福建省永春第一中学2023-2024学年高二下学期技文阅读竞赛英语试题（含解析）
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| 名称 | 福建省永春第一中学2023-2024学年高二下学期技文阅读竞赛英语试题（含解析） |  | |
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永春一中高二年英语科技文阅读比赛
2024.5
第一节（共30小题，每小题4分，满分120分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。
A
Chinese scientists have identified a new protein that restricts HIV infection, a discovery that could pave the way for the development of new drugs against the virus. The protein, P selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (PSGL 1), which exists in human cells, can inhibit (抑制) the process by which HIV reproduces, according to research published in the science journal Nature Microbiology this month.
However, the study also showed that PSGL 1 can be negatively affected by Vpu—an accessory (附属) protein of HIV—which can neutralize the ability of PSGL 1 to resist HIV. Further research is under way to develop a drug that can inhibit the HIV protein so that PSGL 1 can restrict HIV, according to Tan Xu, a researcher at Tsinghua University's School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, a leading author of the study.
Several other proteins in human cells that could resist HIV have been discovered over the past 10 years, but the virus can also evade (避开) them. PSGL 1 shows particular promise in that it can inhibit HIV in multiple ways—especially by blocking the infectiousness of virus offspring, Tan said.
“We are starting to research into small molecule (分子) compounds in the hope of finding one that can restore PSGL 1's anti HIV function. In this way, we can develop a very effective antiviral drug for people with HIV/AIDS,” he said. Tan said it will require at least three to five years for the research to reach the preclinical stage, and more time after that before a clinical trial is possible. The research was conducted by researchers at Tsinghua University in Beijing, Fudan University in Shanghai and George Mason University in the United States.
Existing treatment methods for people with HIV/AIDS, which mostly rely on a combination of different drugs, can prevent the disease from progressing but cannot cure it, and long term use of drugs can result in drug resistance.
An estimated 37 million people in the world live with HIV, according to the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. The study provides new leads to developing antiviral drugs, Tsinghua University said in a statement.
1.What can we learn about PSGL 1 from the passage
A. Both the protein PSGL 1 and the protein Vpu are HIV proteins.
B. PSGL 1 can restrict the function of the protein Vpu.
C. PSGL 1's molecule compounds have been identified.
D. The protein PSGL 1 functions better than others in resisting HIV.
2.What can we infer from the last three paragraphs
A. The existing treatment for AIDS are far from perfect.
B. It will be a decade before the antiviral drugs is put on the market.
C. American scientists played a leading role in the research.
D. HIV/AIDS will no longer be a deadly problem owing to the new discovery.
3.What is the main idea of the passage
A. There is a long way to go before curing AIDS.
B. More people are faced with the threat of HIV.
C. Chinese scientists are leading the way in curing AIDS.
D. A new protein to resist HIV was confirmed by scientists.
4.Where is this text most likely from
A. A guidebook. B.A fiction. C.A magazine. D.A brochure.
B
Hybrid cars, also called hybrid electric vehicles(HEVs), are cars that use more than one source of energy to run. They differ from the majority of cars on the road today in several ways. The main difference is that HEVs run on gasoline and electricity. An HEV has a battery powered motor as well as an engine that runs on gasoline.
A hybrid car is a bit more expensive to produce than a regular car even though its engine is smaller. The reason for the greater expense is that the engine is more complex. It has specialized mechanisms that allow it to operate using gasoline and electric power. It also contains a computer that works differently from those of regular cars. Even though it is more expensive to purchase, it costs less to own than gas powered cars. When an HEV is at a stoplight or going at a speed below 15 miles per hour, its special computer tells it to run just on electric power. When the computer senses that the car needs more power, it puts the gasoline engine back to work. The computer is constantly deciding whether the car will use electricity, gas, or a combination of the two.
Because the HEV has electric power to help it run, it uses much less fuel than most cars. They can get from 50 to 60 miles per gallon on average. The high mileage saves money for the car owner and conserves precious supplies of petroleum. Hybrid cars help the environment in other ways, too. For example, when the HEV is using electric power, it does not send out poisonous smoke that pollutes the air.
Despite the differences between hybrid cars and regular cars, HEVs offer the same feel as regular cars. They run in the same way and speed up and stop in the same way, too. HEVs, though, are generally smaller than gasoline powered cars. Their rounded, aerodynamic frame helps add to their fuel efficiency but unfortunately does not add to the amount of space inside the vehicle.
5.Which statement best explains the characteristics of an HEV
A. Safe and reliable. B. Expensive but long lasting.
C. Smaller engine, greater power. D. High price, low carbon.
6.The transformation between the gasoline and electricity in an HEV is operated by .
A. the engine B. the battery C. the computer D. the driver
7.For what purpose was the HEV invented
A. To save energy. B. To provide better service.
C. To lower the expense of purchase. D. To give the drivers a different feeling.
8.Where does the passage probably come from
A.A health report. B.A science magazine.
C.A vehicle advertisement. D.A travel journal.
C
A Dutch company has developed technology to follow the movements and activities of cows. The high tech system, powered by AI and motion sensors, is called “the Intelligent Dairy Farmer's Assistant”. The company, Connecterra, launched the system in the United States in December after several years of testing and operation in Europe.
A device is put around the neck of the cow to record its movements. This information is then processed by a computer that uses AI to learn about the animal's behavior over time. The system can tell farmers what the cow is doing in real time. This information can help predict when cattle get sick, become less productive or are ready for mating.
Richard Watson owns the Seven Oaks Dairy in Waynesboro, Georgia. He was one of the first American farmers to use the high tech system.
“It can pick up whether the cow is eating, whether it is walking, whether it is drinking, whether it is lying down, standing up.”
Richard said the system is a big help because it is impossible for farmers to keep up with the activities of each cow individually. He added that having a computer identify which of his 2,000 cattle need attention could help improve farm productivity by up to 10 percent. He estimated this difference could greatly increase his profits.
“Just a 10 percent or 5 percent increase or improvement in productivity means hundreds of thousands of dollars to us, aside from the fact that we just want our animals to be happier and healthier, anyway.”
The founder and head of Connecterra is Yasir Khokhar. He said the idea for the system came while he was living on a dairy farm in the south of Amsterdam.
“It turns out that the technology farmers use is really outdated in many aspects,” Yasir Khokhar told the Associated Press. “Most of the technology that does exist is difficult to use and modern agriculture greatly needs new technology like this,” he added.
The company says information about the cows can be collected and seen on a cellphone or other mobile devices. A text message can also inform farmers of concerns involving the animals.
9.How does “the Intelligent Dairy Farmer's Assistant” help farmers
A. By giving alarms to farmers.
B. By focusing farmers' attention on cattle.
C. By sending real time information about cows to farmers.
D. By telling farmers which cow is less productive or ready to mate.
10.What's Richard Watson's attitude towards the high tech system
A. Indifferent. B. Neutral. C. Passive. D. Confident.
11.Why did Yasir Khokhar come up with the idea of the high tech system
A. Because he once lived on a dairy farm.
B. Because some agricultural technologies were out of date.
C. Because he wanted to increase the income of farmers.
D. Because some farming systems turned out to be a failure.
12.What does the passage mainly talk about
A. Modern agriculture in America.
B. Ways of raising cows more efficiently.
C. A Dutch company known as a high tech system.
D. “Smart Farm” technology tracking behavior of cows.
D
Tetraplegia (四肢瘫痪) patients are prisoners of their own bodies, unable to perform the slightest movement. Researchers have been working for years to develop systems that can help these patients carry out some tasks on their own. Assistance from robots could help these people recover some of their lost abilities, since the robots can perform tasks in their place.
Professor Aude Billard carried out a study with Professor José del R. Millán.. They have developed a computer program that can control a robot using electrical signals sent out by a patient's brain. No voice control or touch function is needed;patients can move the robot simply with their thoughts. This involved developing an algorithm (运算法则) that could adjust the robot's movements based only on a patient's thoughts.
To use the system, all the patient needs to do is to look at the robot. If the robot makes an incorrect move, the patient's brain will send out an “error message” through a clearly identifiable signal, as if the patient is saying, “No, not like that.” The robot will then understand that what it's doing is wrong. The process goes pretty quickly—only three to five attempts are usually needed for the robot to figure out the right response and achieve the patient's wishes.
“The robot's AI program can learn rapidly, but you have to tell it when it makes a mistake so that it can correct its behavior,” says Professor Millán. “Developing the detection technology for error signals was one of the biggest technical difficulties we faced,” Iason Batzianoula, the study's lead author, adds, “What was particularly difficult in our study was linking a patient's brain activity to the robot's control system—or in other words, ‘translating' a patient's brain signals into actions performed by the robot.”
13.What's the purpose of paragraph 1
A. To attract more researchers. B. To introduce the topic of this text.
C. To state the research on tetraplegia. D. To show sympathy for the patients.
14.How do the robots perform their task
A. By sensing the touch. B. By monitoring computers.
C. By reading people's thoughts. D. By following voice commands.
15.What did Iason Batzianoula think of the robot's AI program
A. Challenging. B. Cost effective. C. Fruitless. D. Time consuming.
16.What is the text mainly about
A. The development of mind controlled robots.
B. The sufferings of the tetraplegia patients.
C. The complexity of the algorithm.
D. The promising future of robots.
E
Climate breakdown threatens to cause a global food production crisis. The UN forecasts that by 2050, feeding the world will require a 20% expansion in global water use for agriculture. It is hard to see how agriculture can feed the population of the planet, let alone toward the end of the century and beyond. Agriculture is a major cause of climate breakdown, and both river and air pollution. Industrial fishing is similarly driving ecological collapse in seas around the world.
However, at this critical time, new farming (a new kind of food technology) is creating astonishing possibilities to save both people and the planet. New farming will enable the return of vast areas of land and sea to nature, greatly reducing carbon emissions (排放物). It means an end to the employment of animals, a stop to overfishing, and a dramatic reduction in cutting down forests and the use of pesticides (杀虫剂). It is the best hope for stopping the destruction of the planet and, if it is done right, it means cheap and abundant food for everyone.
We are about to welcome one of the biggest economic transformations, of any kind, for 200 years. Arguments continue about plants against meat based diets; however, new technologies will soon make these arguments irrelevant. Before long, most food will come neither from animals nor plants, but from micro organisms (微生物).
Not only will food be cheaper, it will also be healthier. Due to the fact that new farming creates food products built up from simple components rather than broken down from complex ones, hard fats and other unhealthy components can be screened out. Meat will still be meat, but it will be grown in factories rather than in the bodies of animals. Fats will still be fats, but food is likely to be better, cheaper and much less damaging to the living planet.
17.What is the major cause of sea ecological breakdown
A. Food production. B. Global farming.
C. Industrial fishing. D. Climate breakdown.
18.What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us about new farming
A. Its benefits. B. Its safety. C. Its research. D. Its limits.
19.What will provide the majority of food in the near future
A. Sea animals. B. Wild plants. C. Micro organisms. D. Farm products.
20.Which of the following best describes the author's attitude to new farming
A. Doubtful. B. Positive. C. Disapproving. D. Unclear.
F
Have you ever found picking out the face of a friend in a group photo is sometimes hard,especially when everyone crowds together In the same way, it can also be hard to read a passage of text when the letters are too close together. In fact, a new study shows that spacing the letters farther apart can help anyone read faster, and possibly understand more.
Dyslexia is a common reading disorder. Crowded text is especially difficult for people with dyslexia to read. So researchers wanted to see if increasing the spacing between letters would help.
Steven Stagg, a scientist, studies how people think and learn. His team recruited 59 students between 11 and 15 years old, thirty two of whom had dyslexia. While the researchers recorded them, each student read two passages out loud. One passage was in its original format. In the other, there was an increase of 2.5 points in the spacing between the letters. The recording allowed the scientists to measure their reading speed and count any mistakes, such as skipped words.
People with dyslexia often employ aids to help them read, such as colored overlays (覆盖物). This time they are offered by the researchers. Those colored overlays didn't help either group of kids. However, kids with dyslexia read the wider spaced text 13 percent faster than the text with original spacing. These kids also made fewer mistakes. Students without dyslexia read faster, too, although only by 5 percent.
This is very good news. It means teachers and publishers can print material with extra spacing between letters. Readers with dyslexia won't feel singled out by having to use special aids for reading. An organization called Readability Matters is working on these issues. The group is trying to get tech companies to make changes that should make reading easier.
Stagg says, “Some methods have shown mixed results, but letter spacing seems to be the one thing that everyone is finding works.”
21.What is the purpose of the first paragraph
A. To make the article interesting. B. To present a common problem.
C. To lead to the topic of the article. D. To provide a new solution.
22.What do you know about people with dyslexia
A. They may understand everything while reading wider spaced text.
B. They may read faster than normal kids while reading wider spaced text.
C. They may get free from dyslexia after increasing letter spacing.
D. They may feel singled out while using colored layouts for reading.
23.In which column of a newspaper can we probably find this passage
A. Science study. B. Campus life. C. Star stories. D. Business.
24.What is the best title for the text
A. Readers Try to Improve Reading Speed B. You Just Need More Space
C. Colored Overlays Are Helpful Aids D. Dyslexia Affects Reading Speed
G
With nations preparing to spend billions to redesign their cities with a new focus on cycling, it's worth remembering how the invention of the bicycle changed societies all over the world.
The person generally credited with inventing the modern bicycle was an Englishman named John Kemp Starley. In 1885, the 30 year old inventor began experimenting in his workshop with a chain driven bicycle featuring two much smaller wheels. When it first appeared at a bicycle show in 1886, his invention was regarded as a curiosity. But two years later, when the next model was paired with the newly invented rubber tire—which not only cushioned the ride but also made the new bicycle about 30 percent faster—the result was magic.
For a few years in the 1890s, almost anyone wanted to learn to ride, and almost everyone did. The sultan of Zanzibar took up cycling. So did the czar of Russia. But it was the middle and working classes around the globe that truly made the bicycle their own. For the first time in history, the masses were able to come and go as they pleased. No more need for expensive horses and carriages.
The rocketing demand led hundreds of new companies around the world to offer their own versions. At the Stanley Bicycle Show in London in 1895, about 200 bicycle makers exhibited 3,000 models. One of the biggest makers was Columbia Bicycles, whose factory in Hartford, Connecticut, could turn out a bicycle a minute thanks to its automated assembly line (流水线)—a pioneering technology that one day would become the backbone of the automobile industry. By 1898, a third of all patent applications in the US were bicycle related.
The bicycle even improved the human gene (基因) pool. Newly liberated young people rode around the countryside at will, meeting up in distant villages. Women were especially enthusiastic. They abandoned their troublesome skirts and took to the road in groups. Marriage records in England show a marked rise in inter village marriages during the bicycle craze of the 1890s.
25.What can we know about John Kemp Starley's first model
A. It was invented in 1888. B. It had two bigger wheels.
C. It did not have rubber tires. D. It was accepted immediately.
26.When were bicycles widely adopted by the public
A. In the 1860s. B. In the 1870s. C. In the 1880s. D. In the 1890s.
27.What are the statistics in paragraph 4 mainly about
A. The fast growing demand for bicycles.
B. The huge success of the bicycle industry.
C. The great convenience offered by bicycles.
D. The popularity of the newly invented bicycles.
H
Many people think that the world is about to step into the fourth industrial revolution. This time, machines can do a lot of work in the charge of human beings, even better than human beings. In the future, the world can be more efficient and enjoy cheaper services, but unemployment will become more common.
It raises a troubling question for all of us—when will a machine be able to do my job Katja Grace, a research associate at the University of Oxford's Future of Humanity Institute, and her colleagues from the AI Impacts project and the Machine Intelligence Research Institute, have surveyed 352 scientists and compiled (汇编) their answers into predictions about how long it may take for machines to outperform humans on various tasks.
The good news is that many of us will probably be safe in our jobs for some time to come. The researchers predict there is a 50% chance that machines will be capable of taking over all human jobs in 120 years.
“One of the biggest surprises was the overall lateness of the predictions,” says Grace. “I expected the amazing progress in machine learning in recent years, plus the fact that we were only talking to machine learning researchers, to make the estimates earlier.”
“I am a bit sceptical of some of the timelines given for tasks that involve physical manipulation (操纵),” says Jeremy Wyatt, professor of robotics and artificial intelligence at the University of Birmingham. “It is one thing doing it in the lab, and quite another having a robot that can do a job reliably in the real world better than a human.”
Manipulating physical objects in the real world—figuring out what to manipulate, and how, in a random, changing environment—is an incredibly complex job for a machine. Tasks that don't involve physical manipulation are easier to teach.
Perhaps the hardest jobs for machines to perform are those that take years of training for humans to excel at. These often involve intuitive (直觉的) decision making, complex physical environments or abstract thinking—all things that computers struggle with.
28.Why did the researchers conduct the survey on the future role of machines
A. To make it clear how machines can replace humans.
B. To find why machines can take the place of humans.
C. To explain humans will be substituted by machines.
D. To learn when machines may be superior to humans on jobs.
29.What did Grace think of the time for machines to replace humans on tasks
A. She thought the time would be totally uncertain despite the survey.
B. She thought the time would be later than predicted.
C. She thought the time would be earlier than predicted.
D. She thought machines would take over all the jobs in 120 years.
30.What can we infer from the opinion of Jeremy Wyatt
A. A robot can do a job reliably in the real world better than a human.
B. Tasks that don't involve physical manipulation are quite complicated.
C. It is difficult for robots to finish the jobs related to physical manipulation.
D. He is sure of the timelines given for tasks that involve physical manipulation.
永春一中高二年英语科技文阅读比赛参考答案
1-4DADC 5-8DCAB 9-12CDBD 13-16BCAA
17-20CACB 21-24CDAB 25-27CDB 28-30DCC
A
答案
[语篇解读] 语篇类型:说明文。主题语境:人与社会。 主旨:中国科学家新发现了一种可以抑制艾滋病病毒感染的蛋白质,这可能为研发抗艾滋病病毒的新药品开辟路径。
1.D 推理判断题。根据第三段中“PSGL 1 shows particular promise in that it can inhibit HIV in multiple ways—especially by blocking the infectiousness of virus offspring, Tan said.”可知,PSGL 1具有多种抗艾滋病病毒功能,展现良好的前景——尤其能抑制新生病毒的传染性。故PSGL 1蛋白在抵抗艾滋病病毒方面比其他蛋白功能更好。
2.A 推理判断题。根据第五段“Existing treatment methods for people with HIV/AIDS, which mostly rely on a combination of different drugs, can prevent the disease from progressing but cannot cure it, and long term use of drugs can result in drug resistance.”可知,目前艾滋病的治疗方式是多种药物的结合,往往治标不治本,长期使用还会让人产生抗药性,远远称不上完美。
3.D 主旨要义题。根据文章第一句中“Chinese scientists have identified a new protein that restricts HIV infection”和下文内容可知,文章大意为科学家证实了一种新的抗艾滋病病毒的蛋白质。
4.C 推理判断题。本文主要讲述中国科学家发现的一种新的抗艾滋病病毒的蛋白质,以及其后续的研究和影响。所以本文最有可能来自杂志。
B
答案
[语篇解读] 语篇类型:说明文。主题语境:人与社会。 主旨:混合动力汽车的优势以及和普通燃油车的区别。
5.D 细节理解题。根据第二段中A hybrid car is a bit more expensive to produce than a regular car可知,混合动力汽车要比普通的燃油车稍微贵些;根据第三段中的...it uses much less fuel than most cars.可知,混合动力汽车较为节能。综上所述可知High price, low carbon.最能概括混合动力汽车的特点。
6.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中The computer is constantly deciding whether the car will use electricity, gas, or a combination of the two.可知,这种车是通过电脑来确定使用何种动力的。
7.A 推理判断题。根据文章可知,混合动力汽车的最大的特点是使用两种能源,因此耗费燃料较少,节约能源,所以它被发明的目的就是节约能源。
8.B 推理判断题。文章介绍了混合动力汽车的驱动情况、它与普通的燃油车的区别和它的优势,由此推断文章可能出自科学杂志。
C
答案
[语篇解读] 语篇类型:说明文。主题语境:人与社会。主旨:“智能奶农助手”的工作原理、开发原因和人们对它的评价。
9.C 细节理解题。根据第二段前三句可知,“智能奶农助手”通过向奶农发送关于奶牛的实时信息来帮助奶农。
10.D 推理判断题。根据第五段内容可推知,Richard Watson认为这个系统帮了很大的忙,他对其很有信心。
11.B 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段内容可知,Yasir Khokhar提出了这个高科技系统的想法是因为一些农业技术已经过时了,并且大部分现有的技术很难使用。
12.D 主旨要义题。根据第一段前两句内容可知,一家荷兰公司已经开发出跟踪奶牛的运动和活动的技术。这个由人工智能和运动传感器驱动的高科技系统被称为“智能奶农助手”。
D
答案
[语篇解读] 本文介绍了研究人员研发的一款帮助四肢瘫痪的患者的机器人。
13.B 推理判断题。根据第一段内容“Tetraplegia (四肢瘫痪) patients are...Assistance from robots could help...can perform tasks in their place.”可知,文章第一段的目的是引出本文的话题“能帮助四肢瘫痪的患者完成一些任务的机器人”。
14.C 细节理解题。根据第二段第二、三句“They have developed a computer program...the robot simply with their thoughts.”可知,病人通过自己的思维控制机器人的动作,即机器人理解了病人的想法就会进行相应的操作。
15.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“‘Developing the detection technology...actions performed by the robot.' ”可知,Iason Batzianoula认为这款机器人的人工智能程序的开发面临着很多困难,即富于挑战性。
16.A 主旨要义题。根据全文内容,尤其是第一段的“Researchers have been working...in their place.”可知,本文主要介绍了一款机器人,四肢瘫痪的病人可以用大脑控制它。
E
答案
[语篇解读] 本文主要介绍了全球粮食生产危机下一种新型农业如何解决粮食短缺问题以及它的优势和特点。
17.C 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Industrial fishing is similarly driving ecological collapse in seas around the world.”可知,造成海洋生态破坏的是工业捕捞。
18.A 主旨要义题。根据第二段中的“New farming will enable the return of vast areas of land and sea to nature, greatly reducing carbon emissions (排放物)...for everyone.”可知,本段主要讲述新型农业的好处。
19.C 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Before long, most food will come neither from animals nor plants, but from micro organisms (微生物).”可知,作者认为在不久的将来,人们的食物来源主要是微生物。
20.B 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“However,...planet.”、第三段最后一句“Before long, ... micro organisms (微生物).”以及第四段第一句“Not only will...healthier.”可知,作者认为新型农业可以解决人类面临的粮食危机,人们的主要食物来源会改变,同时食物也会更便宜和健康。以上评价都是正面的,因此作者对新型农业的态度是积极的。
F
答案
[语篇解读] 一项研究表明,增加字母间距有助于帮助有阅读障碍的人阅读,让他们的阅读速度更快。
21.C 推理判断题。由第一段可知,与在合影中辨认朋友的脸有时很难一样,字母靠得太近也让人难以阅读,而研究表明加大字母间隔能帮助提高阅读速度并可能提高理解力,下文围绕这点展开讨论,因此可推知第一段的目的是引出文章的主题。
22.D 细节理解题。由第四段中的“People with dyslexia ... colored overlays (覆盖物).”和倒数第二段中的“Readers with dyslexia won't feel singled out by having to use special aids for reading.”可知,当有阅读障碍的人使用辅助物阅读时,他们会感到与他人不同。
23.A 推理判断题。由第一段中的“In fact,...understand more.”和下文关于研究的说明可知,本文主要是介绍一项科学研究,可能出现在报纸的“科学研究”专栏。
24.B 主旨要义题。由第一段中的“In fact,...understand more.”和第四段中的“However, ...5 percent.”可知,本文主题为“增加字母间距能帮助人们阅读”,B项“你只需要更多的空间”符合文意。
G
答案
[语篇解读] 文章主要介绍了自行车的发明历史及其给世界带来的巨大影响。
25.C 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“But two years later, ...the result was magic.”可反推,他的第一代自行车是没有橡胶轮胎的。
26.D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“For a few years in the 1890s, almost anyone wanted to learn to ride, and almost everyone did.”及最后一段中的“Marriage records...of the 1890s.”可知,自行车是在19世纪90年代被大众广泛采用的。
27.B 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The rocketing demand...3,000 models.”及“By 1898,a third of all patent applications in the US were bicycle related.”可推断,本段主要是用数据说明该行业的空前繁荣。
H
答案
[语篇解读] 本文主要讨论了“什么时候机器能做我的工作 ”这一问题。
28.D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It raises a troubling question...do my job ”以及“about how long it may take for...on various tasks.”可知,研究者对机器的未来作用进行调查,是想知道机器在执行各种任务上超越人类需要多长时间。
29.C 细节理解题。根据第四段,尤其是“I expected the amazing progress...to make the estimates earlier.”可知,Grace认为科学家预测的时间很晚,她预计时间应该会早一点。
30.C 推理判断题。根据第五段可知,Jeremy Wyatt认为机器很难在现实世界中比人类更可靠地操纵物体,由此推测机器人很难完成与物体操控相关的工作。
2024.5
第一节（共30小题，每小题4分，满分120分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。
A
Chinese scientists have identified a new protein that restricts HIV infection, a discovery that could pave the way for the development of new drugs against the virus. The protein, P selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (PSGL 1), which exists in human cells, can inhibit (抑制) the process by which HIV reproduces, according to research published in the science journal Nature Microbiology this month.
However, the study also showed that PSGL 1 can be negatively affected by Vpu—an accessory (附属) protein of HIV—which can neutralize the ability of PSGL 1 to resist HIV. Further research is under way to develop a drug that can inhibit the HIV protein so that PSGL 1 can restrict HIV, according to Tan Xu, a researcher at Tsinghua University's School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, a leading author of the study.
Several other proteins in human cells that could resist HIV have been discovered over the past 10 years, but the virus can also evade (避开) them. PSGL 1 shows particular promise in that it can inhibit HIV in multiple ways—especially by blocking the infectiousness of virus offspring, Tan said.
“We are starting to research into small molecule (分子) compounds in the hope of finding one that can restore PSGL 1's anti HIV function. In this way, we can develop a very effective antiviral drug for people with HIV/AIDS,” he said. Tan said it will require at least three to five years for the research to reach the preclinical stage, and more time after that before a clinical trial is possible. The research was conducted by researchers at Tsinghua University in Beijing, Fudan University in Shanghai and George Mason University in the United States.
Existing treatment methods for people with HIV/AIDS, which mostly rely on a combination of different drugs, can prevent the disease from progressing but cannot cure it, and long term use of drugs can result in drug resistance.
An estimated 37 million people in the world live with HIV, according to the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. The study provides new leads to developing antiviral drugs, Tsinghua University said in a statement.
1.What can we learn about PSGL 1 from the passage
A. Both the protein PSGL 1 and the protein Vpu are HIV proteins.
B. PSGL 1 can restrict the function of the protein Vpu.
C. PSGL 1's molecule compounds have been identified.
D. The protein PSGL 1 functions better than others in resisting HIV.
2.What can we infer from the last three paragraphs
A. The existing treatment for AIDS are far from perfect.
B. It will be a decade before the antiviral drugs is put on the market.
C. American scientists played a leading role in the research.
D. HIV/AIDS will no longer be a deadly problem owing to the new discovery.
3.What is the main idea of the passage
A. There is a long way to go before curing AIDS.
B. More people are faced with the threat of HIV.
C. Chinese scientists are leading the way in curing AIDS.
D. A new protein to resist HIV was confirmed by scientists.
4.Where is this text most likely from
A. A guidebook. B.A fiction. C.A magazine. D.A brochure.
B
Hybrid cars, also called hybrid electric vehicles(HEVs), are cars that use more than one source of energy to run. They differ from the majority of cars on the road today in several ways. The main difference is that HEVs run on gasoline and electricity. An HEV has a battery powered motor as well as an engine that runs on gasoline.
A hybrid car is a bit more expensive to produce than a regular car even though its engine is smaller. The reason for the greater expense is that the engine is more complex. It has specialized mechanisms that allow it to operate using gasoline and electric power. It also contains a computer that works differently from those of regular cars. Even though it is more expensive to purchase, it costs less to own than gas powered cars. When an HEV is at a stoplight or going at a speed below 15 miles per hour, its special computer tells it to run just on electric power. When the computer senses that the car needs more power, it puts the gasoline engine back to work. The computer is constantly deciding whether the car will use electricity, gas, or a combination of the two.
Because the HEV has electric power to help it run, it uses much less fuel than most cars. They can get from 50 to 60 miles per gallon on average. The high mileage saves money for the car owner and conserves precious supplies of petroleum. Hybrid cars help the environment in other ways, too. For example, when the HEV is using electric power, it does not send out poisonous smoke that pollutes the air.
Despite the differences between hybrid cars and regular cars, HEVs offer the same feel as regular cars. They run in the same way and speed up and stop in the same way, too. HEVs, though, are generally smaller than gasoline powered cars. Their rounded, aerodynamic frame helps add to their fuel efficiency but unfortunately does not add to the amount of space inside the vehicle.
5.Which statement best explains the characteristics of an HEV
A. Safe and reliable. B. Expensive but long lasting.
C. Smaller engine, greater power. D. High price, low carbon.
6.The transformation between the gasoline and electricity in an HEV is operated by .
A. the engine B. the battery C. the computer D. the driver
7.For what purpose was the HEV invented
A. To save energy. B. To provide better service.
C. To lower the expense of purchase. D. To give the drivers a different feeling.
8.Where does the passage probably come from
A.A health report. B.A science magazine.
C.A vehicle advertisement. D.A travel journal.
C
A Dutch company has developed technology to follow the movements and activities of cows. The high tech system, powered by AI and motion sensors, is called “the Intelligent Dairy Farmer's Assistant”. The company, Connecterra, launched the system in the United States in December after several years of testing and operation in Europe.
A device is put around the neck of the cow to record its movements. This information is then processed by a computer that uses AI to learn about the animal's behavior over time. The system can tell farmers what the cow is doing in real time. This information can help predict when cattle get sick, become less productive or are ready for mating.
Richard Watson owns the Seven Oaks Dairy in Waynesboro, Georgia. He was one of the first American farmers to use the high tech system.
“It can pick up whether the cow is eating, whether it is walking, whether it is drinking, whether it is lying down, standing up.”
Richard said the system is a big help because it is impossible for farmers to keep up with the activities of each cow individually. He added that having a computer identify which of his 2,000 cattle need attention could help improve farm productivity by up to 10 percent. He estimated this difference could greatly increase his profits.
“Just a 10 percent or 5 percent increase or improvement in productivity means hundreds of thousands of dollars to us, aside from the fact that we just want our animals to be happier and healthier, anyway.”
The founder and head of Connecterra is Yasir Khokhar. He said the idea for the system came while he was living on a dairy farm in the south of Amsterdam.
“It turns out that the technology farmers use is really outdated in many aspects,” Yasir Khokhar told the Associated Press. “Most of the technology that does exist is difficult to use and modern agriculture greatly needs new technology like this,” he added.
The company says information about the cows can be collected and seen on a cellphone or other mobile devices. A text message can also inform farmers of concerns involving the animals.
9.How does “the Intelligent Dairy Farmer's Assistant” help farmers
A. By giving alarms to farmers.
B. By focusing farmers' attention on cattle.
C. By sending real time information about cows to farmers.
D. By telling farmers which cow is less productive or ready to mate.
10.What's Richard Watson's attitude towards the high tech system
A. Indifferent. B. Neutral. C. Passive. D. Confident.
11.Why did Yasir Khokhar come up with the idea of the high tech system
A. Because he once lived on a dairy farm.
B. Because some agricultural technologies were out of date.
C. Because he wanted to increase the income of farmers.
D. Because some farming systems turned out to be a failure.
12.What does the passage mainly talk about
A. Modern agriculture in America.
B. Ways of raising cows more efficiently.
C. A Dutch company known as a high tech system.
D. “Smart Farm” technology tracking behavior of cows.
D
Tetraplegia (四肢瘫痪) patients are prisoners of their own bodies, unable to perform the slightest movement. Researchers have been working for years to develop systems that can help these patients carry out some tasks on their own. Assistance from robots could help these people recover some of their lost abilities, since the robots can perform tasks in their place.
Professor Aude Billard carried out a study with Professor José del R. Millán.. They have developed a computer program that can control a robot using electrical signals sent out by a patient's brain. No voice control or touch function is needed;patients can move the robot simply with their thoughts. This involved developing an algorithm (运算法则) that could adjust the robot's movements based only on a patient's thoughts.
To use the system, all the patient needs to do is to look at the robot. If the robot makes an incorrect move, the patient's brain will send out an “error message” through a clearly identifiable signal, as if the patient is saying, “No, not like that.” The robot will then understand that what it's doing is wrong. The process goes pretty quickly—only three to five attempts are usually needed for the robot to figure out the right response and achieve the patient's wishes.
“The robot's AI program can learn rapidly, but you have to tell it when it makes a mistake so that it can correct its behavior,” says Professor Millán. “Developing the detection technology for error signals was one of the biggest technical difficulties we faced,” Iason Batzianoula, the study's lead author, adds, “What was particularly difficult in our study was linking a patient's brain activity to the robot's control system—or in other words, ‘translating' a patient's brain signals into actions performed by the robot.”
13.What's the purpose of paragraph 1
A. To attract more researchers. B. To introduce the topic of this text.
C. To state the research on tetraplegia. D. To show sympathy for the patients.
14.How do the robots perform their task
A. By sensing the touch. B. By monitoring computers.
C. By reading people's thoughts. D. By following voice commands.
15.What did Iason Batzianoula think of the robot's AI program
A. Challenging. B. Cost effective. C. Fruitless. D. Time consuming.
16.What is the text mainly about
A. The development of mind controlled robots.
B. The sufferings of the tetraplegia patients.
C. The complexity of the algorithm.
D. The promising future of robots.
E
Climate breakdown threatens to cause a global food production crisis. The UN forecasts that by 2050, feeding the world will require a 20% expansion in global water use for agriculture. It is hard to see how agriculture can feed the population of the planet, let alone toward the end of the century and beyond. Agriculture is a major cause of climate breakdown, and both river and air pollution. Industrial fishing is similarly driving ecological collapse in seas around the world.
However, at this critical time, new farming (a new kind of food technology) is creating astonishing possibilities to save both people and the planet. New farming will enable the return of vast areas of land and sea to nature, greatly reducing carbon emissions (排放物). It means an end to the employment of animals, a stop to overfishing, and a dramatic reduction in cutting down forests and the use of pesticides (杀虫剂). It is the best hope for stopping the destruction of the planet and, if it is done right, it means cheap and abundant food for everyone.
We are about to welcome one of the biggest economic transformations, of any kind, for 200 years. Arguments continue about plants against meat based diets; however, new technologies will soon make these arguments irrelevant. Before long, most food will come neither from animals nor plants, but from micro organisms (微生物).
Not only will food be cheaper, it will also be healthier. Due to the fact that new farming creates food products built up from simple components rather than broken down from complex ones, hard fats and other unhealthy components can be screened out. Meat will still be meat, but it will be grown in factories rather than in the bodies of animals. Fats will still be fats, but food is likely to be better, cheaper and much less damaging to the living planet.
17.What is the major cause of sea ecological breakdown
A. Food production. B. Global farming.
C. Industrial fishing. D. Climate breakdown.
18.What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us about new farming
A. Its benefits. B. Its safety. C. Its research. D. Its limits.
19.What will provide the majority of food in the near future
A. Sea animals. B. Wild plants. C. Micro organisms. D. Farm products.
20.Which of the following best describes the author's attitude to new farming
A. Doubtful. B. Positive. C. Disapproving. D. Unclear.
F
Have you ever found picking out the face of a friend in a group photo is sometimes hard,especially when everyone crowds together In the same way, it can also be hard to read a passage of text when the letters are too close together. In fact, a new study shows that spacing the letters farther apart can help anyone read faster, and possibly understand more.
Dyslexia is a common reading disorder. Crowded text is especially difficult for people with dyslexia to read. So researchers wanted to see if increasing the spacing between letters would help.
Steven Stagg, a scientist, studies how people think and learn. His team recruited 59 students between 11 and 15 years old, thirty two of whom had dyslexia. While the researchers recorded them, each student read two passages out loud. One passage was in its original format. In the other, there was an increase of 2.5 points in the spacing between the letters. The recording allowed the scientists to measure their reading speed and count any mistakes, such as skipped words.
People with dyslexia often employ aids to help them read, such as colored overlays (覆盖物). This time they are offered by the researchers. Those colored overlays didn't help either group of kids. However, kids with dyslexia read the wider spaced text 13 percent faster than the text with original spacing. These kids also made fewer mistakes. Students without dyslexia read faster, too, although only by 5 percent.
This is very good news. It means teachers and publishers can print material with extra spacing between letters. Readers with dyslexia won't feel singled out by having to use special aids for reading. An organization called Readability Matters is working on these issues. The group is trying to get tech companies to make changes that should make reading easier.
Stagg says, “Some methods have shown mixed results, but letter spacing seems to be the one thing that everyone is finding works.”
21.What is the purpose of the first paragraph
A. To make the article interesting. B. To present a common problem.
C. To lead to the topic of the article. D. To provide a new solution.
22.What do you know about people with dyslexia
A. They may understand everything while reading wider spaced text.
B. They may read faster than normal kids while reading wider spaced text.
C. They may get free from dyslexia after increasing letter spacing.
D. They may feel singled out while using colored layouts for reading.
23.In which column of a newspaper can we probably find this passage
A. Science study. B. Campus life. C. Star stories. D. Business.
24.What is the best title for the text
A. Readers Try to Improve Reading Speed B. You Just Need More Space
C. Colored Overlays Are Helpful Aids D. Dyslexia Affects Reading Speed
G
With nations preparing to spend billions to redesign their cities with a new focus on cycling, it's worth remembering how the invention of the bicycle changed societies all over the world.
The person generally credited with inventing the modern bicycle was an Englishman named John Kemp Starley. In 1885, the 30 year old inventor began experimenting in his workshop with a chain driven bicycle featuring two much smaller wheels. When it first appeared at a bicycle show in 1886, his invention was regarded as a curiosity. But two years later, when the next model was paired with the newly invented rubber tire—which not only cushioned the ride but also made the new bicycle about 30 percent faster—the result was magic.
For a few years in the 1890s, almost anyone wanted to learn to ride, and almost everyone did. The sultan of Zanzibar took up cycling. So did the czar of Russia. But it was the middle and working classes around the globe that truly made the bicycle their own. For the first time in history, the masses were able to come and go as they pleased. No more need for expensive horses and carriages.
The rocketing demand led hundreds of new companies around the world to offer their own versions. At the Stanley Bicycle Show in London in 1895, about 200 bicycle makers exhibited 3,000 models. One of the biggest makers was Columbia Bicycles, whose factory in Hartford, Connecticut, could turn out a bicycle a minute thanks to its automated assembly line (流水线)—a pioneering technology that one day would become the backbone of the automobile industry. By 1898, a third of all patent applications in the US were bicycle related.
The bicycle even improved the human gene (基因) pool. Newly liberated young people rode around the countryside at will, meeting up in distant villages. Women were especially enthusiastic. They abandoned their troublesome skirts and took to the road in groups. Marriage records in England show a marked rise in inter village marriages during the bicycle craze of the 1890s.
25.What can we know about John Kemp Starley's first model
A. It was invented in 1888. B. It had two bigger wheels.
C. It did not have rubber tires. D. It was accepted immediately.
26.When were bicycles widely adopted by the public
A. In the 1860s. B. In the 1870s. C. In the 1880s. D. In the 1890s.
27.What are the statistics in paragraph 4 mainly about
A. The fast growing demand for bicycles.
B. The huge success of the bicycle industry.
C. The great convenience offered by bicycles.
D. The popularity of the newly invented bicycles.
H
Many people think that the world is about to step into the fourth industrial revolution. This time, machines can do a lot of work in the charge of human beings, even better than human beings. In the future, the world can be more efficient and enjoy cheaper services, but unemployment will become more common.
It raises a troubling question for all of us—when will a machine be able to do my job Katja Grace, a research associate at the University of Oxford's Future of Humanity Institute, and her colleagues from the AI Impacts project and the Machine Intelligence Research Institute, have surveyed 352 scientists and compiled (汇编) their answers into predictions about how long it may take for machines to outperform humans on various tasks.
The good news is that many of us will probably be safe in our jobs for some time to come. The researchers predict there is a 50% chance that machines will be capable of taking over all human jobs in 120 years.
“One of the biggest surprises was the overall lateness of the predictions,” says Grace. “I expected the amazing progress in machine learning in recent years, plus the fact that we were only talking to machine learning researchers, to make the estimates earlier.”
“I am a bit sceptical of some of the timelines given for tasks that involve physical manipulation (操纵),” says Jeremy Wyatt, professor of robotics and artificial intelligence at the University of Birmingham. “It is one thing doing it in the lab, and quite another having a robot that can do a job reliably in the real world better than a human.”
Manipulating physical objects in the real world—figuring out what to manipulate, and how, in a random, changing environment—is an incredibly complex job for a machine. Tasks that don't involve physical manipulation are easier to teach.
Perhaps the hardest jobs for machines to perform are those that take years of training for humans to excel at. These often involve intuitive (直觉的) decision making, complex physical environments or abstract thinking—all things that computers struggle with.
28.Why did the researchers conduct the survey on the future role of machines
A. To make it clear how machines can replace humans.
B. To find why machines can take the place of humans.
C. To explain humans will be substituted by machines.
D. To learn when machines may be superior to humans on jobs.
29.What did Grace think of the time for machines to replace humans on tasks
A. She thought the time would be totally uncertain despite the survey.
B. She thought the time would be later than predicted.
C. She thought the time would be earlier than predicted.
D. She thought machines would take over all the jobs in 120 years.
30.What can we infer from the opinion of Jeremy Wyatt
A. A robot can do a job reliably in the real world better than a human.
B. Tasks that don't involve physical manipulation are quite complicated.
C. It is difficult for robots to finish the jobs related to physical manipulation.
D. He is sure of the timelines given for tasks that involve physical manipulation.
永春一中高二年英语科技文阅读比赛参考答案
1-4DADC 5-8DCAB 9-12CDBD 13-16BCAA
17-20CACB 21-24CDAB 25-27CDB 28-30DCC
A
答案
[语篇解读] 语篇类型:说明文。主题语境:人与社会。 主旨:中国科学家新发现了一种可以抑制艾滋病病毒感染的蛋白质,这可能为研发抗艾滋病病毒的新药品开辟路径。
1.D 推理判断题。根据第三段中“PSGL 1 shows particular promise in that it can inhibit HIV in multiple ways—especially by blocking the infectiousness of virus offspring, Tan said.”可知,PSGL 1具有多种抗艾滋病病毒功能,展现良好的前景——尤其能抑制新生病毒的传染性。故PSGL 1蛋白在抵抗艾滋病病毒方面比其他蛋白功能更好。
2.A 推理判断题。根据第五段“Existing treatment methods for people with HIV/AIDS, which mostly rely on a combination of different drugs, can prevent the disease from progressing but cannot cure it, and long term use of drugs can result in drug resistance.”可知,目前艾滋病的治疗方式是多种药物的结合,往往治标不治本,长期使用还会让人产生抗药性,远远称不上完美。
3.D 主旨要义题。根据文章第一句中“Chinese scientists have identified a new protein that restricts HIV infection”和下文内容可知,文章大意为科学家证实了一种新的抗艾滋病病毒的蛋白质。
4.C 推理判断题。本文主要讲述中国科学家发现的一种新的抗艾滋病病毒的蛋白质,以及其后续的研究和影响。所以本文最有可能来自杂志。
B
答案
[语篇解读] 语篇类型:说明文。主题语境:人与社会。 主旨:混合动力汽车的优势以及和普通燃油车的区别。
5.D 细节理解题。根据第二段中A hybrid car is a bit more expensive to produce than a regular car可知,混合动力汽车要比普通的燃油车稍微贵些;根据第三段中的...it uses much less fuel than most cars.可知,混合动力汽车较为节能。综上所述可知High price, low carbon.最能概括混合动力汽车的特点。
6.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中The computer is constantly deciding whether the car will use electricity, gas, or a combination of the two.可知,这种车是通过电脑来确定使用何种动力的。
7.A 推理判断题。根据文章可知,混合动力汽车的最大的特点是使用两种能源,因此耗费燃料较少,节约能源,所以它被发明的目的就是节约能源。
8.B 推理判断题。文章介绍了混合动力汽车的驱动情况、它与普通的燃油车的区别和它的优势,由此推断文章可能出自科学杂志。
C
答案
[语篇解读] 语篇类型:说明文。主题语境:人与社会。主旨:“智能奶农助手”的工作原理、开发原因和人们对它的评价。
9.C 细节理解题。根据第二段前三句可知,“智能奶农助手”通过向奶农发送关于奶牛的实时信息来帮助奶农。
10.D 推理判断题。根据第五段内容可推知,Richard Watson认为这个系统帮了很大的忙,他对其很有信心。
11.B 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段内容可知,Yasir Khokhar提出了这个高科技系统的想法是因为一些农业技术已经过时了,并且大部分现有的技术很难使用。
12.D 主旨要义题。根据第一段前两句内容可知,一家荷兰公司已经开发出跟踪奶牛的运动和活动的技术。这个由人工智能和运动传感器驱动的高科技系统被称为“智能奶农助手”。
D
答案
[语篇解读] 本文介绍了研究人员研发的一款帮助四肢瘫痪的患者的机器人。
13.B 推理判断题。根据第一段内容“Tetraplegia (四肢瘫痪) patients are...Assistance from robots could help...can perform tasks in their place.”可知,文章第一段的目的是引出本文的话题“能帮助四肢瘫痪的患者完成一些任务的机器人”。
14.C 细节理解题。根据第二段第二、三句“They have developed a computer program...the robot simply with their thoughts.”可知,病人通过自己的思维控制机器人的动作,即机器人理解了病人的想法就会进行相应的操作。
15.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“‘Developing the detection technology...actions performed by the robot.' ”可知,Iason Batzianoula认为这款机器人的人工智能程序的开发面临着很多困难,即富于挑战性。
16.A 主旨要义题。根据全文内容,尤其是第一段的“Researchers have been working...in their place.”可知,本文主要介绍了一款机器人,四肢瘫痪的病人可以用大脑控制它。
E
答案
[语篇解读] 本文主要介绍了全球粮食生产危机下一种新型农业如何解决粮食短缺问题以及它的优势和特点。
17.C 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Industrial fishing is similarly driving ecological collapse in seas around the world.”可知,造成海洋生态破坏的是工业捕捞。
18.A 主旨要义题。根据第二段中的“New farming will enable the return of vast areas of land and sea to nature, greatly reducing carbon emissions (排放物)...for everyone.”可知,本段主要讲述新型农业的好处。
19.C 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Before long, most food will come neither from animals nor plants, but from micro organisms (微生物).”可知,作者认为在不久的将来,人们的食物来源主要是微生物。
20.B 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“However,...planet.”、第三段最后一句“Before long, ... micro organisms (微生物).”以及第四段第一句“Not only will...healthier.”可知,作者认为新型农业可以解决人类面临的粮食危机,人们的主要食物来源会改变,同时食物也会更便宜和健康。以上评价都是正面的,因此作者对新型农业的态度是积极的。
F
答案
[语篇解读] 一项研究表明,增加字母间距有助于帮助有阅读障碍的人阅读,让他们的阅读速度更快。
21.C 推理判断题。由第一段可知,与在合影中辨认朋友的脸有时很难一样,字母靠得太近也让人难以阅读,而研究表明加大字母间隔能帮助提高阅读速度并可能提高理解力,下文围绕这点展开讨论,因此可推知第一段的目的是引出文章的主题。
22.D 细节理解题。由第四段中的“People with dyslexia ... colored overlays (覆盖物).”和倒数第二段中的“Readers with dyslexia won't feel singled out by having to use special aids for reading.”可知,当有阅读障碍的人使用辅助物阅读时,他们会感到与他人不同。
23.A 推理判断题。由第一段中的“In fact,...understand more.”和下文关于研究的说明可知,本文主要是介绍一项科学研究,可能出现在报纸的“科学研究”专栏。
24.B 主旨要义题。由第一段中的“In fact,...understand more.”和第四段中的“However, ...5 percent.”可知,本文主题为“增加字母间距能帮助人们阅读”,B项“你只需要更多的空间”符合文意。
G
答案
[语篇解读] 文章主要介绍了自行车的发明历史及其给世界带来的巨大影响。
25.C 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“But two years later, ...the result was magic.”可反推,他的第一代自行车是没有橡胶轮胎的。
26.D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“For a few years in the 1890s, almost anyone wanted to learn to ride, and almost everyone did.”及最后一段中的“Marriage records...of the 1890s.”可知,自行车是在19世纪90年代被大众广泛采用的。
27.B 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The rocketing demand...3,000 models.”及“By 1898,a third of all patent applications in the US were bicycle related.”可推断,本段主要是用数据说明该行业的空前繁荣。
H
答案
[语篇解读] 本文主要讨论了“什么时候机器能做我的工作 ”这一问题。
28.D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It raises a troubling question...do my job ”以及“about how long it may take for...on various tasks.”可知,研究者对机器的未来作用进行调查,是想知道机器在执行各种任务上超越人类需要多长时间。
29.C 细节理解题。根据第四段,尤其是“I expected the amazing progress...to make the estimates earlier.”可知,Grace认为科学家预测的时间很晚,她预计时间应该会早一点。
30.C 推理判断题。根据第五段可知,Jeremy Wyatt认为机器很难在现实世界中比人类更可靠地操纵物体,由此推测机器人很难完成与物体操控相关的工作。
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