2024届高三英语下学期冲刺复习专项：高考满分七选五专题 课件(共32张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2024届高三英语下学期冲刺复习专项：高考满分七选五专题 课件(共32张PPT) |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2024-05-19 23:06:17 | ||
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文档简介
(共32张PPT)
高考英语
满分七选五技巧
题型分析
01
信息还原题题型介绍
信息还原题又叫句子还原题，即一篇短文中的五个句子被摘出,打乱顺序后与另外两个句子置于短文之后。考生根据短文内容,从短文后的七个句子中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。也因此被习惯性称为“七选五”。
该题型是英语阅读理解考试常用题型，它主要考查考生理解语篇上下文逻辑关系的能力。命题过程中，空格设置分别分布在段首、段中或段尾。当空格设在段首时，主要考核考生对段落主旨如小标题或段落主题句的把握。而段中句往往是衔接句，起到承上启下的作用。位于段尾的句子，一般是总结句，总结全段或开启下一段。
解题步骤
鉴于考生考场时间紧张，未必有时间全文精读，建议考生按以下四个步骤进行答题：
第一步：快速浏览标题或首段以及每段第一句，了解文本的话题、基本结构、主题或大意。
第二步：精读每个选项，读懂句意，并圈出体现上下文逻辑关系的提示词，例如指代不明的代词、连词、数词等。
第三步：通读文章，重点关注空格前后的句子，并答题。阅读空格前后的句子时也同样要关注体现上下文逻辑关系的提示词。将七个选项的关键词与五个空的前后句中的提示词进行比对，寻找相关性，利用词汇衔接、逻辑衔接、句法结构等各种衔接手段来确定答案。做题时先易后难，把最容易最明显的答案先选出，这样有区分度的题的答案范围就得以缩小，题目难度降低，这样各个击破，逐一还原每个空格。
第四步：带答案阅读原文，验证答案。将确定的选项代入原文，检查还原后的文章是否在整体上具有连贯性和一致性，在意义与逻辑上都保持通顺。
解题技巧
这种题型主要考核考生对上下文逻辑关系的把握，所以，在做题过程中，考生应该重点关注并用好各种体现句间或段落间逻辑连贯性的表达。考生可以重点从语法、词汇、段落主题以及文章大意等维度来审题并快速确定答案。下图全面展示了众多能够帮助考生快速定位答案的信息还原技巧。
技巧 1：找准代词指代，确定邻句相关性
People with healthy self-esteem don’t need to boast about themselves to others. People with low self-esteem may tell you how much everyone loves them, what a great job they do at work, and how amazing they are at pretty everything under the sun even though they really wonder if it’s true. People may see them as obnoxious or“full of themselves”.People with a healthy level of self-esteem present themselves with a casual confidence. They are not shy about sharing ideas, including constructive criticisms of others. They also take care of themselves without second-guessing or apologizing. They are the people who we say seem“sure of themselves”.
该题答案中的people即为空格后一句中的主语They所指代的名词。原作者在写作过程中，为了避免重复，经常用代词指代前文已经提及的人或事，因此，代词是阅读过程中非常常用的一个体现句间逻辑的语法手段。
技巧2：巧用连词，定位前后句逻辑关系
Professor Jerald has made a scientific study of lying. According to him, women are better liars than men, particularly when telling a“white lie”, such as when a woman at a party tells another woman that she likes her dress when she really thinks it looks terrible. However, this is only one side of the story.Other researchers say that men are more likely to tell serious lies, such as making a promise which they have no intention of carrying out. This is the kind of lie politicians and businessmen are supposed to be particularly skilled at: the lie from which the liar hopes to pro t or gain in some day.
该题前文的 women are better liars than men 与空格后的 men are more likely to tell serious lies 需要答案 However, this is only one side of the story. 来使其转折关系成立。连词是最明显体现句子间或段落间逻辑关系。考生在阅读逻辑过程中一定要关注连词的使用，理解连词提示的前后句的逻辑关系。
技巧3：用好数词同现原则，快速缩小答案范围
The Olympic Games have expanded from 241 to more than 10000 competitors since the original reestablishment in Athens with the 1896 Games.Dozens of additions and changes have been made in the Olympic program since 1896, with almost 100 events being added since 1980 alone. Although enthusiasts of many activities hope to see their avocations become Olympic sports, only a few receive one of the coveted slots in the Olympic program. How Are Sports Chosen for the Olympics
该空前一句中的数词1896明显提示着答案，因为答案中也有1896。作者在写作过程中如果要用到数词，为了达到一定的写作效果，往往会多个数词连着使用。因此，如果选项中有数词，考生可以考虑缩小范围，观察有没有空格前后还有数词尤其是同类别的或相似的数词。
技巧4：用好主语一致原则，减少干扰项
If you’re starting to think you may have low self-esteem, you can work on the way you talk to yourself. When you turn off negative self-talk, you can open the floor to positive reinforcements and access the courage to show different sides of yourself. It isn’t going to feel good at rst, though. Keep going until it becomes less and less and maybe even a few awkward laughs in the mirror may help. With some practice and persistence, you will win this internal struggle to see your self-worth.
本段每一句话的主语均为you，空格前一句省去了主语，但因为是祈使句，省去的主语也是you，与该题答案的主语也是you。全段主语一致。一般情况下，作者在写作过程中，为确保写作的紧凑性和连贯性，不会轻易更换主语。因此，主语一致也是一个非常好用的信息还原技巧。
技巧5：关注句型特点，句以类聚找答案
Much of the work in today’s world is accomplished（完成）in teams. Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals. Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top panies spend millions hiring top business people. Is their money well spent
该题答案Companies spend millions hiring top business people.与前一句Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent.为同样的句子结构的并列使用。排比句是说明文常用的写作方式，也是命题者青睐的挖空位置。考生要关注空格前后的句型或句子结构，一旦发现有两句或多句并列或排比，就可以轻松确定该题答案。
技巧6：放大阅读“聚焦”，识破段落结构定答案
Some words sound like what they mean. And they could influence everything from fictional depictions of aliens to your rst impression on a job application. But most words have no apparent connection to what they signify. As the linguist Steven Pinker puts it, we call a dog“dog”because everyone else does. And that’s how it has to be. It would overwhelm our senses if every word we spoke came with a deeper meaning.
如果考生能相对宏观一点审题，看到本段三个位置的关键词，即：some words, most words, every word等，考生就一定能快速定位答案。因为这样的关键词显然构成了本段非常紧凑的段落结构。有时候考生在答题过程中，因为视角过于微小，逐词逐句地阅读，忽略了明显的提示词。因此考生在阅读过程中要灵活收放视角或聚焦，及时看到命题者命题过程中留下的答题依据或提示词。否则，容易迷失在选项或字词间。
技巧7：查询变形关键词，复现暗示答案
Pexman also examines how people’s names could affect their chances of being chosen after an interview.“We have videos of people being interviewed for jobs and we will manipulate the names of those candidates before others evaluate them,”she says. “What’s in a name ”William Shakespeare asked us in Romeo and Juliet.“That which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet.”Well, perhaps not.
该题答案选项中的interview与后一句的interviewed为同一关键词的不同形式。关键词复现是作者写作过程中体现前后逻辑连贯性的常用方法。关注这样的复现，有助于考生快速锁定答案。
技巧8：研读空格前后句，理清句间逻辑
However, in serious cases of low or even non-existent self-esteem, you may want to call in a professional or a specialist. Good mental health is important, and professionals doing psychotherapy do not pass judgement or give corrections. This encourages you to speak openly without worry. It is the best way to get at the roots of your real self-esteem problems.
该题空格前一句提到的专业心理医生的做法引出答案的encourages you to speak openly without worry，而答案又暗示后一句It is the best way to get at the roots of your real self-esteem problems.这样三句话自成逻辑。事实上，写作本身就是“话赶话”，作者通过非常严密的逻辑形成一段文字或一篇文章。要想真正选对答案，对于有区分度的试题，非常有必要读懂句子或文段所传递的语义。
注意事项
1.慧眼辨识干扰项
信息还原题的干扰项一般是两项，即选项比答案多出的两句话。命题者在命题的时候会从相关文本或原文删除的其他位置的文本拿出两句话对五个空格中的两个空进行干扰。因此从原作者视角来看，干扰项永远不会是答案。但因为干扰项的一些特点，往往很有迷惑性，让考生举棋不定或是掉入陷阱。因此考生有必要了解干扰项的特点。干扰项的整体特点就是形似神不似：干扰项往往是给那些不能真正读懂文本的考生设置的。
如果不能读懂，就不能得分，这样试题才能起到其该有的甄别和筛选功能。读不懂文本的考生往往会关注形式，比如前后句一模一样的关键词，或同样代词且指代不一致的代词，看后句互相解释或重复表达的句子，看似有关实际偏离主题的句子，与前一句能搭配且与后一句无相关性的句子等。考生在日常学习过程中要关注这样的干扰项特点，透过现象看本质，通过文字表层含义看深意，排除干扰项，锁定答案。
2.走出答题误区，降低出错概率
信息还原题其实是客观题，命题者只是把原文拿走五句话，打乱顺序并放进两句干扰项。有的考生之所以不能把信息还原主要是因为做题有误区，主要体现如下：
误区1：没有了解文本话题或大致框架结构，就直接看空选答案。这样胸无成竹，阅读理解跑偏了还不自知。
误区2：在阅读过程中，视角过于微观，逐词阅读，忽略选项的特点，只见树木不见森林。误区3：没有读懂七个选项就开始答题，这样必然容易选中形似神不似的干扰项。
误区4：顾头不顾尾，只看空格前一句或只看空格后一句，且不知命题者可能刻意安排这样单项自洽且不是答案的干扰项。
备考建议
1.总结归纳信号词，培养举一反三的能力
为了提高得分率，很多考生盲目地进行刷题练习。事实上，刷题是必要不充分的。如果盲目地做题，并不进行归纳总结或反思，那么除了增加做题熟练程度外不会有其他作用。考生一定要培养在阅读过程中关注上文中显性或隐性的体现上下文逻辑连贯的语言，并不断归纳总结例题中出现过的体现逻辑性的技巧及具体的表达法。比如，掌握常见连词：and, but, yet, while, or, since, though, considering, now that等在文中的使用，之后在信息还原题中看到这些连词的时候，关注到它们的可能性就会增加。
2.研究说明文及段落写作方式，学会从原作者视角审题
鉴于信息还原题主要为说明文，因此分析常见说明文的写作方法和写作框架至关重要。了解说明文的写作方法有助于考生从原作者视角去思考问题。常见说明文第一段往往会交代说明对象，而中间的几段经常呈并列或递进的方式来围绕说明对象展开说明，文章最后一段往往是总结。常见的说明文段落写作方式则是首尾句为主旨句或总结句，中间分别是解释说明、举例论证、数据论证等。了解这样的说明文写作方式才能帮助考生从原作者视角审题，让答题更快更准。
3.用好jigsaw reading（拼图式阅读法）,培养句间段落间逻辑连贯的意识和能力
考生可以将一篇文章以句子为单位彻底打乱顺序并还原。这样的练习可以全面培养考试阅读理解逻辑连贯意识和能力。考生在还原全篇的过程中，需要排列组合每一句话，每一段，关注每一句话与前后句的关系，每一段与前后段的逻辑关系。这样的练习才能真正培养出考生逻辑连贯意识和能力。
模拟练习
02
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Forgetfulness can be a normal part of aging. ____11____ As a result, some people may notice that it takes longer to learn new things; they don’t remember information as well as they did, or they lose things like their glasses, cellphones or other small items. These are usually signs of mild forgetfulness, not serious memory problems.____12____ For example, medication side effects, vitamin B12 shortage, alcoholism, tumors(肿瘤) or infections in the brain can cause memory loss. A doctor should treat serious medical conditions like these as soon as possible.
Emotional problems, such as stress, anxiety or depression, can make a person more forgetful. For instance, someone who has recently retired or who is coping with the death of a relative or a friend may feel sad, lonely or worried. ____13____The confusion and forgetfulness caused by emotions are usually temporary and go away when the feelings fade. The emotional problems can be eased by supportive friends and family. ____14____ Treatment may include counseling, medication or both.If you’re concerned that you or someone you know has a serious memory problem, talk with your doctor. ____15____ Health care professionals can recommend ways to manage the problem or make suggestions on treatment or services that might help you out.
A. Consider participating in clinical trials or studies.B. It’s advisable to have health issues treated in time.C. He or she can diagnose the problem or refer you to a specialist.D. But if they last for a long time, it is necessary to get help from a doctor.E. Some memory problems are related to health issues that may be treatable.F. As people get older, changes occur in all parts of the body, including the brain.G. Trying to deal with these life changes leaves some people confused or forgetful.
【答案】11. F 12. E 13. G 14. D 15. C【解析】这是一篇说明文。健忘是衰老的正常表现。随着年龄的增长，身体的各个部位都会发生变化，包括大脑。一些记忆问题与健康问题有关，而这些健康问题是可以治疗的。文章介绍了应对之法。11.根据前文Forgetfulness can be a normal part of aging.可知，健忘是衰老的正常表现。再根据下文As a result, some people may notice that it takes longer to learn new things; they don’t remember information as well as they did, or they lose things like their glasses, cellphones or other small items.(因此，一些人可能会注意到学习新事物需要更长的时间；他们记信息的能力不如以前，或者他们丢失了眼镜、手机或其他小东西。)，F项：As people get older, changes occur in all parts of the body, including the brain.(随着年龄的增长，身体的各个部位都会发生变化，包括大脑。)承上启下。故选F。12.根据后文For example, medication side effects, vitamin B12 shortage, alcoholism, tumors(肿瘤) or infections in the brain can cause memory loss.(例如，药物副作用、维生素B12缺乏、酗酒、肿瘤或脑部感染都会导致记忆丧失。)，E项：Some memory problems are related to health issues that may be treatable.(一些记忆问题与健康问题有关，而这些健康问题是可以治疗的。)符合文意。故选E。
13.根据前文For instance, someone who has recently retired or who is coping with the death of a relative or a friend may feel sad, lonely or worried.(例如，一个最近退休的人，或者一个正在应对亲人或朋友死亡的人，可能会感到悲伤、孤独或担忧。)，G项：Trying to deal with these life changes leaves some people confused or forgetful.(试图应对这些生活变化会让一些人感到困惑或健忘。)符合文意。故选G项。14.根据前文The emotional problems can be eased by supportive friends and family.(支持你的朋友和家人可以缓解你的情绪问题。)，再根据下文Treatment may include counseling, medication or both.(治疗可能包括咨询、药物治疗或两者兼而有之。)，D项：But if they last for a long time, it is necessary to get help from a doctor.(但是如果它们持续很长时间，有必要从医生那里得到帮助。)承接上下文。故选D。15.根据前文If you’re concerned that you or someone you know has a serious memory problem, talk with your doctor.(如果你担心你或你认识的人有严重的记忆问题，和你的医生谈谈。)，C项：He or she can diagnose the problem or refer you to a specialist.(他或她可以诊断出这个问题，或者把你介绍给专家。)符合文意。故选C。
How to Cultivate Confidence When faced with a big challenge where potential failure seems to appear at every corner maybe you'll hear this advice: "Be more confident.".___16___Take the belief that you are valuable, worthwhile, and capable, also known as self-esteem. Confidence turns thoughts into action. It comes from the genes you are born with, the way people get used to treating you as well as the choices you make. While it isn't possible to completely separate these three factors, the personal choices we make obviously play a major role in confidence development. As a result, by keeping in mind certain practical tips, we do actually have the power to cultivate our own confidence.___17___lf you're looking for a long-term change, consider the way you think about your abilities and talents. Do you think they are fixed at birth, or that they can be developed These beliefs mater because they can influence how you act in the face of setbacks. if you have a fixed mindset, meaning that your talents are locked in pace, you might give up, assuming you've discovered something you're not good at. But if you have a growth mindset, and think your abilities can improve, a challenge will become an opportunity to learn and grow. Neuroscience(神经学）supports the Jatter. The connections in your brain do get stronger and grow with study and practice.___18___
Practicing failure is a must. Failure happens.___19___. J.K. Rowling was rejected by twelve different publishers before one picked up Harry Potter. The Wright Brothers built on history's failed attempts at flight before designing a successful airplane. Studies show that those who fail regularly and keep trying anyway are better equipped to respond to challenges in a constructive way. ___20___So, think of a challenge you want to take on, realize it's not going to be easy, accept that you'll make mistakes, and be kind to yourself when you do. You'll feel the excitement, knowing that whatever the result, you'll have gained greater knowledge and understanding.
A. But what is confidence B. So can confidence be easily cultivated C. Everyone is possible to encounter failure.D. Being a talented person is quite necessary.E. They learn to try different strategies and persevereF. Believing in your abilities to improve is the first step.G t also turns out that people with a growth mindset are better at dealing with challenges
【答案】16. A 17. F 18. G 19. C 20. E【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章就如何培养自信给出了方法，首先要相信自己，其次要明白失败是人生常事。16.根据上文中的 "Be more confident" 及文章标题可知，此处是在讲述要自信，故接下来的话题也与自信相关。A项意为“但什么是自信 ”，承接上文，符合语境。故选A项。17.根据上文的As a result, by keeping in mind certain practical tips, we do actually have the power to cultivate our own confidence. 和下文 lf you're looking for a longterm change, consider the way you think about your abilities and talents. 可知，有一些实用的小技巧来培养自信，如果你想寻求长期的改变，想想你对自己能力和才能的看法。F项意为“相信自己有能力提高是第一步”，承上启下，符合语境。故选F项。
18.根据上文 The connections in your brain do get stronger and grow with study and practice. 可知，你大脑中的联系会随着学习和实践而增强和增长，即成长型的思维模式会使人进步。G项意为“事实证明，具有成长型思维模式的人更善于应对挑战”，承接上文，符合语境。故选G项。19.根据文章最后一段前两句 Practicing failure is a must. Failure happens. 可知，失败是常常发生的，故接下来也是关于失败的内容。C项意为“每个人都可能遭遇失败”，承接上文，符合语境。故选C项。20.根据上文的Studies show that those who fail regularly and keep trying anyway are better equipped to respond to challenges in a constructive way. 可知，那些经常失败并且坚持尝试的人，更有能力以建设性的方式应对挑战，故此处与坚持相关。E项意为“他们学会尝试不同的策略并持之以恒”，承接上文，符合语境，该句中的they指代前句的those who fail regularly and keep trying。故选E项。
thanks
高考英语
满分七选五技巧
题型分析
01
信息还原题题型介绍
信息还原题又叫句子还原题，即一篇短文中的五个句子被摘出,打乱顺序后与另外两个句子置于短文之后。考生根据短文内容,从短文后的七个句子中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。也因此被习惯性称为“七选五”。
该题型是英语阅读理解考试常用题型，它主要考查考生理解语篇上下文逻辑关系的能力。命题过程中，空格设置分别分布在段首、段中或段尾。当空格设在段首时，主要考核考生对段落主旨如小标题或段落主题句的把握。而段中句往往是衔接句，起到承上启下的作用。位于段尾的句子，一般是总结句，总结全段或开启下一段。
解题步骤
鉴于考生考场时间紧张，未必有时间全文精读，建议考生按以下四个步骤进行答题：
第一步：快速浏览标题或首段以及每段第一句，了解文本的话题、基本结构、主题或大意。
第二步：精读每个选项，读懂句意，并圈出体现上下文逻辑关系的提示词，例如指代不明的代词、连词、数词等。
第三步：通读文章，重点关注空格前后的句子，并答题。阅读空格前后的句子时也同样要关注体现上下文逻辑关系的提示词。将七个选项的关键词与五个空的前后句中的提示词进行比对，寻找相关性，利用词汇衔接、逻辑衔接、句法结构等各种衔接手段来确定答案。做题时先易后难，把最容易最明显的答案先选出，这样有区分度的题的答案范围就得以缩小，题目难度降低，这样各个击破，逐一还原每个空格。
第四步：带答案阅读原文，验证答案。将确定的选项代入原文，检查还原后的文章是否在整体上具有连贯性和一致性，在意义与逻辑上都保持通顺。
解题技巧
这种题型主要考核考生对上下文逻辑关系的把握，所以，在做题过程中，考生应该重点关注并用好各种体现句间或段落间逻辑连贯性的表达。考生可以重点从语法、词汇、段落主题以及文章大意等维度来审题并快速确定答案。下图全面展示了众多能够帮助考生快速定位答案的信息还原技巧。
技巧 1：找准代词指代，确定邻句相关性
People with healthy self-esteem don’t need to boast about themselves to others. People with low self-esteem may tell you how much everyone loves them, what a great job they do at work, and how amazing they are at pretty everything under the sun even though they really wonder if it’s true. People may see them as obnoxious or“full of themselves”.People with a healthy level of self-esteem present themselves with a casual confidence. They are not shy about sharing ideas, including constructive criticisms of others. They also take care of themselves without second-guessing or apologizing. They are the people who we say seem“sure of themselves”.
该题答案中的people即为空格后一句中的主语They所指代的名词。原作者在写作过程中，为了避免重复，经常用代词指代前文已经提及的人或事，因此，代词是阅读过程中非常常用的一个体现句间逻辑的语法手段。
技巧2：巧用连词，定位前后句逻辑关系
Professor Jerald has made a scientific study of lying. According to him, women are better liars than men, particularly when telling a“white lie”, such as when a woman at a party tells another woman that she likes her dress when she really thinks it looks terrible. However, this is only one side of the story.Other researchers say that men are more likely to tell serious lies, such as making a promise which they have no intention of carrying out. This is the kind of lie politicians and businessmen are supposed to be particularly skilled at: the lie from which the liar hopes to pro t or gain in some day.
该题前文的 women are better liars than men 与空格后的 men are more likely to tell serious lies 需要答案 However, this is only one side of the story. 来使其转折关系成立。连词是最明显体现句子间或段落间逻辑关系。考生在阅读逻辑过程中一定要关注连词的使用，理解连词提示的前后句的逻辑关系。
技巧3：用好数词同现原则，快速缩小答案范围
The Olympic Games have expanded from 241 to more than 10000 competitors since the original reestablishment in Athens with the 1896 Games.Dozens of additions and changes have been made in the Olympic program since 1896, with almost 100 events being added since 1980 alone. Although enthusiasts of many activities hope to see their avocations become Olympic sports, only a few receive one of the coveted slots in the Olympic program. How Are Sports Chosen for the Olympics
该空前一句中的数词1896明显提示着答案，因为答案中也有1896。作者在写作过程中如果要用到数词，为了达到一定的写作效果，往往会多个数词连着使用。因此，如果选项中有数词，考生可以考虑缩小范围，观察有没有空格前后还有数词尤其是同类别的或相似的数词。
技巧4：用好主语一致原则，减少干扰项
If you’re starting to think you may have low self-esteem, you can work on the way you talk to yourself. When you turn off negative self-talk, you can open the floor to positive reinforcements and access the courage to show different sides of yourself. It isn’t going to feel good at rst, though. Keep going until it becomes less and less and maybe even a few awkward laughs in the mirror may help. With some practice and persistence, you will win this internal struggle to see your self-worth.
本段每一句话的主语均为you，空格前一句省去了主语，但因为是祈使句，省去的主语也是you，与该题答案的主语也是you。全段主语一致。一般情况下，作者在写作过程中，为确保写作的紧凑性和连贯性，不会轻易更换主语。因此，主语一致也是一个非常好用的信息还原技巧。
技巧5：关注句型特点，句以类聚找答案
Much of the work in today’s world is accomplished（完成）in teams. Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals. Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top panies spend millions hiring top business people. Is their money well spent
该题答案Companies spend millions hiring top business people.与前一句Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent.为同样的句子结构的并列使用。排比句是说明文常用的写作方式，也是命题者青睐的挖空位置。考生要关注空格前后的句型或句子结构，一旦发现有两句或多句并列或排比，就可以轻松确定该题答案。
技巧6：放大阅读“聚焦”，识破段落结构定答案
Some words sound like what they mean. And they could influence everything from fictional depictions of aliens to your rst impression on a job application. But most words have no apparent connection to what they signify. As the linguist Steven Pinker puts it, we call a dog“dog”because everyone else does. And that’s how it has to be. It would overwhelm our senses if every word we spoke came with a deeper meaning.
如果考生能相对宏观一点审题，看到本段三个位置的关键词，即：some words, most words, every word等，考生就一定能快速定位答案。因为这样的关键词显然构成了本段非常紧凑的段落结构。有时候考生在答题过程中，因为视角过于微小，逐词逐句地阅读，忽略了明显的提示词。因此考生在阅读过程中要灵活收放视角或聚焦，及时看到命题者命题过程中留下的答题依据或提示词。否则，容易迷失在选项或字词间。
技巧7：查询变形关键词，复现暗示答案
Pexman also examines how people’s names could affect their chances of being chosen after an interview.“We have videos of people being interviewed for jobs and we will manipulate the names of those candidates before others evaluate them,”she says. “What’s in a name ”William Shakespeare asked us in Romeo and Juliet.“That which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet.”Well, perhaps not.
该题答案选项中的interview与后一句的interviewed为同一关键词的不同形式。关键词复现是作者写作过程中体现前后逻辑连贯性的常用方法。关注这样的复现，有助于考生快速锁定答案。
技巧8：研读空格前后句，理清句间逻辑
However, in serious cases of low or even non-existent self-esteem, you may want to call in a professional or a specialist. Good mental health is important, and professionals doing psychotherapy do not pass judgement or give corrections. This encourages you to speak openly without worry. It is the best way to get at the roots of your real self-esteem problems.
该题空格前一句提到的专业心理医生的做法引出答案的encourages you to speak openly without worry，而答案又暗示后一句It is the best way to get at the roots of your real self-esteem problems.这样三句话自成逻辑。事实上，写作本身就是“话赶话”，作者通过非常严密的逻辑形成一段文字或一篇文章。要想真正选对答案，对于有区分度的试题，非常有必要读懂句子或文段所传递的语义。
注意事项
1.慧眼辨识干扰项
信息还原题的干扰项一般是两项，即选项比答案多出的两句话。命题者在命题的时候会从相关文本或原文删除的其他位置的文本拿出两句话对五个空格中的两个空进行干扰。因此从原作者视角来看，干扰项永远不会是答案。但因为干扰项的一些特点，往往很有迷惑性，让考生举棋不定或是掉入陷阱。因此考生有必要了解干扰项的特点。干扰项的整体特点就是形似神不似：干扰项往往是给那些不能真正读懂文本的考生设置的。
如果不能读懂，就不能得分，这样试题才能起到其该有的甄别和筛选功能。读不懂文本的考生往往会关注形式，比如前后句一模一样的关键词，或同样代词且指代不一致的代词，看后句互相解释或重复表达的句子，看似有关实际偏离主题的句子，与前一句能搭配且与后一句无相关性的句子等。考生在日常学习过程中要关注这样的干扰项特点，透过现象看本质，通过文字表层含义看深意，排除干扰项，锁定答案。
2.走出答题误区，降低出错概率
信息还原题其实是客观题，命题者只是把原文拿走五句话，打乱顺序并放进两句干扰项。有的考生之所以不能把信息还原主要是因为做题有误区，主要体现如下：
误区1：没有了解文本话题或大致框架结构，就直接看空选答案。这样胸无成竹，阅读理解跑偏了还不自知。
误区2：在阅读过程中，视角过于微观，逐词阅读，忽略选项的特点，只见树木不见森林。误区3：没有读懂七个选项就开始答题，这样必然容易选中形似神不似的干扰项。
误区4：顾头不顾尾，只看空格前一句或只看空格后一句，且不知命题者可能刻意安排这样单项自洽且不是答案的干扰项。
备考建议
1.总结归纳信号词，培养举一反三的能力
为了提高得分率，很多考生盲目地进行刷题练习。事实上，刷题是必要不充分的。如果盲目地做题，并不进行归纳总结或反思，那么除了增加做题熟练程度外不会有其他作用。考生一定要培养在阅读过程中关注上文中显性或隐性的体现上下文逻辑连贯的语言，并不断归纳总结例题中出现过的体现逻辑性的技巧及具体的表达法。比如，掌握常见连词：and, but, yet, while, or, since, though, considering, now that等在文中的使用，之后在信息还原题中看到这些连词的时候，关注到它们的可能性就会增加。
2.研究说明文及段落写作方式，学会从原作者视角审题
鉴于信息还原题主要为说明文，因此分析常见说明文的写作方法和写作框架至关重要。了解说明文的写作方法有助于考生从原作者视角去思考问题。常见说明文第一段往往会交代说明对象，而中间的几段经常呈并列或递进的方式来围绕说明对象展开说明，文章最后一段往往是总结。常见的说明文段落写作方式则是首尾句为主旨句或总结句，中间分别是解释说明、举例论证、数据论证等。了解这样的说明文写作方式才能帮助考生从原作者视角审题，让答题更快更准。
3.用好jigsaw reading（拼图式阅读法）,培养句间段落间逻辑连贯的意识和能力
考生可以将一篇文章以句子为单位彻底打乱顺序并还原。这样的练习可以全面培养考试阅读理解逻辑连贯意识和能力。考生在还原全篇的过程中，需要排列组合每一句话，每一段，关注每一句话与前后句的关系，每一段与前后段的逻辑关系。这样的练习才能真正培养出考生逻辑连贯意识和能力。
模拟练习
02
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Forgetfulness can be a normal part of aging. ____11____ As a result, some people may notice that it takes longer to learn new things; they don’t remember information as well as they did, or they lose things like their glasses, cellphones or other small items. These are usually signs of mild forgetfulness, not serious memory problems.____12____ For example, medication side effects, vitamin B12 shortage, alcoholism, tumors(肿瘤) or infections in the brain can cause memory loss. A doctor should treat serious medical conditions like these as soon as possible.
Emotional problems, such as stress, anxiety or depression, can make a person more forgetful. For instance, someone who has recently retired or who is coping with the death of a relative or a friend may feel sad, lonely or worried. ____13____The confusion and forgetfulness caused by emotions are usually temporary and go away when the feelings fade. The emotional problems can be eased by supportive friends and family. ____14____ Treatment may include counseling, medication or both.If you’re concerned that you or someone you know has a serious memory problem, talk with your doctor. ____15____ Health care professionals can recommend ways to manage the problem or make suggestions on treatment or services that might help you out.
A. Consider participating in clinical trials or studies.B. It’s advisable to have health issues treated in time.C. He or she can diagnose the problem or refer you to a specialist.D. But if they last for a long time, it is necessary to get help from a doctor.E. Some memory problems are related to health issues that may be treatable.F. As people get older, changes occur in all parts of the body, including the brain.G. Trying to deal with these life changes leaves some people confused or forgetful.
【答案】11. F 12. E 13. G 14. D 15. C【解析】这是一篇说明文。健忘是衰老的正常表现。随着年龄的增长，身体的各个部位都会发生变化，包括大脑。一些记忆问题与健康问题有关，而这些健康问题是可以治疗的。文章介绍了应对之法。11.根据前文Forgetfulness can be a normal part of aging.可知，健忘是衰老的正常表现。再根据下文As a result, some people may notice that it takes longer to learn new things; they don’t remember information as well as they did, or they lose things like their glasses, cellphones or other small items.(因此，一些人可能会注意到学习新事物需要更长的时间；他们记信息的能力不如以前，或者他们丢失了眼镜、手机或其他小东西。)，F项：As people get older, changes occur in all parts of the body, including the brain.(随着年龄的增长，身体的各个部位都会发生变化，包括大脑。)承上启下。故选F。12.根据后文For example, medication side effects, vitamin B12 shortage, alcoholism, tumors(肿瘤) or infections in the brain can cause memory loss.(例如，药物副作用、维生素B12缺乏、酗酒、肿瘤或脑部感染都会导致记忆丧失。)，E项：Some memory problems are related to health issues that may be treatable.(一些记忆问题与健康问题有关，而这些健康问题是可以治疗的。)符合文意。故选E。
13.根据前文For instance, someone who has recently retired or who is coping with the death of a relative or a friend may feel sad, lonely or worried.(例如，一个最近退休的人，或者一个正在应对亲人或朋友死亡的人，可能会感到悲伤、孤独或担忧。)，G项：Trying to deal with these life changes leaves some people confused or forgetful.(试图应对这些生活变化会让一些人感到困惑或健忘。)符合文意。故选G项。14.根据前文The emotional problems can be eased by supportive friends and family.(支持你的朋友和家人可以缓解你的情绪问题。)，再根据下文Treatment may include counseling, medication or both.(治疗可能包括咨询、药物治疗或两者兼而有之。)，D项：But if they last for a long time, it is necessary to get help from a doctor.(但是如果它们持续很长时间，有必要从医生那里得到帮助。)承接上下文。故选D。15.根据前文If you’re concerned that you or someone you know has a serious memory problem, talk with your doctor.(如果你担心你或你认识的人有严重的记忆问题，和你的医生谈谈。)，C项：He or she can diagnose the problem or refer you to a specialist.(他或她可以诊断出这个问题，或者把你介绍给专家。)符合文意。故选C。
How to Cultivate Confidence When faced with a big challenge where potential failure seems to appear at every corner maybe you'll hear this advice: "Be more confident.".___16___Take the belief that you are valuable, worthwhile, and capable, also known as self-esteem. Confidence turns thoughts into action. It comes from the genes you are born with, the way people get used to treating you as well as the choices you make. While it isn't possible to completely separate these three factors, the personal choices we make obviously play a major role in confidence development. As a result, by keeping in mind certain practical tips, we do actually have the power to cultivate our own confidence.___17___lf you're looking for a long-term change, consider the way you think about your abilities and talents. Do you think they are fixed at birth, or that they can be developed These beliefs mater because they can influence how you act in the face of setbacks. if you have a fixed mindset, meaning that your talents are locked in pace, you might give up, assuming you've discovered something you're not good at. But if you have a growth mindset, and think your abilities can improve, a challenge will become an opportunity to learn and grow. Neuroscience(神经学）supports the Jatter. The connections in your brain do get stronger and grow with study and practice.___18___
Practicing failure is a must. Failure happens.___19___. J.K. Rowling was rejected by twelve different publishers before one picked up Harry Potter. The Wright Brothers built on history's failed attempts at flight before designing a successful airplane. Studies show that those who fail regularly and keep trying anyway are better equipped to respond to challenges in a constructive way. ___20___So, think of a challenge you want to take on, realize it's not going to be easy, accept that you'll make mistakes, and be kind to yourself when you do. You'll feel the excitement, knowing that whatever the result, you'll have gained greater knowledge and understanding.
A. But what is confidence B. So can confidence be easily cultivated C. Everyone is possible to encounter failure.D. Being a talented person is quite necessary.E. They learn to try different strategies and persevereF. Believing in your abilities to improve is the first step.G t also turns out that people with a growth mindset are better at dealing with challenges
【答案】16. A 17. F 18. G 19. C 20. E【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章就如何培养自信给出了方法，首先要相信自己，其次要明白失败是人生常事。16.根据上文中的 "Be more confident" 及文章标题可知，此处是在讲述要自信，故接下来的话题也与自信相关。A项意为“但什么是自信 ”，承接上文，符合语境。故选A项。17.根据上文的As a result, by keeping in mind certain practical tips, we do actually have the power to cultivate our own confidence. 和下文 lf you're looking for a longterm change, consider the way you think about your abilities and talents. 可知，有一些实用的小技巧来培养自信，如果你想寻求长期的改变，想想你对自己能力和才能的看法。F项意为“相信自己有能力提高是第一步”，承上启下，符合语境。故选F项。
18.根据上文 The connections in your brain do get stronger and grow with study and practice. 可知，你大脑中的联系会随着学习和实践而增强和增长，即成长型的思维模式会使人进步。G项意为“事实证明，具有成长型思维模式的人更善于应对挑战”，承接上文，符合语境。故选G项。19.根据文章最后一段前两句 Practicing failure is a must. Failure happens. 可知，失败是常常发生的，故接下来也是关于失败的内容。C项意为“每个人都可能遭遇失败”，承接上文，符合语境。故选C项。20.根据上文的Studies show that those who fail regularly and keep trying anyway are better equipped to respond to challenges in a constructive way. 可知，那些经常失败并且坚持尝试的人，更有能力以建设性的方式应对挑战，故此处与坚持相关。E项意为“他们学会尝试不同的策略并持之以恒”，承接上文，符合语境，该句中的they指代前句的those who fail regularly and keep trying。故选E项。
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