译林版（2020）必修第三册Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world Grammar and Usage 课件-（共75张PPT 内嵌动图）

(共75张PPT)
Verb-ed forms as attributives, adverbials and object complements
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
understand the meaning of verb-ed forms as attributives, adverbials and object complements;
summarize the grammatical rules of verb-ed forms as attributives, adverbials and object complements;
use verb-ed forms, verb-ing forms and to-infinitives to organize a paragraph based on the notes given.
Task1. Revision
定语
1.The people talking there are my friends.
2.Do you know anything about the new film being shot
3.This is an amazing achievement.
前置、后置
Tell what functions the following “verb-ing” forms work as.
1.I saw him playing football on the playground.
2.Someone observed the thief entering the bank .
3.I heard Tom singing the song.
4.I’ll get the car running.
宾语补足语
1.The volcano erupted, destroying the city of Pompeii.
2.Having a bad cold, Tom didn’t go to school yesterday.
3.Walking along the street, I saw an old friend.
4.Turning to the left, you’ll see the shop.
5.He sat in the sofa, reading a book.
6. Studying hard, he didn't pass the exam.
7.He earns a living driving a taxi.
状语
结果状语
原因状语
时间状语
条件状语
伴随状语
让步状语
方式状语
Task2. Lead in
1. Recall the forms of past participle.
过去分词的基本形式你知道吗？
那么简单，谁不知道。是由动词末尾加 -ed 形式构成，因此又叫动词的 -ed 形式。
V+-ed
drove
fought
ran
forgot
forgotten
became
blew
dealt
drew
mistook
caught
shrank
sang
drunk
flew
思考：什么是过去分词？
示例
一般 过去 过去分词 规则/不规则
dive dived dived 规则
fetch fetched fetched 规则
swell swelled swollen 不规则
see saw seen 不规则
过去分词______________
表被动/完成
The Little Match Girl
2. Read the following story and pay attention to the words in red.
It was snowing and very cold outside. A little girl was walking in the street, selling matches.
She didn’t wear any shoes because she had her shoes_____(lose).
lost
She wished all her matches (sell) but nobody bought a single one.
sold
She was so cold that she sat in a corner with her legs __________.
(huddle up 蜷缩在一起)
huddled up
She lit a match and saw a Christmas tree ________ (decorate)with many gifts.
decorated
The ______ (light) match was burning brightly and she seemed very delighted.
lighted
She lit another match and saw her grandmother. ________(take) by her grandmother, the little girl flew in brightness and in joy.
Taken
The next day, people saw the girl _______(freeze) to death. What a poor girl !
frozen
1.She didn’t wear any shoes because she had her shoes lost.
2.She wished all her matches sold but nobody bought a single one.
3.She was so cold that she sat in a corner with her legs huddled up .
4.She lit a match and saw a Christmas tree decorated with many gifts.
5.The lighted match was burning brightly and she seemed very delighted.
6.She lit another match and saw her grandmother.Taken by her grandmother, the little girl flew in brightness and in joy.
7.The next day, people saw the girl frozen to death. What a poor girl!
宾补
宾补
宾补
定语
定语
状语
What functions do the words in red work as
宾补
verb-ed forms as attributive
过去分词作定语
01
a closed door
a polluted river
a broken window
Find out the rules:
归纳1：单个过去分词作定语放于其修饰的名词之____。
前
an injured player
归纳2：过去分词短语作定语时，一般置于其修饰的名词之____，其作用相当于一个_________。
定语从句
后
1) It’s a picture __________ _____ painted by Leonardo da Vinci.
a picture painted by Leonardo da Vinci
that/which was
2) The lady________ ____ dressed in white is a famous star.
a lady dressed in white
that/who is
a. 及物动词的-ed形式作定语, 一般兼有被动和完成的意义。
b. 不及物动词的-ed形式作定语, 有主动和完成意义。
① a grown woman 一位成年妇女
② an escaped prisoner 一名逃犯
① a broken cup 一个破杯子
② a wounded soldier 一名伤员
注意
1.
the fallen leaves
the falling leaves
2.V-ing 表动作正在进行, V-ed 表动作已经完成。
the boiled water
正在沸腾的水
烧开过的水
the boiling water
正在升起的太阳
the rising sun
已经升起的太阳
the risen sun
3. 某些动词的过去分词已成为形容词，这类形容词多用来表示人物的心理特征或感情变化。常见的这类过去分词有：disappointed、moved、interested、surprised、shocked、puzzled、excited、frightened、worried、pleased等
常常修饰人以及look、expression、voice、smile等
1.The frightened baby kept crying.
2.From his excited look, I know he passed the examination.
Summary
1. 过去分词可用作______，修饰___________。
2. 单个分词通常放所修饰词_____；分词短语放在所修饰词______；其作用相当于一个_________。
3. （及物动词）的-ed形式作定语表__________ 或（不及物动词）完成。
4. 某些动词的过去分词已成为形容词，这类形容词常常修饰_____以及_______________________________等。
定语
名词或代词
之前
定语从句
之后
被动、完成
人
look、expression、voice、smile
过去分词强调动作___________,
不定式强调动作_____________,
现在分词强调动作_________________。
被动，完成
被动，将来
被动, 进行
Do and compare
过去分词（done）、现在分词的被动形式（being done)和不定式的被动形式（to be done)做定语的区别
The building built last year is our classroom building．
The building being built now is our classroom building．
The building to be built next month is our classroom building．
However, a lot of young people consider him as a true hero.Some young people had their hair _____like him.His cruel behavior even had so many people ________(沉迷其中).
cut
addicted
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
①The ____________ (excite) people rushed into the building.
②I have read plenty of books ______ (write)by Lu Xun.
③All the ____________ (break) windows have been repaired.
④She asked if there was anything _______(leave).
(2)补全句子
⑤Our class went on ___________________ last Monday.
上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。
⑥The players _______________________________are expected to bring us honour in this summer game.
人们期待这些从全国选拔出来的运动员在此次夏季比赛中能给我们带来荣誉。
excited
written
broken
an organized trip
selected from the whole country
left
verb-ed forms as adverbials
过去分词作状语
02
When water is heated, water turns into steam.
= heated, water turns into steam.
When
过去分词作时间状语
1.过去分词作时间状语
过去分词作时间状语时，相当于时间状语从句。可在过去分词前加上连词 “when, while, after” 等，使其时间意义更明确。
动词-ed形式（短语）作状语时，前面可以加一个连词，使动词-ed形式（短语）所表示的时间、让步、条件等关系更清楚。这类连词包括although, if, once, though, when, while,whenever,unless,as if,even though等。相当于状语从句的省略。
Because he was exhausted, he fell fast asleep.
= exhausted, he fell fast asleep.
Because
Exhausted
过去分词作原因状语
2.过去分词作原因状语
过去分词作原因状语时，可转换为由since, because或as引导的原因状语从句，这类状语多放在句子的前半部分。
If I am given a time machine , I will pay a visit to the future.
= given a time machine, I will pay a visit to the future.
If
过去分词作条件状语
3.过去分词作条件状语
过去分词作条件状语时，可转换为if, once或unless等引导的条件状语从句。
Although he was laughed at by others, he still smiles at life.
= laughed at by others, he still smiles at life.
Although
过去分词作让步状语
4.过去分词作让步状语
过去分词作让步状语时，相当于一个以though/although引导的让步状语从句。
The teacher went into the classroom, and she was followed by several students.
= The teacher went into the classroom, followed by several students.
过去分词作方式或伴随状语
5.过去分词作方式/伴随状语
过去分词作方式或伴随状语时，通常不能转换为状语从句，但可用并列分句代替。
对比：
The teacher went into the classroom, following several students.
[注意]有些动词-ed形式因为来源于系表结构,作状语时不表示被动而表示状态。这样的动词-ed形式及短语常见的有:seated(坐);hidden(躲);stationed(驻扎); lost/absorbed in(沉溺于);located(坐落于);dressed in(穿着);tired of(厌烦)等。如:
Lost in this beautiful town, he hates to leave it.
沉溺于这个美丽的小镇,他不愿离开它。
可以总结为be + ed -adj构成的短语做状语，用ed- adj表示主语的状态。
________(raise) in the poorest area of India, he had a long, hard road to become a football star.
Children, when ________________ (accompany) by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.
___________(found) in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring children’s love of art.
_____________(translate) into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.
Raised
accompanied
Founded
Translated
verb-ed forms as object complements
过去分词作宾语补足语
03
带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：
某些及物动词（如make等）
+
直接宾语（名词或代词）
+
宾语补足语
Everyone calls him
(宾语)
(宾补)
(主语)
(谓语)
Tom.
概念：什么是宾语补足语？
宾语补足语一般放在宾语_________, 对宾语起____________的作用。
之后
补充说明
He found his new bike______.(steal)
stolen
过去分词作宾语补足语，表示______ 或______ 的意义，有时候两者兼而有之。
被动
完成
小结1：
I saw him _______ by a dog. (bite)
bitten
Tom found all his money ________(steal) on his way home.
stolen
过去分词用在感官动词___________________
__________等之后示______________________。
小结2：
see, watch, feel, find,
hear, notice
感受到某人或某物被……
Jack had his hair _______ yesterday. (cut)
cut
I raised my voice to make myself _______. (hear)
heard
小结3：
过去分词用在__________________________等使役动词之后, 表示______________ 。
have, make, get, leave
“使/ 让 …被...”
He won’t like the problem _____________ at the meeting. (discuss）
discussed
The father wants his daughter ______dancing. (teach)
taught
小结4：
过去分词用于表示“_______________”等意义的词后， 如：_______________________等,表示______________________。
希望,愿望或要求
want, wish, like, expect, order
“希望/要求某人或某事被做”
With many flowers __________ around the
building, his house looks like a beautiful garden. (plant)
planted
The thief was brought in with his hands ________ behind his back.(tie)
tied
小结5：
过去分词用在“______ +宾语＋宾补”结构中。
with
Summary
这些词后常接V-ed作宾语补足语
*感官动词done作宾补与to do, doing作宾补的区别:
I saw him take away the dictionary just now.
(拿走了那本字典)
I saw him taking away the dictionary on the desk
. (正在拿那本字典)
I saw the dictionary taken away by a child.
(字典被拿走了)
不定式强调动作发生的_______。
现在分词强调他们之间的__________________。
过去分词强调他们之间的____________________。
全过程
主动关系, 正在进行
被动关系，已经完成
[即学即练4]　用所给词的适当形式填空
①(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)But that's how nature is—always leaving us
_____________ (astonish)．
②(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)They make great gifts and you see them many times (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
③Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car
(wash)．
astonished
decorated
washed
④Lucy has a great sense of humour and always keeps her colleagues (amuse) with her stories.
⑤With the problem (solve), the quality has been improved.
⑥The boss wouldn't like the topic (discuss) at the meeting.
⑦He wanted his name ____________ (include) in the list.
amused
solved
discussed
included
Exploring the rules
Find verb-ed forms in the article and fill in the table below. The first one has been done for you.
We should know the difference between verb-ed and the past form in the past tense.
Verb-ed form as an attributive something produced by the mould
Verb-ed form as an adverbial
Verb-ed form as an object complement
Surprised by this, Fleming performed some tests.
get its mass production started
the prepared mind
The results indicated that something produced by the mould had killed the bacteria.
What can you find out from the example sentences
谓语
非谓语
作定语修饰something, something与produced之间为被动关系
Surprised by this, Fleming performed some tests.
谓语
非谓语
过去分词做状语，描述主语状态
... his hard work and determination helped get its mass production started.
动词
非谓语
宾语与宾补为被动关系
作定语修饰mind, mind与prepared之间为被动关系
Fortune favours the prepared mind.
谓语
非谓语
Working out the rules
A verb-ed form can be used like an adjective or an adverb, indicating a(n) _____________ (active/passive) meaning.
A verb-ed form can appear before or after a noun. It modifies the noun like a(n) _____________ (relative clause/ adverbial clause).
A verb-ed form can be used as an adverbial or an object complement.
passive
relative clause
Applying the rules
Rewrite the following sentences using verb-ed forms as attributives, adverbials or object complements.
1. The scientist who has been highly praised won an award.
________________________________________________
2. The experiment that is mentioned in your article is interesting.
________________________________________________
3. The patients soon recovered because they were treated with the new medicine.
________________________________________________
The highly praised scientist won an award.
The experiment mentioned in your article is interesting.
Treated with the new medicine, the patients soon recovered.
B1
attributive
attributive
adverbial
4. The scientist found that the equipment in the laboratory had been destroyed.
________________________________________________
5. Once this report is finished, it will be very useful for future research.
_________________________________________________
The scientist found the equipment in the laboratory destroyed.
Once finished, this report will be very useful for future research.
B1
object complement
adverbial
Benjamin Franklin was a famous scientist, writer, printer, inventor and politician.As a scientist, he was well known for his kite experiment. The story goes like this: Franklin had found lightning (1) _________ (interest) for years, believing it was actually electricity. He designed an experiment to prove his theory.
He worked out that by flying a kite during a thunderstorm, electricity could go through the wet kite line down to the earth. (2) _________ (know) it was too dangerous to hold the wet line, Franklin held a silk ribbon (3) ____(tie) to the end of it. He made sure the silk ribbon stayed dry so that the electricity would not go throughhis body. Then he attached a metal key where the ribbon and kite line joined. When a thunderstorm approached, the lightning would charge the key. (4) _________ (conduct) on a stormy day in 1752, his experiment proved lightning was really just electricity.
Franklin had his theory (5) _________ (accept) by many people. However, some people questioned whether he had actually done the experiment, (6) _________ (argue) that if he had really done it, he would have received a deadly electric shock. Whatever the truth, Franklin did make contributions to the studies of electricity.
interesting
Knowing
tied
Conducted
accepted
arguing
B2
an object complement
an adverbial
an attributive
an adverbial
an object complement
an adverbial
1.a world-changing discovery一个改变世界的发现
2.be widely considered to be 被广泛认为是
3.the bacteria surrounding the mould在霉菌周围的细菌
4.surprised by this对此感到吃惊，做状语
5.something produced by the mould被霉菌产生的某个东西
6.be aware that 后接句子 意识到
he phrases on page 48
7.its mass production 它的批量生产
8.in the 1940s 在20世纪50年代
9.by accident=by chance 偶然地
10.be far from the truth 远非事实
11. get its mass production started使得青霉素批量生产得以开始
12.正如路易.巴斯德所说:“幸运眷顾有准备的人。”
1.be well known for sth.因为什么而闻名
2.work out找到什么的答案，解决，锻炼，计算出
3.go through通过，经历
4.make sure 确保
5.stay dry保持干燥
6.charge the key给风筝充电
the phrases on page 49
7.on a stormy day在一个暴风雨天stormy为storm的形容词，暴风雨的，猛烈的，激烈的
8.have the theory accepted使得理论被接受
9.receive a deadly electric shock受到致命的电击
10.whatever the truth不管真相如何
11.make contributions to sth为什么做出贡献
Finish the exercises on page 76 (textbook).
I. Rewrite the following sentences using verb-ed forms.
1. The museum which was built in 1900 is still in excellent
condition.
The museum _______________ is still in excellent condition.
2. The seats which are reserved for the disabled are just near the entrance.
The seats ______________________ are just near the entrance.
3. After he was encouraged by what Jane said, Peter walked to the centre of the stage.
__________________________, Peter walked to the centre of
the stage.
built in 1900
reserved for the disabled
Encouraged by what Jane said
page 76
4. Unless I am invited, I won’t go to Jack’s graduation party.
_______________, I won’t go to Jack's graduation party.
5. When I got there, I noticed the car was stuck in the snow.
When I got there, I noticed __________________ in the snow.
6. When they were inspired by the young man, they decided to go out and explore the woods.
______________________, they decided to go out and explore the woods.
Unless invited
the car stuck
Inspired by the yound man
7. They broke down the door to reach the people who were locked inside.
They broke down the door to reach the people_____________.
8. If I was given more time, I would be able to finish the task.
_________________, I would be able to finish the task.
locked inside
Given more time
II. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in
the box below.
inspire permit apply surround lock wait
1. They broke down the door to reach the people ________ inside.
2. There is a long list of people __________ for the job.
3. I’m terribly sorry to have kept you __________ for such a long
time.
4. He left the hotel __________ by a crowd of fans and journalists.
5. We’ll go and have a picnic at the beach tomorrow, weather
__________.
6. _________ by the old man, they decided to go out and explore the woods.
locked
applying
waiting
surrounded
permitting
Inspired
1. They make great gifts and you see them
many times 65. (decorate) with
red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
（2020 全国卷II）
decorated
2. Technological innovations, ______ good
marketing, will promote the sales of these
products. （2020 江苏卷）
A. combined with B. combining with
C. having combined with D. to be combined with
A
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