人教版（2019）选择性必修 第四册Unit 1 Science Fiction 单词讲解课件(共46张PPT)

(共46张PPT)
Unit 1 SCIENCE FICTION
WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS
词汇变形
1.appointment n.预约,委任→　 　　 　 adj.指定的
→　 　　 　 vt.任命,委派
2.salesman n.售货员,推销员→　 　 　　 n.女售货员
3.guilt n.犯罪,内疚→　　 　 　 adj.内疚的,有罪的
4.dismiss vt.解散,解雇→ 　　 　　n.解雇,开除
5. declare vt.表明,宣称,公布→　　 　　n.宣布,公告
6. calculate vt.计算,预测→　 　 　　计算,估算
7. division n.分开,分隔→　　 　　adj.分裂的,有分歧的
→　　 　　vt.分割,使分离
appoint
saleswoman
guilty
dismissal
appointed
declaration
calculation
divided
divide
8.urge n.欲望,冲动 vt.催促,力劝→　　 　　 adj.紧急的,催促的
→　　 　　 n.紧急的事
9.maximum n.最大量adj. 最大极限的→　　 　　 n.最小值adj. 最小极限的
10.explode vt./vi.爆炸,爆破→　　 　　 n.爆炸,爆破→
　　 　　 adj. 爆炸的
11.mud n.泥,泥浆→　　 　　 adj. 泥泞的
12.overstatement n.夸大,夸张→　　 　　 vt. 夸张,夸大
urgency
urgent
minimum
explosion
explosive
muddy
overstate
短语必背
1. ____________　　 科幻小说(或影片等)
2. _______ 检验; 测试
3. _________ 更像是; 更接近
4. ____________ 事物的利与弊; 支持与反对
5. __________ 比……更好; 更胜一筹
6. ________ 占上风; 取而代之; 接管; 接手
7. ___________ 与……冲突或抵触
8. ________ 关掉; 熄灭; 在场; 使朝外; 结果是
9. ________ (逐渐)减少; 消失
10. ______________ 有强烈的欲望做某事
science fiction
test out
more like
pros and cons
superior to
take over
conflict with
turn out
fall away
have an urge to
1. fiction n.小说 --- fictional adj.虚构的，小说中的
fictional character 虚构的人物
science fiction (sci-fi) abbr.SF
2. test out 检验，测试
3. bonus n.意外收获，奖金，红利
4. more like 更像是，更接近
less like 不像；something like 有点像
nothing like 丝毫不像；绝对不 There is nothing like... 没有比...好的
If we hear something like a loud train coming, we have to go in the basement. 如果我们听到像轰隆的火车接近声时，我们必须进入地下室。
5. ridiculous adj.愚蠢的，荒谬的，荒唐的
6. integrity n.诚实正直，完整，完好
7. dignity n.庄重，庄严，尊严
with dignity 有尊严地，大度地
He conducted himself with grace and dignity throughout the trial.
在整个审讯过程中他表现得优雅而有尊严。
8. salary n.薪水，薪金
9. absurd adj.荒谬的，荒唐的
10. appointment n.预约，约会，委任
appoint v.任命，委派
appointed adj.约定的
1. I’d like to make an appointment for next Wednesday afternoon.
我想预约到下星期三下午。
2. The doctor only sees patients by appointment.
那位医生只看预约的病人。
appointment n.预约；约会；委任
(1) make/have an appointment with sb. 和某人有约
keep an appointment 赴约
by appointment 按照预约
(2) appoint v. 任命；委派；安排；约定
appointed adj. 指定的；约好的
appoint sb. (as/to be) 任命某人(为……)
appoint sb. to do sth. 指派某人去做某事
单句语法填空/完成句子
① Call the secretary and make an (appoint) with the manager.
② If you are invited to dinner, you are supposed to arrive no later than the
(appoint) time.
③ A new engineer was appointed (deal) with the products returned by customers.
④ Word came that the committee appointed Mrs Brown chairwoman of the organization.
⑤ I am sorry that I can’t go to the bookstore with you because I
this Saturday.
我很抱歉不能和你一起去书店了，因为我这周六和牙医有约。
appointment
appointed
to deal
as
I have an
appointment with my dentist
11. nail n.指甲；钉子
v.钉牢，固定
12. saleswoman n.女销售员 salesman n.销售员
13. guilty adj.内疚的，有罪的，有过失的
guilt n.内疚；罪责
14. suspend v.悬挂，暂停 ，暂缓
suspension n.暂令停职；暂缓；推迟；延期
15. ladder n.梯子，阶梯
1. The guy was declared to be guilty of theft.
这家伙被宣告犯有盗窃罪。
2. The salesman felt guilty about having spread rumours indeliberately.
这个销售员因为无心地传播了谣言而感到内疚。
guilty adj. 内疚的；有罪的；有过失的
(1) be guilty of 犯有……罪
be/feel guilty at/about 对/为……感到内疚/有愧
(2) guilt n. 内疚；悔恨；犯罪；罪行
单句语法填空/完成句子
① John had a (guilt) look on his face, leaving all the tasks to me.
② I still feel guilty the things I said to my father when I was a teenager.
③ Henry was guilty abusing his power as a government official.
④ In this country, you are innocent until ．
在这个国家，一个人在被证实有罪之前，就是清白的。
guilty
about
of
proved guilty
16. dismiss v.解散，解雇，消除
dismissal n.开除，解雇
17. declare v.表明， 宣称，公布
declaration n.宣布
18. whereas conj.然而，但是，尽管
19. rumour n.谣言，传闻
20. presume v.假设，假定
presumer n.假定者；推测者
presumption n.推测；假定；设想
1. The Prime Minister has the power to dismiss and appoint senior ministers.
首相有权任免高级部长。
2. The shopkeeper gave the beggar one coin and dismissed him.
店主给了乞丐一个硬币并打发他离开。
dismiss vt. 让（某人）离开；解散；解雇；消除
dismiss/fire sb. for sth. 因……而解雇/开除某人
dismiss sb. (from sth.) 解雇/开除某人
单句语法填空/完成句子
① The suggestion should not (dismiss) out of hand.
② The servant was dismissed being lazy and dishonest.
③ On Thursday, the company announced their plan to ．
该公司周四宣布计划解雇180名员工。
be dismissed
for
dismiss 180 employees
1. The government has declared a state of emergency.
政府已宣布进入紧急状态。
2. She declared that the whole project was a waste of time and money.
她声称整个项目既浪费时间又浪费钱。
declare vt. 宣布；宣称；声明；表明
declare sb./sth. to be 宣布某人/某事是……
declare for/against 赞成/反对……
declare war (on/against．..) (向……)宣战
declare sth. open/closed 宣布……开始/结束
declare that 宣布……
单句语法填空/完成句子
① The moment Beijing Winter Olympics (declare) open on February 4, 2022, the whole country cheered.
② We must declare war any form of invasion, regardless of what a high price we will pay for the cruel battles to come.
③ August 8 was declared (be) National Fitness Day, when various events were held to encourage people to take more physical exercise.
④ The science fiction of the year.
这部科幻小说被宣布为年度最佳小说。
was declared
on/against
to be
was declared to be the best novel
21. fare n.车费，船费，飞机票价
22. weekly adj.每周的 n.周刊
23. on a ... basis 根据，以...的方式
We are going to be meeting there on a regular basis.
我们将定期在那里会面。
base n.基础；基底，底座
basic adj.基本的，基础的
basically adv.基本上；大体上
24. calculate v.计算，核算，预测
calculation n.计算；核算 calculator n.计算器
25. chairwoman n.女主席，女董事长，女委员长
1. The publishers planned to produce the journal on a weekly basis.
出版者计划将该期刊定为周刊。
2. She was chosen for the job on the basis of her qualifications.
她因资历适合而获选担任这项工作。
on a...basis 根据；以……的方式（基准）
on a regular basis 例行地；有规律地；定期地
on a daily or weekly basis 每天或每周
on the basis of 以……为基础/根据
单句语法填空/完成句子
① We’re going to be meeting there ．
我们将定期在那里会面。
② Benefit is calculated average weekly earnings.
补助金按平均周收入计算。
on a regular basis
on the basis of
1. You’ll need to calculate how much time the assignment will take.
你需要算一算要花多少时间才能完成分配的任务。
2. We calculate that the average size farm in Lancaster County is 65 acres.
我们计算出兰开斯特郡的农场面积平均为65英亩。
3. It is impossible to calculate what influence the man had on her life.
现在无法估计这个男人对她的生活产生了多大影响。
4. The calculator is a machine that can help us do a lot of calculations.
计算器是能帮助我们做很多计算的机器。
calculate vt. 计算；核算；预测
(1) calculate on 指望；期待
be calculated to do sth. 旨在做某事
It is calculated that... 据计算……
(2) calculator n. 计算器
calculation n. 计算；估算
单句语法填空/完成句子
① Laboratory work needs not only accurate measurements but also correct
(calculate).
② I adopted a cool dignified attitude that was calculated (discourage) familiarity.
③ Helen calculates the specialist to give her some advice on how to learn math well.
④ there was 47.9% of water shortage area in plain area, most of which was serious and medium water shortage area.
据计算，目前平原区缺水面积占47.9%，其中主要以重度和中度缺水为主。
calculations
to discourage
on
It was calculated that
26. gramme (gram) n.克（重量单位）
27. flour n.面粉
28. venue n.活动场地（音乐厅、会场等）
29. salesman n.售货员；推销员
30. alien n.外星人 ；外国人
adj.陌生的，外星的，外国的
31. pros and cons 事物的利与弊；支持与反对
32. blurred adj.模糊不清的，难以区分的
blur n.污迹；模糊不清的事物 v.使难以区分
33. superior adj.更好的，占优势的
superior to 比...更好，更胜一筹
superior in 在...方面优越
superior quality 优质，上等品 superior court 高等法院；上级法院
34. take over 占上风；取而代之，接管，接手
35. inaction n.无行动，不采取措施
1. This handbag is made of superior leather.
这只手提包由上等皮革制成。
2. Nobody wants you to be superior to them.
没有人愿意你超过他们。
3. He is senior to me.
他比我年长。
superior adj. 更好的；占优势的；（在级别或重要性上）更高的
be superior to 比……更好，更胜一筹
be junior to sb. 比某人年龄小/职位低
be senior to sb. 比某人年长/职位高
be inferior to sb./sth. 比……差/级别低
单句语法填空/完成句子
①This model is technically superior its competitors.
②As is shown in the report, only one salesman is junior me in the company.
③The Chairman always treats others with dignity, even to people much inferior
him in society.
④Helen was chosen for the job because she any other candidates.
海伦被选中做这项工作是因为她比其他任何候选人都优秀。
to
to
to
was superior to
1. She decided that I was the ideal person to take over the job.
她认定我是接手这份工作的最佳人选。
2. There are not enough trained younger men and women ready to take over from older experts.
现在人才青黄不接。
take over 接替；接任；接管；接手
take off 起飞；匆匆离去；脱下；大获成功
take on 呈现；雇用；承担
take in 包括；吸收；理解；欺骗；收留
take up 占据；开始从事
完成句子
① It was declared that he would the company after his father retired.
据宣布他将会在他父亲退休后接管这家公司。
② His career after his excellent performance in the film.
在这部电影里有了出色表现之后，他的事业大获成功。
③ There will be many challenges ahead, but I have confidence that I’ll the burden.
前面会有很多挑战，但我有信心勇挑重担。
④ I was by the salesman — the car turned out to be uneconomical and unreliable.
推销员欺骗了我——那辆汽车结果既不经济又不耐用。
⑤ Looking after her baby much of her time, but she still made use of her spare time to learn French.
照顾孩子占用了她大量时间，但是她仍然利用空闲时间来学习法语。
take over
took off
take on
taken in
took up
36. conflict with 与...冲突或抵触
conflict of interest 利益冲突
37. labour n.劳动(者)，体力劳动 labour force 劳动力
v.奋斗；努力工作 labour to do... 艰难地去做...
38. leather n.皮革 pl.皮衣，皮外套
39. lever n.操纵杆 ，杠杆
40. panel n.控制板，仪表盘，专家咨询组
1. These results conflict with earlier findings.
这些结果与早期的发现相矛盾。
2. Personal ethics and professional ethics sometimes conflict.
个人道德和职业道德有时会相互抵触。
conflict with 与……冲突或抵触
conflict n. 冲突；争执；争论　
v. (想法、信仰或陈述)冲突，抵触，相互矛盾
a conflict between two cultures两种文化的冲突
in conflict (with sb.)和某人有冲突或抵触
come into conflict发生冲突
单句语法填空/完成句子
① If so, your points of view are bound to conflict his.
② She found herself conflict with her parents over her future career.
③ They came conflict with the local villagers because of a heated quarrel.
④ The changes are sure to the old traditions, so we must give it a second thought.
变化一定与旧的传统相冲突，所以我们一定要三思。
with
in
into
conflict with
41. inch n.英寸
42. backwards / backward adv.向后；倒着；往回
backwards and forwards 来回地
She was rocking backwards and forwards in her seat.
她在座位上前摇后晃。
backward adj.向后的；落后的 backward area 落后地区
43. grip v.紧握，抓紧
44. hazy adj.模糊的，朦胧的，困惑的
45. niece n.侄女，外甥女
46. fetch v.去拿，去请来
47. handkerchief n.手帕，纸巾
48. lamp n.灯，台灯
49. turn out 在场，使朝外，结果是
50. pace n.速度；步伐；节奏
v.确定速度，调整节奏
1. Sometimes things don’t turn out the way we think they’re going to.
有时事情并不像我们认为的那样发展。
2. Unexpectedly the weather turned out pretty nice that day.
出乎意料的是，那天天气特别好。
turn out 关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是
It turns out that．.. 结果……
turn up 调高(音量等)；出现
turn down 调低(音量等)；拒绝
turn in 上交；交还，退还
turn on 打开(水、煤气、电灯等)
turn off 关闭(水、煤气、电灯等)
turn to 求助于；致力于；翻到(书的某页)；查阅；转向
完成句子
① It that just looking at green, growing things can reduce stress, lower blood pressure, and put people into a better mood.
事实证明，只是看一看绿色的、生长中的东西就能减轻压力，降低血压，让人心情更好。
② The meeting has already begun, but the chairman hasn’t yet.
会议已开始，但是主席还没出现。
③ I don’t understand why John Mary’s kind offer.
我不明白约翰为什么拒绝玛丽善意的帮助。
④ I often my classmates or teachers for help. As a result, I have made steady progress in my studies.
我经常向同学或老师求助。结果，我在学习上不断取得进步。
turns out
turned up
turned down
turn to
1. Instead of moving at his usual stately pace, he was almost running.
他没像平时那样优雅从容地走着，而是几乎跑了起来。
2. With four laps to go, he kept pace with the leaders.
还剩4圈的时候，他与那些领先者并驾齐驱。
3. Ted paced the floor restlessly.
特德焦躁地在屋里走来走去。
pace n. 速度；步伐；节奏　
vt.& vi.确定速度；调整节奏
(1) keep pace with(与……)齐步前进；(与……)并驾齐驱
set the pace 确定速度；确立标准；领先
(2) pace up and down来回踱步
完成句子
① Our understanding often fails to the march of events.
我们的认识常常赶不上形势的发展。
② The company is no longer in the home computer market.
这家公司再也不能在国内计算机市场上独领风骚了。
③ The teacher outside the room.
老师在屋子外面来回走着。
keep pace with
setting the pace
paced up and down
51. fall away (逐渐)减少，消失
52. division n.分开，分隔，差异，除法
divide v.分开；分隔 divided adj.有分裂的，有分歧的
53. puff n.一缕烟；少量；喘息
54. urge n.强烈的欲望；冲动
v.催促，力劝 urge sb to do sth催促sb做sth
have an urge to 有强烈的欲望做sth
urgent adj.紧急的，迫切的---urgently adv.紧急地
urgency n.紧急；催促
55. random adj.随机的，不可思议的
random sample/selection 随机抽样；随意采样
randomly adv.无目的地；胡乱地
randomness n.随意；不可测性
1. His supporters fell away as his popularity declined.
随着他的名望下降，他的支持者渐渐离他而去。
2. All our doubts fell away.
我们的一切疑虑都烟消云散。
fall away （逐渐）减少；消失
fall over 倒下，摔倒；被……绊倒
fall down 跌倒
fall off 从……摔下(其后直接跟宾语)
fall behind 落后；跟不上
fall in love with 爱上(某人/某地)
完成句子
① The sales of cold drinks usually in winter.
冷饮的销售额在冬季通常是减少的。
② Many foreign tourists China the first time they pay a visit to this great country.
很多外国游客在第一次访问中国这个伟大的国家时，就爱上了它。
③ The baby who is only ten months old can’t stand steadily and
from time to time.
这个只有十个月大的婴儿不能平稳地站立，不时地摔倒。
④ If you don’t come to class regularly, you will in your studies.
如果你经常不来上课，学习成绩就会落在别人后面。
⑤ But in winter, when leaves trees, they also fly away.
但是到了冬天，当树叶落下的时候，它们也飞走了。
fall away
fall in love with
falls down/over
fall behind
fall off
1. The vacation is coming and I have an urge to travel.
假期就要到了，我很想去旅游。
2. They urged parliament to approve plans for their reform programme.
他们敦促议会批准他们的改革方案。
urge n. 强烈的欲望；冲动　
vt. 催促；力劝；大力推荐
(1) have/feel an urge to do sth. 有强烈的欲望做某事
(2) urge sth./sb. on 催促某物/某人前进
urge sb. to do sth. 催促某人做某事
urge that... (should) do sth. 极力主张/强调……做某事
It is urged that... (should) do sth. 极力主张/强调……做某事
(3) urgent adj. 紧急的；迫切的
单句语法填空/完成句子
① I never had/felt an urge (learn) any sign language before.
② The local government urged the factory (take) steps to stop the pollution.
③ is strongly urged that all the factories should stop discharging sewage into the river.
④ The people in the earthquake-stricken area are in (urge) need of food, medicine and shelters.
⑤ Our teacher with the College Entrance Examination drawing near.
随着高考的临近，老师敦促我们努力学习。
to learn
to take
It
urgent
urges us to study hard
56. maximum adj.最大极限的 --- minimum adj.最小极限的
n.最大量；最大限度 n.最小量；最小限度
57. explode v.爆炸
explosion n.爆炸
explosive adj.易爆炸的
58. jolt n.震动，摇晃，颠簸
v.使震动，摇晃
59. flip v.快速翻转，轻抛
60. stun v.使震惊 ，使昏迷
61. mud n.泥，泥浆 muddy adj.泥泞的
62. overstatement n.夸大，夸张
overstate v.夸大，夸张
state v.陈述；公布/ n.状态，状况；州，政府/ adj.州的，政府的
The Three-Body Problem 《三体》
Hugo Award雨果奖
根据英文解释猜单词。
1.a formal arrangement to meet or visit sb at a particular time, especially for a reason connected with their work_____________
2.to say sth officially or publicly____________
3.to suppose that sth is true, although you do not have actual proof___________
4.to use numbers to find out a total number, amount, distance, etc._______
5.the process or result of dividing into separate parts; the process or result of dividing sth or sharing it out_______
6.to advise or try hard to persuade sb to do sth_________
appointment
declare
presume
calculate
division
urge
7.to burst or make sth burst loudly and violently, causing damage_____________
8.something is described in a way that makes it seem more important or serious than it really is.______
9.belonging to a different country, race, or group, or a creature from outer space___________
10.a man or woman whose job is to sell goods, for example, in a shop/store_______
11.feeling ashamed because you have done sth that you know is wrong or have not done sth that you should have done__________
explode
overstatement
alien
salesman /saleswoman
literary
12.to put thoughts or feelings out of your mind;to officially remove sb from their job__________
13.an extra amount of money that is added to a payment, especially to sb's wages as a reward_________
14.to hang sth from sth else;to officially stop sth for a time______
15.not clear; without a clear outline or shape_________
16.not clear because of haze;not clear because of a lack of memory, understanding or detail_______
17.wet earth that is soft and sticky__________
bonus
suspend
blurred
hazy
mud
dismiss