. _______________________________
7.attach v. _______________________________
8.detachable adj. _______________________________
9.attached adj. _______________________________
10.available adj. _______________________________
11.practiced英 [ pr kt st] 美 [ pr kt st] adj. _______________________________
12.practice v. _______________________________
13.reveal英 [r vi l] 美 [r vi l] v. _______________________________
14.vulnerable英 [ v ln r bl] 美 [ v ln r bl] adj_______________________________
15.intimacy英 [ nt m si] 美 [ nt m si] n. _______________________________
16.tenderize英 [ tend ra z] 美 [ tend ra z] v. _______________________________
17.tender adj. _______________________________
18.prerequisite英 [ pri rekw z t] 美 [ pri rekw z t] n. _______________________________
19.poison英 [ p z n] 美 [ p z n] v. _______________________________
20.embrace英 [ m bre s] 美 [ m bre s] v._______________________________
21.diminisher英 [d m n ] 美 [d m n r] n. _______________________________
22.diminish v. _______________________________
23.illuminator英 [ 'lju:m ne t ] 美 [ 'lju:m ne t r] n. _______________________________
24.illuminate v. _______________________________
25.stereotype英 [ steri ta p] 美 [ steri ta p] v. ________________；n. ____________
26.label英 [ le bl] 美 [ le bl] v.________________；n. __________________
27.intimate adj. _______________________________
28.persistent英 [p s st nt] 美 [p r s st nt] adj. _______________________________
29.radiate英 [ re die t] 美 [ re die t] v. _______________________________
30.formality英 [f m l ti] 美 [f m l ti] n. _______________________________
【词块学习】
请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。
1._______________________________与人保持情感沟通、建立情感联系的能力
2._______________________________逃避大师；表演脱逃的艺人，脱身术表演者
3._______________________________ A（总）有办法能......
4._______________________________一群（a group of）
5._______________________________过于简化的观点
6._______________________________带有偏见的态度
7._______________________________ 没有经过辩证思考的判断
8._______________________________对......做出假设、判断
9._______________________________使显现，使表现出
10._______________________________使......存在，把......变为现实
拓展练习阅读理解
Moon dust is the absolute worst. Not only does electrostatics (静电) cause it to stick to virtually everything, but it also has the consistency and feel of finely ground fiberglass. It was a genuine problem for the six Apollo crews who visited the moon’s surface — moon dust covered their suits, worked their way into engines and electronics, and even ruined a few of their extremely expensive spacesuits.
These are all serious issues to consider ahead of NASA’S planned return to the moon’s surface in 2025, but a team of college undergraduates at Washington State University just developed a solution to moon dust — spraying liquid nitrogen (氮) onto moon dust. The team developed a new spray that takes advantage of the Leidenfrost effect. Named after its discoverer, an 18th-century German doctor Johann Gottlob Leidenfrost, it occurs when a liquid comes into close contact with a significantly hotter surface, causing it to quickly form a protective layer of vapor (蒸汽) that briefly keeps it from evaporating, such as when water forms into drops and runs across a very hot frying nan. The same principle works similarly in space. In this case, a liquid nitrogen spray (typically around -320℉) comes into contact with a surface’s relatively warmer lunar dust coating, causing the particles to turn into things like drops and float away on the nitrogen vapors.
To test their spray, the research team first dressed a Barbie doll wrapped with a material used to make spacesuits. They then sprayed it with liquid nitrogen in a normal atmospheric condition as well as the circumstances similar to outer space. Not only did the liquid nitrogen spray perform better in the latter circumstances, but also it only resulted in minimal damage to the spacesuit material. In past lunar missions, astronauts’ specialized brushes for the moon dust task often caused damage to spacesuits after a single use. In comparison, the liquid nitrogen spray took 75 uses before similar issues occurred.
Going forward, the team hopes to further research the complexity that makes the cleaning process so effective, as well as secure funding to construct testing rooms more closely resembling the lunar surface’s gravity. With any luck, maybe a can of their Moon-Dust-Gone will be aboard a future Artemis mission, ready to help astronauts avoid one of the lunar surface’s annoying things.
22.Why does the author mention “Apollo” in the first paragraph
A.To prove moon dust is a real headache.
B.To compare past and present moon programs.
C.To show the achievements in moon exploration.
D.To offer readers insights into the Apollo program.
23.What does the underlined word “particles” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A.Liquid waste. B.Moon dust. C.Nitrogen spray. D.Protective coating.
24.What did the research team find about their spray in Paragraph 3
A.It belonged to single-use items for astronauts.
B.It performed better in normal atmospheric conditions.
C.It increased the strength of the material of spacesuits.
D.It protected spacesuits better compared with the brush.
25.What may the follow-up research of the spray focus on
A.Test subjects. B.Complex lunar surface.
C.Other applications. D.Reasons for efficient cleaning.
【全文翻译】
做人的必备技能
不管是天性使然还是后天教化，总之我成长为了一个有点疏离的人。这种疏离感对于从事新闻工作是有利的，但是在表达情感或收获幸福的层面，则相反。事实上，我是个经验丰富的“逃避大师”。如果你对我展现出卸下防备的亲密行为，我就会用力地盯着你的鞋子，然后找个和干洗店有约的借口逃之夭夭。
不过，生活总有办法让你变得温柔。我虽然不算是个杰出的人，但我会让自己不断成长。
一路走来，我学到了一些深刻的东西。要成为一个完整、善良、明智的人，敞开心扉是先决条件。但仅仅这样是不够的。人们需要社交技能：对他人感到好奇；在不损害关系的情况下表达异议；在恰当的时间展示自己的弱点；做一个好的倾听者；知道如何请求或给予原谅；能组织一个让所有人都能融入其中的聚会；懂得站在他人的角度看待问题。
在任何一个群体中，都会有“贬低者”和“启迪者”这两种人。贬低者太过关注自己；他们让别人感到渺小。他们会依靠刻板印象将他人标签化。如果他们了解了你的一件事，就会转而对你是怎样的人作出一系列假设。
相反，启迪者则对别人有着持久的好奇心。他们学习过或自学过理解他人的技巧。他们知道如何在恰当的时间问出恰当的问题，这样至少在一定程度上，可以从别人的角度看待事物。启迪者用充满关怀的光芒照亮他人，使他人感到自己更重要、受尊重、光芒四射。
一个散发温暖的人会让他遇见的人焕发光彩，而一个喜欢“端着”的人与同一批人相遇，则会觉得对方生硬冷漠。精神科医生伊恩·麦吉尔克里斯特（Iain McGilchrist）写道：“关心是一种道德行为：它具有创造性，能够使事物的各个方面得以展现。”
外刊精选答案
【词汇过关】
请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。
1.essential英 [ sen l] 美 [ sen l] adj. 基本的，根本的；必要的，必不可少的
2.essence n. 本质，要素
3.nature英 [ ne t ] 美 [ ne t r] n. 本性，天性
4.nurture英 [ n t ] 美 [ n rt r] n. 后天的教养；v. 养育，培养
5.detached英 [d t t t] 美 [d t t t] adj. 疏离的
6.detach v. 分离，脱离（separate from）
7.attach v. 把......附在......上，附属
8.detachable adj. 可拆卸的
9.attached adj. 依赖的，依恋的
10.available adj. 可获得的，可触达的，可调用的
11.practiced英 [ pr kt st] 美 [ pr kt st] adj. 经验丰富的
12.practice v. 实践，实操
13.reveal英 [r vi l] 美 [r vi l] v. 展现，暴露出
14.vulnerable英 [ v ln r bl] 美 [ v ln r bl] adj. 容易受伤害的，脆弱的
15.intimacy英 [ nt m si] 美 [ nt m si] n. 亲密
16.tenderize英 [ tend ra z] 美 [ tend ra z] v. 使......变得柔软、温柔
17.tender adj. 柔软的，温柔的
18.prerequisite英 [ pri rekw z t] 美 [ pri rekw z t] n. 前提，先决条件
19.poison英 [ p z n] 美 [ p z n] v. 伤害，损害
20.embrace英 [ m bre s] 美 [ m bre s] v. 接纳，接受；拥抱
21.diminisher英 [d m n ] 美 [d m n r] n. 贬低者
22.diminish v. 减少，贬低
23.illuminator英 [ 'lju:m ne t ] 美 [ 'lju:m ne t r] n. 启迪者
24.illuminate v. 照亮；启发（enlighten）
25.stereotype英 [ steri ta p] 美 [ steri ta p] v. 对......形成模式化的看法；n. 刻板印象
26.label英 [ le bl] 美 [ le bl] v. 贴标签；n. 标签
27.intimate adj. 亲密的
28.persistent英 [p s st nt] 美 [p r s st nt] adj. 持续的，持久的
29.radiate英 [ re die t] 美 [ re die t] v. 发射，发散
30.formality英 [f m l ti] 美 [f m l ti] n. 固定流程，例行公事
【词块学习】
请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。
1.emotional availability与人保持情感沟通、建立情感联系的能力
2.escape artist逃避大师；表演脱逃的艺人，脱身术表演者
3.A (always) has a way of doing somehting A（总）有办法能......
4.a collection of一群（a group of）
5.oversimplified opinion 过于简化的观点
6.prejudiced attitude 带有偏见的态度
7.uncritical judgment 没有经过辩证思考的判断
8.make assumptions about something对......做出假设、判断
9.bring out使显现，使表现出
10.bring something into being使......存在，把......变为现实
拓展练习阅读理解参考答案
22.A 23.B 24.D 25.D