练习58 阅读理解＋读后续写
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
2022·全国乙卷 说明文 300词 ★★★★☆
The Government's sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown.
First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity (肥胖). It is believed that today's children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.
Initially the sugar tax was expected to make ￡520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate ￡240m for the year ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports.
It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers (制造商) so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers' efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content.
However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities (设施) and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.
1．Why was the sugar tax introduced
A．To collect money for schools.
B．To improve the quality of drinks.
C．To protect children's health.
D．To encourage research in education.
2．How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax
A．They turned to overseas markets.
B．They raised the prices of their products.
C．They cut down on their production.
D．The reduced their products' sugar content.
3．From which of the following is the sugar tax collected
A．Most alcoholic drinks.
B．Milk based drinks.
C．Fruit juices.
D．Classic Coke.
4．What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy
A．It is a short sighted decision.
B．It is a success story.
C．It benefits manufacturers.
D．It upsets customers.
B
2022·全国乙卷 说明文 307词 ★★★★☆
Can a small group of drones (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year That is the very likely future of applying today's “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient (高效) across the board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews' efforts.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don't need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast moving trains would be able to react in time.
5．What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible
A.The use of drones in checking on power lines.
B．Drones' ability to work at high altitudes.
C．The reduction of cost in designing drones.
D．Drones' reliable performance in remote areas.
6．What does “maintenance” underlined in Paragraph 3 refer to
A．Personnel safety.
B．Assistance from drones.
C．Inspection and repair.
D．Construction of infrastructure.
7．What function is expected of the rail drones
A．To provide early warning.
B．To make trains run automatically.
C．To earn profits for the crews.
D．To accelerate transportation.
8．Which is the most suitable title for the text
A．What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones
B．How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded
C．What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face
D．How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways
Ⅱ.读后续写
[2023·重庆市质调Ⅱ]阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Being Planted
“106！” The cry of disappointment breaks the silence of the peaceful night.
In darkness, he stands still there, with tears dropping continuously from his eyes.
He is a 5th year Ph. D. student majoring in biology. This is his 106th attempt to cultivate strawberries which could bear extreme climates. In his 105th experiment, he did all the precautions that he knew could lead him closer to his goal. Every generation of the strawberry seemed to bring him closer to success, but every time the result was alike—failure, failure, failure. He has literally got used to it. But this time, he can hardly help feeling frustrated and angry.
“Who stole my experimental strawberry！”
Last night, when he got to the field, he was thrilled. Although most of the plants were obviously dying, one plant stood vigorously in the middle of the experimental field. The plant was labeled “Plant No. 106”. What a coincidence! In his 106th attempt, the 106th plant was finally mutating (变异) in its ideal way—the spark of hope, to him.
Last night, Plant No. 106's fruit started to turn red. He was never so close to success. What he needed to do was wait for several days to harvest that pink, shiny and attractive fruit. But this night, the fruit disappears. So does his hope.
“3 years' effort! 1，096 days' struggling! 13，152 hours' DNA editing and experiment. ALL GONE！” he murmurs to himself. He regrets that he didn't get a small sample of the stolen strawberry last night.
Now he is using his fingers to dig the ground. He doesn't know why he is doing so. He is well aware that the results of the past 106 attempts are all wasted because of the incident and his not taking the sample in time. He has no seeds left. At the present, he seems to have only 2 choices: to start from the very beginning, or to give up.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
He uses his fingers to dig the soil of that inch of field which used to contain his hope.________________________________________________________________________
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He is so excited that he bursts into tears.________________________________________________________________________
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答题策略
语法填空——词语辨析
常见词语辨析
① many修饰或代替可数名词复数；much修饰或代替不可数名词
② “时间段＋ago”相对现在多久以前；“时间段＋before”相对过去多久以前
③ some用于肯定句；any用于疑问句和否定句
④ so与very均可修饰形容词或副词的原级，much多修饰比较级，very much修饰动词
⑤ ever“从来，在任何时候，曾经”；never“从来不”
⑥ latest为形容词，意为“最新的”；later作副词表示“较晚地；后来”，与表示时间的词连用，表示“……之后”
⑦ beside为介词，表示“在……旁边”；besides为副词，表示“除此以外(还)”
⑧ used to do sth.“过去常常做某事”；be used to doing sth.“习惯于做某事”
⑨ no相当于not a或not any；not否定动词练习7 单句语法填空＋阅读理解
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(非谓语动词Ⅰ)
1．[2023·浙江杭州外国语学校检测]The 5G services are now being used in 50 cities, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen ________ (include).
2．[2023·安徽师大附中期中]Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever－increasing populations, greatly ________ (reduce) waterfowl habitat.
3．[2023·辽宁大连双基测试]The Chinese people have the custom of sticking up pictures ________ (celebrate) the traditional Spring Festival.
4．[2023·山东烟台学业水平诊断]________ (build) in the Song Dynasty, the town offers pleasant views and landscapes of ancient China, characterized by picturesque canals crossed by arch bridges and whitewashed houses that overlook the water.
5．Life is like riding a bicycle. ________ (keep) your balance, you must keep moving.
6．Children above 16 are encouraged to take part in these outdoor recreational and sports activities specially ________ (design) for them.
7．More than 2 million foreign tourists are expected to visit the US by the end of the year, ________ (contribute) a lot to the US economy.
8．Drivers are not the only ones ________ (blame) for the irresponsibility that accounts for many of the automobile accidents.
9．Many people think any government's work should be evaluated ________ (base) on citizens' happiness level.
10．Guests ________ (invite) to this international meeting are mainly scholars, politicians, and representatives of international organizations.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
2022·全国甲卷 夹叙夹议文 320词 ★★☆☆☆
Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discovered its harbor. Then, one after another, Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sort of there—broad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse population. But it is the harbor that makes the city.
Andrew Reynolds, a cheerful fellow in his early 30s, pilots Sydney ferryboats for a living. I spent the whole morning shuttling back and forth across the harbor. After our third run Andrew shut down the engine, and we went our separate ways—he for a lunch break, I to explore the city.
“I'll miss these old boats，” he said as we parted.
“How do you mean？”I asked.
“Oh, they're replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but they're not so elegant, and they're not fun to pilot. But that's progress, I guess.”
Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and progress are the watchwords (口号), and traditions are increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald, the city's official historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings. “Sydney is confused about itself，” she said.“We can't seem to make up our minds whether we want a modern city or a traditional one. It's a conflict that we aren't getting any better at resolving (解决).”
On the other hand, being young and old at the same time has its attractions. I considered this when I met a thoughtful young businessman named Anthony.“Many people say that we lack culture in this country，” he told me.“What people forget is that the Italians, when they came to Australia, brought 2000 years of their culture, the Greeks some 3000 years, and the Chinese more still. We've got a foundation built on ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism of a young country. It's a pretty hard combination to beat.”
He is right, but I can't help wishing they would keep those old ferries.
1．What is the first paragraph mainly about
A．Sydney's striking architecture.
B．The cultural diversity of Sydney.
C．The key to Sydney's development.
D．Sydney's tourist attractions in the 1960s.
2．What can we learn about Andrew Reynolds
A．He goes to work by boat.
B．He looks forward to a new life.
C．He pilots catamarans well.
D．He is attached to the old ferries.
3．What does Shirley Fitzgerald think of Sydney
A．It is losing its traditions.
B．It should speed up its progress.
C．It should expand its population.
D．It is becoming more international.
4．Which statement will the author probably agree with
A．A city can be young and old at the same time.
B．A city built on ancient cultures is more dynamic.
C．Modernity is usually achieved at the cost of elegance.
D．Compromise should be made between the local and the foreign.
B
2023·石家庄高三质检 说明文 288词 ★★★☆☆
In Grytviken in the South Atlantic lies the South Georgia Museum, one of the most remote museums in the world.
South Georgia Museum is located in Grytviken's old whaling station. Whaling, or the hunting of whales for their usable natural products, such as meat and oil, ceased there in 1964. The building that now houses the museum once served as the whaling manager's home and office and was left unused for over 20 years before it opened to the public as a museum in 1992.
There are no passenger flights to or from Grytviken, so the majority of visitors arrive on a ship. The island itself only sees about 10，000 visitors a year and there are no permanent residents, only a group of 20 scientists, maintenance staff, and museum workers who brave the island's cold weather conditions. Traveling to the museum requires advance planning. South Georgia Museum staff all travel to the island from abroad for the southern hemisphere (半球) spring, or mid October, and most come from the United Kingdom, around 8，000 miles north.
The museum, which offers free admission, “aims to make this history and heritage accessible both to the visiting public and to those unable to visit this remote region through education, exhibitions and outreach”， according to its website. It houses a natural history collection, artifacts, exhibitions related to the early history of sealing and whaling as well as Antarctic explorer Sir Ernest Shackleton, and more. The museum rooms are named after individuals who contributed to the growth or conservation of the island in some way.
The temperature is ideal for visitors from October through December, but still, daytime highs don't often reach above 40 degrees Fahrenheit. For those who work there, Internet access is patchy and fresh food options are rare. It's not a place for everyone, but for the staff that call it home for parts of the year, it's a unique form of paradise. “Stepping away from the world has been a treat，” said Pierce, one of the staff.
5．What can we learn about the South Georgia Museum
A.It is accessible to visitors by air.
B．It opened to the public in 1964.
B．It has 20 maintenance workers.
D．It used to be a whaling station.
6．Who are the rooms of the museum named after
A．Managers of the whaling station.
B．Adventurers exploring the Antarctic.
C．Those who made contributions to the island.
D．Individuals who conserved whales from extinction.
7．What does the underlined word “patchy” mean in the last paragraph
A．Poor. B．Easy.
C．Free. D．Quick.
8．In which column of a website can we find this text
A．Animals. B．People.
C．Travel. D．News.
黄金考点
语法填空——名词
考点12 名词作介词宾语
考例 Filled with ________ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left.
点拨 填curiosity，充当介词with的宾语。
考点13 名词作表语
考例 Chinese New Year is a ________ (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of the spring.
点拨 中国新年是一个标志着冬季结束和春季开始的庆祝活动。空前的冠词a是名词作表语的标志，故填celebration。练习29 语法填空＋七选五＋完形填空
Ⅰ.语法填空
2023·武汉市调研 说明文 210词 ★★☆☆☆
Watching the stars while lying in a tent hotel 1.________ sitting under the large outdoor shade with a cup of coffee certainly sounds like an appealing treat. Chinese travelers are appreciating such 2.________ (experience)，as glamping (豪华露营) has emerged as a new vacation trend.
During the recent holiday, Zhao Yue from Beijing joined her friends for a vacation in a camping site in the Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Gannan.
Located at 3.________ average altitude (海拔) of 3，000 meters, a vast grassland there offers the perfect 4.________ (relax) in nature. The site has a row of camping tents as well as steel framed tents with Tibetan style decorations and modern facilities, offering campers like Zhao a mix of tradition and luxury.
“The hotel is 5.________ fantastic nature meets modern luxury, and spending a night there is like living in the nature，” Zhao said. Although a room cost 1，000 yuan, Zhao 6.________ (treasure) the opportunity to relax in the natural environment.
Such tent hotels 7.________ (build) in forests, valleys, on the grassland, or along rivers are gaining 8.________ (rise) popularity among Chinese tourists. Many travelers also prefer to set up their own tents on campgrounds by renting equipment.
Glamping, this absorbing new vacation trend, features camping with basic conveniences. 9.________ (like) traditional camping, it is a different way 10.________ (ease) the pressure of urban life with the adventure recreation.
Ⅱ.七选五
2023·福州市质检 说明文 320词 ★★☆☆☆
It's always exciting to begin a new job. But among the frenzy(极度激动)of meeting new colleagues, starting new projects, and building new skills, there can be a stressful pressure to succeed. A big part of your success is determined by how quickly you are able to digest lots of information, which can be very hard.1.________.
*Manage yourself
When you notice information overload, don't ignore it and don't panic. Say to yourself, “I'm in a new job and there is plenty to learn here. It's okay to feel this way.”2.________. Remember that emotions can help you better understand yourself and your values.
*Sort your information
3．________． It keeps what it needs more immediately in our short term memory, and it mixes together information we may need to use in the future to store in our long term memory. For the information that's not needed, our brain acts like a garbage management, recycling and deleting it.
*4.________
Organizations often have digital knowledge management systems to store and take important information. You can do the same to reduce brain burden. I recommend creating a Word document in which you write down information that your brain doesn't need to remember or store.
*Reduce task switching
Multitasking isn't good for you physically or mentally and is worse for your productivity and cognition (认知). 5.________. You can go for longer than that, but be sure to take a break. Focused activity is less taxing than multitasking, but you can't keep working endlessly.
A．Respond positively
B．Use technology to help
C.That problem is much easier to understand and solve
D.Here are some methods to deal with the information overload
E．For greater results, focus on one task for around 25 minutes
F．Our brain is like a clever piece of equipment that “takes in information”
G.This self talk helps normalize the situation and makes the emotions easier to handle
Ⅲ.完形填空
2020·新高考Ⅰ卷 记叙文 298词 ★★☆☆☆
Molai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay near some wetlands which became his second __1__. He learned the value and beauty of __2__ there from a very young age.
When he was 16, Molai began to notice something __3__ happening around his home. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the __4__ it caused had driven away a number of birds. __5__， the number of snakes had declined as well. He __6__ that it was because there weren't enough trees to protect them from the __7__. The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek __8__ during the daytime. He turned to the __9__ department for help but was told that nothing would grow there. However, Molai went looking on his own and __10__ a nearby island where he began to plant trees.
__11__ young plants in the dry season was __12__ for a lone boy. Molai built at the __13__ of each sapling (幼树) a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to __14__ rainwater. The water would then drip (滴落) on the plants below.
Molai __15__ to plant trees for the next 37 years. His efforts have resulted in 1，360 acres of naturally grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.
1．A.dream B．job
C．home D．choice
2．A.nature B．youth
C．culture D．knowledge
3．A.precious B．interesting
C．disturbing D．awkward
4．A.waste B．tension
C．pain D．damage
5．A.Besides B．However
C．Therefore D．Otherwise
6．A.agreed B．realized
C．remembered D．predicted
7．A.noise B．heat
C．disease D．dust
8．A.directions B．partners
C．help D．shelter
9．A.labor B．police
C．forest D．finance
10．A.rebuilt B．discovered
C．left D．managed
11．A.Decorating B．Observing
C．Watering D．Guarding
12．A.tough B．illegal
C．fantastic D．beneficial
13．A.back B．top
C．foot D．side
14．A.cool down B．keep off
C．purify D．collect
15．A.returned B．learned
C．failed D．continued
黄金考点
语法填空——非谓语动词
考点42 不能把不定式符号to误用作介词
考例 As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked ________ (watch) them, my parents would not let me.
点拨 ask to do sth.“请求去做某事”，此处是不定式， 故应填to watch。
考点43 注意不定式符号to的遗漏
考例 I tell my mom that if we're forced ________ (eat) things, we may become ill.
点拨 force sb. to do sth. “强迫某人去做某事”，为固定搭配，其被动形式为(sb.) be forced to do sth.，故应填to eat。练习9 单句语法填空＋阅读理解
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(名词和代词)
1．[2023·山东青岛期中模拟]As a natural entertainer with an inexhaustible ________ (curious) about the world, he said he'd be happy to dress up as a clown if it could get children interested in science.
2．[2023·河北石家庄二中月考]Films such as The Martian enjoy worldwide ________ (popular), especially among the youngsters in their thirties.
3．[2023·四川广安一诊]Chinese parents are glad that the government is stepping in to help ________ (they) control their children's interest in games.
4．[2023·北京石景山区期末]My father told me, “When your forefinger points at others' back, you have other three fingers pointing at ________ (you) and you will be fought back with triple power.”
5．The above views may or may not be correct. They are only for your ________ (refer).
6．When ________ comes to diet and exercise, we know what to do, but we don't do what we know.
7．It was difficult to save the palaces and buildings without destroying ________ (they) old beauty.
8．Honesty is the foundation to behave ________ (one) and start one's career.
9．I dislike ________ when people talk with their mouths full.
10．She encourages others to make their own choices, and to respect ________ (she), too.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
2023·沈阳市高三质检 应用文 320词 ★★☆☆☆
Office Assistants—The Green Army Pty Ltd Our client is one of the fastest growing solar renewable energy companies in Australia. Please attach a letter as to why you feel you are suited to this role. What we're offering： ·Full training ·Ongoing support About you： ·Passion ·Teamwork ·Excellent communication skills If this sounds like you and you are keen to be part of a great team, then hit the APPLY button now.
Sales Assistants—Surge Direct Pty Ltd We are Australia's fastest growing sales company! What we're offering： ·Wonderful working environment and a genuine, young, family like culture. ·Sightseeing—places you've never heard of with the best team! About you： ·18＋ ·Permanent Australian resident
Animal Attendants—Imparra Pet Motel Imparra Pet Motel is a family owned and operated pet boarding facility for dogs and cats. About you： ·Profession ·Sympathy ·Responsibility ·Availability—365 days a year Experience of working in a pet motel or an animal related business is an advantage, but not a necessity. We are sorry, but due to the high number of applications, only suitable applicants will be contacted. Please do not call our office regarding this job advertisement. Applications must be submitted via our website.
Administrative Assistants—Results Legal Results Legal is a highly respected law firm based in Brisbane. About you： ·Ambition ·Optimism ·Perseverance Someone with a minimum of 3 years left to study would be ideal. You may just be starting your career in administration or you may be a university student, who is looking to expand your legal skills and experience in a professional work environment while studying. Click the Employment Opportunities link on our Contact Us page.
1.What bonus can a sales assistant in Surge Direct Pty Ltd get
A．Full training. B．Ongoing support.
C．Free travelling. D．Boarding facilities.
2．What can we learn about the applicants of the Animal Attendants
A．Applicants are allowed to contact Imparra Pet Motel for more information.
B．Applicants should attach the recent pictures to their applications.
C．Applicants with experience of working in a pet motel is a necessity.
D．Applicants have to work outside their usual hours when required.
3．Which company is most likely to hire a law student
A．The Green Army Pty Ltd.
B．Surge Direct Pty Ltd.
C．Imparra Pet Motel.
D．Results Legal.
B
2023·盐城市模拟 说明文 318词 ★★★☆☆
This year saw the publication, in stages, of the sixth report by the UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)—a report which was depressing reading for many climate scientists, and in some ways offered a ray of hope.
Why is it depressing Because the report confirmed what scientists have been saying for years: that human activity, particularly in the form of emissions (排放) of greenhouse gases, is responsible for the warming in the past few centuries, and that unless such emissions are greatly reduced, we will in the future bring about our entire ecosystem's destruction.
The report concluded that 1.5℃ of global warming over the next couple of hundred years is already “baked__in”. This makes the goals outlined in the 2015 Paris Agreement—that nations agreed to keep warming below 2℃， and hopefully below 1.5℃—much harder to meet. Worse still, the IPCC report was followed later in the year by the COP27, described by Prof Dann Mitchell, as “a complete failure, other than some commitment to loss and damage”．
And the ray of hope The IPCC's sixth report was broader in the approach than previous studies—taking an in depth look for the first time at the role played in warming by short term greenhouse gases such as methane (甲烷), for instance.
“Reducing carbon emissions is always the best approach: stop the problem at its source，” said Mitchell.“But we also need other approaches to help with this. Methane is important, but it's so short lived—that's why we haven't been so bothered when compared with CO2.”
The IPCC working groups showed potential adaptation paths, and they are the other things we can do in terms of fighting climate change and relieving its worst effects, rather than simply reducing carbon emissions. This would include taking measures such as switching to a more plant based diet (to reduce methane emissions), controlling population growth, reducing financial inequality and developing means by which we might remove CO2 that's already in our atmosphere, rather than simply preventing it being released.
4．Which of the following can best describe the sixth report by the IPCC
A．Seemingly contradictory.
B．Wholly promising.
C．Particularly hopeless.
D．Exceptionally new.
5．What does the underlined phrase “baked in” in Paragraph 3 mean
A．Out of date. B．To the full.
C．Under discussion. D．In progress.
6．According to the passage, what can we learn about methane
A．It has been long regarded as a major source of global warming.
B．Its role in global warming had been overlooked before the report.
C．Its boost to global warming is as much as other greenhouse gases.
D．It is considered as a new approach to reducing global warming.
7．How many aspects do the adaptation paths involve in the last paragraph
A．2. B．3.
C．4. D．5.
黄金考点
语法填空——比较级和最高级
考点17 有标志词than的比较级
考例 According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years ________ (long) than non runners.
点拨 句中有比较级标志词than，故用long的比较级形式longer。
考点18 暗含在语意中的比较级
考例 Even ________ (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.
点拨 表示比这“更糟糕的是”，暗含比较意味，故用其比较级形式worse。
考点19 形容词最高级
考例 One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their ________ (fine) work, so that he could choose the best.
点拨 句意：皇上把所有的优秀画家都召集来展示他们最好的作品，以便他能选出最佳作品。故应填最高级finest。练习30 阅读理解＋应用文写作
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
2023·昆明市高三质检 说明文 333词 ★★☆☆☆
An Arizona aquarium is celebrating the hatching of three endangered African penguin chicks, saying the tiny additions are genetically valuable as zoos and aquariums around the world work to ensure the species' survival through breeding (培育) programs and conservation efforts.
Officials at OdySea Aquarium made the announcement on Friday, posting the video of the cute birds on social media. They hatched a few weeks ago and will remain behind the scenes with their parents until they're ready for a public appearance.
African penguins have suffered a massive population decline over the decades and are listed as endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. So any successful hatching is cause for celebration, said Jessica Peranteau, director of animal training and education at the aquarium.
“As the population of the African penguin continues to rapidly decline—down 23% in the past two years alone—OdySea Aquarium remains committed to the survival of the species in partnership with Association of Zoos and Aquariums，” Peranteau said in a statement. The breeding program established by the organization aims to build up a gene bank for the species.
Officials say two of the three new chicks in Scottsdale were born to parents Mojo and Lemieux—a power couple of sorts that was selected for pairing as part of the breeding program. The third chick was born to first time parents Bubbles and Weasley.
Aquarium workers will regularly conduct “chick checks”， brief exams to monitor their growth and development and ensure they are hitting all necessary milestones. The three chicks have yet to be named, and their sex hasn't yet been determined. For now they're known by their numbers, 42，43 and 44. In all, OdySea Aquarium now has 40 African penguins and has recorded 13 successful hatching.
1．How did OdySea Aquarium announce the birth of the chicks
A．By advertising its breeding program.
B．By uploading a video of them online.
C．By holding a contest to name them.
D．By offering a free visit to the zoo.
2．What is special about OdySea Aquarium
A．It works on its own to protect penguins.
B．It aims to create new habitats for penguins.
C．It has hatched 40 African penguins so far.
D．It focuses on the survival of the penguins.
3．What can we learn about the three penguin chicks
A．They were born to the same parents.
B．They were raised by a power couple.
C．Their gender has been identified.
D．Their growth is monitored closely.
4．What is the text mainly about
A．Endangered penguin chicks hatch at OdySea Aquarium.
B．Penguin chicks make their first appearance in public.
C．African penguins suffer a sharp decline in populations.
D．Newly born penguins are taken good care of in zoos.
B
2023·牡丹江月考 议论文 298词 ★★☆☆☆
Most of us will be familiar with the traditional talent show set up: thousands of hopefuls line up outside the audition (试音) room, wait for hours to go in and perform for a group of judges. Then these potential pop stars could be lucky and get through to the next round, or they might hear the command, “Sorry, it's a no from me.” But what do the judges actually bring to a talent show
Music talent show judges attract millions of viewers each week to their programs. As public figures, they play an important part in advertising campaigns for these programs. They often receive high salaries and can be moody. Are they really worth the expenses and difficulties that they can cause One solution might be to replace them with computers.
Can computers really match human judges Scientist Dr Nick Collins and his team at the University of Sussex think they can. Dr Collins has been working on a project that involves programming three computerized judges that he says would be far more consistent in their judgment of musical performances. Employing a special programming language, Dr Collins's digital judges can be trained up by “listening” to particular musical styles. After they have been listening for a while, the programming language allows these judges to spot the specific features of the music, including the voice quality, the rhythm etc. Collins says, “The judges' listening capacity is not yet as good as a human ear, but they won't be as moody as some human reality TV show judges.”
Maybe that is the problem with this electronic musical innovation. Real human judges on talent shows interest us with their personality, decisions and catchy phrases. Will a computer program be able to do the same
5．The arrangements of the traditional talent show are described in Paragraph 1 to ________．
A．find out more potential pop stars
B．show the popularity of the talent show
C．make people familiar with the talent show
D．bring up the topic of talent show judges
6．What is the key message conveyed in Paragraph 2
A．Music talent shows are very competitive.
B．Music talent shows cost too much money.
C．There are some problems with talent show judges.
D．There are too many advertisements in talent show programs.
7．How does Collins think about his computerized judges
A．They can listen as well as human ears.
B．They will be welcomed by the public.
C．They will be perfect for any talent show.
D．They can judge more fairly than human judges.
8．What's the author 's opinion about replacing real human judges with computerized ones
A．Doubtful. B．Interested.
C．Satisfied. D．Optimistic.
Ⅱ.应用文写作
[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]假定你是李华，外教Ryan准备将学生随机分为两人一组，让大家课后练习口语，你认为这样分组存在问题。请你给外教写一封邮件，内容包括：
1. 说明问题；
2. 提出建议。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Dear Ryan，
I'm Li Hua from Class 3.________________________ ____________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua练习48 阅读理解＋七选五＋应用文写作
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
2023·广东模拟Ⅰ 说明文 310词 ★★★★☆
For some people, October is Octobear. On October 5, Katmai National Park and Preserve in southern Alaska kicked off Fat Bear Week, when fans compare before and after photos of bears to vote for the one they think has gained the most weight before they bed down for the long freezing winter. Bear 747, also known as “Bear Force One”， took the first place spot with 68，105 votes. It weighed around 1，400 pounds.
Fat Bear Week started in 2014. At first, it was just Fat Bear Tuesday. Mike Fitz, a former park keeper at Katmai, noticed that live webcams showing the bears generated a lot of online comments, so he let people vote for their favorite fat bear on the Internet. The one day event attracted 1，700 votes. In 2015 , it was extended to a week. Last year, nearly 800，000 people got involved, turning it into a global campaign.
The contest serves two main purposes. First, some of America's national parks are in remote and undeveloped areas, which are difficult or costly to reach. Fat Bear Week brings Alaska's wilderness to fans' computer screens. “ It's not limited to the fortunate few who can go to the river anymore，” Fitz said.
Second, Fat Bear Week brings attention to the bears and the ecosystems they live in. “ The 2，200 bears of Katmai are strong for feeding on some of the healthiest salmon (三文鱼) in the world，” said Sara Wolman, a former park keeper. Salmon in the Pacific Northwest are suffering from overfishing, dam construction and warming rivers due to climate change. Luckily, Brooks River, which Katmai's bears like to fish in, has been free from these threats so far.
Fat Bear Week has spread like viruses. Fans and creators say it's because it shows a conservation success story. For one week, people don't have to focus on climate change or habitat loss. “ Maybe things aren't super great all the time in the world，” said Felicia Jimenez, who is a current Katmai keeper. “ But there are some really fat bears in Alaska. ”
1．Why was Bear 747 the winner
A．It was the heaviest.
B．It was the most famous.
C．It gained the most pounds.
D．It presented the best photos.
2．What is the purpose of Paragraph 2
A．To praise Mike Fitz for his work.
B．To review the history of the event.
C．To show the popularity of fat bears.
D．To explain the role of live webcams.
3．What can we learn about Katmai's bears
A．They bring tourists to the park.
B．They have a stable food source.
C．They remain difficult to be seen.
D．They face a population decline.
4．Which can be the best title for the text
A．Fat Bear Week: Conservation Is Joyful
B．Brown Bears: Winter Survival Is Crucial
C．Bear 747: A Fat Yet Healthy Champion
D．Katmai's Bears: A Special Beauty Contest
B
2022·全国乙卷 应用文 321词 ★★★★☆
In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N．Y.—Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one room schoolhouse. The girls had gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo, to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff's granddaughter.
Why did they go then Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had undertaken.
They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.
In Wickenden's book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls' decision to go to Elkhead. A hair raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed (牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy's return to Auburn.
Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism (坚忍) of the people move her to some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top：“When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.”
5．Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains
A．To teach in a school.
B．To study American history.
C．To write a book.
D．To do sightseeing.
6．What can we learn about the girls from Paragraph 3
A．The enjoyed much respect.
B．They had a room with a bathtub.
C．They lived with the local kids.
D．They suffered severe hardships.
7．Which part of Wickenden's writing is hair raising
A．The extreme climate of Auburn.
B．The living conditions in Elkhead.
C．The railroad building in the Rockies.
D．The natural beauty of the West.
8．What is the text
A．A news report.
B．A book review.
C．A children's story.
D．A diary entry.
Ⅱ.七选五
2023·东北五市质检 说明文 310词 ★★★★☆
Many people think you're either a creative person or you're not. While I agree that some people may be slightly more creative than others, I think creativity is a muscle that can be exercised and improved upon. __1__．
1．Consume content outside your comfort zone.
We all love reading about stuff in our industry.
__2__If yon want to get your creative juices flowing, start consuming content you wouldn't normally consume. Read blogs outside of your industry. Read books outside of your normal choice. Or grab lunch with a complete stranger.
2．Do the “No Bad Ideas Brainstorming” exercise.
Get at least one other person to join you for 45 to 60 minutes of brainstorming. No technology and no criticism. Bring a topic or an idea to the table and write down all your ideas on actual paper. __3__. It's important to do this in person and to make absolutely sure you don't have any negative energy or feedback throughout the process. You may end up with 100 horrible ideas, but I bet you'll have one or two good ones.
3．__4__．
There are studies upon studies that discuss how our diet affects the way we think. Want to start thinking differently Start giving your body different and healthier fuel. You'd be shocked how much more creatively you can think and act when you eat a healthier diet.
4．See a movie in a theater.
Movies on the big scene are one of the last few places you can enjoy a complete sensory experience. The giant bright screen. The thundering surround sound. The smell and taste of fresh popcorn. The somewhat uncomfortable seat with plastic armrests that don't move. __5__．
A．It may help with motivations
B．Start thinking in a different way
C．Fuel yourself with different diets
D．And don't comment on a single idea
E．But typically this doesn't boost creativity
F．The key is how to get your creativity strengthened
G．Whenever you leave the theater, your mind will be filled with ideas
Ⅲ.应用文写作
[2023·重庆市质调]假定你是李华，应邀为某英文网站写一则简讯，报道你校上周五下午在第一学术报告厅举行的汉语经典朗诵比赛(A Chinese Classic Recitation Competition)。内容包括：
1．参赛选手；
2．比赛过程；
3．活动意义。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．可适当发挥，以使内容连贯；
3．请按如下格式作答。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________练习6 单句语法填空＋阅读理解
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(谓语动词Ⅱ)
1．[2023·浙江宁波镇海中学检测]A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith ________ (fall) in love with the people and culture here.
2．[2023·河南郑州外国语学校期中]In my younger years, my father gave me some advice that I ________ (turn) over in my mind ever since.
3．[2023·河北名校联盟联考]She survived but the fever left its permanent mark—she ________ (rob) of sight and hearing.
4．[2023·江苏泰兴期中调研]For years, the Administrative Institution of the Mogao Caves ________ (cooperate) with international counterparts to study conservation and site management.
5．The teacher has confidence in the naughty but clever boy and is sure that he ________ (admit) to a key university next year.
6．You can pick me up at my house at 7：30 pm. I ________ (wait) for you at that time.
7．No one can know in advance when an earthquake ________ (strike).
8．The book which tells the story of a little fish who steals a hat from a big sleeping fish ________ (write) by the Canadian author Jon Klassen.
9．Henry goes to a free class every Sunday afternoon which ________ (start) at 4 pm.
10．—Lucy, why didn't you go to see the film with us at 7 pm yesterday
—Sorry, but I ________ (do) my homework.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
2022·新高考Ⅰ卷 说明文 293词 ★★☆☆☆
Human speech contains more than 2，000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others A ground breaking, five year study shows that diet related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world's languages.
More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and “v”， were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.
The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn't have to do as much work and so didn't grow to be so large.
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter gatherer people today.
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300，000 years ago. “The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution，” said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.
1．Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi's research focus on
A．Its variety. B．Its distribution.
C．Its quantity. D．Its development.
2．Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals
A．They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.
B．They could not open and close their lips easily.
C.Their jaws were not conveniently structured.
D.Their lower front teeth were not large enough.
3．What is Paragraph 5 mainly about
A．Supporting evidence for the research results.
B．Potential application of the research findings.
C．A further explanation of the research methods.
D.A reasonable doubt about the research process.
4．What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds
A．It is key to effective communication.
B．It contributes much to cultural diversity.
C．It is a complex and dynamic system.
D．It drives the evolution of human beings.
B
2023·新课标Ⅱ卷 记叙文 300词 ★☆☆☆☆
Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramillo's students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks，” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.
Urban Sprouts' classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands on experiments such as soil testing, flower and seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.
Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they're eating differently，” Jaramillo says.
She adds that the program's benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo's special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside，” she says, “and they feel successful.”
5．What do we know about Abby Jaramillo
A．She used to be a health worker.
B．She grew up in a low income family.
C．She owns a fast food restaurant.
D．She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts.
6．What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program
A．The kids' parents distrusted her.
B．Students had little time for her classes.
C．Some kids disliked garden work.
D．There was no space for school gardens.
7．Which of the following best describes the impact of the program
A．Far reaching. B．Predictable.
C．Short lived. D．Unidentifiable.
8．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Rescuing School Gardens
B．Experiencing Country Life
C．Growing Vegetable Lovers
D．Changing Local Landscape练习39 语法填空＋阅读理解
Ⅰ.语法填空
2023·深圳高三调研 新闻报道 234词 ★★★☆☆
For Greek photographer George Doupas, Beijing is home now. During the past decade, he has been photographing the city, capturing its beauty 1.________ sharing these photos online and in exhibitions.
“This 2.________ (true) represents Beijing—the old and the new, nicely mixing together，” Doupas said while showing his photograph of the Zhihua Temple, a delicate Ming Dynasty building. It 3.________ (locate) in front of a modern office building, Galaxy Soho, which features weaving bridges and interlocking passageways.
With rich historical heritage, Beijing 4.________ (be) an important center of traditional Chinese culture since the Ming Dynasty. Doupas often gets 5.________ (lose) in the city's splendid ancient architecture. Meanwhile, he is also amazed by the modern city 6.________ (combine) high end businesses and various industries. “It is fascinating to see a rapidly developing city that invests so much effort in preserving its past, which is 7.________ I decided to pursue my career here，” he said.
Doupas is determined to continue with his career in China, hoping to serve as 8.________ bridge between China and the West. The 9.________ (display) that show his photos about Beijing have attracted a large audience in Greece and the Czech Republic.
“I call Beijing my home now，” he said. “I'll keep sharing photos of China 10.________ the rest of the world.”
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
2023·全国乙卷 议论文 325词 ★★★★☆
If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity's later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can't. The clearest example of this between literate and non literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook's voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain's record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non literate societies such as these, all our first hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation,__we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.
1．What is the first paragraph mainly about
A．How past events should be presented.
B．What humanity is concerned about.
C．Whether facts speak louder than words.
D．Why written language is reliable.
2．What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in Paragraph 2
A．His report was scientific.
B．He represented the local people.
C．He ruled over Botany Bay.
D．His record was one sided.
3．What does the underlined word “conversation” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A．Problem. B．History.
C．Voice. D．Society.
4．Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from
A．How Maps Tell Stories of the World
B．A Short History of Australia
C．A History of the World in 100 Objects
D．How Art Works Tell Stories
B
2023·湖北七校联考 议论文 325词 ★★★☆☆
Standing in my office 25 years ago was an unknown, newly rising astronomer with a half smile on her face. She had come with a demand that my team change our tested software to make one of our most important and in demand scientific instruments do something it had never been designed for, and risk breaking it down. All to carry out an experiment that was basically a waste of time and couldn't be done—to prove that a massive black hole hid at the center of our Milky Way.
My initial “no way” gradually gave way in the face of her cheerful but firm determination. It was my first encounter with a force of nature, Andrea Ghez, one of three winners of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 2020. That determination and the willingness to take calculated risks has always characterized Andrea. For 25 years she has focused almost only on Sagittarius A—the name of our own local super massive black hole. And Andrea is one of the great pioneers in this search without question.
Andrea did her work at the W．M. Keck Observatory's twin telescopes on Maunakea, Hawaii. She started using the very first instrument licensed on Keck Observatory's Near Infrared Camera (NIRC). NIRC was never designed to do what Andrea needed but she was not to be denied. And it worked! It was extremely hard and time consuming to make sense of the data, but Andrea persisted.
As Andrea would be the very first to acknowledge, this victory represents the combined efforts of so many. But actually one person had the idea for the research. One person had the chutzpah (无所顾忌) to propose it and one person had the determination and focus to make it happen, not discouraged by all who said it was a waste of time. That person is Andrea Ghez, winner of the 2020 Nobel Prize for Physics.
5．What did the author think of Andrea Ghez's request at first
A．It's demanding. B．It's interesting.
C．It's acceptable. D．It's meaningless.
6．What do we learn about Andrea Ghez's research from Paragraph 2
A．It takes decades of efforts.
B．It deals with power of nature.
C．It's a purely individual project.
D．It's about measurement of a hole.
7．Which of the following best describes Andrea Ghez's work in Hawaii
A．Dangerous. B．Pleasant.
C．Challenging. D．Fruitless.
8．What do we learn from Andrea Ghez's success
A．It is rewarding to cooperate.
B．The old methods still work today.
C．It pays to put theory into practice.
D．Persistence leads to success.
答题策略
语法填空——名词
名词题的解题步骤
例题 Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia's biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top________ (attract).
步骤 ① 根据空白处所填词在句中的成分或作定语的限定词判断是否该填名词(多考查名词在句中作主语、宾语、表语，名词还可以作同位语、宾语补足语和状语)
② 结合句意确定选择何种名词形式
③ 确定名词的数
答案 attraction 所填词在句中作表语，并且有物主代词its修饰，故应用其名词形式。结合句意，应填attraction练习44 语法填空＋七选五＋完形填空
Ⅰ.语法填空
2023·东北高三质检 说明文 229词 ★★★☆☆
In China, there are 44 national level intangible cultural heritage items related 1.________ tea, including the art of making Biluochun (碧螺春), 2.________ type of green tea. With a history of about 1，000 years, Biluochun, 3.________ translates as “green spiral spring”， is made from tender tea shoots. It is known for its spiral like 4.________ (appear).
To make this tea, the tea trees and fruit trees 5.________ (plant) together. The practice, passed down from ancestors, guarantees the 6.________ (tea) fruity and sweet taste.
Traditionally, Biluochun is produced 7.________ (entire) by hand. About 1 kilogram of leaves 8.________ (pick) from a big tea tree produce only 0.1 kilogram of tea after being processed.
Biluochun must be processed soon after being picked. Tender tea shoots are placed in a heated iron pan and stirred (搅拌) quickly. A person needs to be particularly attentive 9.________ (adjust) the level of heat to judge the condition of the tea by smell. Next 10.________ (come) the shaping process. By stirring, shaking and rubbing the tea leaves in the pan at 100℃， people begin to dry and develop a spiral form. The entire process usually takes about 40 minutes. Every minute matters, or the tea will not taste good.
Ⅱ.七选五
2023·重庆高三质调 说明文 220词 ★★★☆☆
There are many ways to be a student leader, whether it's through the student government, academic teams, athletic teams, the arts, or community service. If you want to be a good leader in school, you need to practice good leadership qualities. __1__
Be a good communicator.
__2__ You should be able to express yourself in a clear way so that people are more likely to listen to you. Being a good communicator also means listening well. A good leader will be willing to listen to the group, and consider all opinions when making decisions.
Have others help with the work.
You should distribute jobs evenly among group members. Everyone in the group will shoulder part of the work then. If someone isn't shouldering their share of the work load, privately discuss this with them. In the talk you should let them know you're hoping you can count on them to contribute a little more. __3__
Make full use of the available resources.
Difficulties and challenges are everywhere. __4__ If you don't know the answer to something, or notice that something needs to be done but you're not sure how to do it yourselves, you're the one to consult your teachers, coaches, etc, who are your available resources.
__5__
Sometimes the way things have been done is outdated or they could be done in a better way. You will be the one to decide if a certain rule or policy needs to be changed. Remember to handle it with an open attitude. If you're able to adapt and do your best to work it out, then you have part of what it takes to be a great leader !
A．Look before you leap.
B. Here are some suggestions for you.
C. Don't forget to be open minded and flexible.
D. Learn public speaking skills and writing skills.
E. By doing so you can bring the team together to participate.
F. That is how you gain knowledge about being a good leader.
G. A good leader knows whom to turn to when he's in a difficult situation.
Ⅲ.完形填空
2023·云南高三统检 记叙文 320词 ★★★☆☆
It was a dream born in fire. Andrea Peterson was five when she and her mother were trapped on the ledge (窗台) of a burning building.
“Throw the __1__ down！” said one of the firemen below, and little Andrea leaped into lifesaving arms, which motivated a life long ambition: She wanted to __2__ fires as her rescuers did. She told that to the men who had __3__ her, and they laughed good naturedly the way __4__ do when a kid says she wants to be an astronaut or a sports star. “You'll be a good mommy, ” the __5__ told her. “ But you can never be a firefighter. ”
And then, as it tends to do, life doesn't __6__ her dreams. Pressured by her parents, she studied in an aviation school to become a flight attendant and that's where she met her husband, Dennis. Unfortunately, Dennis was diagnosed with cancer. Peterson __7__ thirty one years caring for the man she loved.
It wasn't until four years ago, after her __8__ passed away, that she felt that long ago childhood dream calling. She __9__ volunteering at a local fire station. She spent a year lifting weights and watching her __10__ to keep fit. Later she began __11__ alongside men in their teens and twenties until she was __12__.
Finally, Peterson became the only woman of the department's staff of twenty seven firefighters. She has now __13__ more than 350 emergency calls, helping so many people beat back fires. She said, “ I've always known that this is my __14__. It doesn't matter how __15__ I had to work or how long I had to wait. ”
1．A.fire B．kid
C．tool D．rope
2．A.make B．light
C．fight D．cease
3．A.saved B．trapped
C．accepted D．defeated
4．A.heroes B．scientists
C．sportsmen D．grown ups
5．A.neighbors B．firemen
C．passers by D．volunteers
6．A.complete B．abandon
C．stop D．follow
7．A.spent B．wasted
C．needed D．spared
8．A.patient B．husband
C．teacher D．rescuer
9．A.advised B．missed
C．started D．denied
10．A.job B．safety
C．life D．diet
11．A.training B．working
C．waiting D．reading
12．A.disappointed B．mature
C．practical D．ready
13．A.renewed B．made
C．answered D．rejected
14．A.honor B．dream
C．reward D．pleasure
15．A.hard B．helpfully
C．well D．attentively
答题策略
语法填空——定语从句
定语从句题的解题步骤(2)
例题 Everyone has his dreams, but not all these dreams can come true. Those________ dreams become true have at least one thing in common, that is, they always hold on to their dreams.
步骤 ① 确定先行词Those 指人，从who/that，whom，whose中选择
② 确定所填词在从句中作定语，修饰dreams，故用whose引导定语从句
答案 whose 先行词Those指人，所填词在从句中作dreams的定语，故用关系代词whose引导定语从句练习26 语法填空＋七选五＋完形填空
Ⅰ.语法填空
2023·石家庄市质检 说明文 214词 ★★★☆☆
The Chinese couplet (对联) refers to two poetic lines obeying certain rules, often written on red paper for 1.________ (appreciate).
As a form of Chinese literature, the couplet 2.________ (vary) in content and style. Some express people's love to their motherland, some describe the beauty of nature, 3.________ some convey best wishes for the coming year.
Chinese couplets originated in the Five Dynasties, and 4.________ (become) ubiquitous (无处不在的) in the Ming and Qing dynasties. It was the custom for people 5.________ (hang) peach wood charms to drive away evil spirits during the Spring Festival. Nowadays, couplets are used 6.________ a similar way.
It was said that the 7.________ (early) couplet was written by Meng Chang, king of Later Shu and it was 8.________ (extreme) popular in the Northern Song Dynasty. Since the Ming Dynasty, to write couplets 9.________ (regard) as a mark of the cultured life of scholars.
The couplet has two equal length lines. However, 10.________ number of characters in each line can be from four to seven or more. The first and the second lines have opposite tone patterns. The last character of the first line is of an oblique tone (仄声), and its opposite in the second line, is of a level tone (平声).
Ⅱ.七选五
2023·合肥市高三质检 说明文 300词 ★★☆☆☆
When your child begins to beg for a pet, you may draw back at the thought of the additional responsibilities. Parents usually think of all the work and responsibility having a pet could bring about.1.________
·Teach responsibility.
A family pet can help show children the importance of proper care in keeping their new friend happy and healthy.2.________ Give your children a sense of responsibility by having them help meet these needs, whether they feel like it that day or not.
·Encourage exercise.
If you've ever been forced to keep up with a young dog or cat, you know how tiring it can be！3.________ By encouraging your child to play with his or her pet; both of them will get the exercise they need to sleep soundly and live healthy and happy lives.
·4.________
Teaching your child how to “play nicely” with and show affection to another living being is an essential first step toward developing lifelong empathy for others. Learning how to be a good friend of a pet will teach one how to be more open and friendly to other people as well.
·Be practical.
While the benefits of pet ownership are clear, pets are definitely not for everybody. Raising pets requires a large amount of work and responsibility. You'd better make sure the whole family is aware of the requirements that come along with the pet. 5.________ It's best to introduce the potential pet to your child before bringing him or her home to ensure that there is a healthy connection.
A．Treat others well.
B．Form a close bond with a friend.
C．Pets are great for helping “break the ice”．
D．But you can use the pet's energy to your advantage.
E.Also, some pets can be very aggressive towards children.
F．All pets need to be fed, given fresh water, and exercised regularly.
G．However, allowing kids to keep a pet can teach you both some important lessons.
Ⅲ.完形填空
2023·福州市高三质检 记叙文 314词 ★★☆☆☆
Amy is an owner of a small business with a very beautiful mission. A doll __1__ since childhood, she has created A Doll Like Me.
The aim of this __2__ is to create dolls that would have the same characteristics as their owners with disabilities or __3__ conditions. Amy created such dolls to make the children feel needed and __4__. To do so, Amy goes out of her way to make each doll __5__ the child. Each doll is unique, __6__ they still have one thing in common—all dolls wear a smile. Not only beautiful, the dolls also make a __7__ in the life of hundreds of children.
“Typically, parents pay for the dolls—about $100 with shipping per doll. When they can't afford it, I'll find a way to __8__ it myself. Whatever it costs, whatever I have to do, I'm going to get a doll in the __9__ of these children.”
A Doll Like Me has provided over 300 dolls so far which have been __10__ to children all around the world. Amy's __11__ goal is to turn her small business into an official non profit organization where every child in need could get their one of a kind doll __12__.
And many people are responding __13__ to her mission, as she has already reached $38，000 out of $50，000 goal on GoFundMe. Amy is already cooperating with a children's __14__ to make it easier to identify kids whose well being could be __15__ by a stuffed toy which looks just like them!
1．A.donor B．creator
C．collector D．trader
2．A.project B．idea
C．research D．technology
3．A.rare B．good
C．ripe D．strict
4．A.tired B．available
C．powerful D．included
5．A.work with B．look like
C．accept D．recognize
6．A.yet B．so
C．because D．or
7．A.wish B．deal
C．plan D．difference
8．A.win B．cover
C．sell D．use
9．A.friends B．eyes
C．hands D．dreams
10．A.awarded B．shipped
C．returned D．mentioned
11．A.open B．common
C．final D．commercial
12．A.in person B．for fun
C．free of charge D．full of hope
13．A.calmly B．honestly
C．politely D．kindly
14．A.school B．toyshop
C．shelter D．hospital
15．A.sponsored B．improved
C．guaranteed D．supported
黄金考点
语法填空——关系词
考点38 定语从句引导词的运用
考例 They also had a small pond ________ they raised fish.
点拨 先行词pond指地点，关系词在从句中作状语，故用关系副词where引导定语从句，where可以用in which替换，故应填where，或填in which。
考点39 用that引导定语从句
考例 Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food ________ is provided by Mom with appreciation.
点拨 分析句子结构可知，food后应是一个限制性定语从句。先行词food指物，从句中缺少主语，故应填that。注意这里不能用what引导定语从句，what只能引导名词性从句。练习21 语法填空＋阅读理解
Ⅰ.语法填空
2022·全国甲卷 记叙文 188词 ★★☆☆☆
A visually challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi'an, as a first step 1.________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
On the 1，100 kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, 2.________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces. Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation 3.________ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. 4.________ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental 5.________ (protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more 6.________ (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1，000 plastic bottles along the 40 day journey.
In the last five years, Cao 7.________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa's 8.________ (high) mountain.
Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4，700 kilometers 9.________ Xi'an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, 10.________ (plan) to hike back to Xi'an in five months.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
2023·南京、盐城高三模拟 应用文 259词 ★★☆☆☆
The Right Electric Bike for You
The bicycle fever is back, but this time it has gone electric. According to NPD Group which tracks the bicycle industry, electric bike sales have more than doubled since 2019. And their popularity is still on the rise. Confirm your need and pick the electric bike that's best for you.
MODEL WHAT'S IT FOR？
Swagtron EB5 ◆Such e bikes are designed to make short trips, adding to the rider's comfort and ability to see. The electric assistance allows you to travel easily and comfortably.
WHO'S IT FOR？
◆Those looking for alternatives to driving around the town. They're lighter than most motorcycles, making them perfect for carrying groceries and laptops.
Specialized Turbo WHAT'S IT FOR？
◆These e bikes use the same light structure and narrow wheels as conventional touring bikes. The electric motor makes it possible to cover longer distances.
WHO'S IT FOR？
◆Riders who are eager for more challenging cycling or want to extend the riding distance. The riding position may discourage those with back or neck pain.
RadWagon 4 WHAT'S IT FOR？
◆With strong structure and fat wheels, they transport relatively heavy loads, which can be equipped with a seat or rack (支架).
WHO'S IT FOR？
◆Anyone who would prefer to transport large loads of groceries or packages (or even small kids) with something other than a car.
Ancheer EM WHAT'S IT FOR？
◆With stronger structure, bigger wheels, and suspension systems that absorb the impact of rough rides, they can handle rough landscapes.
WHO'S IT FOR？
◆Someone who wants to experience the excitement of riding down dirt tracks but also wants a bit of help from an electric motor.
1.Which magazine is this text probably taken from
A．Techlife News.
B．Muscle & Fitness.
C．How It Works.
D．Consumer Reports.
2．Which is most suitable for someone who wants to challenge long range tours
A．Swagtron EB5. B．Specialized Turbo.
C．RadWagon 4. D．Ancheer EM.
3．What can we learn about the electric bikes
A．Designs of electric bikes are based on travel purposes.
B．Electric bikes are more popular than conventional bikes.
C．Riders of these electric bikes put speed in the first place.
D．The trend of electric bikes replacing cars can't be prevented.
B
2023·合肥高三质检 说明文 337词 ★★☆☆☆
Transport is undergoing a massive transformation so it can meet society's demands for a low carbon economy. Introducing electric vehicles (EVs) and reducing gasoline use are helping, but zero carbon hydrogen can speed up both the transition (转变) and long term decarbonization of transport.
In the US, transportation produces the largest share of all greenhouse gas emissions (排放) in the economy at 29%, according to the Environmental Protection Agency. More than 90% of transport fuel is petrol based, but if more vehicles used hydrogen, emissions of this kind would plummet．
However, hydrogen is not considered an ideal replacement for gasoline as an engine fuel for cars because it is harder to store safely. And while fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) that turn hydrogen into electricity can compete with EVs in performance—and even outcompete them on the range and refill time, extra energy is needed to produce the hydrogen needed for fuel. Also, finding investment for storage, pipelines and fuel stations is still a challenge for many nations.
Currently, governments worldwide are backing green hydrogen projects to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in heavy industries like freight (货运), steel, and energy storage. But hydrogen transport will need rapid production methods to create the fuel needed for the world's road fleet.
Thankfully, research is advancing all the time. Nanoscale (纳米的) thin films are applied to improving the chemical process to rapidly harvest hydrogen from the sea water. The same technology has been successfully used in solar power devices. Since hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe and as sea water makes up about 96% of all water on Earth, there is a virtually limitless supply.
Even wastewater and solid waste can create green hydrogen. Researchers at Princeton University are using sunlight to separate hydrogen from industrial wastewater. Chemical plants that currently face high costs for cleaning wastewater could transform it into clean hydrogen supplies.
4．What does the underlined word “plummet” mean in Paragraph 2
A．Stop. B．Decrease.
C．Continue. D．Disappear.
5．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A．Ways of storing hydrogen safely.
B．Benefits of fuel cell electric vehicles.
C．Challenges of using hydrogen as car fuel.
D．Differences between gasoline and hydrogen.
6．What makes it more efficient to get hydrogen from the ocean
A．The application of solar power devices.
B．The method of identifying water elements.
C．The invention of the water transport system.
D．The use of the nanoscale thin film technology.
7．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text
A．Clean Energy Hydrogen Ready to Take Off
B．Traditional Fuels Bound to Reach a Dead End
C．How We Can Generate Energy from Hydrogen
D.What the Future of Transportation May Be like
黄金考点
语法填空——代词
考点27 根据上下文逻辑推判代词形式
考例 They would say to ________ (I) that playing card games would help my brain. Still I was unwilling to play the game with them sometimes.
点拨 根据句意和后边的关键词to和提示词I可知，表示“我”，再根据介词to应填me。
考点28 根据上下文判断代词的形式
考例 I had done ________ (mine) homework, but I was shy.
点拨 修饰名词homework作定语，应用形容词性物主代词my来修饰。
考点29 动词短语固定用法
考例 But she insists on us ________ (eat) healthy food.
点拨 由语境可知，是母亲关心家里的每个人的健康，坚持要我们吃健康的食物。insist on sb. doing sth.或insist on sb's doing sth.是固定用法，故应填eating。练习27 语法填空＋阅读理解
Ⅰ.语法填空
2023·福州市高三质检 说明文 215词 ★★★☆☆
Oracle bones (甲骨) were believed to be first unearthed in Anyang, once called Yin, the capital of the Shang Dynasty. Villagers then had little idea of what they had found and sold the bones to drugstores as 1.________ (tradition) Chinese medicines. The“medicines” gained the notice of historians. The discovery 2.________ (follow) by a series of archaeological excavations (挖掘).
Over the past 120 plus years, major systematic excavations have been carried 3.________. A relic site museum has been built at the Yinxu, 4.________ (recognize) as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Discovering the oracle bones and inscriptions helped explore the culture of the Xia and Shang Dynasties, 5.________ trace the origins of the Chinese civilization. The content of the inscriptions emphasizes the respect for ancestors and other core Chinese values 6.________ have been passed on until today. It 7.________ (appeal) to not only scholars but also those outside the circles of archaeology. Chen Nan, a professor at Tsinghua University's Academy of Arts and Design, has energized the life of these ancient symbols by 8.________ (feature) them in the biaoqingbao (emoticons) he developed.
“They represent vital 9.________ (clue) to our cultural lineage (世系)，” Chen said. “I feel 10.________ our responsibility to communicate about the charm of the primitive inscriptions with the younger generations and foreigners.”
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
2023·昆明市高三质检 议论文 346词 ★★★☆☆
The 2023 Azbees Open Entries
About the Azbee Awards
ASBPE's 45th annual Azbee Awards of Excellence competition is now open for submissions from Jan. 1，2023 through Mar. 31, 2023 at 3 pm.
These highly competitive editorial and design awards celebrate the highest quality reporting, editing and design in business to business, trade, association and professional publications across all platforms, including magazines, newspapers, e newsletters, websites and social media.
The top entries nationwide receive national awards across 63 categories, from our All Content, Design, Online, Print and Overall Excellence divisions. Entries also compete against others in their own regions for regional awards.
Entry Fees
All Content, Print， Design, and Online categories ASBPE members Non members
Submitted on or before Jan. 15， 2023 $140 $160
Submitted between Jan. 16，2023 and Feb. 10, 2023 $170 $190
Submitted between Feb. 11，2023 and Mar. 31, 2023 at 3 pm $180 $200
Entry Requirements
Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification. To enter the Azbee Awards of Excellence, you'll need the following information. If you plan to submit multiple entries, we highly recommend preparing these items in advance for all submissions to save time during the entry process.
Your contact information.
Division and category for the entry.
Region for the entry.
Essay: No more than 250 words that discuss the work that went into the entry and its significance to readers.
For online entries: Direct URLs to access the entry, and username and password, if your website requires sign in to view content. PDF entry files for print entries.
1．When was the first Azbee Awards of Excellence held
A．In 1979. B．In 1988.
C．In 2012. D．In 2023.
2．How much should you pay at least to submit an entry as a non member
A．$140. B．$160.
C．$170. D．$190.
3．Which of the following will result in disqualification
A.Submitting contact information.
B．Sending entries before the deadline.
C．An essay of three hundred words.
D．An online entry with a username.
B
2023·深圳市高三调研 议论文 365词 ★★★☆☆
When put to tests, bees have long proved that they've got a lot more to offer than pollinating (授粉), making honey and being loyal to a queen. The hard working insects can change their behavior when things seem difficult, and now some scientists find there is proof that they also like to play.
Scientists from Queen Mary University of London performed an experiment, in which they set up a container that allowed bees to travel from their nest to a feeding area. But along the way, the bees could choose to pass through a separate section with some small wooden balls. Over 18 days, the scientists watched as the bees “went out of their way to roll wooden balls repeatedly, despite no apparent incentive (刺激) to do so”．
Earlier studies have shown that the black and yellow bugs are willing to learn new tricks in exchange for food or other rewards. In this case, to get rid of external factors, scientists made sure the bees had adapted to their new home and that their environment was stress free.
The finding suggests that like humans, insects also interact with objects as a form of play. Also similar to people, younger bees seem to be more playful than adult bees. “This research provides a strong indication that insect minds are far more complicated than we imagine. There are lots of animals who play just for the purpose of enjoyment, but most examples come from young mammals (哺乳动物) and birds，” said Lars Chittka, a professor of sensory and behavioral ecology at Queen Mary University of London, who led the study.
The study's first author, Samadi Galpay, who is a PhD student at Queen Mary University of London, states that it is more evident that bees may be capable of experiencing feelings. “They may actually experience some kinds of positive emotional states, even if they're basic, like other larger animals do. This finding has effects on our understanding of the sense and welfare of insects, which, consequently, encourages us to respect and protect wildlife on Earth ever more，”she says.
4．What is the new finding about bees
A．They are fond of having fun.
B．They are faithful to the queen.
C．They are adaptable to changes.
D．They are skilled at rolling balls.
5．How did scientists remove external influences in the experiment
A．By teaching bees new tricks.
B．By rewarding bees with food.
C．By making bees feel at home.
D．By building new homes for bees.
6．What are Lars Chittka's words mainly about
A．The forms of bees' interaction.
B．The complexity of bees' minds.
C．The examples of mammals' play.
D．The purpose of mammals' enjoyment.
7．What does Samadi Galpay say about the study result
A．It backs up prior understanding of insects.
B．It reveals reasons for bees' positive feelings.
C．It drives research on animals' emotional states.
D.It contributes to wildlife conservation on Earth.练习34 语法填空＋阅读理解
Ⅰ.语法填空
2023·沈阳市质检 说明文 211词 ★★★☆☆
The Grand Canal is the oldest and longest man made waterway in the world with a history of more than 2，500 years，1.________ construction started in the Spring and Autumn Period. The 1，794 kilometer waterway is about 22 times 2.________ length of the Panama Canal. It is a golden waterway second only to the Yangtze River in China. The Grand Canal runs from Beijing to Zhejiang Province 3.________ (pass) through four provinces and two municipalities and connects five main river systems.
The canal 4.________ (function) as the backbone of the ancient empire's inland communications and trading systems. Grain, salt，5.________ (log) and silk were transported along the canal to all directions. Scores of towns along the banks developed, contributing 6.________ (huge) to ancient China's economy. The canal enormously promoted economic interaction and cultural exchange between the north 7.________ the south, which ensured the country's 8.________ (stable).
In 2014, it was listed as a UNESCO world heritage site. In 2019 China issued a plan 9.________ (construct) national cultural parks for the Grand Canal. Since then, building the Grand Canal national cultural parks 10.________ (recognize) as a key task in the 14th Five Year Plan. In future, cities along the Grand Canal will form a new cultural belt, green belt and tourism belt.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
2023·沈阳市质检 应用文 293词 ★★★☆☆
I'm in the area of Noailles in Marseille, one of France's largest cities and its main trade seaport. Some small shops sell vegetables, meat, and, it seems, all the spices of the Middle East. In addition to French, languages spoken on the busy streets include Arabic and African French. It all adds up to one of the most ethnically diverse cities in Europe.
Close to the downtown street, I discover an Algerian restaurant, whose owner makes his signature dish—couscous with barley, not the usual wheat, using a recipe that hasn't changed since the 1920s. Couscous is an necessary part of Marseille culture. The dish was added to the UNESCO's Lists of Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2020.
To be honest, before I travelled here, couscous had not been the first meal that came to mind when I thought of Marseille. It was bouillabaisse, the rich soup with olive oil, garlic and saffron. I imagined enjoying it at a small portside cafe. This was clearly a romantic fantasy. For one thing, there are no small cafes at the historic city. For another, the restaurants do serve bouillabaisse, but when I see the price at one place I am shocked: 69 euros! No bowl of soup should cost that much.
I give up and end up two streets away from the old harbor in a new restaurant, Ourea. For 28 euros, Chef Mathieu Roche serves a three course lunch that includes tuna steaks and couscous.
More and more young, talented people are discovering that Marseille is an ideal place to live. There is also a growing number of Parisians moving here every year. Tired of the rush and expense of life in larger cities, the newcomers come looking for the more relaxed Mediterranean way of life. Walking through these contrasting neighborhoods of Marseille, I think about the distinct communities here living in the same neighborhoods—together, side by side, but not mixed. They may also feel they belong to Marseille first regardless of nationalities.
1．Which word can best describe Marseille according to the first paragraph
A．Remote. B．Commercial.
C．Industrial. D．Inland.
2．What made the author leave the Algerian restaurant
A．The unreasonable charge.
B．The unbearable flavor.
C．The unsatisfying service.
D．The noisy atmosphere.
3．Why do the newcomers choose Marseille rather than other big cities
A．To make a fortune.
B．To experience a dish.
C．To learn a language.
D．To live a leisurely life.
4．In which column of a magazine can we probably read the text
A．Fashion. B．Food.
C．Trade. D．Travel.
B
2023·武汉市调研 说明文 346词 ★★★☆☆
Have you ever seen one of the many videos of an elephant grabbing a paintbrush, putting it in paint, and producing a painting similar to something a 5 year old could create While watching an elephant paint is an amazing sight, we can't help but wonder whether the training methods and results reflect animal cruelty.
A 2014 study on four captive (被圈养的) Asian elephants at the Melbourne Zoo in Australia sought to identify stress related behaviors around the activity of painting. While the researchers found that the elephants had a neutral response to painting—not stressful, nor enriching—it seemed that when an elephant was not selected to paint, it displayed non interactive behavior. This is seen as a possible signal of stress in the animals.
In addition, PETA, a famous animal rights group, has cited several American zoos that use harmful training methods to get elephants to paint, perform tricks, play instruments, and more. Not every zoo that organizes elephant painting uses aggression (攻击) to encourage the elephants. However, PETA argues that animal shelters should not force animals to do tricks at all.
Activist organizations warn that elephants can undergo extreme discomfort in the training process. Furthermore, many of the painting elephants are very young, at an age where they should still be with their mothers. It raises questions about whether there's a chance that they were caught for the express purpose of performing, or if they could somehow be restored to a return to the wild.
It is difficult to support any kind of trained behavior that differs greatly from a wild animal's natural tendencies. The role of a shelter, ideally, is to allow an animal to live as close to its normal life as possible, perhaps with an eye to returning the animal to the wild; teaching them to paint does not seem to align__with that target, particularly if it's not a learned behavior that the animal would be willing to do independently.
5．What can be safely concluded from the 2014 study
A.Researchers didn't collect solid evidence.
B．Painting promoted elephants' interaction.
C．Negative effects of painting were confirmed.
D．Elephants made strong responses to painting.
6．What is a concern of activist organizations
A．Complexity of the training process.
B．Purposes of elephants' performance.
C．Daily activities of captive elephants.
D．Potential for elephants' return to nature.
7．What does the underlined phrase “align with” in the last paragraph mean
A．Wander off. B．Set up.
C．Consist with. D．Go against.
8．What might be the best title for the text
A．How PETA Helps
B．Why People Right Animals
C．Should Elephants Paint
D．Should Elephants live in captivity
答题策略
语法填空——非谓语动词
非谓语动词所作成分
doing 作状语，表示伴随 作定语 作宾语补足语，用于with等复合结构 作介词 宾语
done 作状语，表示被动或完成 作定语 作宾语补足语，用于with等复合结构
to do 作状语，表示目的 作定语
非谓语动词之间区分步骤
①找非谓语动词的逻辑主语； ②判断主被动关系：表示主动关系用doing，to do；表示被动关系用done; ③判断时间关系：非谓语动作发生在谓语动作之前用done; 之后用to do; 同时用doing。练习46 语法填空＋阅读理解
Ⅰ.语法填空
2023·广东模拟 记叙文 191词 ★★★☆☆
During the summer holiday I had the chance to visit Pingtang County, Guizhou Province in southwest China. It's 1.________ experience I will never forget.
Traveling to Guizhou by high speed rail from Beijing, I 2.________ (astonish) at the rapid change in scenery from skyscrapers to beautiful tree filled mountains 3.________ (rest) under a clear blue sky.
Upon arrival, I visited the Pingtang International Experience Planetarium, which displays China's 4.________ (remark) achievements in science and space technology. The Five hundred meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) there is the largest one of its kind in the world. To visit FAST, visitors are not permitted 5.________ (bring) any electronic devices due to security measures. So they must record this once in a lifetime moment with their hearts and minds.
6.________ (truthful) , my favorite part of the trip was my personal interaction with the local community. Following the instructions, I worked on two community farms, went hiking and swam 7.________ a fresh community river alongside fish. I was educated on the regional history of the Miao people 8.________ culture is rich in fashion, food, pottery and music.
After this adventure, my 9.________ (appreciate) for Chinese culture has snowballed. While I am content with living and working in Beijing, Pingtang County in Guizhou has opened my eyes to the endless positive 10.________ (possibility) China has to offer.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
2023·南京盐城模拟 应用文 276词 ★★★☆☆
Intro
Our Online Chinese Summer Camp program is a wonderful, immersive online Chinese learning experience specifically designed for learning Chinese remotely.
Suitable Age
Kids aged 10 to 16
Camp Content
Interactive Chinese lessons, cultural activities and virtual trips
Schedule
Monday to Friday
The class time is scheduled according to different time zones
Camp Levels
Online Chinese Camp is divided into 2 levels—Non Native Chinese Camp for beginner to intermediate levels and Chinese Camp for intermediate to advanced levels.
Non Native Chinese Camp for kids from non native Chinese families Chinese Camp for kids from native Chinese families
REQUIREMENTS
·No Chinese language experience needed ·No Chinese language exposure in everyday life ·Chinese language experience in a native Chinese speaking family
CONTENT
√Fun and interactive online lessons and activities to raise the interest in learning Chinese √Introduction to Chinese characters with stories and pictures √Develop practical communication skills √Basic conversations in Chinese √Project based, cultural activities to increase the understanding of Chinese culture √Fun and interactive online lessons to improve 4 language skills—Listening, Speaking, Reading & Writing √Intermediate conversations in Chinese through various cultural and language activities √More advanced lessons to increase Chinese vocabulary √Project based cultural activities to deepen the understanding of Chinese culture
Ready to Sign Up
Contact us (www. ) and we will be happy to answer your questions and help you choose the right camp. Don't forget to ask us about early bird price !
1．What is the text
A．A course review. B．A commercial ad.
C．An academic article. D．An activity schedule.
2．What can kids do in Chinese Camp
A．Improve integrated Chinese skills.
B．Make up basic Chinese dialogues.
C．Learn characters through fun stories.
D．Prepare for advanced vocabulary tests.
3．What can we learn about the program
A．It involves skills for camping trips.
B．It offers a discount if you book earlier.
C．It has a fixed timetable regardless of time zones.
D．It includes off line interactive activities in China.
B
2023·石家庄质检 说明文 349词 ★★★☆☆
A new study suggests classic paintings by well known artists Joseph Mallord William Turner and Claude Monet may have been influenced by air pollution during the Industrial Revolution.
The study, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences by authors from Harvard University and Sorbonne University, analyzed 60 oil paintings by Turner from 1796 to 1850 and 38 paintings by Monet from 1864 to 1901.
Scientists don't know exactly how polluted the cities were during that time for lack of data. However, researchers say examining the works of Turner and Monet can give a picture of long term environmental change with the air pollution.
In particular，researchers say changes in local sulfur dioxide (二氧化硫) emissions from burning coal may explain changes in the colour contrast and intensity of Turner's, Monet's, and others' works, even after taking the artistic trends and subject matter of the time into account.
Scientists successfully measured painters' representation of nature, focusing on differences in local weather patterns which influenced colour in works painted in different parts of Europe. Paintings done in Britain generally feature a paler blue sky than other works in other parts of the continent. Generally, artists can historically accurately represent their environment, so Turner and Monet were chosen because they are famous for their landscape and cityscape paintings and also because they were active during the Industrial Revolution, when air pollution grew at a rate never seen before.
Additionally, researchers say that as the air in London and Paris became more polluted, the cities would appear hazier to the eyes as well as in photographs. By comparing the paintings of Turner and Monet to pictures from the era, they were able to determine the artists were at least partly influenced by the change in emissions.
4．How did the researchers conduct the study
A．By referring to relevant historical records.
B．By comparing the paintings of Turner and Monet.
C．By relating the paintings to the air conditions then.
D．By analyzing the data during the Industrial Revolution.
5．What did the researchers find in the works of Turner and Monet
A．Air pollution at that time.
B．Change in subject matter.
C．Social trends of the period.
D．Development of photography.
6．What can we learn from paragraph 5
A.European artists preferred landscape paintings.
B．Scientists focused on studying weather patterns.
C．Turner and Monet intended to present pollution.
D．Britain suffered from air pollution most in Europe.
7．What is the purpose of the text
A．To inform people of a new discovery.
B．To instruct people to appreciate paintings.
C．To introduce the Industrial Revolution.
D．To call on people to protect the environment.练习28 阅读理解＋完形填空
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
2023·深圳市高三调研 应用文 285词 ★★☆☆☆
“You're so smart！” This encouraging response to children's math performance is commonly heard. Recently, a new study, conducted by the University of Georgia, found that encouraging children with responses related to their personal characteristics or inborn abilities might weaken their math motivation and achievement over time.
Parents who make comments linking their children's performance to personal characteristics like intelligence are using what's referred to as person responses. In contrast, parents who link their children's actions, such as efforts or strategy use, to their performance are using process responses.
For the study, researchers asked more than 500 parents to report on how they responded to their children's math performance and their math beliefs and goals. Children were assessed in two waves across a year to measure their math motivation and achievement.
The results show that parents who view math ability as changeable are more likely to give process responses focused on their children's strategy use and efforts rather than their intelligence or other personal characteristics. In contrast, parents who believe math ability is unchangeable and that math failure can't be constructive give more person responses. Parents with high expectations for their children give a combination of both responses. While responses highlighting strategy and efforts are not related to any achievement outcomes, children who receive more responses about their personal characteristics—in particular, related to failure—are more likely to avoid harder math problems, exhibit higher levels of math anxiety, and score lower on math achievement tests.
Because person responses predict poor math adjustment in children over time, researchers suggest parents limit this type of responses at home. Another recommendation for parents is to think about their own beliefs and goals for their kids and examine how these might lead them to respond in person or process ways. Simply telling parents to avoid talking about math ability may not be enough. Focusing less on how children perform and more on their strategy and enjoyment of math might be a more effective way to enhance motivation.
1．Which of the following is an example of process responses
A．You are a lucky dog.
B．Running is in your blood.
C．What works well for your study
D．Why are you such a math genius
2．What can be inferred from the study results
A．Parents prefer to give more process responses.
B.Children are more likely to be affected by math anxiety.
C．Process responses help with children's math achievement.
D．Person responses can discourage children from learning math.
3．What do researchers advise parents to do
A．Restrict person responses.
B．Defend their own beliefs.
C．Stress children's performance.
D．Ignore children's math problems.
4．Which can be a suitable title for the text
A．The Strategy Children Adopt to Learn Math Helps
B．The Way Parents Talk to Children on Math Matters
C.Responses to Enhance Children's Math Performance
D.Suggestions for Parents to Teach Their Children Math
B
2023·四省高考测试 记叙文 314词 ★★★☆☆
As a young girl growing up in France, Sarah Toumi dreamed of becoming a leader who could make the world a better place. Her passion to help others was awakened when, from the age of nine, she accompanied her Tunisian father to his birthplace in the east of the country during holidays. There she organized homework clubs and activities for children.
Toumi witnessed first hand the destructive effect of desertification. “Within 10 years rich farmers became worse off, and in 10 years from now they will be poor. I wanted to stop the Sahara Desert in its tracks.”A decrease in average rainfall and an increase in the severity of droughts (干旱) have led to an estimated 75 per cent of Tunisia's agricultural lands being threatened by desertification.
Toumi recognized that farming practices needed to change. She is confident that small land areas can bring large returns if farmers are able to adapt by planting sustainable crops, using new technologies for water treatment and focusing on natural products and fertilisers (肥料) rather than chemicals.
In 2012, Toumi consolidated her dream to fight the desert. She moved to Tunisia, and set up a programme named Acacias for All to put her sustainable farming philosophy into action. “I want to show young people in rural areas that they can create opportunities where they are. Nobody is better able to understand the impact of desertification and climate change than somebody who is living with no access to water.”
By September 2016, more than 130，000 acacia trees had been planted on 20 pilot farms, with farmers recording a 60 per cent survival rate. Toumi estimates that some 3 million acacia trees are needed to protect Tunisia's farmland. She expects to plant 1 million trees by 2018. In the next couple of years, Toumi hopes to extend the programme to Algeria and Morocco.
5．How did Toumi's holiday trips to Tunisia influence her
A．They made her decide to leave the country.
B．They helped her better understand her father.
C.They fired her enthusiasm for helping others.
D.They destroyed her dream of being a teacher.
6．What is the main cause of the desertification of Tunisia's farmland
A．Low rainfall. B．Soil pollution.
C．Cold weather. D．Forest damage.
7．Why did Toumi set up Acacias for All in Tunisia
A.To create job opportunities for young people.
B．To help the children obtain a basic education.
C．To persuade the farmers not to use fertilizers.
D.To facilitate the protection of their farmland.
8．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．Saving Water in Tunisia
B．Planting Trees of Native Species
C．Holding back the Sahara
D．Fighting Poverty in North Africa
Ⅱ.完形填空
2023·石家庄市质检 记叙文 263词 ★★★☆☆
Jonathan Jones, 12, was overcome with emotion after his principal, who is also color blind, let him __1__ his unique glasses during the science class last week.
As soon as Jones put the glasses on, he appeared to be immediately __2__. He initially smiled and laughed, but he __3__ moments later. He then walked around the classroom excitedly, __4__ the vivid colors around him.
“I was feeling joy that I could __5__ see all this color. And a little bit of __6__ that I couldn't see color my whole life，” Jones told ABC news.
The boy's mother posted a(n) __7__ of Jones seeing color for the first time online and started a GoFundMe campaign to buy a pair of the unique glasses for Jones, which reportedly cost $350. However, so many people were __8__ by Jones's story, and the campaign actually ended up __9__ more than $25，000.
She wrote, “After posting the video, we've been touched by how many __10__ people have wanted to help him. We've had __11__ pairs donated to Jones and will use 100% of donated funds to purchase color blind glasses for those who can't __12__ them.” “The glasses company will __13__ every pair we purchase with a free pair, which doubles the number of people we can __14__，” she continued.
For Jones, with the new glasses comes a new __15__ of the world. He said his favorite color is blue and that he's excited to visit the Caribbean this winter so he can see the ocean in all its glory.
1．A.borrow B．polish
C．remove D．adjust
2．A.disappointed B．annoyed
C．surprised D．embarrassed
3．A.calmed down B．broke down
C．cheered up D．woke up
4．A.mixing B．painting
C．changing D．exploring
5．A.finally B．rarely
C．constantly D．occasionally
6．A.tension B．sadness
C．relief D．shame
7．A.picture B．article
C．video D．introduction
8．A.moved B．shocked
C．confused D．entertained
9．A.loaning B．costing
C．saving D．collecting
10．A.wealthy B．generous
C．competent D．ambitious
11．A.limited B．cheap
C．multiple D．fashionable
12．A.find B．produce
C．fix D．afford
13．A.match B．equip
C．replace D．compare
14．A.treat B．instruct
C．help D．accompany
15．A.future B．view
C．situation D．record
黄金考点
语法填空——非谓语动词
考点40 非谓语动词与谓语动词
考例 Everyone was silent, ________ (wait) to see who would be called to read his or her paragraph aloud.
点拨 主句中已经有谓语was，故可知此处应用非谓语动词。主语Everyone与wait之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用wait的 ing形式waiting。
考点41 介词后用动词 ing形式作宾语
考例 My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by ________ (sell) the fish.
点拨 介词by后应接动词 ing形式作宾语，故应用sell的 ing形式selling。练习56 语法填空＋七选五＋完形填空
Ⅰ.语法填空
2023·福建省练习考 说明文 191词 ★★★☆☆
Primary schools now attach great importance to labor education, advocating students to do activities such as cooking, making handicrafts 1.________ decorating houses.
Xue Youmei, a Grade 3 student, spent the winter holiday in Guangxi. Everything about village life was novel to Xue who was used 2.________ urban life. Xue joined her family to work in a farm field planted with Chinese water chestnuts. Xue, 3.________ (wear) a pair of gloves, helped her father pick up water chestnuts in the field.
For Yang Liqiao, a Grade 6 student, the past winter holiday gave her 4.________ new identity—garbage sorting guide. Yang wore a volunteer's vest and recorded the situation of the garbage sorting work at her residential community. 5.________ (additional), Yang also invited her classmates to walk around the park nearby to pick up garbage on the ground. Yang's father observed that labor activities offered students a chance 6.________ (acquire) knowledge, which was not taught in class.
At the same time, some schools in China also assigned specialized homework during the winter vacation to let students enjoy play based learning. Some students 7.________ (ask) to cooperate with parents to decorate their homes with New Year 8.________ (painting). The task aimed to develop students' 9.________ (innovation) thinking. And some were required to collect physics related Chinese poems, make an 10.________ ( analyse ) and draw a conclusion.
Ⅱ.七选五
2021·全国甲卷 说明文 233词 ★★★★☆
Swap, Don't Shop!
You keep hearing about recycling, right But it doesn't end with bottles, cans, and paper. Clothing takes a huge amount of natural resources (资源) to make, and buying loads of new clothing (or throwing out old clothing) is not healthy for the environment. So what to do with all those perfectly good but you're maybe a little sick of them clothes piled on your bedroom floor __1__. It's the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.
A successful swap depends on the selection of clothes, the organization of the event, and, obviously, how much fun is had. It's really easy to do! Here are a few pointers.
Invite 5－10 people so you have a nice selection. __2__， and there may not be enough things to choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.
__3__. They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their “new” clothes home.
Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room. __4__. Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how things look when they try them on. One of the ground rules of the swap should be that everyone must try on the clothes before they take them—things always look different when you put them on.
Set a starting time. Maybe you say “go，” or turn on a certain song, or whatever. __5__. And don't forget to put out some cookies and fruits. Remember, it's a party!
A．Less people than that
B．Hold a clothing swap
C．If two people are competing
D．Just keep music playing throughout
E．Donate whatever clothes are left over
F．Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots
G．Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition
Ⅲ.完形填空
2023·石家庄质检Ⅱ 记叙文 261词 ★★★☆☆
The problems had started before the trip even began.
It was my first time that I had traveled to Asia. I had __1__ distances and timing. I had planned to visit Lombok first but booked the flight to Bali, not __2__ there was an airport in Lombok. Arriving in Bali at 1 p. m．， I was a bit __3__. I had read online the last ferry (渡船) left at 4 p. m． and I __4__ had to take a 1.5 hour taxi journey to the port and catch the ferry to Lombok.
Upon getting in the taxi, I told the driver the situation and he __5__ called his friend at the port. He told us the seas were __6__， so the last ferry was leaving at 2：30 p. m．， earlier than usual. I started to panic, but my driver was __7__ to try. His phone rang many times with talks between him and his friend. It was __8__ to see him put so much effort in for a __9__. When we were about 10 minutes away, his friend __10__ him that they would hold the boat for us—but we had to __11__！ From there on, it was __12__. It was pouring with rain and there was no road to the port. So, we __13__. The driver __14__ my suitcase and started running, his shoes and uniform all wet.
I arrived just in time to jump onto the boat. I've never been more thankful for someone's __15__ the whole way through.
1．A.recorded B．expanded
C．misjudged D．changed
2．A.knowing B．estimating
C．caring D．arguing
3．A.surprised B．disappointed
C．worried D．embarrassed
4．A.just B．still
C．always D．almost
5．A.cheerfully B．finally
C．hesitantly D．immediately
6．A.stormy B．deep
C．cold D．broad
7．A.honored B．delighted
C．determined D．inspired
8．A.satisfying B．touching
C．stressful D．awful
9．A.companion B．customer
C．driver D．stranger
10．A.informed B．reminded
C．warned D．convinced
11．A.turn B．quit
C．wait D．rush
12．A.magic B．madness
C．horror D．calmness
13．A.looked back B．turned around
C．pulled over D．helped out
14．A.packed B．placed
C．removed D．grabbed
15．A.kindness B．trust
C．comfort D．admiration
答题策略
语法填空——词性运用
常见的词性运用
① 作主语、宾语、介词宾语应用名词或代词，而不用其他词性
② 作表语应用形容词，而不用副词形式
③ 修饰谓语动词、非谓语动词、形容词或全句作状语应用副词，而不用形容词练习36 语法填空＋阅读理解＋应用文写作
Ⅰ.语法填空
2023·昆明市高三质检 新闻报道 217词 ★★★☆☆
As a freshman in college, Chelsea Fagan got her first credit card. Without really 1.________ (understand) how the credit system works, she maxed out her credit card and 2.________ (throw) out the card without paying the bill. She ruined her credit.
To prevent credit ruin from happening again, Fagan started a personal blog 3.________ (track) her budget. The blog has turned into The Financial Diet. 4.________ is now a platform about “personal finance and living better” and aims to open the conversation about money, share advice 5.________ educate young adults.
Now Fagan runs The Financial Diet with graphic designer Lauren Ver Hage. Their team 6.________ (make) up of another five women and multiple guest contributors. Anyone who has something to share about anything related 7.________ money can submit a blog post and it ends up being published. This allows for plenty of opinions, 8.________ (experience) and tips. Aside from money, the topics include career tips, college finances, budgeting for your lifestyle and travel and how to manage your money to live your dream life.
9．________ first smart money move you can make is to take advantage of this free and informative resource. Doing so won't cost you any money but can 10.________ (final) save you some.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
2023·武汉市调研 应用文 206词 ★★★☆☆
Ben Miller is a British actor, as well as a productive writer for children. Here, he shares his favorite books.
King Arthur and His Knights of the Round Table by Roger Lancelyn Green
I loved reading when I was little. My parents were both English teachers, and our home was full of books. Dickens was a family favorite. But the book that really fired my imagination was King Arthur and His Knights of the Round Table by Roger Lancelyn Green.
Buy__King__Arthur__and__His__Knights__of__the__Round__Table__here
The Diary of a Nobody by George and Weedon Grossmith
I'm a fool for a classic, and I'm so glad I finally managed to finish The Diary of a Nobody by George and Weedon Grossmith. Put simply, it's the funniest book I've ever read, with text by George and illustrations by Weedon.
Buy__The__Diary__of__a__Nobody__here
Exhalation by Ted Chiang
It's never too late to have your life changed by a book, and it happened to me again recently when I read Ted Chiang's collection Exhalation. Story of Your Life, one of his best in it, inspired the alien visitation sci fi classic Arrival. I love that too, but each and every piece in Exhalation is its match in imagination.
Buy__Exhalation__here
Ben Miller's new book The Night We Got Stuck in a Story is available now.
*This post contains some links, so we may earn a small amount of money when you make a purchase through links on our site at no additional cost to you.
1．Who wrote the book Ben Miller considers the most amusing
A.Dickens.
B．Roger Lancelyn Green.
C．Ted Chiang.
D．George and Weedon Grossmith.
2．Which category does the book Exhalation most likely fall in
A．The fairy tale. B．Poetry.
C．Science fiction. D．The comic.
3．What's the main purpose of the text
A．To advertise some books.
B．To attract new subscriptions.
C．To recommend a famous actor.
D．To share Miller's reading habits.
B
2023·武汉市调研 说明文 349词 ★★★☆☆
It is reported that rail industry bosses are planning to phase out paper train tickets and shut almost 1，000 station ticket offices in England. The government says nothing has been decided. But the transport secretary, Grant Shapps, points out some stations sell only a handful of tickets each week and the vast majority of transactions (交易) have moved online.
Regardless of the outcome of the plan, the direction of travel is clear. In the name of modernization and cost cutting, station ticket offices are likely to follow many high street bank branches and rural post offices into memory. For those who have grown used to the advantages of organizing travel via a smartphone, there will be little to mourn (哀悼). But for people without online access or skills, another small social barrier will have emerged. A recent report estimated that around 6% of households—1.5 m homes—have no Internet access. Millions more of us remain irregular and unconfident users of the Internet. Most likely, as digital technology becomes the gatekeeper to everyday life, a significant minority risks being left behind.
The shift online is unavoidable, but its fallout needs to be managed with more care. Technology should not be allowed to drive people to the side of their own lives, which is increasingly the case. Ros Altmann, the former pensions minister, recently wrote of being contacted by an elderly woman who no longer drives to her local park, because she cannot download the car parking app required.
The debate over ticket offices offers an opportunity to reflect more broadly on the increasing role of technology in our social landscape. Clearly, much more needs to be invested in helping marginalized (边缘化的) groups gain easy online access. Alternative offline options must be maintained for important services. Contactable telephone numbers and staffed public access points should always be available. This will cost more. But that is the price of being fair to those who find themselves on the wrong side of the digital divide.
4．What forces the rail industry to phase out paper train tickets
A．Costs of Internet access.
B．Closure of station ticket offices.
C．A sharp decline of offline transactions.
D．The government's efforts to digitize the industry.
5．Which of the following might fall victim to the plan
A．Rural post offices.
B．Irregular Internet users.
C．Unconfident households.
D．High street bank branches.
6．How does the author clarify his opinion in Paragraph 3
A.By giving an example.
B．By making a comparison.
C．By citing research data.
D．By offering statistical analysis.
7．What does the author suggest in the last paragraph
A.Taking the digital divide fairly.
B．Maintaining a diversity of services.
C．Investing more in public transport.
D．Slowing down the pace of modernization.
Ⅲ.应用文写作
[2023·新课标Ⅱ卷]假定你是李华，外教Ryan准备将学生随机分为两人一组，让大家课后练习口语，你认为这样分组存在问题。请你给外教写一封邮件，内容包括：
1. 说明问题；
2. 提出建议。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
Dear Ryan，
I'm Li Hua from Class 3.__________________________ _______________
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Yours sincerely，
Li Hua练习14 七选五＋完形填空＋应用文写作
Ⅰ.七选五
2020·全国卷Ⅱ 说明文 240词 ★★☆☆☆
Emoji (表情符号) and Workplace Communication
In Asia, messaging platforms are growing rapidly, with users in the hundreds of millions, both at work and play. __1__. It's been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work.
Written communications can often read as cold and dull. Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping intention clear. __2__， encouraging better and more frequent communication.
In any given office, employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond, and finding common ground in communication style can be a challenge. __3__. While the younger generations prefer to communicate visually, for those used to working with traditional tools like email, it may feel like a learning curve (曲线). The good news is that it's simple to learn and can be worth the effort.
There is also the matter of tone (语气). Who hasn't received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day __4__. Emoji can help communication feel friendlier, and even a serious note can be softened with an encouraging smile.
__5__， and emoji can contribute directly to that positive outcome. And when your employees begin adding smiling emojis to their business communication, you'll know you have succeeded in improving your work culture.
A．Messages with emojis feel more conversational
B．Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendly
C．Sending smiling faces to colleagues may seem strange
D．The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally
E.Giving employees the tools enables them to communicate honestly
F．Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplace
G．An easy way to bring all work generations together is with a chat platform
Ⅱ.完形填空
2023·新课标Ⅱ卷 记叙文 230词 ★★☆☆☆
In April last year, I saw a post on the PNP (Pilots N Paws) website from a family in Topeka. They had to move to Virginia but they were on a very tight __1__. They could not afford to pay for __2__ for their dog, Tiffy, and __3__ wanted to take her with them.
It just __4__ that I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot, Karen, who __5____ to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia. What I was to do was fly to Topeka to __6__ Tiffy.
When I met Tiffy's owners, they seemed very __7__. George, the husband, was trying to be calm, but I could tell this was __8__ for him, having to leave his dog to a __9__ and trust that everything would __10__.
After some goodbyes, I asked George and his wife to help me __11__ Tiffy into the plane. I promised to take care of Tiffy and __12__ them as soon as we got to Kansas City.
The flight was __13__， and Tiffy was a great passenger. The next day, she __14__ with Karen and made it back to George in Virginia within a few days. He was so __15__ and sent me a nice e mail with pictures. It felt great to know that I had helped bring this family together again.
1．A.turn B．budget
C．schedule D．connection
2．A.food B．shelter
C．medicine D．transportation
3．A.desperately B．temporarily
C．secretly D．originally
4．A.appeared B．proved
C．happened D．showed
5．A.waited B．offered
C．hurried D．failed
6．A.see off B．look for
C．hand over D．pick up
7．A.confused B．nervous
C．annoyed D．curious
8．A.hard B．fine
C．common D．lucky
9．A.coworker B．passenger
C．stranger D．neighbor
10．A.speed up B．work out
C．come back D．take off
11．A.feed B．follow
C．change D．load
12．A.call B．join
C．leave D．serve
13．A.unnecessary B．unexpected
C．unavoidable D．uneventful
14．A.returned B．fought
C．flew D．agreed
15．A.thankful B．generous
C．proud D．sympathetic
Ⅲ.应用文写作
[2023·四省高考适应性测试]你刚观看了你校与英国一所友好学校联合在线上举办的音乐会。请在线上留言板上写一则评论，内容包括：
1．音乐会特点；
2．观看感受；
3．建议。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
This online concert is absolutely fantastic.
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黄金考点
语法填空——非谓语动词
考点23 作目的状语一定用to do
考例 The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ________(improve) water quality.
点拨 根据句意可知，应用动词不定式to improve作状语，表示目的。
考点24 非谓语动词用于固定用法
考例 But unlike her school friends, 16 year old Sarah is not spending half term ________ (rest).
点拨 spend... doing sth.“花……时间做某事”，为固定用法，故填resting。练习51 语法填空＋阅读理解
Ⅰ.语法填空
2023·济南模拟 新闻报道 210词 ★★★☆☆
When you set foot in Nanhan village, Hebei Province, you will be amazed at what you see. An ancient stone gate first greets your eyes 1.________ the entrance to the village. As you explore it 2.________ (far), rows of ancient buildings and carved doorways spring into view.
Nanhan has a long history of producing 3.________ have been widely recognized as fine crafts (工艺品) at home and abroad. Although there has been back and forth in the village development, the villagers' craftsmanship has managed to survive the test of time and get 4.________ (carry) forward. With the support of local authorities, the traditional crafts business has expanded over the years and increased the locals' income. They have come to believe that possessing a handicraft skill can enable them 5.________ (make) a living. Liu Junchao, the youngest craftsman in the village, 6.________ (start) to learn about craftsmanship at a workshop in the village after graduation from high school. He is now preparing to build a public cultural and creative education center to provide free 7.________ (train) for young people who are interested in learning handicrafts, and will also use short video platforms to release free teaching 8.________(video).
The village has stepped up support for local craftsmen and carried out education for villagers, so more people can commit 9.________ (they) to taking up local craftsmanship. The idea is to carve out 10.________ new road of beautiful countryside that is ideal for living, working and traveling.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
2023·武汉调研 说明文 304词 ★★★★☆
When I mentioned to some friends that we all have accents, most of them proudly replied, “Well, I speak perfect English/Chinese/etc.” But this kind of response misses the point.
More often than not, what we mean when we say someone “has an accent” is that their accent is different from the local one, or that pronunciations are different from our own. But this definition of accents is limiting and could give rise to prejudice. Funnily enough, in terms of the language study, every person speaks with an accent. It is the regular differences in how we produce sounds that define our accents. Even if you don't hear it yourself, you speak with some sort of accent. In this sense, it's pointless to point out that someone “has an accent”. We all do!
Every person speaks a dialect (方言) , too. In the field of the language study，a dialect is a version of a language that is characterized by its variations of structure , phrases and words. For instance, “You got eat or not？” (meaning “Have you eaten？” )is an acceptable and understood question in Singapore Oral English. The fact that this expression would cause a standard American English speaker to take pause doesn't mean that Singapore Oral English is “wrong” or “ungrammatical”. The sentence is well formed and clearly communicative, according to native Singapore English speakers' solid system of grammar. Why should it be wrong just because it's different
We need to move beyond a narrow conception of accents and dialects—for the benefit of everyone. Language differences like these provide insights into people's cultural experiences and backgrounds. In a global age, the way one speaks is a distinct part of one's identity. Most people would be happy to talk about the cultures behind their speech. We'd learn more about the world we live in and make friends along the way.
1．What does the author think of his/her friends' response in Paragraph 1
A．It reflects their self confidence.
B．It reflects their language levels.
C．It misses the point of communication.
D．It misses the real meaning of accents.
2．Why does the author use the example of Singapore Oral English
A．To justify the use of dialects.
B．To show the diversity of dialects.
C．To correct a grammatical mistake.
D．To highlight a traditional approach.
3．What does the author recommend us to do in the last paragraph
A．Learn to speak with our local dialect.
B．Seek for an official definition of accents.
C．Appreciate the value of accents and dialects.
D．Distinguish our local languages from others'.
4．What can be a suitable title for this passage
A．Everyone Has an Accent
B．Accents Enhance Our Identities
C．Dialects Lead to Misunderstanding
D．Standard English Is at Risk
B
2023·南京市、盐城市模拟 说明文 309词 ★★★☆☆
Among my friends, one topic seems to dominate their conversations: bones. It makes sense, given that 20 percent of American women over 50 have osteoporosis (骨质疏松) and that more than half have bone loss. For men, the figures are lower: 4 percent and a third. Worldwide, one out of three women over 50 and one out of five older men will develop a fracture (骨折). Another reason for the endless argument about bone problems is mass confusion over how to strengthen your bones best and whether diet really makes a difference.
Diet research is always messy, and study results on nutrition and bone health haven't been consistent. But__gradually__some__clarity__is__emerging. As we draw up resolutions for what to eat, it's useful to look at new data on vitamin D. Calcium is the key element for building bones, and vitamin D helps to absorb calcium from the food we eat, so doctors often recommend D supplements (补充物) to make up for age related bone loss.
But a recent study found that taking D supplements for five years did not reduce the rate of fractures in seniors. That result built on earlier findings, led by the same team, that these supplements do not improve bone density (密度). “Food and sun exposure likely provide enough vitamin D for healthy adults，” says Mery LeBoff, who led the study.
What does help maintain strong bones for all of us The easy answer is food high in calcium, such as milk and tofu. “Getting it from food is best，” LeBoff says, “because there are so many other nutrients (营养物), and you have more continuous absorption than from D supplements.”
The other key element of bone health involves calories out rather than calories in. Weight bearing exercise stimulates bone formation throughout life. So while focusing on better nutritional choices, add more exercise to your daily menu.
5．What do the statistics in Paragraph 1 emphasize
A．The seriousness of bone problems.
B．The concern about senior citizens.
C．The confusion about strengthening bones.
D．The importance of having a balanced diet.
6．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 imply
A．Diet research is no longer a challenge.
B．We've made resolutions to study diets.
C．Findings on bone health prove to be similar.
D．We begin to agree on ways to keep bones healthy.
7．What can be inferred from the recent study
A．People can absorb vitamin D in food easily.
B．The findings go against LeBoff's earlier ones.
C．D supplements play a minor role than expected.
D．Fractures are linked with weight bearing exercise.
8．What is a suitable title for the text
A．Recipes for better bones
B．Your bones cry!
C．The magic of D supplements
D．Vitamin D wins!
答题策略
语法填空——代词
代词的应用与少用
应用 ① 认清代词指代对象，注意前后人称要一致
② 认清代词指代对象，注意前后单复数要一致
③ 认清代词指代对象，注意前后性别要一致
④ this，that，it的应用；something和everything的应用；so和such的应用；反身代词与人称代词的应用；形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词的应用；人称代词和物主代词的应用；人称代词的主格和宾格的应用，注意它的区别和运用
少用 ⑤ 物主代词或人称代词的少用
⑥ 留意无冠词、无物主代词、无不定代词修饰的名词练习2 单句语法填空＋七选五＋完形填空
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(介词)
1．[2023·广东深圳实验学校联考]Here you'll be in one of the world's most remote locations, but still have access ________ hot showers and well prepared meals.
2．[2023·山东春季二模·改编]Happiness is on the basis ________ your feelings in your heart.
3．[2023·湖南长沙二中检测]The police believe that the same man is responsible ________ three other murders in the area.
4．[2023·湖北华中师大二附中月考]When the explorers first set foot ________ the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife.
5．They believe they can achieve anything merely ________ clicking a button.
6．In the long run, the advantages of online education extend beyond the students and their employers to the effect ________ the economy.
7．The gentleman who asked about our intention had left his credit card number to pay ________ our order and then walked off.
8．I know that her high standards have helped me stay focused ________ what's important.
9．To make a huge success, a scientist has to be prepared to get ________ deep trouble.
10．Unfortunately, in his twenties, he suffered ________ a disease that couldn't be cured, which was a great challenge for him.
Ⅱ.七选五
2023·新课标Ⅰ卷 说明文 300词 ★★★☆☆
Personal Forgiveness
Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don't beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human. __1__ You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.
In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” __2__ Are you caring Creative Generous A good listener Fun to be around They don't have to be world changing, just aspects of your personality that you're proud of.
At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you've done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. __3__
You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. __4__ That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don't wait until you've made a mistake to try this—it's a great way to boost self confidence at any time.
It's something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it's true. __5__ We're all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.
A．A little self forgiveness also goes a long way.
B．Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C．They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D．It's just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E．It doesn't mean you have to ignore what's happened or forget it.
F．Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G．Whatever the mistake, remember it isn't a fixed aspect of your personality.
Ⅲ.完形填空
2023·新课标Ⅰ卷 记叙文 246词 ★★☆☆☆
On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have __1__ the course earlier than she did. Her __2__ came because she was carrying a __3__ across the finish line.
As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two thirds of the way through her __4__ when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. She __5__ to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with __6__. She couldn't. Bailey then __7__ to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get __8__ attention.
Once there, Lenoue was __9__ and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees. She would have struggled with extreme __10__ to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey's help.
As for Bailey, she is more __11__ about why her act is considered a big __12__. “She was just crying. I couldn't __13__ her，” Bailey told the reporter. “I feel like I was just doing the right thing.”
Although the two young women were strangers before the __14__， they've since become friends. Neither won the race, but the __15__ of human kindness won the day.
1．A.designed B．followed
C．changed D．finished
2．A.delay B．chance
C．trouble D．excuse
3．A.judge B．volunteer
C．classmate D．competitor
4．A.race B．school
C．town D．training
5．A.agreed B．returned
C．stopped D．promised
6．A.courage B．aid
C．patience D．advice
7．A.went away B．stood up
C．stepped aside D．bent down
8．A.medical B．public
C．constant D．equal
9．A.interrupted B．assessed
C．identified D．appreciated
10．A.hunger B．pain
C．cold D．tiredness
11．A.worried B．ashamed
C．confused D．discouraged
12．A.game B．problem
C．lesson D．deal
13．A.leave B．cure
C．bother D．understand
14．A.ride B．test
C．meet D．show
15．A.secret B．display
C．benefit D．exchange
黄金考点
语法填空——冠词
考点3 用在序数词前或最高级前
考例 The plum trees are ________ first to flower even as the snow is melting (融化).
点拨 在序数词first前，要用定冠词the。
考点4 冠词用于固定短语
考例 Unexpectedly, I'm face to face with the gorilla (大猩猩), who begins screaming at ________ top of her lungs.
点拨 at the top of“在……的顶上； 在……的顶点”，为固定搭配， 故填the。练习22 语法填空＋阅读理解
Ⅰ.语法填空
2023·合肥高三质检 说明文 191词 ★★★☆☆
Despite its vast distances and huge variety 1.________ landscapes, getting around in China is convenient and inexpensive. Shining bullet trains zip (疾驰) to all corners of the country, while buses connect smaller towns and villages.
Train travel is the best way to get around China for comfort, 2.________ (convenient) and sustainability. China has the world's 3.________(long) and most used high speed railway network. In between, slower expresses, local and overnight trains connect many smaller towns.
Upgrades and expansions of the railway network continue quickly, with thousands of kilometers of new track laid each year, 4.________ makes it possible to get almost anywhere you want by rail. High speed trains are usually brand new and 5.________ (amazing) efficient, with both business and regular class 6.________ (section) comfortable and clean. However, it is on the slower, more traditional trains that you'll see the best of China's train culture, and have the chance 7.________ (meet) locals, exchange snacks and learn something new as you trundle (慢行) through the Chinese countryside.
For remote parts and small villages, long distance buses are often 8.________ only option. Bus travel tends to be much cheaper than train or air tickets, and it's relatively comfortable, with vehicles 9.________ (range) from express coaches to smaller minibuses. China 10.________ (lead) the way in electrifying its bus fleets (车队), with around 500，000 electric buses in operation around the country, most of them in cities.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
2023·南京高三质检 记叙文 335词 ★★★☆☆
Liden decided that he would not pick out a ring from a jeweler's like most other people. He hatched an ambitious plan to create a personalized ring for his future wife, Desirae. Therefore, he made up his mind to go into the wild to find his own materials: the diamond, the gold and the accompanying jewels.
So, in May 2021, Liden told his lover that he and Josh Tucker, his best friend, would have a Yellowstone camping trip. Instead, he and Tucker made for Crater of Diamonds State Park, Arkansas, which is set on a volcanic crater (坑). The park is one of the few places in the world where the public is welcome to search for real diamonds and can keep them for free. Liden realized that there was only less chance for him to discover a spectacular diamond, but he took on the challenge.
On their way, Liden and Tucker stopped in Helena, Montana, to mine for accompanying jewels to add to the diamond they hoped to find. In Arkansas, the pair paid for the entrance tickets to get into the park and spent almost three days searching through the volcanic dirt.
On the third day, Liden suddenly spotted something reflecting light in the sands. “I was so excited that I started shaking，” he said, “it was oily and shiny, and I immediately knew it was a diamond.”
It was confirmed that Liden had found a 2.2 carat yellow diamond. Similarly sized diamonds go for $2，500 to $20，000 per carat, depending on quality, color and the cut. But the value wasn't what was important to Liden.
When he pulled out the diamond and went down on one knee upon his return, Desirae was amazed. “I knew that he was going to propose someday，” she said, “but I certainly didn't expect this.”
1．What was Liden's ambitious plan
A．He intended his ring to consist of various jewels.
B.He would get a personalized ring from a jeweler's.
C．He decided to make a ring together with his future wife.
D．He planned to hunt for a natural diamond to create a ring.
2．Why did Liden and Tucker choose Crater of Diamonds State Park
A．It was the only place that charged jewel hunters nothing.
B．They were likely to find more than just natural diamonds.
C．The majority of park visitors had got their ideal diamonds.
D．The public was allowed to keep any diamond found there.
3．Why was Liden excited about his findings
A．He had got the largest diamond in the park's history.
B．The value of the diamond was above his expectations.
C.He was lucky to acquire the diamond for his dream ring.
D．The quality and color of his diamond ranked among the best.
4．What can we learn from the story
A．True love stories never have endings.
B．Love shows more in action than in words.
C．Absence makes two hearts grow fonder.
D．A life full of love will never be boring.
B
2023·沈阳高三质检 说明文 328词 ★★★☆☆
In a study in the journal Science, researchers at Northwestern University in Illinois reported that they had developed an effective and inexpensive method for breaking down chemicals called per and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) .
PFAS, first created in the 1930s, are chemical compounds (化合物). They are used to make a wide range of everyday products, including nonstick pans, carpeting, electronics, and fast food wrappers. Once the chemicals are in the environment, they are almost impossible to eliminate because they are designed to avoid breaking down. Researchers have linked regular levels of exposure to these chemicals with several health problems, including liver damage, an increased risk of cancer, and reduced immunity.
Scientists had previously figured out how to remove PFAS from polluted water or soil but there was no safe and effective way to destroy them once they were removed. The study reported that when the team boiled PFAS molecules (分子) with two common substances, the PFAS quickly broke down and became harmless.
In 2020, William Dichtel, a chemist and professor at Northwestern, read a study in which chemists at the University of Alberta, in Canada, found an easy way to break down chains of molecules. He asked a graduate student, Brittany Trang, to try the method on PFAS molecules.
Trang had spent months in the lab unsuccessfully attempting to pull apart PFAS, and at first she thought Dichtel's idea was too simple to work. But she tried it, boiling PFAS with a common solvent (溶剂) called dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Trang was shocked when the process destroyed the PFAS. She later mixed DMSO with a chemical called sodium hydroxide and broke down PFAS even more quickly.
The scientists will work on ways to destroy PFAS outside the lab so large amounts of forever chemicals can be broken down at once. “It's a huge challenge, but it's in our grasp，” Dichtel told The New York Times. Scientists are also calling for a decrease in the amount of PFAS being released into the natural world. In June, the US government announced new plans to monitor PFAS, decrease the amount of PFAS released into the environment, and address the effects of PFAS on human health.
5．What does the underlined word “eliminate” probably mean in Paragraph 2
A．Identify. B．Destroy.
C．Appear. D．Release.
6．How did William Dichtel find the way to break down chains of molecules
A．He got information from a study of others.
B．He conducted the experiments on his own.
C．His graduate student, Brittany Trang, told him.
D.Chemists at the University of Alberta told him.
7．What can we learn about Brittany Trang's experiment
A.She tried the method from Dichtel but didn't succeed at first.
B．She pulled apart PFAS with her own idea at her first attempt.
C.She developed a more effective method to break down PFAS.
D．She thought Dichtel's idea was too simple, so she didn't try it.
8．What do scientists advocate the public doing
A．Addressing the effects of PFAS on human health and environment.
B．Reducing the amount of PFAS being released into the environment.
C．Finding more effective ways to destroy PFAS in and outside the lab.
D．Stopping the use of PFAS in everyday life to avoid health problems.
黄金考点
语法填空——时态
考点30 时态与上下文要一致
考例 Actually, I ________ (start) to learn kung fu when I was seven years old.
点拨 根据时间状语从句when I was seven years old可知，此处是在叙述过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故填started。
考点31 并列成分前后时态要一致
考例 The instructor kept repeating the words, “Speed up！” “Slow down！” “________ (turn) left！”
点拨 根据前面教练发出的两个指令可知，这三个短句属于并列结构，都是祈使句，谓语动词用原形，所以应填Turn，跟前面的Speed和Slow一致。练习19 阅读理解＋读后续写
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
2023·深圳高三调研 应用文 295词 ★★☆☆☆
King's Volunteering of King's College London is looking for paid members to sit on the Student Advisory Board for Volunteering. The Board plays an important role in influencing the development and delivery of the volunteering service. Its aim is to find volunteering opportunities for students, teachers and other staff at school.
Volunteering, which has the potential to create positive social impact, is a key priority for King's. The Board will ensure that students' needs are at the core of the service so that all King's students can make a difference.
This year, the Student Advisory Board for Volunteering will co create the agenda, and potential topics include：
Volunteering opportunities for the disabled.
Promotion of the Board's service.
How to recognize and reward volunteers.
Evaluation of the Board's work.
This is a unique and exciting opportunity open to all studying at King's, regardless of how much or how little you have volunteered. The Board will be run both online and in person, and board members will be paid the London Living Wage (￡11.95 per hour) via King's Talent Bank.
The application deadline is 23：59 on Friday, 31st March 2023.
Apply via the form below, using your King's email address.
1．What does the Board aim to do for those at King's
A．Perform voluntary work.
B．Meet their academic needs.
C．Provide learning opportunities.
D．Discover volunteering chances.
2．Which of the following is a possible topic for this year's agenda
A．Running the Board online.
B．Training voluntary workers.
C．Assessing the Board's performance.
D．Taking care of people with disabilities.
3．Who can apply to be a member of the Board at King's
A．The students. B．The teachers.
C．The graduates. D．The working staff.
B
2023·四省适应性测试 说明文 282词 ★★☆☆☆
We all know that unpleasant feeling when we're talking about something interesting and halfway through our sentence we're interrupted. But was that really an interruption The answer depends on whom you ask, according to new research led by Katherine Hilton from Stanford University.
Using a set of controlled audio clips (录音片段), Hilton surveyed 5，000 American English speakers to better understand what affects people's perceptions of interruptions. She had participants listen to audio clips and then answer questions about whether the speakers seemed to be friendly and engaged, listening to one another, or trying to interrupt.
Hilton found that American English speakers have different conversational styles. She identified two distinct groups: high and low intensity speakers. High intensity speakers are generally uncomfortable with moments of silence in conversation and consider talking at the same time a sign of engagement. Low intensity speakers find it rude to talk at the same time and prefer people to speak one after another in conversation.
The differences in conversational styles became evident when participants listened to audio clips in which two people spoke at the same time but were agreeing with each other and stayed on topic, Hilton said. The high intensity group reported that conversations where people spoke at the same time when expressing agreement were not interruptive but engaged and friendlier than the conversations with moments of silence in between speaking turns. In contrast, the low intensity group perceived any amount of simultaneous (同时的) chat as a rude interruption, regardless of what the speakers were saying.
“People care about being interrupted, and those small interruptions can have a massive effect on the overall communication，” Hilton said. “Breaking apart what an interruption means is essential if we want to understand how humans interact with each other.”
4．What does Hilton's research focus on
A．What interruptions mean to people.
B．Whether interruptions are good or not.
C．How to avoid getting interrupted.
D．Why speakers interrupt each other.
5．What do participants of the study need to do
A．Record an audio clip.
B．Answer some questions.
C．Listen to one another.
D．Have a chat with a friend.
6．What do low intensity speakers think of simultaneous chat
A．It's important. B．It's interesting.
C．It's inefficient. D．It's impolite.
7．What can we learn from Hilton's research
A．Human interaction is complex.
B．Communication is the basis of life.
C．Interruptions promote thinking.
D．Language barriers will always exist.
Ⅱ.读后续写
[2023·石家庄高三质检]阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I still remember the day when we decorated the house. I was ten and it was two weeks before New Year. I was looking forward to my presents. Since I'm the youngest in the family, all of the family members would give me a gift one way or another. Sometimes it was a cookie or a hug but it was always there. I was the only center of attention and it was feeling good.
My uncles usually would ask me what I wanted before New Year and that year I knew what I wanted. It was the spaceship I saw in the ads. I was dreaming of opening a big gift box, and it was there. But that year it came in a way that I wasn't expecting.
It was two weeks before New Year. Just two weeks. She couldn't wait. My dear mother told my father that it was time, and then we went to the hospital. After an hour, they told me that I had a sister. But I didn't want a sister. I wanted a spaceship. The next few days went so fast. No one was caring about me. Everyone was talking about her and I knew that my life was never going to be the same ever again. I wasn't ready to grow up, to be a big brother. But it just happened in an instant.
On the day before New Year, everyone was in our home, talking only about my newborn sister. My family was becoming hers. Even my uncles didn't ask me anything about the gift. She stole everything I'd ever had, my life and my presents. Thinking about this, I cried myself to sleep. I had a nightmare (噩梦) and woke up in the middle of the night. Shadows were all around me, and I was defenseless and so weak. I ran into my parents' bedroom but couldn't wake up my poor parents who were just too worn out. I was standing near their bed, trying not to cry when I saw her. She was awake and looking at me with her big eyes in her small bed.
注意：1.词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Suddenly a long shadow came into the bedroom and she started crying.________________________________________________________________________
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After having comforted her, something slowly changed inside me.________________________________________________________________________
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Ⅰ.七选五
2023·南宁盐城高三模拟 说明文 239词 ★★★☆☆
Complaining is often looked at as a negative, but if you perfect it, great things can happen.
__1__ Experts insist that too much complaining will lower your empathy (共鸣) and stop you achieving your dream and living the life you want. They suggest that you cut out negativity from your life, especially people who complain.
__2__ Once we discover how to effectively integrate it, great things can happen. Dr Robin Kowalski found those who complain with the hopes of achieving a certain result tend to be happier.
Complaining also influences how people see us, creates social bonds, encourages empathy and helps create real changes. It plays a very important role in our lives and is a skill that can be extremely effective.__3__
So here are some ways to deal with complaining in a skillful way.
1．Clarify and organize your complaints. It will get your complaints across to others more easily.
2．Work out who can give you a hand.__4__Pick those who can empathize with you or help with your goal.
3．Make connections with others. It would be possible for people to know what you needed.
Conclude from specific things above, and our complaining is much more likely to be useful and effective：
·Use facts and logic.
·Identify who has the ability to make it happen.
·__5__
Whatever your complaining is, it'll make for your improvement when used correctly and effectively.
A．Get rid of your bitter complaints.
B．Don't complain to the same people.
C．Actually, complaining has a bad reputation.
D.Socialize with others to make complaints accessible.
E．However, complaining does serve as a real purpose in our lives.
F．The influences of complaining are not necessarily beneficial to us all.
G．Our goal is not to remove complaining, but make it more useful and effective.
Ⅱ.完形填空
2023·合肥市高三质检 记叙文 251词 ★★★☆☆
I've had a lot of bad luck lately. Last week my washing machine broke. I planned to fix it myself but soon __1__ the repairs would cost more than a new one would. Then this week the __2__ thing happened to my daughter's washing machine! This time I __3__ called a friend to help. Once again, however, it was broken beyond __4__.I ended up having to __5__ two. While both the new machines got delivered quickly, I still __6__ about what I was going through in my heart.
The moment I did that, my __7__ traveled back to when I was a child, I saw my grandma __8__ an old fashioned washing machine with my jeans and shirts. It didn't have a spin dryer (甩干机) inside so she had to put each item through a pair of rollers to __9__ the water. When the washing was done, she'd often pat the machine __10__. She had grown up handwashing clothes and was __11__ for the machine that did so much of the work for her.
Remembering this helped me realize that I was looking at things in the __12__ way. I was getting __13__ in the inconveniences of modern life instead of being thankful for all I have. The good old days had their share of __14__ and joys. And so do the good new days. What __15__ is how we live them and what we can learn from them.
1．A.regretted B．remembered
C．denied D．appreciated
2．A.usual B．same
C．funny D．amazing
3．A.even B．still
C．ever D．already
4．A.recognition B．control
C．repair D．compare
5．A.sell B．order
C．return D．fix
6．A.lied B．cared
C．complained D．argued
7．A.memory B．dream
C．doubt D．fear
8．A.covering B．decorating
C．loading D．equipping
9．A.purify B．remove
C．hold D．absorb
10．A.firmly B．hurriedly
C．wildly D．lovingly
11．A.grateful B．eager
C．sorry D．responsible
12．A.ideal B．proper
C．wrong D．traditional
13．A.carried away B．caught up
C．turned down D．taken over
14．A.purposes B．duties
C．excuses D．struggles
15．A.matters B．remains
C．works D．happens
黄金考点
语法填空——冠词
考点32 冠词用于习惯表达
考例 During my last winter holiday, I went to ________ countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.
点拨 go to the countryside“去乡下”，为习惯表达，故在countryside前加the。
考点33 表示泛指用不定冠词
考例 For example, every morning, my dad has to have ________ bowl of egg soup while I have to eat an apple.
点拨 此处表示每天喝一碗汤，表示泛指，故需填冠词a。
考点34 表示特指用定冠词
考例 Around me in ________ picture are the things which were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.
点拨 此处特指“这幅图片”，故用定冠词the修饰picture。练习43 阅读理解＋应用文写作
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
2023·福建省练习卷 应用文 285词 ★★★☆☆
Many of the top museums and cultural attractions in L．A. are your best choices if you visit Los Angeles. From ancient artifacts to modern art, read on for our guide in Los Angeles.
Museum of Latin American Art: Founded in 1996, it is the only art museum in the United States devoted to modern and contemporary Latin American art. Since its beginning, it has doubled its size, added a 15，000 square foot sculpture garden and expanded its permanent collection, ranging from works by Tamayo and Matta to Cruz Diez, Los Carpinteros and Tunga. Free admission every Sunday.
Autry Museum of the American West: Located in Griffith Park, the Autry features world class galleries filled with Native American art and artifacts, film memorabilia, historic firearms and more. The Autry's collection of more than 500，000 pieces of art and artifacts includes the Southwest Museum of the American Indian Collection, one of the largest and most significant collections of Native American materials in the country. Free admission on the second Tuesday of every month.
Descanso Gardens: Located in La Canada Flintridge, the 160 acre Descanso Gardens was originally developed in 1936 by Elias Manchester Boddy, whose numerous interests included hort iculture and politics. Descanso Gardens offers numerous areas for exploring, including a Japanese tea garden, water wise garden, Oak Woodland, California Garden, and the world's largest collection of camellia flowers. Free admission on the third Tuesday of every month.
Kidspace Children's Museum: Founded in 1979 by members of the Caltech community and Junior League of Pasadena, the museum develops the potential of all kids through kid driven experiences, inspiring them to become joyful, active learners. Admission to the museum is free on First Fridays.
1．What is special about Museum of Latin American Art
A.It has a very long history.
B．It has been continuously enlarged.
C．It owns Native American artifacts.
D．It offers a wide range of exploration.
2．Which of the following helps to promote initiative
A.Museum of Latin American Art.
B．Autry Museum of the American West.
C．Descanso Gardens.
D．Kidspace Children's Museum.
3．What do the museums and the gardens have in common
A．They take up large areas.
B．They have diverse cultures.
C．They collect artworks permanently.
D．They offer free admission regularly.
B
2023·广东高考模拟 说明文 342词 ★★★☆☆
A new study has found that a child's reading speed can be improved by simply increasing the space between letters within a piece of text. The research, led by Dr Steven Stagg of Anglia Ruskin University (ARU), examined the benefits of letter spacing and coloured overlays (颜色标注) among children.
Two groups of children, dyslexic (有阅读障碍的) and non dyslexic children, were asked to read four texts with either standard or extra large letter spacing, both with and without a coloured overlay. They were instructed to read the text out loud while being recorded. The recording was used to measure the number of errors they made—specifically missed words, added words, wrong words, and pronunciation—as well as the participants' reading time.
The study discovered that the text with increased space between letters provided benefits for both groups. On average, the dyslexic group showed a 13% increase in reading speed, while the group of non dyslexic children showed a 5% increase. In addition to improving reading speed, it also resulted in a significant decline in the number of words missed by the children with dyslexic. However, the study found that coloured overlays had no significant impact on reading speed or the reduction of errors for either group.
Dr Stagg, Senior Lecturer in Psychology at ARU, said, “We believe extra large letter spacing works by reducing what is known as the ‘crowding effect’， which can hamper the recognition of letters and reduce reading speed.”
“Our findings strongly suggest that teachers can be confident that all children would be helped by increased letter spacing in reading materials，” Dr Stagg added. “While we found that coloured overlays provided few benefits, we suggest children should be encouraged to use overlays if they find these help their reading. Coloured overlays may not increase reading speeds, but they may extend reading stamina (持久力). Previous research suggests their benefits may not become apparent if reading time is less than 10 minutes and the short reading duration of the tests in our study may have put coloured overlays at a disadvantage.”
4．Which of the following best describes the research process in Paragraph 2
A. Illustrate, group and report.
B. Read, instruct and measure.
C. Question, assume and prove.
D. Categorize, record and count.
5．What can we learn about increased letter spacing from Paragraph 3
A. It reduces reading errors.
B. It sharpens reading skills.
C. It arouses reading interest.
D. It enhances reading comprehension.
6．What does the underlined word “hamper” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Obtain. B. Prevent.
C. Change. D. Involve.
7．What can be inferred about coloured overlays from Paragraph 5
A. They might not have been evaluated fairly.
B. They might not be recommended by experts.
C. They might work better in short reading.
D. They might have some disadvantages.
Ⅱ.应用文写作
[2023·杭州市高三质检]假定你是某国际学校学生会主席。你校准备组织一次“让文物活起来”(Bring Cultural Relics to Life)的活动，请你用英语写一篇开幕辞，欢迎参加活动的师生。内容包括：
1．表示欢迎；
2．活动目的；
3．活动内容。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右。
2．参考词汇：手工艺品artifact。
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答题策略
语法填空——定语从句
定语从句题的解题步骤(1)
例题 But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid 1980s，________ I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
步骤 ① 确定先行词the mid 1980s指物，从that, which, whose, when, why, where中选择(见上一个答题策略表格)
② 确定the mid 1980s在从句中作时间状语，故用when引导定语从句
答案 when 先行词the mid 1980s表示时间，且在从句中作时间状语，故用关系副词when引导定语从句练习35 七选五＋完形填空＋读后续写
Ⅰ.七选五
2023·四省高考测试 说明文 272词 ★★☆☆☆
There has been a very serious decline in the numbers of shallow water fish as a result of overfishing. People still want to eat fish, so the fishing industry must look at other sources, especially the deep waters of the Atlantic. __1__
Conservation measures will have to be put in place if these deep sea fish are to survive. Research on five such species shows that numbers have declined by between 87 percent and 98 percent. __2__ Many species could well disappear completely if the present trend continues. These are species that have been swimming in our oceans for hundreds of millions of years.
The problem is emphasised by the fact that the decline in numbers happened in less than twenty years. Deep sea fish take a long time to reproduce and normally live for many years. __3__ The average size of such fish also declined, with one species showing a 57 percent decline in average size. This is of particular concern, as large fish tend to produce more offspring than small ones.
__4__ The deep sea species have been caught as if they were the fast breeding (快速繁殖) fish like sardine and herring. It is like killing elephants as if they reproduced at the same rate as rabbits. The damage done by overfishing goes beyond the sea environment. Millions of people make a living in the fishing industry. __5__ Measures must be taken to not only conserve ecosystems, but also sustain livelihoods and ensure food security.
A.Billions of people rely on fish for protein.
B．Many people now choose not to eat deep sea fish.
C.Unfortunately, their reproduction rate is very low.
D.This puts them in the category of “critically endangered”．
E．None of these facts has been taken into account by the fishing industry.
F．Overfishing is a major cause of the decline in populations of ocean wildlife.
G．This has resulted in a sharp decline in the numbers of many of the species caught.
Ⅱ.完形填空
2023·沈阳市质检 记叙文 268词 ★★★★☆
After I gave birth, it seemed my brain had been dragged out of me along with my newborn son. Everything became __1__ and conversation often lost in mid sentence. I thought these __2__ mistakes may be just ‘mommy brain’ while I coped with middle of the night feedings. However, after little Nicholas began to __3__ through the night, I remained in a constant state of __4__.
I told myself I'd feel intelligent again. I thought about my __5__ life. What engaged my brain then I wandered through the house and found __6__ staring me in the face: books. I looked online and found the exact __7__： 50 Book Challenge. Read 50 books in a year, whatever __8__ I wanted. Within days I discovered new books of interest and ordered some fresh __9__.I had my resolution: 50 books.
My competitive spirit began to __10__.I found time where it had never existed before. I read as my son watched Sesame Street. I read when I __11__ a bus. I read before bedtime... My brain __12__ from hibernation (冬眠) and I had new and exciting things to discuss. I had started with a __13__ goal to bring my __14__ back. I did that, and got more. I showed my son Nicholas the __15__ of reading. Now it's common for my first grader to bring a pile of books to the couch for reading. We're reading together, and all is right with the world.
1．A.sunny B．foggy
C．smooth D．possible
2．A.physical B．behavioral
C．social D．mental
3．A.sleep B．cry
C．wake up D．stay up
4．A.tension B．security
C．confusion D．depression
5．A.pre school B．pre marriage
C．pre baby D．pre teen
6．A.answers B．questions
C．stars D．eyes
7．A.website B．comment
C．motivation D．title
8．A.price B．color
C．size D．subject
9．A.dishes B．reads
C．flowers D．fruits
10．A.take care B．take place
C．take off D．take effect
11．A.saw B．drove
C．caught D．rode
12．A.awoke B．froze
C．damaged D．suffered
13．A.simple B．common
C．different D．similar
14．A.power B．time
C．brain D．son
15．A.talent B．pleasure
C．process D．skill
Ⅲ.读后续写
[2023·合肥市质检]阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头号语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Sam, Wayne and Tim were three men in their 60s, jamming in the same dusty old garage where they used to play music when they were in high school. They chatted about old days, remembering the school days when they would take the stage and play together as a band.
Wayne looked around, wide eyed. “It's been more than 40 years since we practised here.”
“Yes! And remember how we promised to keep in touch and play together once a week？” Tim laughed.“Sam, remember our brilliant plans？”
“Ah yes! We thought we were inseparable! Now, look at us! Old and wrinkled, joints hurting, meeting at each other's grandkids' weddings... we're terrible at keeping in touch, except Will, of course. He was always calling and messaging. Where is Will He's the guy who planned this，” Sam smiled.
Just then，the three men's phones buzzed (嗡嗡地响), and the message they received made their hearts sink. It was a message from Jenny, Will's wife. Wayne rushed to his car, and the others followed. A short drive later, the three men knocked on the door of Will's house and tried to wait patiently.
Jenny looked almost unrecognizably pale and told them that Will was taking a nap. The medicines made him all weak. It moved the three men to tears to see their fourth band member in such poor health.
And that day, they found out the whole story of Will's illness. Will's heart condition was serious, and it had been worsening over the past few months. The doctor said only an operation could help. But it was going to cost at least $15，000. And after all the previous treatments, Will and Jenny didn't have that kind of money anymore. Jenny said the doctors had given Will 6 months, bursting into helpless tears. The three men comforted her and wiped their own tears. “Money isn't an issue，” Sam said as an idea came to him.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
The next day, the three men brought their instruments to the busy street corner.________________________________________________________________________
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Will was finally admitted to hospital three months later.________________________________________________________________________
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答题策略
语法填空——非谓语动词
非谓语动词之间区分步骤实例(1)
例题 When electricity was discovered in the late 1800s, people________ (live) in remote areas began to use them to produce electricity.
步骤 ① 找逻辑主语：people发生live这一动作，people是逻辑主语
② 判断主被动关系：people与live之间是逻辑上的主动关系
③ 判断时间关系：live动作与谓语动作began同时发生，用living
答案 living 逻辑主语people与live之间存在逻辑上的主动关系，live动作与谓语动词began动作同时发生，故用其动词 ing形式living作后置定语，修饰people。练习52 语法填空＋阅读理解
Ⅰ.语法填空
2022·全国乙卷 说明文 210词 ★★★☆☆
May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially 1.________ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. To celebrate 2.________ festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society 3.________ (address) the opening ceremony. “As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the 4.________ (large) tea producing country, China has a 5.________ (responsible) to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It can help to build a community with a 6.________ (share) future for mankind，” he said.
The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation 7.________ cultural exchanges. A four year tea promotion—Tea Road Cooperative Plan—was also issued in accordance with the initiative.
8．________ (strengthen) the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, 9.________ (invite) twenty nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening 10.________ (it) first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu'er Tea.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
2023·石家庄质检Ⅱ 说明文 281词 ★★★★☆
Many owners of electric cars have wished for a battery pack that could power their vehicle for more than a thousand miles on a single charge. Researchers have developed a lithium air battery that could make that dream a reality. The new battery design could also one day power airplanes and trucks. The main new component in this lithium air battery is a solid electrolyte (电解质) instead of the usual liquid variety.
Batteries with solid electrolytes are not subject to safety problems with the liquid electrolytes used in lithium ion and other battery types, which can overheat and catch fire. More importantly, the solid electrolyte can potentially boost the energy four times, which translates into longer driving range.
For over a decade, scientists have been working overtime to develop a lithium (锂) battery that makes use of the oxygen in air. The lithium air battery has the highest energy of any battery technology being considered for the next generation of batteries beyond lithium ion.
The new solid electrolyte is composed of a material made from relatively inexpensive elements, compared with the past designs. Besides, the chemical reaction in lithium ion only involves one or two electrons stored per oxygen molecule (分子), while that for the lithium air battery involves four electrons. More electrons stored means higher energy.
The new design is the first lithium air battery that has achieved a four electron reaction at room temperature. It also operates with oxygen supplied by air from the surrounding environment. The capability to run with air avoids the need for oxygen tanks to operate, a problem with earlier designs.
“With further development, we expect our new design for the lithium air battery to reach a record of 1，200 watt hours per kilogram，” said Curtiss, a researcher. “That is nearly four times better than lithium ion batteries.”
1．What contributes most to the lithium air battery
A．Lithium ion. B．Oxygen molecules.
C．Solid electrolytes. D．Liquid components.
2．What's the problem with lithium ion batteries
A．They burn easily if overheated.
B．They are unsafe in production.
C．They damage the environment.
D．They require longer charging time.
3．How does the author organize Paragraph 4
A．By giving examples.
B．By making comparisons.
C．By presenting statistics.
D．By analyzing cause and effect.
4．What is the best title of the text
A．How Lithium air Batteries Work
B．What Will Be Used to Power Airplanes
C．Electric Cars Are Becoming More Popular
D．New Batteries Offer Longer Driving Range
B
2023·全国甲卷 说明文 310词 ★★★☆☆
Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg, occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche—we revere (敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams. Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see, and their answer is often the same: a grizzly bear.
“Grizzly bears are re occupying large areas of their former range，” says bear biologist Chris Servheen. As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven't been seen in a century or more, they're increasingly being sighted by humans.
The western half of the U．S. was full of grizzlies when Europeans came, with a rough number of 50，000 or more living alongside Native Americans. By the early 1970s, after centuries of cruel and continuous hunting by settlers, 600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 percent of their former range in the Northern Rockies. In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act.
Today, there are about 2，000 or more grizzly bears in the U．S. Their recovery has been so successful that the U．S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to de list grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups. For now, grizzlies remain listed.
Obviously, if precautions (预防) aren't taken, grizzlies can become troublesome, sometimes killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food. If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble. Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hope is to have a clean, attractant free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits，” says James Jonkel, longtime biologist who manages bears in and around Missoula.
5．How do Americans look at grizzlies
A．They cause mixed feelings in people.
B．They should be kept in national parks.
C．They are of high scientific value.
D．They are a symbol of American culture.
6．What has helped the increase of the grizzly population
A．The European settlers' behavior.
B．The expansion of bears' range.
C．The protection by law since 1975.
D．The support of Native Americans.
7．What has stopped the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service from de listing grizzlies
A．The opposition of conservation groups.
B．The successful comeback of grizzlies.
C．The voice of the biologists.
D．The local farmers' advocates.
8．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．Food should be provided for grizzlies.
B．People can live in harmony with grizzlies.
C．A special path should be built for grizzlies.
D．Technology can be introduced to protect grizzlies.
答题策略
语法填空——冠词
冠词的误用、多用与少用
误用 ① 表示特指用the，表示泛指用a、an
② a、an的混用
多用 ③ 专有名词前不用冠词，如China
④ 学科名词前不用冠词，如physics
⑤ 球类名词前不用冠词，如football
⑥ 三餐名词前不用冠词，如lunch
⑦ 留意有多余冠词的固定短语
少用 ⑧ 留意无冠词、无物主代词、无不定代词修饰的单数可数名词
⑨ 留意缺少冠词的固定短语练习45 阅读理解＋读后续写
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
2023·济南高三模拟 应用文 291词 ★★★☆☆
Get ready to start your journey to the best public university system in the world － with just one application.
Apply for more than one UC campus
This will significantly increase your chances of being admitted to the UC system. While you may not receive an offer of admission from your first choice campus, all of our campuses—without exception—provide outstanding opportunities for you to learn and grow.
Apply on time
You can fill out the application in as many sessions as you want. Just remember to submit it by November 30 for the fall term.
Create an account
An email address and an email password are required in order to create an account. You should use the email account you use for all applications, so just make it easier to remember. We also recommend you use a non school issued email account e. g. Gmail, Yahoo! Mail. Campuses send important and time sensitive correspondence to applicants, so you should check your email regularly to follow up on your application.
Save information
You should click “Save & Continue” at the bottom of each page to save any entered information—there is 20 minute inactivity period after which the application will automatically sign you out. If you've successfully answered all required questions, the page will be marked with a checkmark on the right hand side.
Confirmation
Once you've submitted your application, you'll see confirmation page with important reminders and your UC application ID number which is used to access the various campus websites and, in many cases, to access your admission decisions.
1．What should students do to increase admission chances
A.Submit applications on time.
B．Apply for multiple campuses.
C．Open more than one account.
D．Decide on one ideal campus.
2．How can students learn about the latest application process
A.By checking the email.
B．By visiting the campus.
C．By making phone calls.
D．By creating a new account.
3．What will students get after completing the application
A.A checkmark.
B．A confirmation call.
C．A “Continue” button.
D．A UC application ID number.
B
2023·新课标Ⅰ卷 说明文 350词 ★★★☆☆
The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it's right for you.
To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people's digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.
In the final chapter of part one, I'll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I'll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1，600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You'll hear these participants' stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.
The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (独处) and the necessity of cultivating high quality leisure to replace the time most now spent on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances.
4．What is the book aimed at
A．Teaching critical thinking skills.
B．Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.
C．Solving philosophical problems.
D．Promoting the use of a digital device.
5．What does the underlined word “declutter” in Paragraph 3 mean
A．Clear up. B．Add on.
C．Check in. D．Take over.
6．What is presented in the final chapter of part one
A.Theoretical models.
B．Statistical methods.
C．Practical examples.
D．Historical analyses.
7．What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two
A．Use them as needed.
B．Recommend them to friends.
C．Evaluate their effects.
D．Identify the ideas behind them.
Ⅱ.读后续写
[2023·武汉市高三四月调研]阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Maria and Peter lived in a coastal city. The greatest pleasure in summer for them was to swim at their local beach after school. But one day they started to lose their enthusiasm for swimming in the waters. More often than not, they would find plastic bags thrown on the beach. Worse still, as they swam in the water, some plastic bags would float around them and even stick to their legs when they walked to the shore.
They were upset and decided something needed to be done to stop the beautiful sea becoming consumed by waste. One weekend, Maria and Peter brought a big bag to the beach and determined to clean it up. Sweat streamed down their forehead when they bent down and picked up the plastic bags. To their disappointment, after a day's hard work, there were still many plastic bags lying on the beach or floating in the water. Going home with aching legs and arms, Maria and Peter were almost defeated by a strong sense of failure.
That night over dinner with their parents, the pair ate silently. Noticing their low spirits, Mother asked gently, “You two looked so down. What happened？” Exchanging glances with Peter, Maria replied in a low voice, “It's those annoying plastic bags. We tried to clean up but it was just impossible.” Understanding the pair's disappointment, their father patted them on the back and comforted them, “Well, it's really hard for just two of you to fix such a big problem.”“Just two of us...” complained Maria and Peter, looking at each other. Suddenly, an idea flashed through their minds, their eyes shining with excitement. “Yes, that's the point! We should make more people aware of the problem and encourage them to take action” the pair said in chorus.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Quickly finishing their dinner, the pair went upstairs and started planning.________________________________________________________________________
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Excited and nervous, they posted the video and the article on WeChat.________________________________________________________________________
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答题策略
语法填空——时态、语态
时态、语态题的解题步骤
例题 So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not for profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I ________ (allow)to get up close to these cute animals at the 600 acre centre.
步骤 ① 通过上下文时态、时间状语、各种从句判定时态，叙述过去的事用一般过去式，叙述客观事实用一般现在时；(多考查一般过去时)
② 结合句意，根据主语与谓语动词之间的主动、被动关系判定语态
③ 确定助动词be或have的单复数形式
答案 was allowed 上下文叙述的是过去的事情，使用的是一般过去时，如was(where定语从句中叙述的是一般事实，故用的是一般现在时，应该排除干扰。)，所填词也应用一般过去时。又因为主语I与谓语动词allow之间是被动关系，故应用一般过去时的被动语态。主语是I，be动词用was练习15 阅读理解＋应用文写作
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
2021·全国乙卷 记叙文 268词 ★★★☆☆
You've heard that plastic is polluting the oceans—between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re examine their relationship to single use plastic products.
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse，” a pair of 10 foot tall plastic waves, frozen mid crash. Made of 168，000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source (来源) of plastic pollution, but they've recently come under fire because most people don't need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that's part of Von Wong's artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.
In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate (说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload's worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic，” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10，000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they'd been dumped (倾倒) from a truck all at once.
Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.
1．What are Von Wong's artworks intended for
A．Beautifying the city he lives in.
B．Introducing eco friendly products.
C．Drawing public attention to plastic waste.
D．Reducing garbage on the beach.
2．Why does the author discuss plastic straws in Paragraph 3
A．To show the difficulty of their recycling.
B．To explain why they are useful.
C．To voice his views on modern art.
D．To find a substitute for them.
3．What effect would “Truckload of Plastic” have on viewers
A．Calming. B．Disturbing.
C．Refreshing. D．Challenging.
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．Artists' Opinions on Plastic Safety
B．Media Interest in Contemporary Art
C．Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies
D．Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures
B
2023·全国甲卷 说明文 285词 ★★☆☆☆
I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder's Sophie's World. It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy (哲学).
That love for philosophy lasted until I got to college. Nothing kills the love for philosophy faster than people who think they understand Foucault, Baudrillard, or Confucius better than you — and then try to explain them.
Eric Weiner's The Socrates Express: In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers reawakened my love for philosophy. It is not an explanation, but an invitation to think and experience philosophy.
Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher's work in the context (背景) of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. This, more than a book about understanding philosophy, is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life.
He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor. Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history, and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding (解读) their messages and adding his own interpretation.
The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. The invitation is clear: Weiner wants you to pick up a coffee or tea and sit down with this book. I encourage you to take his offer. It's worth your time, even if time is something we don't have a lot of.
5．Who opened the door to philosophy for the author
A．Foucault. B．Eric Weiner.
C．Jostein Gaarder. D．A college teacher.
6．Why does the author list great philosophers in Paragraph 4
A．To compare Weiner with them.
B．To give examples of great works.
C．To praise their writing skills.
D．To help readers understand Weiner's book.
7．What does the author like about The Socrates Express
A．Its views on history are well presented.
B．Its ideas can be applied to daily life.
C．It includes comments from readers.
D．It leaves an open ending.
8．What does the author think of Weiner's book
A．Objective and plain.
B．Daring and ambitious.
C．Serious and hard to follow.
D．Humorous and straightforward.
Ⅱ.应用文写作
[2023·山东省潍坊市高三期末]假定你是李华，得知在你校交流学习的新西兰朋友Oliver对中国菜很感兴趣。请你给他写封邮件，内容包括：
1．邀请他周日到你家做客；
2．教他做一道中国菜。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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________________________________________________________________________练习47 语法填空＋七选五＋完形填空
Ⅰ.语法填空
2023·石家庄质检 记叙文 190词 ★★★☆☆
Dogs have joined to help students with exam related stress and 1.________(homesick). Five Labradors have been trained 2.________“teaching assistants” to reduce stress and prevent students from 3.________(drop) out of university. The dogs have even been given their own ID badges to ensure they 4.________ (see) as part of the teaching at the university.
Fiona Suthers, head of clinical skills at the Middlesex University, said, “It's hard to describe the impact 5.________ just having a dog lying down in the corner of a class. You can really feel stress levels reducing. It's amazing and we want to continue 6.________ we're doing. ”It came after the university 7.________ (recent) offered students the chances to take a dog for 8.________ walk to deal with stress during the exam season. Last month, Sir Anthony Seldon 9.________ (say)that every school should have a dog or another pet to reduce stress in the classroom. Education secretary Damian Hinds added more schools seem 10.________ (have) wellbeing dogs and that the pets can really help.
Ⅱ.七选五
2023·全国甲卷 说明文 320词 ★★★★☆
Tricks To Becoming A More Patient Person
Here's a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common There's one answer：__1__.
In the Digital Age, we're used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips. However, research suggests that if we practiced patience, we'd be a whole lot better off. Here are several tricks.
·Practice gratitude (感激)
Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic.__2__. “Showing thankfulness can foster self control，” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California.
·Make yourself wait
Instant gratification (满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time, but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run. And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice.__3__. Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. You'll soon find that the more patience you practice, the more you start to apply it to other, more annoying situations.
·__4__.
So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to say to yourself, “__5__.” You'll then gradually become more patient.
A．Find your causes
B．Start with small tasks
C．Accept the uncomfortable
D．All this adds up to a state of hurry
E．It can also help us practice more patience
F．This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable
G．They're all situations where we could use a little extra patience
Ⅲ.完形填空
2023·福建练习卷 记叙文 242词 ★★★☆☆
Jo o Carlos Martins is a famous pianist and conductor. However, his career has been __1__ and his life has taken him in many different __2__ .
As a teenager Martins began to perform in concerts. But in his late twenties, he had to __3__ after badly breaking his arm. It was really a terrible time. He couldn't look at a piano or __4__ listen to music. __5__ he decided to become the manager of a boxer, who won the world championship later. This __6__ Martins to take up the piano and practise much harder. Six years later, he gave his first concert at the Carnegie Hall, which was the most __7__ moment of his life. He performed in concerts for years before he had to quit because of the unbearable __8__ in his hands caused by too much __9__.
Martins, in his forties, became a politician. However, he couldn't stand this __10__， so once again, he went back to the piano. All was going well until something unexpected __11__ while leaving a concert. He __12__ a serious brain injury and lost all the movement in his right hand. Again, with great __13__ he played just with his left hand. Years later he lost the use of the left hand and __14__ himself a conductor. Now, in his late seventies, Martins is still taking __15__ to work and has conducted over a thousand concerts.
1．A.smooth B．tough
C．flexible D．interesting
2．A.cultures B．forms
C．directions D．levels
3．A.give up B．set out
C．turn up D．hold out
4．A.still B．just
C．ever D．even
5．A.Generally B．Ultimately
C．Occasionally D．Naturally
6．A.forced B．promised
C．motivated D．forbade
7．A.realistic B．emotional
C．struggling D．striking
8．A.pain B．cuts
C．tension D．sensitivities
9．A.conducting B．playing
C．instruction D．competition
10．A.career B．popularity
C．condition D．behavior
11．A.existed B．remained
C．occurred D．continued
12．A.found B．suffered
C．cured D．nursed
13．A.patience B．care
C．pleasure D．determination
14．A.fancied B．considered
C．made D．chose
15．A.measures B．chances
C．courage D．trouble
答题策略
语法填空——名词性从句
名词性从句的解题步骤
例题 People were unfamiliar with his product at the beginning; and made many guesses at ________ it was produced.
步骤 ① 分析句子结构判断从句类型：分析可知，在句中作介词at的宾语，为宾语从句
② 分析所填词在从句中的句子成分：从句it was produced为主系表结构，缺少状语，从连接副词when/whenever, where/wherever, how/however, why, because 中选择
③ 结合句意确定连词：人们一开始对他的产品不熟悉，并对它是如何生产出来的做了许多猜测。表示“如何”，应用连词how
答案 how 介词at后边是一个宾语从句，从句中缺少方式状语，结合句意应用how引导。练习10 单句语法填空＋阅读理解
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(形容词和副词)
1．[2023·陕西西安交大附中检测]Yuan Longping had two dreams: to enjoy the cool shade beneath rice plants taller than men and to see hybrid rice grown all over the world to help solve the ________ (globe) food shortage.
2．[2023·重庆调研]The world is ________ (current) trying to get back on its feet after dealing with the influence of the coronavirus pandemic.
3．[2023·安徽淮北一模]The lesson, ________ (main) aimed at young students from all over the world, began with a live broadcast that was from the orbiting China Space Station on Thursday afternoon.
4．[2023·辽宁沈阳质检]All ________ (taste) foods do this, but sugar has a particularly strong effect.
5．They are likely to respond ________ (positive) to the president's request for aid.
6．The girl used to be shy, but is ________ (gradual) getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself.
7．Hope is a good thing, maybe the ________ (good) of things, and no good thing ever dies.
8．I read some chapters from Harry Potter to my bored and ________ (noise) children.
9．The road has seen many traffic accidents. Thus you should be careful when driving along the road, ______ (particular) on rainy days.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
2023·合肥高三质检 应用文 280词 ★★☆☆☆
Robots are known as the future of technology. Robotics technology has just landed in the workplace and there is a lot of work to do. Below we'll discuss some of the best and most advanced robots ever made by humans.
Asimo
The primary focus of the robot is to help people. Asimo travels all around the world, making people aware how robots can make life easier and help humans. It can dance, run and even kick a soccer ball. The robot can communicate with people in three different languages including Japanese, Chinese and English.
Created by：Honda (Japan)
Sophia
It is a realistic example of a perfect robot because it has about 50 different facial expressions just like humans. Sophia is primarily designed for education, research and entertainment. It travels throughout the world explaining to people the importance of robots in human life.
Created by：Hanson Robotics (Hong Kong, China)
Atlas
Its body shape is so dynamic that it can use its all body skills to move quickly and balance itself on diverse terrains (地形). The robot is capable of performing many different tasks but some favourite tasks are running, jumping and turning over. Its advanced AI systems make it capable of sensing barriers and negotiating diverse terrains.
Created by：Boston Dynamics (United States)
Spot
Spot is an animal robot, or say a dog robot, because it looks very similar to a dog. Spot can search around your office, home, playground etc. as a normal dog usually does. Spot has some outstanding functions. For example, it can map your environment, sense barriers, and lift packages.
Created by：Boston Dynamics (United States)
1．Which of the following characterizes Asimo
A．Its high speed.
B．Its facial expressions.
C．Its language ability.
D．Its communication skills.
2．Which robot is created by China
A．Asimo. B．Sophia.
C．Atlas. D．Spot.
3．What do Atlas and Spot have in common
A．They can change their body shapes.
B．They can carry small packages.
C．They can help do some housework.
D．They can detect barriers around.
B
2023·全国乙卷 记叙文 293词 ★★★☆☆
Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape (风景) can be quite a challenge, mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation.
Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways, sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes. To make some of my landscape shots, I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10 minute time frame. I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way.
Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography. I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph. I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment.
One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil's Lake, Wisconsin, to climb the purple quartz (石英) rock around the lake. After we found a crazy looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to photograph the scene at sunset. The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However, we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.
4．How does the author deal with the challenge as a landscape photographer in the Midwest
A．By teaming up with other photographers.
B．By shooting in the countryside or state parks.
C．By studying the geographical conditions.
D．By creating settings in the corn fields.
5．What is the key to successful landscape photography according to the author
A．Proper time management.
B．Good shooting techniques.
C．Adventurous spirit.
D．Distinctive styles.
6．What can we infer from the author's trip with friends to Devil's Lake
A．They went crazy with the purple quartz rock.
B．They felt stressed while waiting for the sunset.
C．They reached the shooting spot later than expected.
D．They had problems with their equipment.
7．How does the author find his photos taken at Devil's Lake
A．Amusing. B．Satisfying.
C．Encouraging. D．Comforting.
黄金考点
语法填空——时态、语态
考点20 根据上下文时态确定时态
考例 True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal ________ (mean) me no real harm. He was just saying: “I'm king of this forest, and here is your reminder！”
点拨 根据上下文语境可知，此处描述的是过去发生的行为，要用一般过去时， 故填meant。
考点21 根据时间状语确定时态
考例 Since 2011, the country ________ (grow) more corn than rice.
点拨 根据时间状语“since 2011”可知，此处要用现在完成时，且主语为the country，故应填has grown。
考点22 根据语意、主谓关系确定语态
考例 The artist was sure he would ________ (choose).
点拨 句意：这位画家确信自己会被选中。空处是谓语动词，与主语he之间是被动关系。且情态动词would后跟动词原形。故填be chosen。练习5 单句语法填空＋七选五＋完形填空
Ⅰ.单句语法填空 (谓语动词Ⅰ)
1．[2023·湖南长沙雅礼中学期中]If you simply agree in arguments and discussions, you ________ (stand) out from the crowd.
2．[2023·江苏海门一诊]Usually the proverb “great minds think alike, but fools seldom differ” ________ (short) to “great minds think alike”．
3．[2023·广东茂名五校联盟联考]“The more the Chinese know Russians and the more Russians know the Chinese, the stronger our relations will be，” ________ (say) former Russian president Dmitry Medvedev in 2010.
4．[2023·四川乐山高中调研]It ________ (report) that 2019 saw more than 60，000 people visit the place.
5．Furthermore, the amount of sleep ________ (change) greatly over the past 15 years.
6．It ________ (grow) into a lifestyle choice of Chinese people using mobile payments throughout their daily activities so far.
7．There ________ (be) several steps before I got that special plastic card.
8．Previously, equipment for space experiments ________ (be) sent via the cargo spacecraft Tianzhou 1.
9．Tom could have finished all the work on his own, but he ________ (refer) to the teacher for help.
10．Unless some extra money ________ (find), the theatre will close.
Ⅱ.七选五
2022·全国甲卷 说明文 229词 ★★☆☆☆
Important Things to Know When Dining Out
Cultural dining etiquette (礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules. __1__. Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family—no matter where you are in the world.
Chopstick Rules
The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you.__2__.
Hands or Utensils (餐具)
In India and the Middle East, it's considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand. __3__， instead preferring to use their hands. In Chile, you may never touch any food with your fingers. People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons.
Making Requests
__4__. In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don't like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food.
Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various countries. __5__， the more comfortable you'll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.
A．The more friends you make in your lifetime
B．The more time you spend in any given country
C．Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils
D．Don't get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E．It's a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate
F．Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them
G．It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal
Ⅲ.完形填空
2023·八省联考 记叙文 285词 ★★☆☆☆
This happened when I was ten. On a normal Sunday, I went to the barber shop where I always went. That day, along with the barber there was an assistant, who had recently __1__ the shop.
So I sat for the haircut. The uncle asked me how __2__ I wanted it. I answered, “Just do as my dad had __3__ you the last time.”
He smiled. Before starting the __4__， he added, “What if I keep it long？”
I __5__ he was joking. So I joked too. I said, “I can't __6__ what would happen to your shop then！”
The moment I said it, the assistant __7__ from behind. “How dare do you say that! Who are you to take us down, eh？”
I admit I was too __8__ at that moment and the uncle standing beside me was giving me an __9__ look.
From that day on, I __10__ stopped joking about anyone's profession and works. It is one of the most __11__ incidents in my life, which taught me to __12__ the profession and works of a person, no matter how __13__ they are.
I'm __14__ that the assistant responded in a way that made me rethink the power of my words. Words do make a __15__.
1．A.left B．opened
C．joined D．visited
2.A.much B．long
C．often D．soon
3．A.instructed B．invited
C．promised D．convinced
4．A.discussion B．journey
C．training D．haircut
5．A.agreed B．heard
C．hoped D．knew
6．A.forget B．tolerate
C．guarantee D．understand
7．A.urged B．shouted
C．laughed D．helped
8．A.angry B．proud
C．scared D．curious
9．A.anxious B．appealing
C．encouraging D．awkward
10．A.suddenly B．completely
C．temporarily D．regularly
11．A.important B．exciting
C．strange D．interesting
12．A.learn B．enter
C．change D．respect
13．A.hard B．small
C．good D．complex
14．A.sorry B．confident
C．grateful D．embarrassed
15．A.difference B．mistake
C．choice D．joke
黄金考点
语法填空——并列连词
考点10 表示并列
考例 In much of Asia, especially the so called “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea, ________________________________________________________________________ Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.
点拨 China, Japan, Korea与Vietnam之间是并列关系，并列连词用and。
考点11 表示转折
考例 Germs, which can't be found with your naked eyes, are everywhere. They are very tiny ________________________________________________________________________ you can still see them with a microscope.
点拨 与前一分句语义上存在转折，故应用并列连词but连接并列句。练习54 语法填空＋阅读理解＋应用文写作
Ⅰ.语法填空
2023·杭州质检 说明文 227词 ★★★☆☆
It's common to see a barista (咖啡师) create coffee art, but it's a whole different ball game doing the same thing with tea. Han Zheming, 1.________ 40 year old Shanghai resident, has managed 2.________ (perfect) the skill, creating tea art in cups, or dian cha (点茶) in Chinese, which used to be a routine during the Song Dynasty (960—1279). Over the past decades, he 3.________ (use) tea and spoons to create nearly 200 patterns 4.________ (base) on ancient paintings.
It's also his intention to bring the old ritual back to modern life and have more people appreciate 5.________ (it) charm. “Dian cha in modern brewing enhances the taste of tea，” Han says. “It is similar 6.________ the foam on top of a cup of coffee，except that it is made of tea rather than milk.”
Chinese tea culture started to enjoy 7.________ (popular) during the Tang Dynasty (618—907) and flourished throughout the Song Dynasty, 8.________ tea had become a necessity for almost everyone, from nobles and scholars to common people, just like other important items, such as rice, oil and salt, as suggested by Song politician and thinker Wang Anshi.
9.________ (total) different from the method of brewing tea during the Tang period, in the Song Dynasty, the popular way of having tea was through dian cha. The action of pouring hot water over fine powdered tea is called dian, hence the name dian cha, which 10.________ (list) as an intangible cultural heritage of Runzhou District, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, in 2019.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
2022·全国乙卷 应用文 276词 ★★★★☆
Henry Raeburn (1756－1823)
The Exhibition
This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland's best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London. Selected from collections throughout the world, it is the first major exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years.
Lecture Series
Scottish National Portrait (肖像画) Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general public.
They are held in the Lecture Room. Admission to lectures is free.
An Introduction to Raeburn Sunday 26 Oct., 15：00 DUNCAN THOMSON Raeburn's English Contemporaries Thursday 30 Oct., 13：10 JUDY EGERTON
Characters and Characterisation in Raeburn's Portraits Thursday 6 Nov., 13：10 NICHOLAS PHILLIPSON Raeburn and Artist's Training in the 18th Century Thursday 13 Nov., 13：10 MARTIN POSTLE
Exhibition Times
Monday Saturday 10.00 17.45 Sunday 12.00 17.45
Last admission to the exhibition: 17.15. There is no re admission.
Closed: 24 26 December and 1 January.
Admission
￡4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.
Schools and Colleges
A special low entrance charge of ￡2 per person is available to all in full time education, up to and including those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers.
1．What is the right time for attending Raeburn's English Contemporaries
A.Sun. 26 Oct. B．Thurs. 30 Oct.
C.Thurs. 6 Nov. D．Thurs. 13 Nov.
2．How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission
A.￡4. B．￡8.
C.￡12. D．￡16.
3．How can full time students get group discounts
A.They should go on Sunday mornings.
B.They should come from art schools.
C.They must be led by teachers.
D.They must have ID cards with them.
B
2023·东北三省质检Ⅱ 说明文 324词 ★★★★☆
SWOT satellite is scheduled to be launched on Thursday morning to conduct a comprehensive survey of Earth's vital__resource. By using advanced microwave radar technology it will collect height surface measurements of oceans, lakes and rivers in high definition detail over 90% of the globe. It's really the first time to observe nearly all water on the planet's surface.
The major mission is to explore how oceans adjust climate change by absorbing atmospheric heat and carbon dioxide in a natural process. Oceans are estimated to have absorbed more than 90% of the extra heat trapped in the Earth's atmosphere by human caused greenhouse gases. SWOT will scan the seas and precisely measure fine differences in surface elevations (高度) around smaller currents and eddies (涡流), where much of the oceans' decrease of heat and carbon is believed to occur. “Studying the mechanism will help climate scientists answer a key question: What the turning point is at which oceans start releasing, rather than absorbing, huge amounts of heat back into the atmosphere and speed up global warming, rather than limiting it，” said Nadya Shiffer, SWOT's program scientist.
By comparison, earlier studies of water bodies relied on data of rivers or oceans taken at specific points, or from satellites that can only track measurements along a one dimensional line, requiring scientists to fill in data gaps through extrapolation (外推法). Thanks to the radar instrument, SWOT can scan through cloud cover and darkness over wide ranges of the Earth. This enables scientists to accurately map their observations in two dimensions regardless of weather or the time of day and to cover large geographic areas far more quickly than was previously possible.
“Rather than giving us a line of elevations, it's giving us a map of elevations, and that's just a total gamechanger，” said Tamlin Pavelsky, SWOT's freshwater science leader.
4．What do the underlined words “vital resource” in the first paragraph refer to
A．Technology. B．Climate.
C．Oceans. D．Water.
5．What is the major mission of SWOT satellite
A．To identify when global warming is worsened.
B．To explore where oceans absorb heat and CO2.
C．To study how oceans influence climate change.
D．To explain why greenhouse gases come into being.
6．What makes it possible for SWOT to measure precisely
A．The high definition computer.
B．Advanced radar technology.
C．The three dimensional image.
D．An accurate map of elevations.
7．Which can be the best title for the text
A．A Solution to Climate Change
B．A Breakthrough in Space Travel
C．The Successful Launch of SWOT Satellite
D．The First Global Water Survey from Space
Ⅲ.应用文写作
[2023·济南市高三模拟]假定你是校学生会主席李华，时值春暖花开，万物复苏，请你围绕“走进春天，锻炼身体”这一主题，在校英文报上发一封倡议书，要点如下：
1．倡议的目的；
2．具体内容；
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Dear friends，
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The Students' Union练习20 七选五＋完形填空＋读后续写
Ⅰ.七选五
2023·石家庄高三质检 说明文 289词 ★★☆☆☆
Too much stuff, too much to do, too much stress...These are weighing people down and breaking their spirit. __1__ Here are several things to help you get started.
The first step is to sort out your possessions. To live a simple life, you need a simple living space. So take some time to tidy your living area. Focus on keeping things that you value deeply and throw away things that you don't need any longer. __2__ Finally, you will be shocked to see how few possessions you actually use in your daily life.
__3__ As humans we tend to think of what we are used to as being naturally right. However, there could be problems in the million little things that bother us as we go about our day. The best skill you can develop in your life is the ability to take a step back and look at things objectively by raising doubts about what is seemingly the way it is supposed to be.
We should always stay mindful and live with intention. If there is something in your life that you don't love, change it! Cut out the things that aren't serving you. You can write down what an ideal day would look like for you in five years' time. Then outline what things you want more in your life and what things you want less. __4__
Managing your time wisely counts. __5__ Instead, take some time to think about whether it's something that you are excited about attending. Be clear how you spend your time and take control of what you do. This is how you can guarantee yourself a flexible schedule and do everything in an unhurried way.
A．Minimalists live intentionally.
B．Complete the process in several sweeps.
C．Don't reply “yes” to everything you're invited to.
D.With that in hand, you have a goal to work towards.
E.From time to time you need to question your lifestyle.
F.That's why there is a growing interest in the minimalist lifestyle.
G．Having a flexible schedule depends on you taking control of things.
Ⅱ.完形填空
2023·武汉高三调研 议论文 248词 ★★☆☆☆
Like most people, I have to work for a living. We have a bank loan, and other __1__ we have to pay. But I certainly don't have a 9～5 __2__. I decided long ago that I could not __3__ fixed working hours for a big company and that I certainly wasn't suitable to __4__ in an office day in and day out. I work __5__ as a writer, garden designer, and sustainability consultant. For many days I work long hours, but I have a lot of __6__ and control over everything. I have found my __7__—what I really want to do.
But I fully appreciate that most people are not in such a __8__ position and some of them have no choice but to __9__ the work they do not like. Therefore, many people feel __10__ in their jobs even when they are not really stuck at all. Finding sustainable solutions and a better quality of life means __11__ long and hard about what you really want to do, and how you can __12__ that goal.
Working for yourself is beneficial on __13__ levels: you save time, you save money, and you can potentially __14__ your carbon footprint. Consider this: Management consultancy firm WSP found working from __15__ can help reduce your carbon footprint in the summer months.
1．A.wages B．rents
C．bills D．fines
2．A.habit B．job
C．workout D．trip
3．A.arrange B．resist
C．avoid D．bear
4．A.arrive B．compete
C．sit D．communicate
5．A.dully B．occasionally
C．cooperatively D．independently
6．A.judgement B．flexibility
C．burden D．doubt
7．A.routine B．style
C．pressure D．passion
8．A.fortunate B．promising
C．profitable D．permanent
9．A.submit to B．leave out
C．make for D．depart from
10．A.interested B．relaxed
C．engaged D．trapped
11．A.complaining B．thinking
C．worrying D．arguing
12．A.reach B．ignore
C．discover D．switch
13．A.special B．multiple
C．high D．spiritual
14．A.decrease B．record
C．calculate D．increase
15．A.nothing B．reality
C．home D．office
Ⅲ.读后续写
[2023·济南市高三模拟]阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The incident took place at Cheektowaga, a town in Erie County, New York, in the middle of a historic and dangerous snowstorm. I had gone out to visit my friend living in another county, but unfortunately, I got stuck and was unable to drive further.
I fully realized how dangerous this would be as there was not enough gas left in the truck for me to get through the deadly snowstorm. The situation got even worse in such a place without any houses in sight.
I stayed in my truck, calling for help anxiously but the weak signal didn't help me get connected. There was nothing I could do but wait. At midnight, there came a knock on the truck. I opened the door and surprisingly found an old lady standing in the storm with just a thin coat, clearly not enough to survive the snowstorm. I invited her to get inside my truck at once. She told me in a weak voice that her name was Mary and her car broke down. She had walked a long way before finding my truck.
Misfortune never came alone. Soon, we realized the air conditioner burned all the fuel in my truck and it was getting colder and colder inside the truck. Mary closed her eyes without saying a word, shaking in the corner. Considering Mary's condition, I decided to take action right now. Luckily, the GPS of my truck still worked. And with the help of GPS, I noticed that a school was nearby. I decided to take shelter in the school. Since Mary was too weak to move, I carried her on my back, heading to the school. After ten minutes' struggle in the snow, we finally arrived, but found the school gate locked.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
I hesitated about what I should do.________________________________________________________________________
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The next morning, a policeman drove by and found the gate broken.________________________________________________________________________
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________________________________________________________________________练习42 语法填空＋阅读理解＋应用文写作
Ⅰ.语法填空
2023·陕西西安调研 说明文 188词 ★★★☆☆
Woodcarving is a branch of carving. It is one of the traditional Chinese art forms with a time honored history. It originated in the Neolithic period, and the 1.________ (begin) of woodcarving accompanied people's everyday life demands. Later, when people had 2.________ ability to use their imagination to express ideas, it became a kind of art. The earliest existing woodcarving 3.________ (dig) out in the 1980s in Hubei Province, which is believed 4.________ (have) a history of over two thousand years. Generally, Chinese woodcarving in ancient times 5.________ (consist) of three major categories: architecture carving, furniture carving and artwork carving.
Woodcarving serves practical purposes and at the same time is 6.________ decorative value. Chairs, tables, shelves, animals, flowers and human figures 7.________ (carve) out of wood are common examples of this form of art. In a poem by Han Yu, 8.________ was an outstanding poet of the Tang Dynasty, he described a wood carved figure vividly.
Chinese woodcarving is appreciated worldwide for its 9.________ (true) detailed structures and the beauty of its themes. Today, many 10.________ (impress) woodcarvings can be seen in private galleries and also in residential areas on both sides of the Yangtze River.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
2023·石家庄市质检 说明文 286词 ★★★☆☆
The Nobel Prize has been awarded to 60 women between 1901 and 2022. These women have made outstanding contributions to the worlds of medicine, science, literature and so on. Here are four of them.
Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin
Award: Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Year: 1964
Dorothy Hodgkin was a British chemist whose interest in research began when, as a child, she received a chemistry book containing experiments with crystals (晶体). She studied at Oxford University and developed protein crystallography, which advanced the development of X rays. This earned her the Nobel Prize.
Gertrude B. Elion
Award: Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Year: 1988
Gertrude Elion won the Nobel Prize for her discoveries of important principles for drug treatment. Elion had watched her grandfather die of cancer, so she decided to fight the disease throughout her life. Elion, together with George Hitchings, with whom she shared the award, created a system for drug production that relies heavily on biochemistry.
Toni Morrison
Award: Nobel Prize in Literature
Year: 1993
Toni Morrison, whose book “Beloved” earned her the Pulitzer Prize and the American Book Award, was the first Black woman to ever receive the Nobel Prize in Literature. Born in Ohio, Morrison was a writer whose works are mostly about life in the Black community. She taught writing and served as an honorary professor at Princeton University.
Esther Duflo
Award: Nobel Prize in Economics
Year: 2019
Esther Duflo shared her prize with her research colleagues Michael Kremer and Abhijit Banerjee. who is her husband. Duflo has spent much of her career at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where she earned her doctorate degree in 1999. Duflo and her partners were awarded the Nobel Prize for their approach to fighting poverty around the world.
1．What won Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin the Nobel Prize
A．Her book about crystals.
B．Her contribution to X ray development.
C．Her research on medicine.
D．Her discovery of a new protein crystal.
2．What do Toni Morrison's books mainly focus on
A.Educational issues.
B．Community service.
C．Writing techniques.
D．Black American's life.
3．What do Gertrude B. Elion and Esther Duflo have in common
A．They won the Nobel Prize in the same year.
B．They devoted themselves to fighting diseases.
C．They shared the Nobel Prize with others.
D．Their life experiences committed them to their fields.
B
2023·新课标Ⅰ卷 说明文 320词 ★★☆☆☆
On March 7，1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren't always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won't cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people's errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.
In a follow up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds This happened some of the time, but it wasn't the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error.
Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision making are enormous.
4．What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
A．The methods of estimation.
B．The underlying logic of the effect.
C．The causes of people's errors.
D．The design of Galton's experiment.
5．Navajas' study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ________．
A．the crowds were relatively small
B．there were occasional underestimates
C．individuals did not communicate
D．estimates were not fully independent
6．What did the follow up study focus on
A．The size of the groups.
B．The dominant members.
C．The discussion process.
D．The individual estimates.
7．What is the author's attitude toward Navajas' studies
A.Unclear. B．Dismissive.
C．Doubtful. D．Approving.
Ⅲ.应用文写作
[2023·福建省高三练习卷]近日，你校英语报拟介绍学生参与社团的情况。请你结合图表信息，以“Our School Clubs”为题写一篇英语短文投稿，内容包括：
1．参与社团的情况；
2．你的看法。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Our School Clubs
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________________________________________________________________________练习50 七选五＋完形填空＋应用文写作
Ⅰ.七选五
2022·全国乙卷 应用文 326词 ★★★☆☆
Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to sustain (保持) long distance friendships.
Set a regular date
Long lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact (联系) and share with one another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. __1__
More isn't always merrier
Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. __2__. There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.
Practise empathy (共情)
__3__. The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned.
__4__
Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long distance friendships. Although technology might make day to day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends' birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.
Don't rely on technology alone
__5__， but long distance friendships—even close ones—may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it Just spend face to face time together whenever possible.
A．Remember important dates
B．Compensate by writing letters
C．It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D．Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E．Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F．It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G．You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
Ⅱ.完形填空
2023·重庆市质调Ⅱ 记叙文 230词 ★★★☆☆
With over 125，000 followers, 34 year old Oliver James is a star in the Book Tok community. And it all started with a simple __1__： Learn to read.
For most of the kids, school is a place where they can develop a relationship with learning in a __2__ environment. For James, the opposite. __3__ with learning and behavior disabilities made him in __4__ education. “The special education system at the time was a lot more __5__ on behavior than educating，” he said.
Reading __6__ carried over into James' adulthood and it significantly __7__ his employment opportunities and affected his self esteem (自尊心). However, when he and his wife decided to __8__ their family to three, James became determined to change things.
Starting his journey with a book of inspirational quotes gifted by his wife, James began reading bits out loud and __9__ them to TikTok. Being a motivational speaker, he would often combine his interests with his heartfelt honesty and personality. __10__ will often send James more books to read in hopes for his book reviews.
But perhaps the biggest __11__ has been the way reading has __12__ James' relationship with his son. In an interview, he shared that they've not only __13__ over books but reading has proven to be a great __14__ for mental health, which has helped James become a better parent. James' new goal is to read 100 new titles by 2024—__15__ for any bookworm in this day and age.
1．A.title B．goal
C．name D．campaign
2．A.safe B．dangerous
C．quiet D．noisy
3．A.Putting up B．Going up
C．Clearing up D．Growing up
4．A.logical B．mental
C．special D．common
5．A.depended B．turned
C．brought D．focused
6．A.struggles B．proposals
C．conflicts D．regrets
7．A.developed B．increased
C．reduced D．damaged
8．A.leave B．occupy
C．expand D．forgive
9．A.commenting B．posting
C．writing D．connecting
10．A.Fans B．Librarians
C．Speakers D．Booksellers
11．A.weakness B．outcome
C．threat D．impact
12．A.ruined B．shaped
C．ended D．saved
13．A.collapsed B．bonded
C．quarreled D．argued
14．A.resource B．barrier
C．preference D．loan
15．A.unrealistic B．greedy
C．ambitious D．influential
Ⅲ.应用文写作
[2023·东北三省五市高三质检Ⅱ]假设你是李华，最近参与了学校举办的“家务活我在行”活动，请你为班级英语角写篇短文介绍这次活动。内容包括：
1．活动目的；
2．活动过程；
3．活动感受。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Housework, I can do it
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答题策略
语法填空——名词
甄别名词的数与格错误
数 ① 可数名词大于一时用复数，不可数名词没有复数形式。易考查的不可数名词：luggage, information, language, furniture, equipment, knowledge, fun, advice等
② 根据名词前的修饰语判断名词的数，如these，lots of, several, many等后面应为复数名词
③ 根据谓语动词的数判断作主语的名词的数：谓语动词或助动词用复数，主语就用复数；谓语动词或助动词用单数，主语就用单数
④ 根据上下文信息判断名词的数：比如上文交代了人数，后文对应的名词的数应该与上文一致
⑤ 根据生活常识判断名词的数：比如一个人的肩膀是一左一右，不特别指明是某一边的肩膀时，shoulder应用复数
格 ⑥ 根据逻辑意义判断名词的格：比如表示“到达朋友家”应为at my friend's练习38 七选五＋完形填空＋应用文写作
Ⅰ.七选五
2023·新课标Ⅱ卷 说明文 330词 ★★☆☆☆
As an artist who shares her journey on social media, I'm often asked by curious followers how to begin an art journey. Unfortunately, there is no magic list I can offer. I do remember, though, what it was like to be a complete beginner. So I've put together some good tips for starting an art journey.
·Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. __1__ You'll want to look back on your journey to see how far you've come.
·Paint often and paint from life. There's no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you paint still lives, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. __2__
·Continually challenge yourself to try something new. __3__ Artistic growth can be a bit painful. Welcome to the club；we've all been there. I love taking on challenges. I once took up a challenge to create a painting every day for a month and post the works online.
·__4__Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability.
The journey you're on won't follow a straight path. __5__ Push through, give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life.
A.Get out of your comfort zone.
B．Make career plans and set goals.
C．Don't throw away your beginner art.
D．Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.
E.You'll hit roadblocks, and you'll feel discouraged at times.
F.Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role.
G.You'll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.
Ⅱ.完形填空
2023·济南市高三模拟 记叙文 226词 ★★★☆☆
When I retired, my wife Peg said, “Great! You'll have time to clean the garage！” After 30 years' __1__ as the director of a radio station, I would finally have more time for housework, but I worried I'd lose the sense of __2__ I had felt in my profession.
I pushed at the garage's wooden doors, but they were as __3__ as I felt in this new stage of my life. I finally got the doors open and started to empty the shelves. Then my hand hit something __4__. It was a common old metal can. I __5__ the cover and found a __6__ envelope with a postmark of May 13, 1940 inside. __7__， I opened it and found some flower seeds in it.“Eighty years old! I wonder if they'll still grow？” I said.
I __8__ the seeds in a plastic pot. I checked it every day, but nothing happened. “I guess they're just too __9__ to grow，” I told Peg in __10__. I picked up the pot to get rid of it, but something made me __11__. I changed my mind and set it aside. Meanwhile, I was keeping __12__， buying some books to improve my photography skills and teaching my granddaughters everything I knew about gardening and dogs.
Six weeks later, I was out in the yard when I __13__ to notice the pot. A new bit of green—a leaf had __14__ . I proudly showed it off to my granddaughters，“Look, girls, even something this old can still __15__ for its purpose and be pretty cool, just like your grandpapa！”
1．A.dream B．belief
C．study D．service
2．A.freedom B．purpose
C．trust D．security
3．A.worn B．stuck
C．broken D．lost
4．A.delicate B．special
C．hard D．sharp
5．A.removed B．washed
C．cleaned D．fastened
6．A.labeled B．selected
C．yellowed D．ruined
7．A.Curiously B．Sincerely
C．Skillfully D．Bravely
8．A.collected B．planted
C．abandoned D．stored
9．A.old B．wet
C．weak D．small
10．A.anger B．surprise
C．regret D．relief
11．A.delay B．reflect
C．hesitate D．disappoint
12．A.upset B．awake
C．social D．busy
13．A.expected B．attempted
C．failed D．happened
14．A.showed up B．fallen off
C．taken off D．dried up
15．A.compete B．grow
C．survive D．relax
Ⅲ.应用文写作
[2023·烟台市高考适应性练习]假定你是李华，计划寒假期间到学校实践基地参加为期一周的劳动实践活动。请给你的留学生朋友Frank写封邮件，邀请他一起参加。内容包括：
1．活动安排和内容；
2．活动的意义。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．信的开头和结尾已为你写好。
Dear Frank，
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Looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
答题策略
语法填空——非谓语动词
非谓语动词之间区分步骤实例(3)
例题 Each year just before Ash Wednesday, excited vacationers and locals flood the streets________ (watch) parades and celebrate.
步骤 ① 找逻辑主语：vacationers and locals发生watch这一动作，vacationers and locals是逻辑主语
② 判断主被动关系：vacationers and locals与watch之间是逻辑上的主动关系
③ 判断时间关系：watch动作发生在谓语动作flood之后，用to watch
答案 to watch 逻辑主语vacationers and locals与watch之间存在逻辑上的主动关系，watch动作在谓语动词flood动作之后发生，故用其不定式形式to watch作状语，表示目的练习1 单句语法填空＋阅读理解1
练习2 单句语法填空＋七选五＋完形填空3
练习3 单句语法填空＋阅读理解5
练习4 单句语法填空＋阅读理解8
练习5 单句语法填空＋七选五＋完形填空11
练习6 单句语法填空＋阅读理解13
练习7 单句语法填空＋阅读理解15
练习8 单句语法填空＋七选五＋完形填空18
练习9 单句语法填空＋阅读理解20
练习10 单句语法填空＋阅读理解23
练习11 七选五＋完形填空＋读后续写25
练习12 阅读理解＋七选五＋应用文写作27
练习13 阅读理解＋读后续写30
练习14 七选五＋完形填空＋应用文写作33
练习15 阅读理解＋应用文写作35
练习16 阅读理解＋读后续写37
练习17 七选五＋完形填空＋应用文写作40
练习18 阅读理解＋读后续写42
练习19 阅读理解＋读后续写45
练习20 七选五＋完形填空＋读后续写48
练习21 语法填空＋阅读理解51
练习22 语法填空＋阅读理解54
练习23 七选五＋完形填空57
练习24 语法填空＋阅读理解＋应用文写作59
练习25 阅读理解＋七选五62
练习26 语法填空＋七选五＋完形填空65
练习27 语法填空＋阅读理解67
练习28 阅读理解＋完形填空69
练习29 语法填空＋七选五＋完形填空72
练习30 阅读理解＋应用文写作74
练习31 语法填空＋阅读理解76
练习32 语法填空＋七选五＋完形填空79
练习33 阅读理解＋读后续写81
练习34 语法填空＋阅读理解84
练习35 七选五＋完形填空＋读后续写87
练习36 语法填空＋阅读理解＋应用文写作90
练习37 语法填空＋阅读理解93
练习38 七选五＋完形填空＋应用文写作95
练习39 语法填空＋阅读理解97
练习40 阅读理解＋读后续写100
练习41 语法填空＋七选五＋完形填空103
练习42 语法填空＋阅读理解＋应用文写作105
练习43 阅读理解＋应用文写作108
练习44 语法填空＋七选五＋完形填空111
练习45 阅读理解＋读后续写113
练习46 语法填空＋阅读理解116
练习47 语法填空＋七选五＋完形填空118
练习48 阅读理解＋七选五＋应用文写作120
练习49 语法填空＋阅读理解123
练习50 七选五＋完形填空＋应用文写作126
练习51 语法填空＋阅读理解128
练习52 语法填空＋阅读理解131
练习53 七选五＋完形填空＋应用文写作133
练习54 语法填空＋阅读理解＋应用文写作135
练习55 阅读理解＋读后续写138
练习56 语法填空＋七选五＋完形填空141
练习57 语法填空＋阅读理解143
练习58 阅读理解＋读后续写145
练习59 语法填空＋七选五＋完形填空148
练习60 阅读理解＋读后续写150
详解答案[单独成册]/(154～207)练习33 阅读理解＋读后续写
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
2023·南京市模拟 记叙文 298词 ★★★☆☆
Does your life ever feel as if you're pushing a heavy car—one on which you've spent much money and that has now broken down You've done everything right: you haven't invested heavily in a new business or quit your job to pursue your childhood dream of becoming a professional athlete. You have been a sensible adult living your sensible life. So why does it feel like such hard work
This has been me for the past few months. Earlier this year, I took a long hard look at my sources of income and decided to focus on the ones that provided the most money. I'm lucky enough to have had a good financial year. But despite doing the right thing, it has used up my energy and I've worked out why.
Years ago, I realized that I disliked hard work. Don't get me wrong. I don't mind working hard, but hard work isn't for me. What's the difference For a start, hard work feels as if it never really gets going. You can push hard work and it might move a little but there's no celebratory moment when it gets done. Most importantly, hard work lacks joy. Working hard on a project you feel excited and moved by can be tiring and difficult, but it's ultimately joyful and that is what I've been missing.
So I asked myself what would feel scary but joyful and this is the answer. I'm going to write a romance. Of course, being a middle aged journalist who suddenly decides to write a book is nothing novel. However, for me, it hits the sweet spot between being joyful enough to make me want to do it and scary enough to make me feel it's worthwhile.
As with all good middle aged changes, this one hasn't really been thought through. I know little about writing fiction and even less about what makes a good book. I have the thinnest ideas for a plot but, for the first time in a while, I'm excited, I will be another Jane Austen with my fantasies which give me life. So now, I have to go and sharpen my pencil.
1．What can best describe the author's current feeling about life
A．A new business makes her feel fresh.
B．She has got everything under her control.
C．She is conflicted about living a sensible life.
D．A childhood dream inspires her to make more efforts.
2．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A．Living a rather sensible life.
B．Identifying income sources.
C．Discovering new life goals.
D．Sorting out the author's jobs.
3．What's the author's understanding of hard work and working hard
A．Journalism is a career worth working hard.
B．Hard work is something either sweet or tiring.
C.Writing a romance is difficult but rewarding.
D．Working hard rarely brings about satisfaction.
4．What is probably the best title for the text
A．Dare to attempt
B．Middle aged job crisis
C．The celebratory moment
D．A future Jane Austen
B
2023·沈阳市质检 说明文 304词 ★★★☆☆
A few days before New Year 1944, Patricia Krueger received a telegram from the U．S. Army. She hoped it would contain a belated birthday greeting from her husband, an army flight engineer, Charles Krueger, whom she had not heard from for 2 weeks. Instead, the message said he wasn't coming home: His B 29 had been lost and he was later declared MIA (missing in action). Their son, John Krueger from Middleton, Wisconsin, is still in tears when he recounts this story.
Decades later, the military continues to work to bring back the remains of soldiers like Charles Krueger. The job of finding them falls to DPAA (Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency), created in 2015 after critics charged that the previous MIA search process was slow, and behind on innovations in science and technology. Between 1973 and 2014, the remains of only 1，849 missing service members were returned to their families; in 2021, the agency accounted for the remains of 141 MIAs, according to DPAA figures.
To accelerate the work, Congress gave DPAA the authority to develop public private partnerships with scientists and groups outside the government. “Teaming up with academic scientists introduces new ways of thinking，” says military historian Michael Dolski. “Working with partners allows us to tap into their technologies and capabilities in ways that we just can't maintain.”
For scientists, the work is more than technically satisfying. “It's the most rewarding aspect of my career，” says Mires, a scientist working with the agency. “In other archaeology sites I've worked on, the history is remote，” he says. “Here, you're doing something not for a thing, but for a person, and all the people they touched.”
5．What was the telegram about in Paragraph 1
A．A New Year dinner.
B．Charles Krueger's disappearance.
C．A birthday greeting.
D．John Krueger's memory.
6．Why did people criticize the previous MIA search process
A．Because DPAA wants to continue the search.
B．Because it took long and lacked creativeness.
C．Because the work was stopped by the military.
D.Because 141 MIAs' remains were found in 2021.
7．What is Michael Dolski's attitude to the cooperation with scientists and groups
A．Patient. B．Critical.
C．Doubtful. D．Approving.
8．What is a suitable title for the text
A．A long search for MIAs
B．Achievements of DPAA
C．Assistance from science
D．Consequences of wars
Ⅱ.读后续写
[2023·南京市·盐城市高三模拟]As I stood in line waiting to cash out at a “pack your own” kind of store, where customers pack their items by themselves, I stared at the customer in front of me reading the magazines. She was young, but she already had a tired look, with her head bent forwards—as if life had beaten her down too many times.
Her face looked pale from extreme tiredness. Her winter coat was thin and unbuttoned. The well worn scarf around her throat probably did little to protect it from the cold weather. Her hands turning a few pages, were rough and red. When I looked down at her boots, I could see a small piece of a clear plastic bag partially visible through a hole in her left boot.
The items in her cart (手推车) included the cheapest cuts of meat and some things like rice and potatoes. There were also lots of noodles. Day old bread, inexpensive soap, and tissues on sale—well, almost. In a far corner sat a little toy and a pretty dress that was 50 percent off.
She continued to look at the magazines as we waited, and more people lined up behind us. She finally took one out and turned it over several times, trying to find a price before finally turning to me.
“I'm sorry to bother you，” she began in a shy and nervous tone. “But can you tell me how much this is I forgot my glasses at home.”
“Of course，” I said with a smile.
When I finally found the small print and told her, she shook her head and put it back.
“They've become so expensive, haven't they？” I said sympathetically.
“Next！” The cashier called in a gentle voice before she could answer, and she moved forward to begin her transaction (交易) .
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
When the woman was told the cost, her face paled.________________________________________________________________________
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I approached the cashier and whispered, “Include her removed items in my bill, please！”
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黄金考点
语法填空——比较级
考点50 形容词比较级
考例 This car is too small. I want a ________ (large) one.
点拨 这辆轿车太小，我想要更大的轿车。有比较意味，故应填larger。
考点51 最高级与比较级
考例 They were also the best and ________ (bad) years in my life.
点拨 并列连词and连接并列结构。有比较范围in my life，所以要用最高级，故应填最高级worst，与best并列。练习57 语法填空＋阅读理解
Ⅰ.语法填空
2023·全国甲卷 说明文 175词 ★★★★★
For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言)1.________ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well known Aesop's fables date to the 2.________ (six) century B．C.Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, 3.________ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”．
Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fables. In fact, her style and tone (口吻) are seemingly directed at children. “There was once a town in the heart of America 4.________ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co existence with its surroundings，” her fable begins, 5.________ (borrow) some familiar words from many age old fables. Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message 6.________ (intend) for everyone.
7．________ (difference) from traditional fables, Carson's story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility 8.________ saving their environment.
The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Carson's theme is a more weighty 9.________ (warn) about environmental destruction. Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still 10.________ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
2023·福建省练习卷 议论文 248词 ★★★★☆
You've heard an old Chinese saying before: Give a man a fish and you feed him for a day; teach a man to fish and you feed him for a lifetime. You may even be nodding your head in agreement right now. However，we can have a different understanding of it.
When a person is starving, that's not the time to fill their head with knowledge but to first give the person a fish—eradicating their hunger—and only then teach them to fish. Far too often, people ignore this common sense first step. They see someone who is struggling, and they rush to offer wisdom. “Let me tell you what I'd do in your position，” a well meaning individual might offer.
But few of us understand the anxiety, confusion and uncertainty that come with overwhelming need. People meeting with personal disasters don't have the ability to think straight. Their nerves may be shot. Their confidence may be non existent. Can you imagine what it would be like to be in that person's situation
Rushing to offer a struggling person long term advice is a waste of time. Instead, it makes far more sense to help them regain their emotional balance. Once their ears, heart and mind open, you'll have an opportunity to teach a new skill.
But how do we know whether a person needs a fish before a fishing lesson Two things: One is the ability to pay attention. We need to know whether the other person is open and receptive, or looking at the world through narrowed eyes. You can't just take their words but have to look at how the person acts and what they don't say. The other is empathy (共情). The more successful you are, the harder it is to imagine what it must be like to be the opposite. Try to create a safe environment for emotional acceptance before the fishing lesson.
1．What is the function of the first paragraph
A．To illustrate a concept.
B．To bring in a new viewpoint.
C．To introduce the background.
D．To put up an example.
2．What does the underlined word “eradicating” mean in Paragraph 2
A．Getting rid of.
B．Paying attention to.
C．Making up for.
D．Putting up with.
3．What should we do first for those in disasters
A．Get them to think straight.
B．Enhance their confidence.
C．Satisfy their primary needs.
D．Teach them a new skill.
4．Which does the author probably agree with according to the last paragraph
A．Live and learn.
B．Never teach a fish to swim.
C．Put yourself in others' shoes.
D．Don't teach an old dog new tricks.
B
2023·广东省模拟Ⅰ 说明文 365词 ★★★★☆
Like any doctor, Jacques Fellay wants to give his patients the best care. Hidden inside our bodies are genetic (基因的) markers that can tell him which patients could probably have diseases such as AIDS and provide early treatments. However, there are worries for Fellay: they contain sensitive details that could lead to embarrassment, discrimination or even worse.
A new kind of encryption, fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) (完全同态加密), is making it possible for data users to run multiple operations on genetic data without seeing the contents. This can help end big data's privacy problems, and Fellay's patients can be some of the first to benefit.
In 1978, the concept of homomorphic encryption (HE) was firstly proposed. According to it, one could encrypt and share data with others, who could analyze and perform calculations on the data with no idea what it means. After getting the data back, the data user could simply arrive at the result using the secret key and it will make total sense.
In 2009, Craig Gentry firstly provided a workable FHE program. Like HE, it rests on a mathematical idea called a homomorphism, which mostly relies on using algebra (代数) to map data from one form to another without changing its underlying structure. However, it supports multiple operations on encrypted data, rather than only one calculation in HE.
Later, Gentry went on to work at IBM, which now has complicated FHE tools to run encrypted data. In the medical field, for example, it detected signs of pneumonia (肺炎) infection by applying FHE to analyze the encrypted CT scans of more than 1，500 people's lungs. In a paper published in October 2021, the team used FHE to collect data from multiple sources and predicted the effect of cancer treatments or the process of HIV infection, as in Fellay's case.
Workable, but still slow: calculations on the FHE encrypted data could take millions of times longer than those on raw data. But, as Goldwasser said, “If you believe that security is not a plus, but it's a must, then in some sense there is no overhead.”
5．What is Fellay concerned about
A．Serious diseases.
B．Sensitive patients.
C．The safety of personal data.
D．The lack of genetic information.
6．In what way is FHE different from HE
A．It speeds up the analyses.
B．It allows more calculations.
C．It prevents direct access to data.
D．It depends on the use of algebra.
7．What is Goldwasser's attitude towards FHE
A．Contradictory. B．Unclear.
C．Favorable. D．Intolerant.
8．What is the main idea of the text
A．FHE protects privacy in the big data era.
B．FHE opens a new world for medical workers.
C．Gentry proposed a new encryption technology.
D．Homomorphic encryption developed over time.练习17 七选五＋完形填空＋应用文写作
Ⅰ.七选五
2023·沈阳高三质检 说明文 293词 ★★★☆☆
Men's sport has for decades benefited from what investors call a “flywheel effect”. Big broadcast and sponsorship deals throw money into the game readily.__1__ That, in turn, generates even more money the next time around.
Women's sport has long suffered the opposite phenomenon. __2__ With few games available, viewers cannot tune in, and few viewers mean little money.
The flywheel may, at last, be starting to turn round. __3__ The first quarter of 2022 saw the highest viewership, up by around 50% in 2019, the last full year before the pandemic. Women's sport is resisting a general trend for people to watch less television. Streaming, meanwhile, offers a way to show games without expensive deals with broadcasters, helping to build fan bases.
__4__ The viewership of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) in America rose by 50% in 2021 compared with 2020. In February, the WNBA felt confident, raising $75 million and valuing itself at $1 billion. The prize pool for this year's Women's Championship is $16 million, doubling the value in 2017.
One big change is that several big rights holders, including FIFA and World Rugby, now sell sponsorship rights for women's events, separately, rather than connecting them with the men's tournaments. __5__
A．Start with viewing figures.
B．Money is starting to follow eyeballs.
C．Many associations fund the women's sports.
D.Some think sponsors get a better deal with women's sport.
E．Broadcasters have unwillingly shown it without being sure that people will watch.
F.That attracts more players and raises the level of play, which helps attract more viewers.
G．That forces buyers and sellers to think about exactly how much such rights might be worth.
Ⅱ.完形填空
2023·南京、盐城高三模拟 记叙文 253词 ★★☆☆☆
Milo is a rescue dog, adopted by 20 year old Makayla Swift. One morning in November 2021, Swift opened her front door and Milo __1__ running.“I couldn't catch him，” she said.
Milo rushed to a house across the street. He seemed __2__ with this house, so he ran to the one next door, Swift on his __3__.
When it started scratching (抓) on the front door, Swift was __4__. Not everyone wants a strange dog on their __5__. But as she tried to __6__ Milo away, she could hear a sound coming through an open upstairs window. It was a voice crying “Help！”
Hours earlier, Sherry Starr, 85, had __7__ around 4 am, for she had heard the front door bell ring. She walked to an upstairs bathroom, opened the window and looked outside. But there was no one there. Starr turned to exit. “All of a sudden, standing there between the toilet and the bathtub, I __8__ ，”she said.“I went down hard on the floor.”“I could not move at all，” said Starr, who was __9__ between the toilet and the bathtub. Starr was feeling __10__ all over, and she was also scared. “I'm thinking that I'm just going to die here，” she said.
Her best __11__， she decided, was to listen for the telltale squeak of her mailbox lid when the letter carrier stopped by in the afternoon and scream at the top of her lungs. For the next few hours, Starr __12__ crying：“Help! Help! Help！”
“Her voice was very __13__，”said Swift. “You had to be right at the front door to hear Mrs. Starr cry for __14__ unless you were Milo, who had __15__ heard Starr the instant I had opened my front door.”Swift called 911 and soon medical staff helped Starr out.
1．A.took off B．showed off
C．came around D．wandered around
2．A.concerned B．unsatisfied
C．impressed D．delighted
3．A.tail B．head
C．feet D．ear
4．A.depressed B．discouraged
C．amused D．embarrassed
5．A.way B．own
C．property D．business
6．A.send B．turn
C．drag D．throw
7．A.calmed down B．lain down
C．given up D．got up
8．A.dived B．wept
C．skipped D．slipped
9．A.deserted B．stuck
C．hidden D．placed
10．A.pain B．ease
C．strength D．anger
11．A.bet B．result
C．role D．guess
12．A.imagined B．regretted
C．practiced D．stopped
13．A.familiar B．clear
C．faint D．different
14．A.freedom B．power
C．peace D．help
15．A.eventually B．apparently
C．randomly D．slightly
Ⅲ.应用文写作
[2023·潍坊市高三期末]假定你是李华，你的英国笔友David来邮件想了解你们学校近期举行万米接力赛的情况。请给他回复邮件，内容包括：
1．比赛目的；
2．时间和地点；
3．过程及意义。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结束语已为你写好。
Dear David，
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Best wishes!
Yours，
Li Hua
黄金考点
语法填空——状语从句
考点25 根据语意和从句中所缺句子成分确定状语从句的连词(1)
考例 ________ he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river.
点拨 此处是一个状语从句。结合句意和两句之间的逻辑关系，应填表示“当……时”的词as或when才符合语境。故填When或As。
考点26 根据语意和从句中所缺句子成分确定状语从句的连词(2)
考例 However, most scientists regard it as nothing more than a legend________ there is a lack of concrete evidence.
点拨 科学家认为这只是一个神话，因为缺少证据。该句前后是因果关系，故填because。练习8 单句语法填空＋七选五＋完形填空
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(非谓语动词Ⅱ)
1．________ (follow) our example, they may start eating vegetables themselves.
2．People with disabilities are now doing many things ________ (improve) the quality of their lives.
3．________ (raise) in the poorest area, he had a long, hard road to become a football star.
4．The heavy metal pollutants can also be recycled, ________ (make) the process even more efficient.
5．The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras ________ (return) to our shop for quality problems.
6．Every year, thousands of visitors come to visit the old temple ________ (date) from the ninth century.
7．Every single American will have the opportunity ________ (realize) his or her fullest potential.
8．________ (sign) up for a digital TV service provides you with access to over 200 channels from all over the globe.
9．It is hard ________ (live) with these two wolves inside me, for both of them try ________ (control) my spirit at the same time.
10．The health service is ________ (locate) in the main building.
Ⅱ.七选五
2023·武汉高三调研 说明文 310词 ★★☆☆☆
With New Year approaching, year end reviews dominate the airwaves. __1__． Lose ten pounds Read a book a month However, I've never given much thought to New Year's resolutions. I make intentions instead. It means setting one's purpose toward a path instead of action toward specific behavior. And more than that, I'm setting them in a framework (体系) that will give them wings.
Set time, not goals
A wise friend once told me “Do not set a result as the goal. Set the time in which you do the things you want to do.” For example, I usually tell myself I should write more. __2__． Then, I realize it would be better to set my intention to write and the time to write, for example, from 8：30 a. m. to 11：30 a. m.
Take advantage of the Premack principle
The Premack principle is a behavioral strategy that states that the presence of high probability behavior can make low probability behavior more likely. __3__． So, now that I've set my intention to write and the time to write, I can link it to high probability behavior, such as dropping my kids off at school in the morning. The point is that it gets the action rolling without much thought or self motivation talk. __4__．
__5__
Let's face it, no matter how much you set an intention, if there's no enjoyment once you start, it will likely fall by the wayside. So, finding a path that you enjoy will bring the same results. In truth, I hate exercising, but, luckily, I walk my dog. A lovely way to exercise, go out in nature, enjoy companionship, and meet people!
A．Face your intention directly
B．One intention, multiple paths
C．Over time, it becomes routine as well
D．But the result proves far from satisfactory
E．Perhaps most are also making New Year's resolutions
F．Resolutions seem to hold people prisoners rather than free them
G．In other words, to enact new behavior, attach it to well established behavior
Ⅲ.完形填空
2023·济南高三检测 记叙文 252词 ★★★☆☆
On the night of the speech contest, I was worried about the shy girl. My heart __1__ when I knew the boy on stage previous to her, __2__， was fairly successful with his humor and personal style. The whole audience burst out a wave of __3__ almost every 30 seconds.
My palms (手掌) began to __4__. It was the first time that she had been on the stage, so I couldn't blame her for any __5__. The strong spotlight made her so insignificant that nobody __6__ she had been on the stage.
But the moment that __7__ me occurred. I clearly heard a __8__ voice, “Now, your __9__， please！” The whole audience fell quiet. Small and thin as the girl appeared, the __10__ look on her face instantly caught everyone's eyes. Then her speech was on, logical and well organized. Words of power __11__ freely out of the girl like magic. When her speech __12__， a thunderous applause sounded from the audience. When the competition was concluding, all of us waited __13__ for the winner's name to be called. Tears of joy __14__ my vision when the host announced she won first prize. Holding the medal tightly, she gave me a brilliant smile. I __15__ her into my arms, too excited to say any words.
1．A.beat B．sank
C．lost D．broke
2．A.sure enough B．worse still
C．above all D．in addition
3．A.crying B．warning
C．clapping D．screaming
4．A.sweat B．tremble
C．change D．turn
5．A.try B．pose
C．guess D．slip
6．A.thought B．admitted
C．ignored D．noticed
7．A.confused B．interested
C．surprised D．challenged
8．A.loud B．weak
C．tight D．low
9．A.support. B．attention
C．vote D．silence
10．A.determined B．puzzled
C．relaxed D．bored
11．A.crowded B．hurried
C．bounced D．flowed
12．A.started B．ended
C．progressed D．rested
13．A.sincerely B．easily
C．wildly D．eagerly
14．A.misted B．hid
C．prevented D．shaded
15．A.pushed B．threw
C．pulled D．lifted
黄金考点
语法填空——副词、形容词
考点14 副词修饰谓语动词
考例 A taste for meat is ________ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.
点拨 修饰作谓语的系表结构，要用副词形式，故填actually。
考点15 副词修饰谓语动词、形容词
考例 As the small boat moved ________ (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.
点拨 句意：当小船顺着江轻轻的移动时，群山在水中的沉默的倒影使他说不出话来。这里空处单词修饰as引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词moved。故填gently。
考点16 形容词作定语、表语
考例 According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total ________ (globe) fertilizer consumption.
点拨 中国占全球肥料消费总量的大约30%。作名词consumption的定语，应用其形容词形式global“全球的，全世界的”。练习55 阅读理解＋读后续写
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
2023·新课标Ⅱ卷 说明文 290词 ★★★★☆
Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists' representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.
In this “book of books，” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate__to．
Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect (才智), wealth or faith of the subject. Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right. More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks—transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.
Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From a 21st century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery powered e reader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off line” activity.
1．Where is the text most probably taken from
A．An introduction to a book.
B．An essay on the art of writing.
C．A guidebook to a museum.
D．A review of modern paintings.
2．What are the selected artworks about
A．Wealth and intellect.
B．Home and school.
C．Books and reading.
D．Work and leisure.
3．What do the underlined words “relate to” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．Understand. B．Paint.
C．Seize. D．Transform.
4．What does the author want to say by mentioning the e reader
A．The printed book is not totally out of date.
B．Technology has changed the way we read.
C．Our lives in the 21st century are networked.
D．People now rarely have the patience to read.
B
2023·济南模拟 说明文 264词 ★★★☆☆
There is nothing quite like enjoying the sights, sounds and culture of a city while tasting a cup of coffee outdoors. But it is not that enjoyable when heat waves sweep the city. An outdoor cooling system produced by Green Kinonko , an Israeli (以色列的) company , began to be tested in Tel Aviv. The sweltering city is a perfect place to try the new technology.
With global warming heating up the temperature, it will soon be too hot to sit outside in cafes. While outdoor cooling systems have existed for a while，most of them use some sort of water or a misting system to cool the air around them, consuming too much water and power. After two years of development, the perfect solution to the problem was found. “We have invented a new generation of air conditioners，” Green Kinonko's CEO Leizer said.
As Leizer introduced, the energy is from the pressure created between liquid nitrogen (氮) and gas nitrogen. When liquid nitrogen at －196 ℃ turns into gas, it produces a very strong pressure and the pressure is used to run a mechanical engine. It is the mechanical engine that slowly releases freezing nitrogen gas to cool down the air around it.
The technology is unique and amazing. Beyond the coolness of the concept，it also has other advantages. The work unit doesn't need to be power driven, and doesn't blow out harmful warm air as it works. As for the potential price, it will probably be no more expensive than any other air conditioner. In addition, the liquid nitrogen container will need to be replaced every seven to ten days, depending on usage. This makes it an affordable option for all sorts of businesses. The cooling system is expected to be on the market in 2024.
5．What does the underlined word “sweltering” in Paragraph 1 mean
A．Warm. B．Dry.
C．Hot. D．Freezing.
6．What problem does the existing outdoor cooling systems have
A．They are wasteful.
B．They overheat easily.
C．They often break down.
D．They are slow to cool the air.
7．What does Paragraph 3 mainly explain
A．What powers the engine.
B．What turns liquid into gas.
C．How the pressure is formed.
D．How the new system works.
8．What is the purpose of this text
A．To promote a company.
B．To settle an energy crisis.
C．To introduce a technology.
D．To market a misting system.
Ⅱ.读后续写
[2022·新高考Ⅰ卷]阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was the day of the big cross country run. Students from seven different primary schools in and around the small town were warming up and walking the route (路线) through thick evergreen forest.
I looked around and finally spotted David, who was standing by himself off to the side by a fence. He was small for ten years old. His usual big toothy smile was absent today. I walked over and asked him why he wasn't with the other children. He hesitated and then said he had decided not to run.
What was wrong He had worked so hard for this event!
I quickly searched the crowd for the school's coach and asked him what had happened. “I was afraid that kids from other schools would laugh at him，” he explained uncomfortably. “I gave him the choice to run or not, and let him decide.”
I bit back my frustration (懊恼). I knew the coach meant well—he thought he was doing the right thing. After making sure that David could run if he wanted, I turned to find him coming towards me, his small body rocking from side to side as he swung his feet forward.
David had a brain disease which prevented him from walking or running like other children, but at school his classmates thought of him as a regular kid. He always participated to the best of his ability in whatever they were doing. That was why none of the children thought it unusual that David had decided to join the cross country team. It just took him longer—that's all. David had not missed a single practice, and although he always finished his run long after the other children, he did always finish. As a special education teacher at the school, I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was proud of his strong determination.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
We sat down next to each other, but David wouldn't look at me.________________________________________________________________________
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I watched as David moved up to the starting line with the other runners.________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
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答题策略
语法填空——非谓语动词的运用
非谓语动词的运用
① 作主语或介词宾语，该用动词 ing，而不用动词原形
② 作定语、状语、补语时，正确运用非谓语动词形式，记熟非谓语动词的各种形式及语法功能是正确做题的关键
③ 在“make＋宾语＋补语”结构中不用不定式符号to；在“ask sb. to do sth.”结构中不能丢掉to或to后错用成doing
④ 留意只接to do或只接动词 ing作宾语的动词或动词短语
⑤ 注意 ed和 ing形式的非谓语动词与其逻辑主语是被动还是主动关系，是正确解题的关键所在
⑥ 非谓语动词主动表被动的几种形式练习59 语法填空＋七选五＋完形填空
Ⅰ.语法填空
2023·云南检测 说明文 188词 ★★★★★
Global Natural History Day (GNHD)—youth science knowledge competition—took place in Shanghai on March 2, 2023, in an effort to provide a platform 1.________ primary and secondary school students to learn more about natural science.
GNHD 2.________ (launch) by Kenneth Behring in 2012 in China. It is an international education programme intended 3.________ (inspire) students' interest in natural history and science and engage them in getting outdoors and exploring their environment. It is based in Shanghai, 4.________ world famous economic and financial center. 5.________ (support) by the local museums and natural science organizations, these science knowledge competitions have been 6.________ (continuous) held for 12 years, attracting 60，000 teams 7.________ involving millions of students and teachers. In this programme, students develop problem solving abilities, deepen cross cultural understanding, and explore 8.________ the future state of the natural world will be like.
In the past decade, GNHD 9.________ (add) popular science painting, story broadcasting and science exhibition to further arouse students' interest in natural science learning. At this year's event, a new “Global Nature Day Cyber Space” platform promoting educational equity (公正) and equality was also started.
This year's GNHD returned to its offline mode. Under 2023's main theme “Seeing small things—Nature's small perspective and big vision”， natural science talent from around the world presented his or her 10.________ (achieve) in exhibitions, science paintings and storytelling.
Ⅱ.七选五
2023·杭州质检 说明文 277词 ★★★★☆
We all know that leading a healthy lifestyle is essential, but sometimes it's hard to stick to good habits. If you're looking to make some changes and improve your health, this blog post is for you! __1__
Get moving
It's no secret that exercise is good for you. Not only does it help to improve your overall health, but it can also boost your mood and increase your energy levels. __2__ This could include going for a brisk walk, riding your bike, or taking a fitness class. There's no need to go all out. Even moderate activity around your house, such as working in your garden, can benefit significantly.
Reduce or get rid of sugar
Sugar can cause inflammation (发炎) and worsen existing health conditions like diabetes and heart disease. __3__ When you cut sugar out of your diet, you'll likely notice an improvement in your energy levels, mental clarity, and overall sense of well being. You may even drop a few pounds.
Drink more water
Your body comprises about 60% water. It helps flush toxins out of your body, carry nutrients to your cells, and keep your skin healthy. It helps improve your mood and energy levels and helps you lose weight. __4__ Also, it may surprise you how much better you feel.
Get enough sleep
A good night's sleep is one of the best things you can do for your health and wellness. When you sleep enough, your body has adequate time to recharge and heal from the day's activities, which also helps to improve focus and concentration, and help boost your mood. __5__
A．It can also lead to weight gain and make you feel exhausted.
B．You may have heard the advice to drink eight glasses of water a day.
C．These tips can help you get the restful sleep you need to feel your best.
D．Here are some simple tips that can help you turn things around within 30 days.
E．So next time you're feeling tired, reach for a glass of water instead of a cup of coffee.
F．One way to make exercising easier is to set a daily goal of 30 minutes of physical activity.
G．However, when you don't get enough rest, you're more likely to have trouble concentrating.
Ⅲ.完形填空
2023·东北三省质检 记叙文 262词 ★★★☆☆
Making a family
For years, Dad had avoided raising a dog. Whenever the __1__ came up, Dad said, “Dogs are a pain. I don't want to be __2__.” Despite his opposition, Mom brought a puppy named Chip that transformed us all.
Instead of being a self absorbed teenager, I began to __3__ someone else. I had promised that if we got a dog, I'd be __4__， and I was. I fed and walked him every day. Chip taught me about __5__ and consequences. I learned that it is rewarding to take care of others. And this __6__ stayed with me as I grew.
Mom was always __7__ to have someone just sit and listen, but our busy family didn't sit still for that. Chip would sit with Mom, __8__ his head at times and looking into Mom's eyes.
The biggest __9__ was from Dad. Dad was the first to allow him to sit on the sofa. He even made toys for him. Chip __10__ Dad's heart.
Chip united us. After dinner, we'd review __11__ tricks or teach him new ones. We'd __12__ funny stories of the cute things he had done that day. The important thing was that we'd do these together as a __13__.
People sometimes __14__ that pet lovers treat their pets too much like humans. It isn't that they are abandoning humanity; rather, their pets stimulate the __15__ of their humanity.
1．A.topic B．news
C．question D．doubt
2．A.replaced B．defeated
C．bothered D．monitored
3．A.rely on B．run after
C．play with D．care for
4．A.sensible B．responsible
C．ambitious D．generous
5．A.actions B．words
C．effects D．costs
6．A.routine B．lesson
C．habit D．hobby
7．A.dying B．unwilling
C．disappointed D．annoyed
8．A.nodding B．lowering
C．hanging D．raising
9．A.change B．challenge
C．problem D．threat
10．A.protected B．followed
C．softened D．hardened
11．A.previous B．complex
C．simple D．basic
12．A.create B．cover
C．share D．read
13．A.committee B．family
C．company D．group
14．A.hope B．approve
C．explain D．complain
15．A.darkness B．weakness
C．future D．beauty
答题策略
语法填空——比较级
常见的比较级应用
① 参照比较级标志词than，应用比较级
② 有介词of/in短语表示比较范围的，或是有定语从句限定表示比较范围的，应用最高级。但注意He is the better of the two的固定表达形式。
③ as... as之间用原级练习1 单句语法填空＋阅读理解
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(冠词)
1．[2023·江苏连云港联考]It is said that firewalls play ________ critical role in keeping companies and people safe.
2．[2023·云南昆明统测]A miniature black horse with ________ white nose ran into a room in Nashville's Monroe Carell, Jr. Children's Hospital.
3．[2023·福建泉州质检]That way, children can gain ________ better understanding of their local features and customs during the process of accelerated urbanization that is reshaping the city's landscape.
4．Montreal, ________ port city in the province of Quebec, is the second largest city in Canada.
5．It means we make sacrifices now, but in ________ long run it'll save us a lot of money.
6．Here is ________ very person we are looking for, one with ________ good knowledge of German.
7．It is such ________ great pleasure for me to give a speech on the nature of human beings before ________ whole class.
8．With the popularity of the Internet, the power of newspapers seems to be on ________ decrease.
9．If you want to improve your working efficiency, it will be ________ necessity for you to make ________ most of your time.
10．________ cake you bought smells sweet, but I don't want to have a bite of it for ________ time being.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
2023·新课标Ⅰ卷 应用文 270词 ★★☆☆☆
Bike Rental & Guided Tours
Welcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam.
Why MacBike
MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2，500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children's bikes.
Prices
Hand Brake, Three Gears Foot Brake, No Gears
1 hour 7.50 5.00
3 hours 11.00 7.50
1 day (24 hours) 14.75 9.75
Each additional day 8.00 6.00
Guided City Tours
The 2.5 hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1：00 pm every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online.
1．What is an advantage of MacBike
A.It gives children a discount.
B.It offers many types of bikes.
C.It organizes free cycle tours.
D.It has over 2，500 rental shops.
2．How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days
A.15.75. B．19.50.
C.22.75. D．29.50.
3．Where does the guided city tour start
A.The Gooyer Windmill.
B.The Skinny Bridge.
C.Heineken Brewery.
D.Dam Square.
B
2023·石家庄高平质检 记叙文 320词 ★★☆☆☆
Throughout all the events in my life, one in particular sticks out more than the others. As I reflect on this significant event, a smile spreads across my face. As I think of Shanda, I feel loved and grateful.
It was my twelfth year of dancing. I thought it would end up like any other year: stuck in emptiness, forgotten and without the belief of any teacher or friend that I really had the potential to achieve greatness.
However, I met Shanda, a young, talented choreographer (编舞者). She influenced me to work to the best of my ability, pushed me to keep going when I wanted to give up, encouraged me and showed me the real importance of dancing. Throughout our hard work, not only did my ability to dance grow, but my friendship with Shanda grew as well.
With the end of the year came our show time. As I went backstage, I hoped for a good performance that would prove my improvement. I waited anxiously for my turn. Finally, after what seemed like days, the loudspeaker announced my name. Butterflies filled my stomach as I took trembling steps onto the big lighted stage. But, with the determination to succeed and eagerness to live up to Shanda's expectations for me, I began to dance. All my troubles and nerves went away as I danced my whole heart out.
As I walked up to the judge to receive my shining, gold trophy (奖杯), I realized that dance is not about becoming the best. It was about loving dance for dance itself, a getaway from all my problems in the world. Shanda showed me that you could let everything go and just dance what you feel at that moment. After all the doubts that people had in me, I believed in myself and did not care what others thought. Thanks to Shanda, dance became more than a love of mine, but a passion.
4．What did the author think her dancing would be for the twelfth year
A．A change for the better.
B．A disappointment as before.
C．Proof of her potential.
D．Pride of her teachers and friends.
5．How did Shanda help the author
A．By offering her financial help.
B．By entering her in a competition.
C．By coaching her for longer hours.
D．By awakening her passion for dancing.
6．How did the author feel when she stepped on the stage
A．Proud. B．Nervous.
C．Scared. D．Relieved.
7．What can we learn from the author's story
A．Success lies in patience.
B．Fame is a great thirst of the young.
C．A good teacher matters.
D．A youth is to be treated with respect.
黄金考点
语法填空——冠词
考点1 冠词表示特指
考例 Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ________ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
点拨 over the past 25 years在此处表示特指“在过去的25年里”，表示特指用定冠词the。
考点2 冠词表示泛指
考例 Instead, she is earning ￡6，500 a day as ________ model in New York.
点拨 表示职业的单数可数名词前通常加不定冠词。此处表示一个泛指的“模特”，故用不定冠词a。练习12 阅读理解＋七选五＋应用文写作
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
2023·四川高三质检 说明文 320词 ★★★☆☆
For years, David James, who studies insects at Washington State University, had wanted to examine the migration (迁徙) patterns of West Coast monarch butterflies (黑脉金斑蝶). The route the butterflies travel has been hardly known because the populations are too small to follow. For every 200 monarch butterflies tagged (打标签) by a researcher, only one is usually recovered at the end of its trip, James says, and finding even 200 in the wild to tag is unlikely. Knowing the route is vital to conservation efforts, but James had no way to figure it out—until he got a phone call from Washington State Penitentiary in Walla Walla.
The prison was looking for new activities to improve the mental health of those serving long term sentences. So James began working with prisoners to raise monarch butterflies through the whole process of their transformation. The adult insects were then tagged and released from the prison. Over five years, nearly 10，000 monarch butterflies flew from the facility. Elsewhere in Washington, Oregon and Idaho, researchers released another few thousand.
The tags included email addresses, and soon after the first butterflies took off, James started receiving messages from people who had spotted them. The butterflies, the reports confirmed, wintered in coastal California. Twelve of them landed at Lighthouse Field State Beach in Santa Cruz. Several more headed to Bolinas and Morro Bay.
The work helps researchers identify ideal places to plant milkweed and other vegetation that are important to the life cycle of West Coast monarch butterflies. It also brought out the gentler side of some of the prisoners. “They were very worried that they were going to harm the butterflies，” James says. Watching the monarch butterfly change their form also touched the men. “This butterfly changed，” James recalls prisoners telling him, “and maybe we can too.”
1．What was hard for David to do in his study
A．Gain financial support.
B．Hire qualified workers.
C．Build a new laboratory.
D．Find enough monarch butterflies.
2．Why were the butterflies tagged before being released
A．To guarantee their safety.
B．To enable them to fly longer distances.
C．To track their travel routes.
D．To distinguish them from other species.
3．What makes the prisoners feel that they can change
A．The patience the butterflies showed.
B．The hardship the butterflies underwent.
C．The transformation of the butterflies.
D．The devotion of James to the butterflies.
4．What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．The impact of the research.
B．The findings of James' study.
C．The release of the prisoners.
D．The life cycle of the butterflies.
B
2023·石家庄高三质检 说明文 340词 ★★★☆☆
Foods high in sugar are unhealthy, but these additives are too delicious for many of us to give up or reduce in a way. What if we could somehow enjoy their taste without actually eating them A student team has now designed a spoon with a structure that stimulates taste buds (味蕾) to produce a sense of sweetness without adding calories or chemicals. The project follows previous work involving flavor enhancing cutlery like chopsticks that increase sweetness with a mild electric current.
The five undergraduate and graduate research students wanted to create a new spoon called Sugarware for people with such disorders as diabetes, with which sugar is largely off their menu.
The new spoon would have several bumps (凸块) on its underside to press against the tongue. The bumps can be covered with a permanent layer of molecules (分子) called ligands. These ligands bond with taste cell receptor proteins that typically react to sugar molecules or artificial sweeteners. The bond can activate nerve signals, causing the brain to register a sense of sweetness. A diner could thus stimulate sweetness receptors without actual intake of sugar or artificial sweeteners.
This idea is similar to the previous work in that they all use cutlery to enhance taste without a user having to actually consume any sugar. “But the mechanism for stimulating the taste buds is completely different，” Shiyu Xu, one of the student researchers, says. “It uses bumps and taste bud stimulating molecules rather than electricity.”
The idea is “very creative，” says Paola Almeida, who is the global director of corporate innovation at candy maker Mars. But the product's commercial success would require a significant behavioral shift among consumers: instead of adding the usual sugar or artificial sweeteners, “now we're saying, ‘Use this cutlery’，” Almeida says. “It remains to be seen whether flavor enhancing cutlery will catch on.”
5．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A．How the new invention works.
B．How a diner feel sweetness.
C．How ligands and proteins link.
D．How sugar molecules function.
6．In what way is the previous flavor enhancing cutlery different from Sugarware
A．It makes food more delicious.
B．It sends out signals to the brain.
C．It uses electricity to enhance taste.
D．It reduces users'food consumption.
7．What is Paola Almeida's attitude to the future of Sugarware
A．Positive. B．Uncertain.
C．Critical. D．Worried.
8．What's the best title for the text
A．Struggling for Low Sugar？—Try This Spoon
B．Looking for Delicious Food？—This Is How
C．Working for Commercial Success？—Be Creative
D.Dieting for Better Health？—Mind Sweeteners
Ⅱ.七选五
2023·福建省高三质检 说明文 340词 ★★★☆☆
Science fiction television has done a lot to shape how we view the meals of the future, from an evening dinner in pill form to machines giving us any meal we desire, on demand. __1__ However, while these ideas for food creation are more than fifty years old, the way we produce and consume food has not changed very much. Even though there is enough food available today to feed the world, more than 870 million people do not have enough to eat. __2__
With the global population expected to grow to more than nine billion by 2050, demand for food will only increase. No pills or machines have solved our food problems yet.
However, agricultural science has been responsible for saving huge numbers of lives. Science and technology helped us out of starvation during the 1960s and 1970s when the world's population exploded. __3__ The result of this panic was the “green revolution”， which saw the introduction to farming of high production grains, improved irrigation systems and hybrid seeds, saving over one billion people from starvation.
__4__ Having enough food is only the first step. There are complications with natural disasters, conflict, poverty and environmental problems. All these can mean that the food supply is put at risk. __5__ Many people are concerned about “playing around with nature”， adjusting how food looks and tastes and smells, and other human interference (干预), all of which are widespread.
Anyhow, the world has not been completely saved from starvation, but we are on the way to getting there.
A．Agricultural science was quite a success.
B．There are many complexities when dealing with food.
C.Modern science and technology of food contributes a lot.
D.Nobody would ever starve if food were this easy to obtain.
E．And it is unbelievable that hunger kills more people than disease does.
F．Then there are the issues we face when it comes to food experimentation.
G．At that time scientists were genuinely worried that we would run out of food.
Ⅲ.应用文写作
2023·沈阳市高三质检 说明文 340词 ★★★☆☆
你校将以“节约粮食，减少浪费”为主题举办英语征文比赛，请你写一篇短文投稿。内容包括：
1．浪费粮食的现象；
2．节约粮食的做法；
3．节约粮食的倡议。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Say NO to Food Waste
________________________________________________________________________
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________________________________________________________________________练习32 语法填空＋七选五＋完形填空
Ⅰ.语法填空
2023·济南市检测 说明文 190词 ★★★☆☆
Today, giant pandas are considered to be one of the world's best known animals. People make huge efforts 1.________ (protect) them and luckily their efforts are paying off in some areas. 2.________ (global) recognized as a leading symbol of both China and nature conservation in general, giant pandas are popular in the world. But global interest in the animal only 3.________ (take) off in the 20th century.
The inspiration for WWF's logo (标识) came from Chi Chi, 4.________ giant panda that was living at London Zoo in 1961 when WWF was founded. Being aware of the need for a remarkable symbol to break through all language barriers, one of WWF's 5.________ (founder) agreed to make the big furry panda with her distinctive black and white coat a great logo. The first pieces 6.________ were done by the British environmentalist and artist Gerald Watterson became modestly successful. Later, 7.________ (base) on these drafts, Sir Peter Scott, drew the first logo. He said at the time, “We want an animal that is beautiful and endangered, and is loved for its 8.________ (attract) qualities. We also want an animal that is black and white to cut printing costs. To our relief, we make 9.________ eventually.”
The panda has ever since become a symbol not just for WWF, 10.________ for the conservation movement as well.
Ⅱ.七选五
2023·深圳市调研 说明文 303词 ★★★☆☆
For people who are planning a trip, a visit to a museum might not be the first thing they think of. After all, there are plenty of ways to appreciate the world's civilization, gain exciting experiences and spend quality time with family and friends.1.________
Museums are where people learn something new, at every age! Are you interested in something specific 2.________ There, you will find yourself drawn in and inspired! Museums are a fantastic place to learn about a region's history, scientific achievements, major cultural events, and of course, dinosaurs. They also design exhibitions related to visual arts, industrial innovations and anything that inspires an individual to learn about the past and create new paths to the future.
3．________ They will surely be an exciting part of the educational experience with the main purpose to expose children to knowledge of various fields and expand their horizons. To achieve that, museums are working to create meaningful and engaging activities, interactive and knowledge based.
Museums support tourism. They are tourism promoters in small towns and large cities. Museums aren't a burden on tax revenue (税收) or a separate concern from other city projects. 4.________ Statistics show that museums support more than 726，000 jobs in America.
Museums shape communities. They have activities and exhibitions through which visitors can learn about local history. Museums are places where a shared heritage is celebrated and a collective identity is formed. They provide an interesting public space where people meet and talk to each other.5.________
A．Museums bring out the best qualities in children.
B.Museums often deliver kids centered exhibitions.
C.Instead, they generate funding and fuel employment.
D.Then, visit a local museum to learn about that subject.
E.Even shopping at the gift shop there is an opportunity for connections.
F．On the contrary, they consume a small percentage of city funds annually.
G．The fact, however, is that museums offer magical benefits in many ways.
Ⅲ.完形填空
2023·四省高考测试 记叙文 274词 ★★★☆☆
Dr. Smith of New York works at a center for children who can't learn well. One day a father brought his son to him for __1__ at his office.
The father told Dr. Smith about his son, “My son has __2__ in learning and can't even play baseball. He isn't doing well because he doesn't try. I have done everything for him. I have even shouted at him. But nothing __3__.”
After Dr. Smith tested the boy, he __4__ his father. He asked the father to sit in front of a __5__ and then gave him a pencil and a piece of paper. There was a __6__ on the paper. He asked the father to look only in the mirror and __7__ the lines of the star with the pencil. The father made the same __8__ anyone made. Every time he __9__ the pencil, it went the wrong way. The father's face became red.
At this __10__ the doctor shouted at him, “Hurry up! Why are you __11__ so long You can't do such an __12__ thing! You don't know left from right！” These __13__ made the father very angry.
“Now you can __14__， can't you？” the doctor said to him. “Your son has felt just like that all the time. You scolded (训斥) him too often, so he didn't try any more. He was afraid of making mistakes.”__15__ the father understood everything. He put his face down. Now he felt so sorry.
1．A.testing B．acting
C．teaching D．playing
2．A.confidence B．interest
C．experience D．difficulty
3．A.returns B．helps
C．appears D．remains
4．A.waited for B．searched for
C．believed in D．called in
5．A.mirror B．television
C．painting D．desk
6．A.face B．line
C．number D．star
7．A.remove B．follow
C．cross D．cut
8．A.decisions B．choices
C．mistakes D．patterns
9．A.touched B．dropped
C．moved D．sharpened
10．A.speed B．corner
C．end D．point
11．A.staying B．taking
C．preparing D．writing
12．A.easy B．important
C．obvious D．exciting
13．A.ideas B．words
C．questions D．instructions
14．A.relax B．leave
C．understand D．promise
15．A.Interestingly B．Absolutely
C．Suddenly D．Unfortunately
黄金考点
语法填空——词义辨析
考点47 other与another的区别与应用
考例 The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and ________ animals.
点拨 表示“其他的动物”，用other修饰animals, 故应填other。
考点48 late，later和latest的区别与运用
考例 I was so nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left. A few minutes ________ (late), the instructor asked me to stop the car.
点拨 句意表示“几分钟过后”，故应填later。
考点49 besides与beside的区别
考例 They have also bought some gardening tools. ________， they often get some useful information from the Internet.
点拨 besides意为“此外，而且”；beside是介词，意为“在……旁边”， 应填Besides。练习4 单句语法填空＋阅读理解
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(定语从句和状语从句)
1．The meeting will be put off till next week, a time ________ most of our clients will have been back from abroad.
2．[2023·湖南长郡中学检测]The reason ________ he was late for work was ________ he missed the bus by one minute this morning.
3．[2023·河北深州中学期末]With a total length of 4，000 meters and a width of 75 meters, one of its runways is a 4F runway—the highest level in the international aviation industry, ________ large civil aircraft like an Airbus A380 can take off and land.
4．Whenever I read the old letters, ________ was fairly often, sweet memories warmed my heart.
5．With a loving character, Tom is such a kind and helpful person ________ we cannot praise too much.
6．It is the family photo hung on the wall that always reminds me that family is the place ________ I should try my best to take care of.
7．As far as I am concerned，youth is a period ________ we should study hard and make ourselves well prepared for the future.
8．Young ________ she is, she has traveled to many countries to put on shows.
9．The young couple, who returned my lost wallet, left ________ I could ask for their names.
10．To such a degree was he excited ________ he couldn't sleep last night.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
2023·新课标Ⅰ卷 记叙文 320词 ★★★☆☆
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌) Which kinds of fish can eat cancer causing chemicals With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1，600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor，” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self repair.”
1．What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs
A．He was fond of traveling.
B．He enjoyed being alone.
C．He had an inquiring mind.
D．He longed to be a doctor.
2．Why did John put the sludge into the tanks
A．To feed the animals.
B．To build an ecosystem.
C．To protect the plants.
D．To test the eco machine.
3．What is the author's purpose in mentioning Fuzhou
A．To review John's research plans.
B．To show an application of John's idea.
C．To compare John's different jobs.
D．To erase doubts about John's invention.
4．What is the basis for John's work
A．Nature can repair itself.
B．Organisms need water to survive.
C．Life on Earth is diverse.
D．Most tiny creatures live in groups.
B
2022·全国甲卷 说明文 246词 ★★☆☆☆
Goffin's cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape recognition abilities to a human two year old. Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it. The clear front of the box had a “keyhole” in a geometric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting the correct “key” would let out the nut.
In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. This ability to recognize that a shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an “allocentric frame of reference”. In the experiment, Goffin's cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job, in most cases, by visual recognition alone. Where trial and error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Goffin's cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in space, similar to two year old babies.
The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues (线索), or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.
5．How did the cockatoos get the nut from the box in the experiment
A．By following instructions.
B．By using a tool.
C．By turning the box around.
D．By removing the lid.
6．Which task can human one year olds most likely complete according to the text
A．Using a key to unlock a door.
B．Telling parrots from other birds.
C．Putting a ball into a round hole.
D．Grouping toys of different shapes.
7．What does the follow up test aim to find out about the cockatoos
A．How far they are able to see.
B．How they track moving objects.
C．Whether they are smarter than monkeys.
D．Whether they use a sense of touch in the test.
8．Which can be a suitable title for the text
A．Cockatoos：Quick Error Checkers
B．Cockatoos：Independent Learners
C．Cockatoos：Clever Signal Readers
D．Cockatoos：Skilful Shape Sorters
黄金考点
语法填空——介词
考点8 介词的基本用法
考例 The far side of the moon is of particular interest to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so ________ the familiar near side.
点拨 考查介词。根据设空处前的more可知，设空处应填介词than。
考点9 介词用于固定短语
考例 Bamboo plants are associated ________ health, abundance and a happy home.
点拨 句意：竹子与健康、富足和幸福家庭联系在一起。be associated with为固定短语，故填with。练习40 阅读理解＋读后续写
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
2023·济南市高三检测 说明文 258词 ★★★☆☆
The AIDA model is the foundation of modern marketing and advertising practice. It outlines the four basic steps used to persuade potentials to make a purchase. The first three steps lie in creating attention (A), decorating interest (I), and building desire (D) for the product, before the fourth step—the “call to action” (A)—tells them exactly how and where to buy. AIDA can channel the customer's feelings through each stage toward reaching a sale.
Attracting the customer's attention is the first challenge and this may be achieved by using an attracting phrase or picture. Once someone's attention has been clutched,__it must be turned into real interest. This is best done by providing a brief description of the product's benefits to the consumer rather than simply listing the product's main features or problem solving claims.
Now, it is time to transform that interest into a desire for a product or service. This is where consumers need to believe their lives could be better by possessing the product. It could be a vital step towards turning a potential into a real customer.
“Call to action” is where all of the initial hard work pays off and leads to the action from a potential customer. For example, they might pick up the phone to discuss the idea of a trial of the services or, alternatively, they may just buy that product or service that has been promoted to them all along.
And AIDA is used to great effect in the movie industry. Movie studios begin their marketing campaigns months in advance. The campaigns develop by offering attractive flashes of the movie without giving too much away. Desire is inspired by the release of the full preview which is fully designed to show the exciting moments of the movie, from special effects to humorous lines of dialogue on the opening weekend. Advertisements in newspapers and on television focus on the movie's release, inviting the consumer to go and buy a ticket.
1．What is the purpose of practising AIDA
A．To create jobs.
B．To increase sales.
C．To research markets.
D．To introduce products.
2．What does the underlined word “clutched” mean in Paragraph 2
A．Seized. B．Freed.
C．Cheated. D．Affected.
3．In which stage of the AIDA model may a customer call to try the service
A．Action. B．Interest.
C．Desire. D．Attention.
4．Why does the author mention the movie industry in the last paragraph
A．To design an AIDA model.
B．To display how AIDA works.
C．To show how to make a movie.
D．To advertise the movie industry.
B
2023·济南市高三检测 议论文 349词 ★★★☆☆
According to a study done by University of Michigan, shopping to reduce stress was 40 times more effective at giving people a sense of control and shoppers were three times less sad than those only looking at items.
More than half of the 1，000 consumers surveyed by Credit Karma, head researcher of the study, said they have shopped to deal with feelings of stress or depression. About 48 percent of men and 31 percent of women who have stress shopping said they had purchased alcohol when stressed. About 82 percent of women spend on clothing compared to 52 percent of men. Women also lead shopping for jewellery, 42 percent, compared to 22 percent for men.
In some sense, stress shopping can actually help you live a healthier life by making sure that your blood pressure is lowered. The survey found 82 percent had only positive feelings about their purchases and that the positive mood was long lasting. However, stress shopping, for many, could grow into a drive that uses up money, causes conflict, and therefore adds great stress to life.
Despite the in time joy from purchases, stress shopping never proves a long lasting cure to stress or depression. Actually it needs to be avoided anyhow. Whether you're purchasing presents or buying groceries, having the items you need written down will provide you with brightness while shopping. Reward yourself for sticking to your list and you'll be more likely to commit to it.
In addition always think about what you struggle with most financially. Do you spend too much money at the mall Eating out Vacations Make a list of where your money is going and take necessary steps to resist your desire. For example, if you spend too much money on dining out on weekends, stuff your cupboard with food on Friday. So you'll be more likely to stay in and cook. And you need to give up the need to keep up with others. Everyone's financial situation is different and comparison may lead to debt and dissatisfaction with what you already have.
5．Why does the author mention those numbers in Paragraph 2
A．To support an idea.
B．To attract readers.
C．To call for actions.
D．To introduce a topic.
6．Which of the following may help deal with stress shopping
A．Stimulating desires.
B．Recording spending.
C．Turning to medicines.
D．Comparing with others.
7．What is the author's attitude to stress shopping
A．Unclear. B．Doubtful.
C．Objective. D．Negative.
8．What is a suitable title for the text
A．Does shopping benefit us
B．More stressed, women or men
C．Should we compare with others
D．Can stress shopping reduce stress
Ⅱ.读后续写
[2023·武汉市高三调研]阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Amanda lived in a big modern city. Due to the high speed development of the economy, families from different backgrounds came here to find a better life. Amanda's classmate and friend, Rama, was from one of those families.
One day after school, Amanda and Rama were chatting and Rama mentioned how much she missed her friends and hometown. “It is hard to leave，” Rama sighed, “but my family needed to be in places where it is easier for us to make a living.” Holding Rama's hands, Amanda encouraged her to share more and she knew Rama loved to sing and dance with her friends back in her hometown.
After learning about Rama's story, Amanda started to notice more students like Rama in her school. For the first time she realized that those students looked sad in their eyes. Sometimes because of their different accents, they couldn't communicate well with others, which made them always sit or stand silently at the back of the classroom.
“They are having a hard time. We should show them kindness and love！” she told her mother one day. Amanda asked her mother what she could do to help make them feel welcome. Amanda's mother suggested, “What about using art Maybe it will be easier to communicate through art.” Amanda thought for a while and nodded. Like her friend Rama, Amanda loved all forms of art, like painting, singing, dancing, and performing, through which she could tell different stories—about her family and her life.
The next day, Amanda went to the Activity Center in her school and proposed her plan of an art show. The officer thought it was a great idea. Inspired and excited, Amanda set about her plan with several friends. At the Activity Center they filled a room with paper, paint and pencils. They even made a small stage! Everything ready, they invited all the new students in her school and Amanda encouraged them to share something special about their hometown in any art form. To Amanda's surprise, no one responded.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Amazingly, Rama stepped forward to break the ice.________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Everything seemed to change after that art show.________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
答题策略
语法填空——形容词、副词
形容词、副词题的解题步骤
例题 It was the first class after the morning break, and we were all hanging around________ (excite), waiting for the art teacher to arrive.
步骤 ① 分析所填词在句中所作成分(形容词可作定语、表语和补语；副词作状语)：此处所填词修饰句子谓语were hanging around，作状语，应用副词
② 结合句意确定使用何种形式的形容词、副词：根据句意可知，表示“兴奋地”，应填excitedly
答案 excitedly 修饰谓语动词hanging around作状语，应用其副词形式excitedly练习37 语法填空＋阅读理解
Ⅰ.语法填空
2023·南京高三模拟 说明文 235词 ★★★☆☆
Aiming to inspire the people of various countries to learn Chinese, the video series The Imagination of Art was released on Oct. 24.
The project, 1.________ (joint) produced by the Center for Language Education and Cooperation and Central Academy of Fine Arts, selects multiple art pieces created by four artists: Wu Jian'an, Kang Lei, Lu Zhengyuan and Zhang Fan.
Under the theme of“Chinese Language＋Arts”， the series 2.________ (comprise)of two parts, the first part of which contains four episodes, each 3.________ (feature) one artist. The second part will see education experts guide Chinese learning from their 4.________ (work) of art.
In the first episode, Wu, one director of Fine Arts Experimental Art School at the academy, 5.________ (share) his creation procedure of The Heaven of Nine Levels, 6.________ hand carved piece inspired by “Shan Hai Jing”．
The second introduces The Garden of Forking Paths, artist Kang's painting, 7.________ title is inspired from Jorge Borges' novel. The work demonstrates Kang's reflection 8.________ time, as she paints different scenes and images in different places and at different times worldwide 9.________ (record) her feelings and experiences.
The other two episodes are respectively about Lu's work Solid Liquid and Zhang's work Tianxin. both of which have a 10.________ (power) effect on people learning Chinese.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
2023·济南市高三检测 应用文 280词 ★★★☆☆
If you always sit indoors for too long, putting on weight may become a trouble. Tired of all that fat If so, these sports can help you burn the most calories.
Running
“Running is one of the best caloric burners out there，” qualified personal trainer Daniel Saltos says. An average person can burn anywhere from 500 to 1，000 calories in one hour of running. “Speed, pace, and tolerance are all factors that can impact this range. But running uses every muscle group in the body, allowing you to burn more calories.”
Swimming
“Swimming is a workout that produces the lowest impact on body while it still can burn 500 to 600 calories in just 30 minutes，” Saltos says. Swimming also improves heart health and increases strength—all great reasons for playing in the water.
Boxing
Not only is boxing a great way to release energy, but it also helps improve balance, builds up tolerance and strengthens the upper body and core. “Boxing helps you get a good calorie burn, too, with the average person burning up 400 to 800 calories in an hour session，” Saltos says.
Rowing
The pushing and pulling motion of rowing machines targets multiple muscle groups including the arms, core, and back, helping you to burn more calories. “An hour of rowing will burn 400 to 600 calories on average，” Saltos says.
1．Which sport can burn the most calories per hour
A．Boxing. B．Running.
C．Swimming. D．Rowing.
2．What is the advantage of swimming according to the text
A．It enhances balance.
B．It improves tolerance.
C．It produces low impact.
D．It builds muscle groups.
3．Who is the text intended for
A．Great athletes. B．Fitness experts.
C．Sports reporters. D．Overweight persons.
B
2023·济南市检测 新闻报道 324词 ★★★☆☆
Lam Hon ming, director of the State Key Laboratory at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, is a top expert in soybean (大豆) research. Since 1998, Lam's team has been cooperating with scientists in Chinese mainland. In 2010, he came across Zhang Guohong, an agricultural expert from Gansu, China, at a national soybean conference. With the same major, they hit it off and decided to improve farmers' lives and promote local agriculture.
Farmers in Gansu depend largely on the weather for their livelihood, mainly on rainfall, which is also a cause of severe poorness in the area. In 2016, they developed three new soybean varieties suited to salty soil and rare rainfall of Northwest China. All received official government approval.
As the land in Northwest China is not suitable for the growth of common varieties of soybeans, local farmers never planted soybeans, and it became a major problem for spreading new soybeans. Lam and Zhang increased communication with farmers through various ways. To ensure farmers' income, Lam struck a partnership with a Hong Kong food company that will purchase all soybeans at market price when they are harvested.
By 2020, the planting area of the three approved soybeans in Gansu had gone beyond 2.4 million square kilometers, covering 46 of the province's 80 plus counties, and the output had reached 7.71 million kilograms, adding about 30 million yuan to local farmers' income.
Zhang said that Professor Lam's contribution has greatly pushed the poorness relief and agricultural research in Northwest China. “It is hard to keep doing agricultural research with less funding. And it is more difficult to travel from Hong Kong to the poor areas of the Northwest to do agricultural research，” he added. In the future, Lam will continue to work with mainland scientists and lead more “Hong Kong power” into the development of the country's Northwest.
4．What can we know about the two scientists from Paragraph 1
A．They have been friends since 1998.
B．They both major in agriculture.
C．They once served in the same lab.
D．They met by chance in Hong Kong.
5．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A．Rainfall is not enough.
B．The locals lived a poor life.
C．Little land is rich in nutrition.
D．The farmers never planted soybeans.
6．What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us
A．More work needs to be done.
B．All farmers become better off.
C．The two scientists are successful.
D．Soybeans grow throughout Gansu.
7．Which of the following can best describe Lam Hon ming
A．Dependent. B．Honest.
C．Open minded. D．Devoted.
答题策略
语法填空——非谓语动词
非谓语动词之间区分步骤实例(2)
例题 You can imagine how terribly shy I was with so many eyes________ (fix) upon me.
步骤 ① 找逻辑主语：eye发生fix这一动作，eyes是逻辑主语
② 判断主被动关系： eye与fix之间是逻辑上的被动关系，用fixed
答案 fixed 此处是一个with复合结构。宾语eyes与fix之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，故用其过去分词形式fixed作宾语补足语练习53 七选五＋完形填空＋应用文写作
Ⅰ.七选五
2023·石家庄质检Ⅱ 说明文 245词 ★★★★☆
Back pain can make it difficult for many people to function in everyday life. __1__ If you suffer from back pain, read on for four everyday fixes.
Our bodies need adequate movement throughout the day to avoid the stiffness (僵硬) that contributes to aches and pains. If the weather is good, don't hunt for the nearest parking spot; don't take the elevator when you have the option of one or two flights of stairs. When you need to sit for long periods, set a timer to get up every hour and be active for just a few minutes. __2__
When we overuse our dominant side, we create muscle patterns of weakness and tension that increase pain, especially in our backs. Consider the actions you take repeatedly throughout the day that shift your weight to one side. __3__ And use your opposite hand every so often for basic activities, such as opening doors.
Psychological stress is a noted risk factor for back pain, according to research. Most mental stress is caused by focusing on the past or future. __4__ A few minutes a day of mindfulness can go a long way toward minimizing the impact of stress. Additionally, mindfulness practices like tai chi have all shown effectiveness in reducing back pain.
__5__ That is, you can create a game plan of daily activities to practice for back health. If your back hurts at the end of the day, don't just decide it is a “bad” day. Ask yourself if you have practiced the activities to help you avoid the stress and tension. Taking an active, daily life approach to maintaining a healthy body is the key to keeping back pain at bay.
A．Switch sides when you carry things.
B．It affects how you move, feel and think.
C．You should learn more about the cause of your pain.
D．Approach the health of your back as a responsibility.
E.So actively being mindful of the present reduces stress.
F．You'd better take a quick break to check in with your breathing.
G．More minutes of movement add up to big health benefits over time.
Ⅱ.完形填空
2023·广东省模拟Ⅰ 记叙文 241词 ★★★☆☆
In many ways, Gitanjali Rao is an ordinary 11 year old, lively and chatty, yet her scientific spirit makes a huge difference. Last month, she __1__ the top prize at the Discovery Education 3M Young Scientist Challenge for her invention.
What __2__ Gitanjali's work was that her city faced a water emergency with too much lead in its water. “The idea didn't __3__ to me until I saw my parents try to do water tests. The test strips may show inaccurate results, which weren't very __4__，” she recalled. She then searched for suitable materials with continued efforts and __5__ found that carbon nanotube (纳米管) sensors can be used to sense chemicals. Gitanjali __6__ to build a small blue housing using the 3 D printer at her school with computer chips and a battery inside. A free app, which Gitanjali designed under__7__ from her computer science teacher, gives instant __8__ and sends the data to a linked phone through an attached device.
The process of designing her project wasn't always __9__， though. Kathleen Shafer, a scientist paired with Gitanjali as her teacher in summer, __10__ along the way. In the award ceremony, Gitanjali also __11__ her parents with constant support and __12__ to try “crazy ideas”. Gitanjali received $25，000 to further develop her program along with the great __13__ of winning the contest. According to Shafer, who __14__ Gitanjali, “She shows a lot of motivation to solve __15__ issues through science.”
1．A.earned B．designed
C．offered D．made
2．A.exposed B．improved
C．defined D．inspired
3．A.stick B．belong
C．occur D．apply
4．A.simple B．reliable
C．predictable D．creative
5．A.initially B．immediately
C．temporarily D．eventually
6．A.managed B．promised
C．pretended D．happened
7．A.observation B．command
C．instruction D．control
8．A.access B．results
C．decisions D．approval
9．A.optional B．complete
C．continuous D．smooth
10．A.changed B．risked
C．helped D．followed
11．A.stressed B．credited
C．impressed D．provided
12．A.encouragement B．request
C．struggle D．pressure
13．A.fortune B．intention
C．honor D．potential
14．A.keeps up with B．gets along with
C．takes care of D．speaks highly of
15．A.commercial B．practical
C．academic D．systematic
Ⅲ.应用文写作
[2023·广东省模拟Ⅰ]假定你是李华，是校英语学习俱乐部的负责人。你们邀请到了Smith教授在线作主题为“How to Write and Enjoy Poems”的专题讲座。请你在讲座开始前作简要发言，内容包括：
1．表示感谢；
2．相关介绍；
3．对听众的要求。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Dear fellow students，
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
That's all. Thank you.
答题策略
语法填空——谓语动词
谓语动词的应用
① 上下文时态要一致，多考查一般过去式，一般现在时和完成时态的助动词have的不同形式has或had
② 并列动词的形式要一致，留意并列连词and，or等
③ 留意主谓在人称和数上要一致
④ 留意情态动词的应用
⑤ 语态要一致，多考查动词的形式和助动词be的应用与省略练习49 语法填空＋阅读理解
Ⅰ.语法填空
2023·重庆市质研 说明文 198词 ★★★☆☆
Mining has seen ups and downs but traditional condiments (调味料) continue to appeal.
Any mention of Zigong, Sichuan Province, reminds people 1.________ its salt production and this is 2.________ important source of revenue (财政收入).
The city, about 200 kilometers from Chengdu, has a history of mining salt 3.________ (stretch) back 2，000 years. The salt was sold all over Sichuan and other provinces, and was consumed by one tenth of China's population. The salt is from wells. One of them, the Shenhai well, was opened in 1835, and is still in 4.________ (operate). With a depth of 1，001. 42 meters, it is among the world's deepest of its kind and 5.________ (current) produces around 2，000 kilograms of salt per day. Visitors to the well can buy packs of iodine free salt 6.________ (mine) just three days earlier.
But, during Spring Festival, 7.________ ends with the Lantern Festival on the 15th day of the first lunar month—falling on Sunday this year—more people from around the country flock to Zigong 8.________ (view) its world famous lanterns. Viewing lanterns became a Spring Festival custom in Zigong during the Tang Dynasty. Since then, the 9.________(city) lantern show has been held in more than 70 countries and regions around the world, becoming a calling card of both Zigong and China. The popular show 10.________ (start) from the economic dilemma in the 1980s, when Zigong's economy over relying on a single product became a problem.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
2023·云南高三质检 说明文 327词 ★★★★☆
In about 23 years, it may finally be time to look up. A recently discovered asteroid (小行星) has a chance of hitting the earth on Valentine's Day in 2046. It was discovered on Feb.26 at an observatory in San Pedro de Atacama, Chile.
While the thought of an asteroid hitting the earth may sound concerning, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) says people shouldn't be worried.
The asteroid has an estimated diameter of around 160 feet, which is about the same size as an Olympic swimming pool or the width of a football field.
“We've been tracking a new asteroid named 2023 DW that has a very small chance of impacting the earth. Often when new objects are discovered, it takes several weeks' data to reduce the uncertainties and adequately predict their orbits years into the future，” NASA's Planetary Defense Coordination Office (PDCO) said.
The asteroid is ranked on the Torino Scale as Level 1 threat. The scale is a tool to categorize potential earth impacts, with zero being no threat and 10 being something that can cause a global disaster. One on the Torino Scale means 2023 DW is in the normal or green zone.
“Current calculations show the chance of collision (碰撞) is extremely unlikely with no need for public concern，” NASA says of the green zone. “New telescopic observations will very likely lead to reassignment to Level 0.”
Although 2023 DW doesn't pose a great risk to the earth, NASA has been continuing to work to defend our planet from any asteroid that could cause disasters.
In September, 2022, NASA crashed its Double Asteroid Redirection Test spacecraft, or DART, into an asteroid to see if it could change the trajectory of the space rock. NASA later confirmed the mission was a success, and is continuing to research how effective the method is, should a massive asteroid be headed our way.
1．What does NASA's PDCO say about 2023 DW
A．It is too close to the earth.
B．It must be destroyed in space.
C．Its orbit is still uncertain now.
D．Its orbit should be changed.
2．How is 2023 DW ranked on the Torino Scale
A．As Level zero threat.
B．As Level ten threat.
C．In the normal zone.
D．In the threatening zone.
3．What does the underlined word “trajectory” mean in the last paragraph
A．Size. B．Weight.
C．Angle. D．Path.
4．Which can be a suitable title for the text
A．An Asteroid Was Discovered at an Observatory in Chile
B．An Asteroid Is Coming Our Way, Unlikely to Hit Us
C．A Space Rock Has Just Passed the Earth
D．A Spacecraft Has Been Crashed Recently
B
2023·全国卷Ⅱ 应用文 315词 ★★★★☆
Yellowstone National Park offers a variety of ranger programs throughout the park, and throughout the year. The following are descriptions of the ranger programs this summer.
Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone (May 26 to September 2)
Whether you're hiking a backcountry trail (小径), camping, or just enjoying the park's amazing wildlife from the road, this quick workshop is for you and your family. Learn where to look for animals and how to safely enjoy your wildlife watching experience. Meet at the Canyon Village Store.
Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 to August 21)
Kids can test their skills and compare their abilities to the animals of Yellowstone. Stay for as little or as long as your plans allow. Meet in front of the Visitor Education Center.
Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to September 2)
From a classic viewpoint, enjoy Lower Falls, the Yellowstone River, and the breathtaking colors of the canyon (峡谷) while learning about the area's natural and human history. Discover why artists and photographers continue to be drawn to this special place. Meet on the lower platform at Artist Point on the South Rim Drive for this short talk.
Photography Workshops (June 19 & July 10)
Enhance your photography skills—join Yellowstone's park photographer for a hands on program to inspire new and creative ways of enjoying the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone.
6/19—Waterfalls & Wide Angles: meet at Artist Point.
7/10—Wildflowers & White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.
5．Which of the four programs begins the earliest
A．Photography Workshops.
B．Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics.
C．Canyon Talks at Artist Point.
D．Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone.
6．What is the short talk at Artist Point about
A．Works of famous artists.
B．Protection of wild animals.
C．Basic photography skills.
D．History of the canyon area.
7．Where will the participants meet for the July 10 photography workshop
A．Artist Point.
B．Washburn Trailhead.
C．Canyon Village Store.
D．Visitor Education Center.
答题策略
语法填空——状语从句
状语从句的使用
例题 The young couple, who returned my lost wallet, left ________ I could ask for their names.
步骤 ① 分析句子结构判断从句类型：分析可知，couple作主语，left作谓语，从句________I could ask for their names在句中作状语，为状语从句
② 结合句意判断何种状语从句：那对年轻的夫妇归还了我丢失的钱包，在我还没有问他们的名字之前他们就离开了。可知，从句为时间状语从句，连词从when, as, while, before, since, until等中选择。
③ 结合句意确定连词：表示“在我问起他们的名字之前”，连词用before
答案 Before 那对年轻的夫妇归还了我丢失的钱包，在我还没有问他们的名字之前他们就离开了。根据句子的意思，空处表示“在……之前”，故填before练习60 阅读理解＋读后续写
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
2023·新课标Ⅱ卷 说明文 286词 ★★★★☆
As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you're lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it's unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.
Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well being.
The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant's experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves.”
Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.
“We're trying to generate a language that helps bring the human nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it，” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study.
1．What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text
A．Pocket parks are now popular.
B．Wild nature is hard to find in cities.
C．Many cities are overpopulated.
D．People enjoy living close to nature.
2．Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories
A．To compare different types of park goers.
B．To explain why the park attracts tourists.
C．To analyze the main features of the park.
D．To find patterns in the visitors' summaries.
3．What can we learn from the example given in Paragraph 5
A．Walking is the best way to gain access to nature.
B.Young people are too busy to interact with nature.
C.The same nature experience takes different forms.
D.The nature language enhances work performance.
4．What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn
A．Language study.
B．Environmental conservation.
C．Public education.
D．Intercultural communication.
B
2023·全国乙卷 说明文 337词 ★★★★★
What comes into your mind when you think of British food Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting Even though Britain has a reputation for less than impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists.
It's thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat and two veg and ready made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain's consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges. It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.
According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK's obsession (痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it's no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking.
5．What do people usually think of British food
A．It is simple and plain.
B．It is rich in nutrition.
C．It lacks authentic tastes.
D．It deserves a high reputation.
6．Which best describes cookery programmes on British TV
A．Authoritative. B．Creative.
C．Profitable. D．Influential.
7．Which is the percentage of the people using more diverse ingredients now
A．20%. B．24%.
C．25%. D．33%.
8．What might the author continue talking about
A．The art of cooking in other countries.
B．Male chefs on TV programmes.
C．Table manners in the UK.
D．Studies of big eaters.
Ⅱ.读后续写
[2023·广东省模拟Ⅰ]阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
Hector stood in the front of his fifth grade classroom as one of the last two competitors in the Room Five Geography Bee. His opponent having missed the last question, it was Hector's turn. If he answered his question correctly, he would be the Room Five champion.
“Where did I put that second sheet of questions？” Mr. Adler whispered while searching through a thick pile of papers on his messy desk. Mr. Adler, though a great teacher, had a reputation for being disorganized with a long history of misplacing things. “Oh well, I apologize for the delay，” said Mr. Adler after what seemed like a long time. “Hector, please tell us the capital city of Brazil.” Hearing the question, Hector smiled. Then, there was the answer.
Later that day in the courtyard, many classmates congratulated Hector. Wearing a proud smile, he greeted and thanked them all. Oh, the sweet taste of victory.
As it was getting late, the courtyard became deserted. But Hector still didn't want to leave. Then he saw Mr. Adler crossing the courtyard and holding a half open bag full of papers. As he hurried past, an envelope dropped out but Mr. Adler was unaware, turned a corner and disappeared out of sight. Hector picked it up. On the envelope were the words “Fifth Grade Geography Bee Questions and Answers”. Hector stared wide eyed at the envelope. Before he even had time to reflect on the consequences, he opened it and read the questions.
As soon as Hector had done it, he knew it was the wrong choice. He'd cheated and whatever he did now, he couldn't change the fact. “What if Mr. Adler thought I stole this morning's questions too？” Hector thought. “He'd take away my Room Five victory for sure.” Little did he know that one of the best days in his life would be turned into the worst so quickly. Torn by his conscience, Hector was totally at a loss what to do.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格作答。
Before he realized it, Hector found himself standing in Mr. Adler's room.________________________________________________________________________
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The next day the entire school came to watch the Fifth Grade Geography Bee.________________________________________________________________________
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________________________________________________________________________练习3 单句语法填空＋阅读理解
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(并列连词和名词性从句)
1．[2023·广东深圳中学期中]In any unsafe situation, simply press the button ________ one of our highly trained hotel staff will get you the help you need.
2．[2023·江苏南通期末]I did not understand all of the traditional customs, ________ a few made a deep impression on me.
3．[2023·陕西宝鸡模拟]She said, “It is out of my expectations ________ we can have a delivery service here.”
4．It is your choice! ________ you come to my place ________ I go to yours.
5．We were supposed to receive a warm welcome, but the host was ________ friendly ________ hospitable.
6．Richard swims three times a week after work. This is ________ he keeps fit.
7．Another important quality I should have is a warm personality which means that I should be friendly and ________ I must never be impolite to people.
8．You don't know ________ a letter like that means to me.
9．With time going by, ________ once seemed vital in our life is no longer as important now.
10．I was in such a hurry that I paid no attention to ________ or not the milk was hot.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
2023·全国甲卷 应用文 297词 ★★☆☆☆
Where to Eat in Bangkok
Bangkok is a highly desirable destination for food lovers. It has a seemingly bottomless well of dining options. Here are some suggestions on where to start your Bangkok eating adventure.
Nahm
Offering Thai fine dining, Nahm provides the best of Bangkok culinary (烹饪的) experiences. It's the only Thai restaurant that ranks among the top 10 of the world's 50 best restaurants list. Head Chef David Thompson, who received a Michelin star for his London based Thai restaurant of the same name, opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010.
Issaya Siamese Club
Issaya Siamese Club is internationally known Thai chef Ian Kittichai's first flagship Bangkok restaurant. The menu in this beautiful colonial house includes traditional Thai cuisine combined with modern cooking methods.
Bo. Lan
Bo. lan has been making waves in Bangkok's culinary scene since it opened in 2009. Serving hard to find Thai dishes in an elegant atmosphere, the restaurant is true to Thai cuisine's roots, yet still manages to add a special twist. This place is good for a candle lit dinner or a work meeting with colleagues who appreciate fine food. For those extremely hungry, there's a large set menu.
Gaggan
Earning first place on the latest “Asia's 50 best restaurants” list, progressive Indian restaurant Gaggan is one of the most exciting venues(场所) to arrive in Bangkok in recent years. The best table in this two story colonial Thai home offers a window right into the kitchen, where you can see chef Gaggan and his staff in action. Culinary theater at its best.
1．What do Nahm and Issaya Siamese Club have in common
A．They adopt modern cooking methods.
B．They have branches in London.
C．They have top class chefs.
D．They are based in hotels.
2．Which restaurant offers a large set menu
A．Gaggan.
B．Bo. lan.
C．Issaya Siamese Club.
D．Nahm.
3．What is special about Gaggan
A．It hires staff from India.
B．It puts on a play every day.
C．It serves hard to find local dishes.
D．It shows the cooking process to guests.
B
2022·新高考Ⅰ卷 说明文 300词 ★★★☆☆
Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜) was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain，” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month's cover story. It's jaw dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away—from “ugly”(but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”
If that's hard to understand, let's keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time—but for him, it's more like 12 boxes of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D．C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807，500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.
Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don't think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won't eat，” Curtin says.
4．What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story
A．We pay little attention to food waste.
B．We waste food unintentionally at times.
C．We waste more vegetables than meat.
D．We have good reasons for wasting food.
5．What is a consequence of food waste according to the text
A.Moral decline.
B．Environmental harm.
C．Energy shortage.
D．Worldwide starvation.
6．What does Curtin's company do
A．It produces kitchen equipment.
B．It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.
C．It helps local farmers grow fruits.
D．It makes meals out of unwanted food.
7．What does Curtin suggest people do
A．Buy only what is needed.
B．Reduce food consumption.
C．Go shopping once a week.
D．Eat in restaurants less often.
黄金考点
语法填空——代词
考点5 代词的基本用法
考例 Running is cheap, easy and it's always energetic. If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give ________ a try.
点拨 give it a try为固定搭配，意为“试一试”。根据语境可知，it指代running，故可填it或running。
考点6 代词宾格作宾语(me，us，you，him，her，it，them)
考例 When the gorillas (大猩猩) and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find ________ (they) alive.
点拨 作动词find的宾语，应用其宾格形式them。
考点7 物主代词作定语修饰名词(my, your, his/her/its, our, your, their)
考例 Data about the moon's composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether ________ (it) plans for future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
点拨 这里名词plans前缺少定语，根据提示词it可知应用其代词it的形容词性物主代词its。练习1 单句语法填空＋阅读理解
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(冠词)
1．答案与解析：a 句意为：据说防火墙在保护公司和人们的安全方面发挥着关键作用。play a(n)...role为固定短语，意为“起……的作用”，且critical的发音以辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词a。
2．答案与解析：a 句意为：在纳什维尔的小门罗·卡雷尔儿童医院里，一匹长着白鼻子的小黑马跑进了病房。根据常识和设空后的单数可数名词nose可知，此处指一个鼻子，应用不定冠词；且white的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
3．答案与解析：a 句意为：这样，孩子们就可以在重塑城市景观的加速的城市化进程中更好地了解他们当地的特色和习俗。固定短语have a better understanding of sth.意为“对某物有一个更好的了解”，故填a。
4．答案与解析：a 蒙特利尔是魁北克省的一个港口城市，是加拿大第二大城市。此处a port city是Montreal的同位语，表泛指，故填a。
5．答案与解析：the in the long run“从长远来看”，是固定搭配，故填the。
6．答案与解析：the; a 这正是我们要找的那个人，一个对德语知识掌握得很好的人。person被very和定语从句修饰，故第一空应用定冠词the，表特指；knowledge意为“知识”，一般用作不可数名词，但当指“某一门知识，某一门学问”时，抽象名词具体化，用作可数名词，故第二空用不定冠词a。
7．答案与解析：a; the 第一空，pleasure本为不可数名词，此处是抽象名词具体化，表示“令人高兴的一件事”，故用不定冠词表泛指；第二空，whole常与the搭配，故用定冠词。
8．答案与解析：the on the increase/decrease是固定搭配，表示“增长/减少”，故用定冠词the。
9．答案与解析：a; the 第一空，此处表示“一种必需品”，因此necessity前加a；第二空，make the most of表示“充分利用”，为固定搭配。
10．答案与解析：The; the 你买的蛋糕闻起来很香，但我暂时不想吃。第一空，cake被定语从句you bought所修饰，因此其前加定冠词the表特指。第二空，for the time being“暂时”，为固定用法。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了在阿姆斯特丹进行自行车租赁和雇佣导游的操作方式、价格等细节。
1．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children's bikes. (我们提供种类繁多的最新自行车，包括有脚刹的基本自行车、有手刹和带排挡的自行车、带儿童座椅的自行车和儿童自行车)”可推知，MacBike的优势是它提供许多类型的自行车。故选B。
2．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据定价表可知，租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车一天需要14.75欧元，额外增加天数每天8欧元。所以租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车两天需要14.75＋8＝22.75欧元。故选C。
3．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1：00 pm every day. (旅游团每小时从大坝广场出发，每天下午1点开始)”可知，导游城市之旅从大坝广场开始。故选D。
B
【语篇解读】 表现平平的作者遇见了一个编舞者，当作者想放弃时，她鼓励作者一直前进，激励作者付出自己最大的努力。通过不断的努力，作者的舞蹈有了进步，两人的友情也增进了。作者克服了恐惧与紧张，在年终的舞蹈比赛中获得了金杯，并对舞蹈和自己有了新的认识。
4．答案与解析：B 理解具体信息。根据第二段的内容可知，作者认为在自己跳舞的第12个年头也会陷入空虚、被遗忘以及没有任何老师或朋友相信自己真的有潜力取得成功，即作者认为自己在跳舞的第12个年头也会像以往一样令人失望，故选B。
5．答案与解析：D 推断。明题意：本题问“Shanda是如何帮助作者的？”→寻线索：根据第三段中的“She influenced me to work to the best of my ability, pushed me to keep going when I wanted to give up, encouraged me and showed me the real importance of dancing”可知，Shanda让作者尽最大的努力去跳舞，在作者想要放弃的时候鼓励作者继续前进并向作者展示舞蹈的重要性→定答案：由此可知，Shanda通过唤醒作者对舞蹈的热情去帮助作者，故选D。
6．答案与解析：B 理解具体信息。根据第四段中的“Butterflies filled my stomach as I took trembling steps onto the big lighted stage”可知，当轮到作者上台表演时，她颤颤巍巍地走上灯光照亮的大舞台。由此可知，她上台时感到紧张，故选B。
7．答案与解析：C 推断。作者在遇到Shanda之前表现平平，认为自己在跳舞的第12个年头也会像以往一样令人失望。但遇到了Shanda以后，她鼓励作者一直前进，影响作者付出自己最大的努力。作者不仅在舞蹈比赛中获得了金杯，也对舞蹈和自己有了新的认识。由此可知，一个好老师很重要，故选C。
练习2 单句语法填空＋七选五＋完形填空
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(介词)
1．答案与解析：to 句意为：在这里你将身处世界上最偏远的地方之一，但仍有机会洗热水澡和享用精心准备的饭菜。have access to...为固定短语，意为“有机会使用……”。故填to。
2．答案与解析：of 句意为：幸福是建立在你内心感受的基础上的。on the basis of...为固定短语，意为“在……的基础上”，故填of。
3．答案与解析：for 句意为：警方认为该地区其他三宗谋杀案也是此人所为。be responsible for...为固定搭配，意为“对……有责任”。故填for。
4．答案与解析：on 句意为：当探险者们第一次踏上北美大陆时，天空和陆地上到处都是各种各样令人吃惊的野生动物。根据空后的the continent可知，此处表示“在大陆上”，应用介词on。set foot on意为“进入；到达”。故填on。
5．答案与解析：by 他们相信他们仅仅通过点击一个按钮就能实现任何事情。表示“通过做某事”用介词by。
6．答案与解析：on 从长远来看，在线教育不仅让学生和他们的雇主受益，还对经济有影响。此处表示“对……的影响”，应用介词on。the effect on sth.意为“对某事的影响”，故填on。
7．答案与解析：for 询问我们的意图的那位绅士留下了他的信用卡号码以支付我们的订单，然后走开了。pay for为固定搭配，意为“为……付款”，故填for。
8．答案与解析：on 我知道她的高标准已经帮助了我专注于重要的事情。focus on为固定搭配，意为“集中于；关注”，故填on。
9．答案与解析：into 为了取得巨大的成功，科学家必须作好深陷困境的准备。get into trouble为固定搭配，意为“陷入困境”，故填into。
10．答案与解析：from 不幸的是，在他二十多岁的时候，他患上了一种无法治愈的疾病，这对他来说是一个巨大的挑战。suffer from为固定搭配，意为“患……病；受……之苦”，故填from。
Ⅱ.七选五
【语篇解读】 本文为一篇说明文。文章鼓励人们练习自我宽恕，并提供了一个简单的写作练习来增强自信。通过列出个人的优点和善良的行为，人们可以学会原谅自己的错误，并从中成长。
1．答案与解析：D 根据空前内容“Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don't beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human. (为错误承担责任是积极的一步，但不要因此而自责。人孰能无过)”可知，作者认为人都会犯错，勇于承担责任固然重要，但是也不要因此而过于自责。结合空后“You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this. (你可以使用下面的写作练习来帮助你做到这一点)”中的“do this”以及下文内容可推断，空处应该内容和“不要太自责”相似。选项D“It's just as important to show yourself some forgiveness. (宽恕自己也同样重要)”与“不要太自责”语意相近，起承上启下的作用。故选D。
2．答案与解析：B 根据空前内容“In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading ‘Personal strengths.’ (在日记或纸上写上‘个人优点’)”以及空后内容“Are you caring Creative Generous A good listener Fun to be around They don't have to be world changing, just aspects of your personality that you're proud of. (你有爱心吗？有创造力吗？你慷慨吗？是一个好的倾听者？与人相处很有趣吗？它们不一定要改变世界，只要你个性中让你感到自豪的方面就行)”可知，空处指的是列出一些你个性中的优点。选项B“Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself. (现在列出所有你喜欢的自己身上的特点)”符合上下文内容，下文内容具体解释哪些是优点。故选B。
3．答案与解析：F 根据上文内容“At the top of a second page, put the heading ‘Acts of kindness.’ On this one, list all the positive things you've done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. (在第二页的顶部，写上‘善举’的标题。在这张单子上，列出你为别人做过的所有积极的事情。它可能是当你帮助朋友做作业的时候，当你没有被要求却主动熨衣服的时候，或者当你在家人累了一天之后烤饼干的时候)”可知，本段主要讲述的是列出一些自己所做的好事。选项F“Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down. (不管是什么，不管它看起来有多小，都要把它写下来)”与上文内容一致，讲述的是不管你所做的事情有多小，只要是好的事情，都记下来。故选F。
4．答案与解析：C 根据空后内容“That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. (这样，你们就可以交换意见，谈谈是什么让你们每个人都与众不同，以及你们个性中闪光的方面)”可知，空处提到了某种方式，这种方式会使得你和朋友们一起交换意见。选项C“They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise. (他们甚至可能想试一试做练习)”符合语境，C项中的“they”与空前的“You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. (你可以让朋友或家人帮你增加你的列表内容。)”中的“a friend or family member”保持一致，同时选项C和下文“In fact, don't wait until you've made a mistake to try this — it's a great way to boost self confidence at any time. (事实上，不要等到你犯了错误才去尝试这个——这是一个在任何时候都能增强自信的好方法)”中的“this”一致。故选C。
5．答案与解析：G 根据空前内容“It's something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it's true. (大多数人不是从他们的成功中学习，而是从他们的错误中学习，这是陈词滥调。但事实是，这是真的)”可知，作者认为人是从错误中学习。选项G“Whatever the mistake, remember it isn't a fixed aspect of your personality. (不管你犯了什么错误，记住这不是你性格中固定的一面)”符合语境，G项中的“isn't a fixed aspect of your personality”和空后内容“We're all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow. (我们一直在改变和学习，错误是一种积极的发展和成长的方式)”保持一致，指的都是犯错并不是性格中固有的一面，我们是通过错误来成长。故选G。
Ⅲ.完形填空
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在明尼苏达州举行的一次越野赛中，Melanie Bailey背着另一个参赛者Danielle Lenoue过终点线并接受医疗检查的善行义举。
1．答案与解析：D 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Melanie Bailey应该更早完成比赛。A.designed设计；B.followed跟随；C.changed改变；D.finished完成。根据下一段的“carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get __8__ attention”可知，Bailey在比赛中背一名参赛者，所以完成比赛晚了，因此句子表示“Melanie Bailey应该更早完成比赛”。故选D。
2．答案与解析：A 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的延迟是因为她背着一名竞争对手冲过终点线。A.delay延误；B.chance机会；C.trouble麻烦；D.excuse借口。根据上文“Melanie Bailey should have __1__ the course earlier than she did”和上一题的解析可知，Melanie Bailey应该更早完成比赛，她的延迟是因为她背着一名竞争对手冲过终点线。故选A。
3．答案与解析：D 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的延迟是因为她背着一名参赛者冲过终点线。A.judge裁判；B.volunteer志愿者；C.classmate同学；D.competitor参赛者。根据第一段的“hundreds of runners competed in a cross country race”可知，她是背着一名参赛者冲过终点线。故选D。
4．答案与解析：A 考查名词词义辨析。句意：据当地一家报纸报道，当Bailey跑到比赛的三分之二多的时候，她前面的一名选手开始痛苦地哭喊。A.race比赛；B.school学校；C.town城镇；D.training训练。根据第一段的“hundreds of runners competed in a cross country race”可知，此处是说“当Bailey跑到比赛的三分之二多的时候”。故选A。
5．答案与解析：C 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她停下来帮助她的同伴Danielle Lenoue。A.agreed同意；B.returned回来；C.stopped停止；D.promised答应。根据下文“to help her fellow runner”可知，她停下来帮助她的同伴Danielle Lenoue。故选C。
6．答案与解析：B 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Bailey扶着她的胳膊，看看她能否在她的帮助下向前走。A.courage勇气；B.aid帮助；C.patience耐心；D.advice建议。根据上文“Bailey took her arm”可知，此处表示看她是否能在Bailey的帮助下向前走。故选B。
7．答案与解析：D 考查动词短语辨析。句意：然后Bailey弯下腰，让Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背着她走到终点线，然后又走了300英尺，到Lenoue接受医疗检查的地方。A.went away离开； B．stood up站起来；C.stepped aside让路；D.bent down弯腰。根据下文“let Lenoue climb onto her back”可知，Bailey弯下腰，让勒诺爬到她的背上。故选D。
8．答案与解析：A 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后Bailey弯下腰，让Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背着她走到终点线，然后又走了300英尺，到Lenoue接受治疗的地方。A.medical医疗的；B.public公众的；C.constant持续不断的；D.equal平等的。根据上文“began crying in pain”可知，Danielle Lenoue很疼，所以是要接受医疗检查，medical attention意为“医疗救助”。故选A。
9．答案与解析：B 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Lenoue在那里接受了检查，后来被送往医院，在那里她得知自己的一个膝盖受了重伤。A.interrupted打断；B.assessed评估；C.identified识别；D.appreciated感激。根据下文“later taken to a hospital”可知，她是先接受了检查，再被送往医院，也就是先接受评估。故选B。
10．答案与解析：B 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果没有Bailey的帮助，她可能会在极度的痛苦中挣扎着到达那个援助检查站。A.hunger饥饿；B.pain疼痛；C.cold感冒；D.tiredness疲劳。根据第5空前的“began crying in pain”可知，此处表示“如果没有Bailey的帮助，她可能会在极度的痛苦中挣扎着到达那个援助检查站”。故选B。
11．答案与解析：C 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：至于Bailey，她更困惑的是为什么她的行为被认为是一件大事。A.worried担心的；B.ashamed惭愧的；C.confused困惑的；D.discouraged泄气的。根据下文“I feel like I was just doing the right thing”可知，Bailey觉得自己只是做了正确的事情，所以她对她的行为被认为是一件大事感到困惑。故选C。
12．答案与解析：D 考查名词词义辨析。句意：至于Bailey，她更困惑的是为什么她的行为被认为是一件大事。A.game游戏；B.problem问题；C.lesson课；D.deal交易，局面。根据下文“I feel like I was just doing the right thing”可知，Bailey觉得自己只是做了正确的事情，所以她对她的行为被认为是一件大事感到困惑，a big deal意为“非常重要的事”。故选D。
13．答案与解析：A 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不能离开她。A.leave离开；B.cure治愈；C.bother打扰；D.understand理解。根据上文“She was just crying”以及Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背着她走到终点线，然后又走了300英尺。可知，Bailey看见Lenoue哭喊，所以觉得不能离开她。故选A。
14．答案与解析：C 考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然这两个年轻女子在那场体育比赛之前是陌生人，但后来她们成了朋友。A.ride短途旅程；B.test测试；C.meet体育比赛；D.show展示。根据第一段“hundreds of runners competed in a cross country race”及空前的“the two young women were strangers before”可知，当时是一场比赛，句子表示“这两个年轻女子在那场体育比赛之前是陌生人”。故选C。
15．答案与解析：B 考查名词词义辨析。句意：两人都没有赢得比赛，但展现的人性的善良赢得了胜利。A.secret秘密；B.display展示；C.benefit利益；D.exchange交换。根据第二段的“let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get __8__ attention”可知，Bailey背着一个参赛者过终点线，并背她去接受检查，这展示了人类的善良。故选B。
练习3 单句语法填空＋阅读理解
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(并列连词和名词性从句)
1．答案与解析：and 句意为：在任何不安全的情况下，只要按下按钮，我们酒店的一名训练有素的员工就会为您提供您需要的帮助。“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”句型中，如果祈使句表示的条件句是肯定句，应使用连词and；如果祈使句表示的条件句是否定句，应使用连词or。根据句意可知，此处的祈使句表示肯定。故填and。
2．答案与解析：but/yet 句意为：我并不了解所有的传统习俗，但有一些习俗给我留下了深刻的印象。分析句子结构可知，空处前后是两个并列句，所以空处应用并列连词，根据句意可知，前后两个分句之间为转折关系，应用表示转折关系的连词but/yet，故填but/yet。
3．答案与解析：that 句意为：她说：“真是出乎我的意料，我们这里居然有送货服务。”分析句子结构可知， It为形式主语，设空处引导的主语从句为真正主语，空处在从句中无实际意义且不充当成分，应用that。故填that。
4．答案与解析：Either; or 要么你来我这里，要么我去你那里，一切听你的。 either... or...“要么……要么……”，符合句意。
5．答案与解析：neither；nor 我们本该受到热烈的欢迎，但是主人既不友好也不热情。 neither... nor... 表示“既不……也不……”，符合句意。
6．答案与解析：how/why 设空处引导表语从句，根据句子结构及语境可知，从句中缺少方式状语或原因状语，故用how或why引导。
7．答案与解析：that 我应该有的另一个重要的品质是一种温和的个性，这意味着我应该是友好的，并且永远不能对人不礼貌。which means后为两个并列的宾语从句，and后为第二个宾语从句，从句不缺少成分，应用that连接。因and连接两个宾语从句，第二个that不可省略。故填that。
8．答案与解析：what 句意为：你不知道那样一封信对我来说意味着什么。动词know后为宾语从句。从句中means后缺少宾语，故填what。
9．答案与解析：what 随着时间的流逝，在我们生活中那些曾经看起来很重要的东西现在已经不那么重要了。设空处引导主语从句，在从句中作主语，指事物，故填what。
10．答案与解析：whether 我太匆忙了以至于没有注意到牛奶是否是热的。to为介词，后面句子为宾语从句，与or not连用的连接词为whether，表示“是否”。故填whether。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】 本文是应用文。介绍了一些关于从哪里开始你的曼谷美食之旅的建议。
1．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据小标题Nahm下的段落中“Head Chef David Thompson, who received a Michelin star for his London based Thai restaurant of the same name, opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010.[主厨大卫·汤普森(David Thompson)在伦敦的同名泰国餐厅获得了米其林一星，他于2010年在大都会酒店开设了这家分店]”以及小标题Issaya Siamese Club下的段落中“Issaya Siamese Club is internationally known Thai chef Ian Kittichai's first flagship Bangkok restaurant. (Issaya Siamese Club是国际知名的泰国厨师Ian Kittichai的第一家曼谷旗舰餐厅)”可知，Nahm和Issaya Siamese Club的共同之处是他们都有一流的厨师。故选C项。
2．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据小标题Bo. lan下的段落中“For those extremely hungry, there's a large set menu. (对于那些极度饥饿的人来说，这里有一份很大的套餐)”可知，Bo. lan提供大型套餐。故选B项。
3．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据小标题Gaggan下的段落中“The best table in this two story colonial Thai home offers a window right into the kitchen, where you can see chef Gaggan and his staff in action. (在这座两层殖民时期的泰国住宅中，最好的桌子有一扇通往厨房的窗户，在那里你可以看到Gaggan厨师和他的员工在工作)”可知，Gaggan的特别之处是它向客人展示了烹饪过程。故选D项。
B
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们日常生活中的食物浪费现象以及华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席执行官科廷为解决食物浪费而采取的努力。
4．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste.(像我们大多数人一样，我努力关注那些被浪费的食物)”及“But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.(但随着时间的推移，芝麻菜变坏了。更糟糕的是，我不假思索地买了太多东西；我扔掉的东西可以做六份沙拉)”可推知，作者想通过讲述芝麻菜的故事来表明我们有时会无意间浪费食物。故选B。
5．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据第三段“Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, ‘if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.’(生产没人吃的食物会浪费用于种植食物的水、燃料和其他资源。这使得食物浪费成为一个环境问题。事实上，罗伊特写道，‘如果食物浪费是一个国家，它将是世界上第三大温室气体排放国。’)”可知，根据文中的说法，浪费食物的一个后果是对环境的危害。故选B。
6．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D．C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807，500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.(科廷是华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席执行官，该公司把食物复原，变成健康的食物。去年，该组织通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品，收回了超过807 500磅的食物，否则这些农产品就会在地里腐烂。草莓呢？志愿者们将清洗、切割、冷冻或干燥它们，以便在路上的餐食中使用)”可知，科廷的公司用人们不想要的食物重新制作食物。故选D。
7．答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“‘Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won't eat，’ Curtin says.(‘每个人都可以在减少浪费方面发挥作用，无论是在每周的购物中不购买不必要的食物，还是要求餐馆不包括你不吃的配菜，’科廷说)”可知，科廷建议人们只买需要的东西来避免浪费食物。故选A。
练习4 单句语法填空＋阅读理解
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(定语从句和状语从句)
1．答案与解析：when 句意为：会议将被推迟到下周，那时我们的大部分客户就已从国外回来了。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为a time，关系词在从句中作时间状语，所以应用关系副词when。故填when。
2．答案与解析：why; that 句意为：他上班迟到的原因是今天早晨晚了一分钟，错过了公共汽车。第一空应用关系副词why引导定语从句，修饰先行词reason，第二空应用that引导表语从句。故填why; that。
3．答案与解析：where 句意为：它其中的一条跑道总长4 000米，宽75米，是国际航空业中等级最高的4F跑道，像空客A380这样的大型民用飞机，可以在这里起飞和降落。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是runway，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故填where。
4．答案与解析：which 分析句子可知，________ was fairly often是个非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的整个句子，系动词was前缺少主语，故填which。
5．答案与解析：as 分析句子可知，定语从句中，动词praise后缺少宾语，且先行词 a kind and helpful person前有such修饰，故用as来引导该定语从句。
6．答案与解析：which/that 分析句子结构可知，动词短语take care of后缺少宾语，且先行词为the place，故用which或that来引导该定语从句。
7．答案与解析：when 分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句修饰先行词a period，且在从句中作时间状语，故用when。就我而言，青春是我们应该努力学习并且让我们自己为未来做好充分准备的时期。
8．答案与解析：as/though 分析句子结构可知，as/though在此引导用了倒装形式的让步状语从句，表示“尽管”。
9．答案与解析：before 那对年轻的夫妇归还了我丢失的钱包，在我还没有问他们的名字之前他们就离开了。根据句子的意思，空处表示“在……之前”，故填before。
10．答案与解析：that 分析句子结构可知，此处为such... that...“如此……以至于……”引导的结果状语从句，故填that。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了John Todd从小就很爱思考且好学，他建造了一个生态机器，利用大自然可以自我修复的原理来净化污水。
1．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第一段“When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making. (当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索房子周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。例如，一条肮脏的小溪流经植物和微小生物居住的岩石后，往往会变得清澈。长大后，约翰开始想知道这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的垃圾)”以及第二段“After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌) Which kinds of fish can eat cancer causing chemicals (在大学学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰回到了观察自然和提出问题的生活中。为什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌？哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质？)”可知，约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很强。故选C。
2．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第三段“After a few weeks, John added the sludge. (几个星期后，约翰把污泥加了进去)”以及倒数第三段“He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. (他对结果感到惊讶。生态机器里的动植物把污泥当成了食物，开始吃了起来！几周之内，它就完全被消化了，只剩下纯净水)”可知，约翰把污泥放进罐子里是为了测试生态机器。故选D。
3．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1，600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China. (这些年来，约翰承担了许多重大工作。他开发了一个类似温室的设施，可以处理来自南伯灵顿1 600户家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁中国东南部城市福州的运河水)”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示约翰想法的应用。故选B。
4．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据最后一段“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self repair. (你把微生物放在新的关系中，并观察要发生的事情。然后让这些新系统形成它们自己的自我修复的方式)”可知，约翰工作的基础是自然可以自我修复。故选A。
B
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉。
5．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. (虽然人们不知道这些鸟在野外会使用工具，但事实证明，它们在关在笼子里时就能熟练地使用工具)”以及“the birds were given five differently shaped ‘keys’ to choose from. Inserting the correct ‘keys’ would let out the nut. (研究人员给了这些鸟5把形状各异的“钥匙”供它们选择。插入正确的“钥匙”会让坚果出来)”可知，在实验中，凤头鹦鹉是通过使用工具从盒子里取出坚果的。故选B。
6．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age (在人类身上，婴儿从一岁左右就可以把一个圆形的物品放进一个圆形的洞里)”结合选项，可知，一岁儿童最有可能完成“将一个球放进一个圆形的洞里”的任务。故选C。
7．答案与解析：D 推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues, or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections. (根据研究人员的说法，下一步是尝试弄清楚凤头鹦鹉是完全依靠视觉线索，还是也使用触觉来选择它们的形状)”可推知，后续测试的目的是了解凤头鹦鹉在测试中是否使用触觉。故选D。
8．答案与解析：D 主旨大意题。通读全文，再结合文章第一段“Goffin's cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape recognition abilities to a human two year old. (科芬的凤头鹦鹉是一种原产于大洋洲的小鹦鹉，它的形状识别能力与两岁的人类相似)”可推知，本文主要介绍了会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉。D项“Cockatoos: Skilful Shape Sorters (凤头鹦鹉：识别形状的熟练工)”符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。故选D。
练习5 单句语法填空＋七选五＋完形填空
Ⅰ.单句语法填空 (谓语动词Ⅰ)
1．答案与解析：won't stand 句意为：如果你只是在争论和讨论中表示赞同，你就不会脱颖而出。条件状语从句中如果使用一般现在时，主句中应该使用一般将来时。根据语境可知，此处表示否定含义。故填won't stand。
2．答案与解析：is shortened 句意为：谚语“英雄所见略同，但愚者甚少存异”通常被简化为“英雄所见略同”。分析句子成分可知，设空处作谓语，表示前者被简化为后者，且句子描述客观事实，因此用一般现在时的被动语态。主语the proverb是单数，故填is shortened。
3．答案与解析：said 句意为：“中国人民对俄罗斯人民了解得越多，且俄罗斯人民对中国人民了解得越多，我们的关系就会越牢固。”俄罗斯前总统德米特里·梅德韦杰夫在2010年说。根据时间状语in 2010可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填said。
4．答案与解析：is/was reported 句意为：据报道，在2019年，有超过60 000人参观过该地。固定句型It is/was reported that...表示“据报道……”；由空后的saw可知，句子可使用一般过去时；也可使用一般现在时，表示对客观情况的描述。故填is/was reported。
5．答案与解析：has changed 句意为：此外，睡眠时间近15年来已经发生了很大的变化。由时间状语over the past 15 years可知，“变化”已经发生，且表示对现在造成的影响。故用现在完成时。
6．答案与解析：has grown 迄今为止，在日常活动中使用手机支付已经成为中国人的一种生活方式的选择。由时间状语so far 可知，“成为中国人的一种生活方式的选择”是一个已经发生并且对现在造成影响的行为，故用现在完成时。
7．答案与解析：were 在我得到那个特殊的塑料卡之前有几个步骤。本句为there be句型，be动词后的名词为several steps，所以be动词应用复数形式，结合before引导的从句用一般过去时可知，此处的be动词用were。
8．答案与解析：was 以前，空间实验设备是通过货运飞船天舟一号运送的。句子的主语equipment是不可数名词，谓语动词应用单数形式，结合时间状语previously可知，句中叙述的是过去发生的动作，故填was。
9．答案与解析：referred Tom本可以独自完成所有的工作的，但他向老师寻求了帮助。could have done表示“过去本可以做却没做”，因此空处是发生过去的动作，需用一般过去时。
10．答案与解析：is found 在if，unless引导的条件状语从句中，条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”的原则，即如果主句是一般将来时，从句需用一般现在时替代一般将来时；又因money与find之间是动宾关系，故空处需用一般现在时的被动语态。
Ⅱ.七选五
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些外出就餐时要注意的一些重要礼节，并强调不同的国家有不同的就餐礼节。
1．答案与解析：D 根据文章标题“Important Things to Know When Dining Out (外出就餐时要知道的重要事情)”可知，本文主要介绍的是外出就餐时应该知道的重要事情。由此可知，D项“Don't get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant (不要在餐馆犯尴尬的错误)”符合语境，其中“at a restaurant”对应标题中的“When Dining Out”，同时引起下文“Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the world. (知道一些技巧将有助于确保你和朋友或家人一起享受一顿愉快的晚餐——无论你在世界的哪个地方)”。故选D。
2．答案与解析：F 根据本段小标题“Chopstick Rules”可知，本段主要讲述的是使用筷子的规则。根据上文“When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. (当你在吃的间隙把它们放下来的时候，一定要把它们放在一起，这样它们就和你面前的桌子边缘平行了)”可知，此处讲述了正确使用筷子的方式。由此可知，F项“Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them (不要把它们笔直地插在你的食物中，也不要在使用它们时交叉放置)”讲述的也是使用筷子时的注意事项，符合此处语境，其中“them”指的是上文的“chopsticks”。故选F。
3．答案与解析：C 根据本段小标题“Hands or Utensils (餐具)”可知，本段主要讲述的是手和餐具的问题。根据上文“In India and the Middle East, it's considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand. (在印度和中东，用左手吃饭被认为是非常不礼貌的。法国人希望你每只手拿一个餐具吃饭)”及下文“instead preferring to use their hands (相反更愿意使用他们的双手)”可知，此处在讲述不同国家就餐时习惯使用哪只手的问题。由此可知，C项“Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils (墨西哥人认为用餐具吃饭是不合适的)”符合语境，与下文形成转折关系。故选C。
4．答案与解析：G 根据本段小标题“Making Requests”可知，本段主要讲述的是用餐时提请求的问题。根据下文“In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don't like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food. (在葡萄牙，这将是一个严重的错误，因为这向厨师表明你不喜欢他们的调味技巧。同样，在意大利，永远不要要求在食物中添加额外的奶酪)”可推知，在一些国家，用餐时提出要求是很无礼的。由此可知，G项“It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal (吃饭时要盐和胡椒看似很简单)”符合此处语境，其中“request”是关键词，说明，在用餐时提出一些我们看来很平常的要求在某些国家是无礼的。故选G。
5．答案与解析：B 根据下文“the more comfortable you'll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices. (你就会对它的外国文化习俗感到越舒服)”可推知，此处指在一个国家待得越久，就会越习惯当地习俗，且此处是“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”结构，B项“The more time you spend in any given country (你在某个国家待的时间越长)”符合文意，引出下文。故选B。
Ⅲ.完形填空
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者10岁的时候，有次去理发店，因为一句玩笑话惹怒了理发师助理。理发师助理的反应让作者明白了一个道理：要尊重任何一种职业。
1．答案与解析：C 考查动词。根据“there was an assistant, who had recently...”可知，理发师助理刚来这家店工作不久，所以选C。
2．答案与解析：B 考查副词。空格后的it指haircut，由下文理发师助理问的“What if I keep it long？”可知，此处应该是指理发师问作者头发想剪多长，所以选B。
3．答案与解析：A 考查动词。根据语境可知，作者经常来这家理发店理发，上一次是和父亲一起来的。当理发师问作者留多长的头发时，作者回答：就和上次“我”父亲嘱咐的一样。instruct意为“吩咐”，符合语境。
4．答案与解析：D 考查名词。根据第二段第一句“So I sat for the haircut.”可知，这里是指在理发之前，理发师对作者的询问。所以选D。
5．答案与解析：D 考查动词。根据下一句“So I joked too.”可知，作者明白这位理发师是在开玩笑，所以选D。
6．答案与解析：C 考查动词。根据“what would happen to your shop then”可知，此处是指作者开玩笑地说，自己不能保证理发店会发生什么事情！guarantee意为“保证”，符合语境。
7．答案与解析：B 考查动词。根据下文的“How dare do you say that! Who are you to take us down, eh？”的语气可知，此处表达的是理发师助理听到作者的回答后很生气。shout意为“大声说”，符合语境。
8．答案与解析：C 考查形容词。根据上一段助理愤怒的语气和下一段中的“stopped joking about anyone's profession and works”可知，作者看到理发师助理这种反应应是感到害怕，所以选C。
9．答案与解析：D 考查形容词。由上下文语境可知，作者的一句玩笑话让理发师助理很生气，作者被理发师助理大声呵斥。根据常识可知，理发师见此情景应该是感到尴尬的。所以选D。
10．答案与解析：B 考查副词。根据空前的“From that day on”和空后的“stopped joking about anyone's profession and works”可知，此处是指从那天起，作者再也没有对他人的职业和作品开玩笑了。所以选B。
11．答案与解析：A 考查形容词。根据最后一段中的“the assistant responded in a way that made me rethink the power of my words”可知，理发店的这次经历对作者很重要。所以选A。
12．答案与解析：D 考查动词。由语境可知，这位理发师助理之所以那么生气是因为感受到自己的职业没有得到尊重，所以作者通过他的反应明白了要尊重任何一种职业。所以选D。
13．答案与解析：B 考查形容词。上一句提到要尊重任何一种职业，所以small符合语境。这里指无论是多么渺小的职业。
14．答案与解析：C 考查形容词。这位理发师助理让作者明白了很重要的人生道理，所以作者对他心怀感激，所以选C。
15．答案与解析：A 考查名词。由上文可知，不恰当的言语会带来负面影响，所以此处表达的是，言语很重要。make a difference为固定搭配，意为“有作用；有影响”。
练习6 单句语法填空＋阅读理解
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(谓语动词Ⅱ)
1．答案与解析：fell 句意为：史密斯先生到中国几个月后，就爱上了这里的人民和文化。根据语境和after he had arrived可知， fall in love表示的动作发生在had arrived之后，此处应用一般过去时。故填fell。
2．答案与解析：have been turning/have turned 句意为：我年轻的时候，我父亲给了我一些忠告，从那以后我一直对其进行反复思考。根据定语从句中的时间状语ever since和语境可知，设空处表示的动作一直持续到现在，并可能持续下去，所以可用现在完成进行时；也可用现在完成时表示过去的动作对现在的影响。故填have been turning/have turned。
3．答案与解析：was robbed 句意为：她活了下来，但高烧留下了永久的印记——她失去了视力和听力。由survived和left可知，本句为一般过去时，且she与rob之间为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态；主语she是第三人称单数，故填was robbed。
4．答案与解析：has been cooperating/has cooperated 句意为：多年来，莫高窟管理机构一直与国际同行合作，研究(遗址)保护和遗址管理。结合时间状语for years和语境可知，此处强调动作从过去一直持续到现在，并且会一直持续下去，可用现在完成进行时或现在完成时；主语为可数名词单数，故填has been cooperating/has cooperated。
5．答案与解析：will be admitted 老师对这个调皮但聪明的男孩有信心，并确信他明年会被一所重点大学录取。根据句意和句中的“has”“is”“next year”可知，空处表示的应是将来的动作；又因he和admit之间是被动关系，故应用一般将来时的被动语态。
6．答案与解析：will be waiting 你可以在晚上7：30来我家接我。那时我将正等着你。根据句意可知，此处表示将来某个时刻正在发生的动作，故用将来进行时。
7．答案与解析：will strike 没有人能预先知道什么时候会发生地震。when在句中引导宾语从句，且根据句意可知，此处的地震发生在将来，需用一般将来时。
8．答案与解析：was written 这本讲述了一条小鱼从一条熟睡的大鱼那里偷了一顶帽子的故事的书是加拿大作家Jon Klassen写的。“写”的动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时；同时The book和write之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，故填was written。
9．答案与解析：starts Henry每个星期天下午都去听一节四点开始的免费课。根据语境可知，此处表示一贯的动作，应用一般现在时。
10．答案与解析：was doing 根据语境和时间状语“at 7 pm yesterday”可知，此处应用过去进行时表示过去某个时间点正在发生的动作。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】 本篇是一篇说明文。主要介绍因为饮食的改变导致了现在在世界上一半的语言中发现了新的语音。
1．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as ‘f’ and ‘v’， were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.(30多年前，学者Charles Hockett注意到，被称为唇齿音的语音，如‘f’和‘v’，在吃软食物的社会的语言中更常见。现在，瑞士苏黎世大学的Damián Blasi领导的一组研究人员发现了这一趋势产生的方式和原因。)”可知Damián Blasi的研究重点是在语言的演变上。故选D项。
2．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned，making it hard to produce labiodentals，which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure , making it easier to produce such sounds.(他们发现，古人类的上门牙和下门牙是对齐的，因此很难产生唇齿音，唇齿音是通过下唇接触上牙齿而形成的。后来，我们的下颚变成了覆盖咬合结构，更容易发出这样的声音)”可知，因为古代成年人的下颚结构使他们很难发出唇齿音。故选C项。
3．答案与解析：A 主旨大意题。根据第五段中的“Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of ‘f’ and ‘v’increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter gatherer people today.(对语言数据库的分析也证实，在新石器时代之后，世界语言的发音发生了全球性的变化，在过去几千年里，‘f’和‘v’的使用显著增加。这些声音在今天许多狩猎采集者的语言中仍然没有发现)”可知，第五段主要是通过列明数据分析结果来进一步证明研究结果。故选A项。
4．答案与解析：C 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“‘The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution，’ said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.(研究小组成员Steven Moran说：‘自从人类出现以来，我们使用的语音不一定保持稳定，我们今天发现的各种语音都是生物变化和文化进化等复杂相互作用的产物。’)”可知，Steven Moran认为语音是一个复杂的动态系统。故选C项。
B
【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo等老师在低收入学校发起的培养学生科学能力，环保意识以及健康生活方式的Urban Sprouts花园项目，让学生通过体验乡村生活，对学生影响深远。
5．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第一段的“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low income schools.(起初是这样的，艾比·哈拉米洛说，她和另一位老师在四所低收入学校启动了‘Urban Sprouts’学校花园项目。)”可知，艾比·哈拉米洛是Urban Sprouts的发起者。故选D。
6．答案与解析：C 推理判断题。根据第二段的“she says. ‘They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.’ Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.(她说。‘他们来找我们，认为蔬菜很可怕，泥土很可怕，昆虫也很可怕。’虽然有些人一开始害怕昆虫，对泥土感到厌烦，但大多数人都渴望尝试新的东西。)”可知，项目之初，一些学生不喜欢园艺工作。故选C。
7．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据最后一段“She adds that the program's benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo's special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. ‘They get outside，’ she says, ‘and they feel successful.’(她补充说，该计划的好处不仅仅是营养。有些学生对园艺非常感兴趣，他们把种子带回家开始自己的菜园。此外，在花园里工作似乎对Jaramillo的特殊教育学生有镇静作用，他们中的许多人都有情绪控制问题。‘他们走了出去，’她说，‘他们觉得成功。’)”可知，这个项目不仅给学生提供了有营养的食物，而且许多学生回家开创了自己的菜园，对有情绪控制问题的学生也起到了镇静作用，从而推知，该项目的影响是深远的。故选A。
8．答案与解析：C 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo发起Urban Sprouts项目，带领学生种植蔬菜的故事，学生们开始对园艺感兴趣。因此C项“蔬菜种植爱好者”适合作为本文标题。故选C。
练习7 单句语法填空＋阅读理解
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(非谓语动词Ⅰ)
1．答案与解析：included 句意为：目前，包括北京、上海、广州和深圳在内的50个城市正在使用5G服务。include意为“包括，包含”，在此应用非谓语动词形式，include与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式。故填included。
2．答案与解析：reducing 句意为：数百万英亩的湿地被抽干，以为不断增加的人口提供食物和住所，结果大大减少了水禽的栖息地。reduce与其逻辑主语之间为主动关系，此处应用现在分词形式作结果状语，故填reducing。
3．答案与解析：to celebrate 句意为：中国人有贴年画来庆祝传统春节的习俗。分析句子成分可知，________ the traditional Spring Festival充当目的状语，空处应用动词不定式。故填to celebrate。
4．答案与解析：Built 句意为：建于宋朝的古镇提供了美丽的古代中国景观，以有拱桥横跨的如画般的运河和俯瞰水面的粉刷成白色的房屋为特色。分析句子结构可知， build在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与其逻辑主语town之间构成被动关系，应用过去分词形式。空处位于句首，首字母要大写。故填Built。
5．答案与解析：To keep 生活就像骑自行车。想要保持平衡，你必须不断前行。根据句意可知，空处应用动词不定式表目的。
6．答案与解析：designed 我们鼓励十六岁以上的孩子参加这些专为他们设计的户外文体活动。design与activities之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用designed作后置定语。
7．答案与解析：contributing 根据句意可知，逗号后的内容是逗号前的内容的一种自然结果，contribute与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系，故应用现在分词形式作结果状语。
8．答案与解析：to blame 此处为(be) to blame (for sth.)结构，表示“该(因……)受责备，应(为……)承担责任”。
9．答案与解析：based 很多人认为政府的任何工作都应该以市民的幸福水平为基础来评价。________ on citizens' happiness level在句中作方式状语，base和government's work为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词。
10．答案与解析：invited 受邀参加这次国际会议的宾客主要是学者、从政者和国际组织代表。分析句子结构可知，Guests与invite之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，故填invited。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过作者和悉尼人士的交流介绍了悉尼发展中面临的问题。
1．答案与解析：C 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discovered its harbor. (20世纪60年代初，澳大利亚悉尼发生了一件大事。这座城市发现了它的港口) ”以及“But it is the harbor that makes the city. (但是是港口造就了城市)”可知，本段主要介绍了悉尼发展的关键是港口。故选C项。
2．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第二段“Andrew Reynolds, a cheerful fellow in his early 30s, pilots Sydney ferryboats for a living. (30岁出头的Andrew Reynolds是个快乐的小伙子，他在悉尼担任渡轮领航员为生)”，第三段“I'll miss these old boats. (我会想念这些旧船的)”以及第五段“Catamarans are faster, but they're not so elegant, and they're not fun to pilot. (双体船更快，但它们不那么优雅，驾驶起来也没有趣)”可知，渡轮领航员Andrew Reynolds喜欢老式渡船。故选D项。
3．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Shirley Fitzgerald, the city's official historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings. (悉尼的官方历史学家Shirley Fitzgerald告诉我，在20世纪70年代奔向现代化的过程中，悉尼把很多它的过去都抛在了一边，包括许多最漂亮的建筑)”可推知，Shirley Fitzgerald认为悉尼匆忙奔向现代化，正在失去它的传统。故选A项。
4．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“On the other hand, being young and old at the same time has its attractions. I considered this when I met a thoughtful young businessman named Anthony. (另一方面，同时既年轻又古老也有它的魅力。当我遇到一位深思熟虑的年轻商人Anthony时，我考虑到了这一点)”以及最后一段“He is right (他说得没错)”可推知，作者赞同Anthony的观点，认为一座城市可以同时既年轻又古老。故选A项。
B
【语篇解读】 该文介绍了南乔治亚博物馆，文章就博物馆所处的地理位置、气候、开放目的以及工作人员的生活等进行了介绍。
5．答案与解析：D 理解具体信息。根据第二段中的“South Georgia Museum is located in Grytviken's old whaling station”和“The building that now...for over 20 years”可知，南乔治亚博物馆过去曾经是捕鲸站，故选D。
6．答案与解析：C 理解具体信息。根据倒数第二段最后一句话“The museum rooms are named after...in some way”可知，博物馆的各个房间都是以在某种程度上为该岛的发展或保护做出贡献的个人命名的，故选C。
7．答案与解析：A 理解词汇。画线词所在句中的and连接两个句子，and后面的“fresh food options are rare”指的是可选择的新鲜食物很少。由此并结合语境可知，and前的那句话应该表示互联网的接入不好，故选A。
8．答案与解析：C 理解文章出处。通读全文可知，该篇文章介绍了南乔治亚博物馆，对其所处的位置、气候以及开放目的等进行了说明，旨在吸引更多游客前来参观，故可知，我们可以在网站的旅游栏目看到此篇文章，故选C。
练习8 单句语法填空＋七选五＋完形填空
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(非谓语动词Ⅱ)
1．答案与解析：Following 效仿我们的示例，他们自己可能开始吃蔬菜。分析句子结构可知，设空处前面无连词，所以逗号前的内容要作状语，设空处需要填非谓语动词。又因为设空处的动作与主句的主语they之间是主动关系，故用其动词 ing形式作状语。
2．答案与解析：to improve 为了提高生活质量，残疾人现在做许多事情。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语are doing，所以设空处只能是非谓语动词，又根据句子语境“做许多事情是为了提高生活质量”可知，设空处应该填动词不定式作目的状语。
3．答案与解析：Raised 因在最贫穷的地区长大，他的球星之路漫长而艰辛。分词短语代替状语从句时，前后主语一致，而句子主语he与动词raise是逻辑上的被动关系，故用raise的过去分词形式。
4．答案与解析：making 重金属的污染物也可以被回收利用，从而使这一过程更加有效。根据语境，“使得过程更加有效”是前面提到的“回收利用”的必然结果，故用动词 ing形式作结果状语。
5．答案与解析：returned 厂商定期来回收因质量问题而被退回我们店的相机。return在此处作定语修饰cameras，cameras是return这一动作的承受者，故用return的过去分词形式。
6．答案与解析：dating 每年，数以千计的游客都来参观这座始建于9世纪的寺庙。come为本句的谓语动词，且设空处前无连词，故date应用非谓语动词形式。date from意为“起源于”，无被动形式，在此处作定语，故用动词 ing形式的dating。date from无被动形式，考查其非谓语动词的用法时，只能用现在分词的形式dating from。
7．答案与解析：to realize 每一个美国人都有实现自己最大潜能的机会。have the opportunity to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“有做某事的机会”，故填to realize。
8．答案与解析：Signing 申请开通一项数字电视服务可让您能收看到来自全球的200多个频道。本句谓语动词为provides，且本句陈述具体的事实，故用动词 ing短语作主语。
9．答案与解析：to live；to control 我很难与内心里的这两只狼共处，因为它们两个同时都要来控制我的精神。第一空所在的句子为It作形式主语的句式，“It＋be动词＋adj.＋to do sth.”为固定句型，故不定式短语作句子真正的主语；第二空想要表达“它们同时都要来控制我的精神”的意思，故用不定式作动词的宾语。
10．答案与解析：located 医疗服务机构在主楼。分析句子结构可知，本句已有系动词is，设空处应用非谓语动词形式，且设空处在句中作表语，表示主语的状态，故用过去分词located。
Ⅱ.七选五
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何使得自己的新年计划付诸行动。
1．答案与解析：E 分析语境寻线索：根据空后的“Lose ten pounds？...New Year's resolutions”可知，此处在讲新年计划→对比选项定答案：由此可推知，空处应填与计划相关的内容，E项“也许大多数人也在制定新年计划”符合语境。
2．答案与解析：D 分析语境寻线索：空前的“I usually tell myself I should write more”指的是作者通常告诉自己应该多写点；空后的“Then, I realize it would be better to set my intention to write and the time to write”指的是作者意识到最好是把写作的目的和时间定下来→对比选项定答案：再结合常识可推知，空处应为过渡句，正是由于对空前结果的不满，才做出了改变，故D项“但结果远非令人满意”符合语境。
3．答案与解析：G 由空前内容可知，Premack定律是一种行为策略，它指出高概率行为的存在会使低概率行为更有可能发生，即对Premack定律的解释；空后的“So, now that I've set my intention...dropping my kids off at school in the morning”以自己为例，说明具体的做法。由此推知，空处应是对Premack定律的进一步说明，故选G。
4．答案与解析：C 根据语境可知，作者把送孩子上学和确定自己的写作目的和时间联系在一起，并以此为例进一步阐释Premack定律。作者已经定好了写作时间，为了使之成为一种习惯，作者先迫使自己在写作之前完成简单的行为——每天送孩子上学。随着时间的推移，写作的时间自然也就有了规律。由此可知，C项“随着时间的推移，它也变成了例行公事”符合语境。
5．答案与解析：B 根据该空所处位置可知，该空应是段落主题句。根据下文内容可知，此段讲的是为了达到某一目标，可以选择多种途径，B项“一个目的，多条路径”符合语境。
Ⅲ.完形填空
【语篇解读】 害羞的女孩第一次上台演讲比赛，作者非常担心，结果令他非常震惊，女孩非常坚定并表演成功，获得胜利，让作者感到非常激动。
1．答案与解析：B 根据上文的“On the night of...the shy girl”可知，作者很担心女孩，所以此处表示作者的心沉了下去。beat “跳动”； sink “下沉”； lose “丢失”； break “弄坏”。
2．答案与解析：A 根据下文的“was fairly successful with his humor and personal style”可知，男孩的演讲果真优秀。sure enough “果然，果真”； worse still “更糟糕的是”； above all “最重要的是”； in addition “此外”。
3．答案与解析：C 根据上文的“when I knew the...and personal style”可知，男孩演讲很精彩，听众总是鼓掌。此处表示全场几乎每隔30秒就爆发出一阵掌声。crying “哭泣”； warning “警告”； clapping “掌声”； screaming “尖叫”。
4．答案与解析：A 根据下文的“It was the...on the stage”可知，女孩第一次上台作者很担心，所以手掌开始出汗。sweat “出汗”； tremble “颤抖”； change “改变”； turn “(使)转动”。
5．答案与解析：D 根据上文的“It was the first time that she had been on the stage”可知，这是她的第一次登台，所以作者不能因为任何差错责怪她。slip在此作名词，意为“差错”，属于熟词生义。try “尝试”； pose “姿势”； guess “猜测”。
6．答案与解析：D 根据上文的“The strong spotlight made her so insignificant”可知，聚光灯太亮，使得女孩显得无足轻重，所以没人注意到她。think “认为”； admit “承认”； ignore “忽视”； notice “注意到”。
7．答案与解析：C 根据下文的“Then her speech was on, logical and well organized”可知，女孩演讲很成功，这让作者感到惊讶。confuse “使困惑”； interest “使关注”； surprise “使惊讶”； challenge “向……发出挑战”。
8．答案与解析：A 根据上文的“I clearly heard”可知，作者清楚地听到一个响亮的声音。loud “响亮的”； weak “虚弱的”； tight “拉紧的，绷紧的”； low “小声的，低的”。
9．答案与解析：B 根据下文的“The whole audience fell quiet”可知，这里应该是主持人让大家注意听。support “支持”； attention “注意”； vote “投票”； silence “沉默”。
10．答案与解析：A 根据语境可知，女孩虽然看起来又小又瘦，但脸上的表情是坚定的。determined “坚定的”； puzzled “困惑的”； relaxed “放松的”； bored “烦闷的”。
11．答案与解析：D 根据下文的“freely out of the girl like magic”可知，充满力量的话语像魔法一样从女孩嘴里自由地流出。crowd “拥挤”； hurry “匆忙”； bounce “(使)弹起”； flow “流”。
12．答案与解析：B 析语境。根据下文的“a thunderous applause sounded from the audience”可知，听众中响起了雷鸣般的掌声→做推断：结合常识可以推断，女孩演讲结束时，听众中响起了雷鸣般的掌声→定答案： start “开始”； end “结束”； progress “进步，进展”； rest “休息”。故选B项。
13．答案与解析：D 根据下文的“for the winner's name to be called”可知，比赛结束时，大家都热切地等着获胜者的名字。sincerely “真诚地”； easily “容易地”； wildly “失控地”； eagerly “热切地”。
14．答案与解析：A 根据上文的“Tears of joy”可知，泪水模糊了作者的视线。mist “(眼)含泪水，泪水模糊”； hide “藏”； prevent “阻止”； shade “给……遮挡”。
15．答案与解析：C 根据下文的“her into my arms”可知，作者把女孩拉进了怀里。push “推”； throw “扔”； pull “拉”； lift “抬起”。
练习9 单句语法填空＋阅读理解
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(名词和代词)
1．答案与解析：curiosity 句意为：作为一个对世界有着永不枯竭的好奇心的天生艺人，他说，如果能让孩子们对科学感兴趣，他很乐意装扮成小丑。设空处在从句中作介词with的宾语，应用名词，curiosity意为“好奇心”时是不可数名词或常用单数，且根据空前的an可知，应用单数形式。故填curiosity。
2．答案与解析：popularity 句意为：像《火星救援》这样的电影在全世界都很受欢迎，尤其是在30多岁的年轻人当中。设空处作动词enjoy的宾语，应用名词，且popularity为不可数名词。故填popularity。
3．答案与解析：them 句意为：中国父母很高兴政府能介入，帮助他们控制孩子对游戏的兴趣。空处作动词help的宾语，应用代词they的宾格形式。故填them。
4．答案与解析：yourself 句意为：父亲告诉我：“当你用食指指着别人背部的时候，你(也在)让另外三个手指指着自己，而且你会受到三倍力量的回击。”根据句意可知，设空处所在句的动作的实施者和承受者都是“自己”，应用反身代词作介词at的宾语。故填yourself。
5．答案与解析：reference 以上观点可能正确，也可能不正确，仅供参考。your为形容词性物主代词，后应接名词，故填reference。
6．答案与解析：it 当谈到节食和锻炼时，我们知道要做什么，但是我们没有按照我们知道的去实践。when it comes to...为固定用法，意为“当谈及……的时候”，故填it。
7．答案与解析：their 拯救这些宫殿和建筑物时要不破坏它们原有的美很不容易。修饰名词短语old beauty应用形容词性物主代词，故填their。
8．答案与解析：oneself 诚信是立身处世和开创事业的基础。behave oneself为固定搭配，意为“举止规矩”，故填oneself。
9．答案与解析：it 我不喜欢人们在满嘴食物时讲话。主句谓语dislike是表示爱憎类的动词，when表示“当……的时候”，引导状语从句，此处用it指代people talk with their mouths full，作宾语。有同样用法的表示爱憎类的动词还有like，hate，appreciate等。
10．答案与解析：hers 她鼓励其他人作出自己的选择，并且也尊重她自己的选择。由句意可知，该空应表示她自己的(选择)，作宾语，应用名词性物主代词，故填hers。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
1．答案与解析：C 理解具体信息。根据Sales Assistants—Surge Direct Pty Ltd部分中的“Sightseeing...the best team！”可知，销售助理可以与最好的团队一起游览从未听说过的地方，据此可知，Surge Direct Pty Ltd的销售助理可以获得免费旅行的福利。
2．答案与解析：D 理解具体信息。根据Animal Attendants—Imparra Pet Motel部分中的“Availability—365 days a year”可知，申请人需要能每年365天全天候工作，据此可知，如有需要，申请人必须在正常工作时间以外工作。
3．答案与解析：D 理解具体信息。根据Administrative Assistants—Results Legal部分中的“You may just...environment while studying”可知，你可能刚刚开始你的行政职业生涯，也可能是一名大学生，在学习期间，希望在专业的工作环境中拓展你的法律技能和经验。据此可知，Results Legal最有可能雇用法律系学生。故选D。
B
【语篇解读】 本文主要分析了联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)发布的第六份气候变化报告，首次研究分析短期温室气体在变暖中的作用，呼吁找到减缓气候变暖的科学方法。
4．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据第一段“This year saw the publication, in stages...in some ways offered a ray of hope”可知，这份报告既让人沮丧，又给人一线希望，由此可以推断，该报告似乎有些矛盾。故A项正确。
5．答案与解析：D 理解词汇题。根据第三段中的“This makes the goals outlined in the 2015 Paris Agreement...below 1.5 ℃—much harder to meet”可知，此处是描述短语所在的句子中的内容产生的结果：使得2015年《巴黎协定》中概述的目标更难实现了。这说明短语所在的句子陈述的内容已经存在，间接造成《巴黎协定》的目标更难实现，所以该短语的意思是“在进展中，在进行中”。故D项正确。
6．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The IPCC's sixth report...played in warming by short term greenhouse gases such as methane (甲烷), for instance”可知，在IPCC的第六份报告中第一次深入研究了甲烷在气候变暖中的作用，由此可以推断，之前报告从未提到过甲烷给气候变暖带来的影响。故B项正确。
7．答案与解析：C 理解具体信息题。根据最后一段中的“This would include taking measures...rather than simply preventing it being released”可知，提到的适应性路径有转向更多的植物性饮食、控制人口增长、减少财政不平等以及想方法消除已经存在于大气中的二氧化碳。故C项正确。
练习10 单句语法填空＋阅读理解
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(形容词和副词)
1．答案与解析：global 句意为：袁隆平有两个梦想：在比人还高的水稻下乘凉和看到杂交水稻在世界各地被种植以帮助解决全球粮食短缺问题。此处应用形容词作定语。故填global。
2．答案与解析：currently 句意为：在应对此次冠状病毒大流行病的影响之后，世界(各国)目前正努力重新振作起来。此处应用副词作状语，修饰谓语is trying。故填currently。
3．答案与解析：mainly 句意为：这节课主要面向来自世界各地的青年学生，在周四下午以在轨运行的中国空间站进行的现场直播开始。应用副词作状语修饰过去分词短语aimed at。故填mainly。
4．答案与解析：tasty 句意为：所有美味的食物都如此，但糖的作用特别强烈。应用形容词修饰空后名词foods。故填tasty。
5．答案与解析：positively 他们可能会对总统的援助要求作出积极回应。修饰动词respond应用副词。positively“积极地”。
6．答案与解析：gradually 这个女孩以前害羞，但是现在正渐渐地在小组工作中变得积极，并更愿意表达她自己(的想法)。修饰动词应用副词gradually，表示“逐渐地”。
7．答案与解析：best 希望是一个好东西，也许是最好的，好东西是不会消亡的。根据语境和句子结构可知，这里应用形容词最高级形式。
8．答案与解析：noisy 我给我无聊和吵闹的孩子读了几章《哈利·波特》。空处修饰children，故用形容词noisy。
9．答案与解析：particularly 这条路上事故频发。因此你在这条路上开车时应该小心，尤其是在下雨天。空处在句中作状语，故用副词particularly，意为“尤其，特别”。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】 机器人被称为技术的未来，文章主要介绍了四款机器人。
1．答案与解析：C 理解具体信息。根据Asimo部分最后一句“The robot can communicate with people in three different languages including Japanese, Chinese and English”可知，该机器人可以用三种不同的语言与人交流，即Asimo的主要特征是它的语言能力，故选C。
2．答案与解析：B 理解具体信息。根据Sophia部分中的“Created by: Hanson Robotics (Hong Kong, China)”可知，sophia是中国创造的，故选B。
3．答案与解析：D 理解具体信息。根据Atlas部分中的“Its advanced AI systems make it capable of sensing barriers and negotiating diverse terrains”和Spot部分中的“Spot has some outstanding functions...lift packages”可知，Atlas和Spot的共同之处在于它们可以探测到周围的障碍物，故选D。
B
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一名风景摄影师，在摄影途中发生的一些所见所闻。
4．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。通过文章第二段“I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way. (我倾向于和几个朋友一起去州立公园或乡村探险，沿途拍照)”可知，作为一名中西部的风景摄影师，作者用探险的方式是去乡村或州立公园拍摄。故选B。
5．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely. (尽管如此，回顾这些照片，它们仍然是我最好的一些照片，尽管如果我能明智地准备和管理我的时间，它们本可以拍得更好)”可推知，作者认为，风景摄影成功的关键是适当的时间管理。故选A。
6．答案与解析：C 推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“However, we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. (然而，我们没有标出路线，所以我们几乎完全错过了日落)”可推知，作者在与朋友的魔鬼湖之旅中，到达拍摄地点的时间比预期的要晚。故选C。
7．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely. (尽管如此，回顾这些照片，它们仍然是我最好的一些照片，尽管如果我能明智地准备和管理我的时间，它们本可以拍得更好)”可推知，作者认为自己在魔鬼湖拍摄的照片是令人满意的。故选B。
练习11 七选五＋完形填空＋读后续写
Ⅰ.七选五
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是室内植物、室内植物带来的好处及你能种植哪些室内植物。
1．答案与解析：B 根据下文“but studies have shown that they can promote people's wellbeing by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory.(而且研究表明，它们可以通过改善情绪、减轻压力和帮助增强记忆力来促进人们的健康)”可知，此处与下文是递进关系，构成not only...but“不仅……而且……”结构。由此可知，B.Not only do they look beautiful(它们不仅看起来很漂亮)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选B。
2．答案与解析：D 根据上文“Many of these species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter.(这些品种中的许多都不适合在英国户外生长，尤其是在冬天)”可知，有些植物不适合在户外寒冷的环境中生长，即适合在温暖的地方生长。由此可知，D.Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer(相反，它们在温暖的室内生长得更好)能够承接上文，符合语境。故选D。
3．答案与解析：C 根据下文“I find during the winter months, plants around the house can really lift your mood.(我发现在冬天的几个月里，房子周围的植物真的能提升你的情绪)”可知，室内植物对人有好处。由此可知，C.There are many benefits to growing plants indoors(在室内种植植物有很多好处)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选C。
4．答案与解析：E 根据上文“There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking.(也有研究表明，盆栽植物可以通过去除二氧化碳等有害气体来净化周围的空气。它们还能去除油漆或烹饪中的一些有害化学物质)”可知，盆栽植物能够清除有害物质。由此可知，E. Plants like peace lilies and devil's ivy are among the best(像和平百合和魔芋之类的植物是最好的)能够承接上文，列举了在这方面做的最好的植物，符合语境。故选E。
5．答案与解析：G 根据上文“Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and you get to care for them as they mature—which is part of the joy of owning plants.(年轻的植物通常比成熟的植物便宜，而且你可以在它们成熟时照顾它们——这是拥有植物的乐趣之一)”可知，不同的植物需求是不同的。由此可知，G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding(了解每种植物的需求是非常有益的)能够承接上文，同时引起下文，下文“It can bring a new interest and focus into people's lives and help to make the link between home and nature.(它可以为人们的生活带来新的兴趣和焦点，并有助于建立家庭与自然之间的联系。)”具体介绍了了解每种植物的需求的好处。故选G。
Ⅱ.完形填空
【语篇解读】 除夕夜，作者孤独地坐在医生的候诊室等候检查。新来的两个人沉浸在他们自己的世界里。作者出门前忘记给手机充电，不然她很有可能盯着自己的手机。检查完后，她飘然走出去，但是她的车无法启动，手机也没有电，只能回去寻求帮助。在陌生人的帮助下，她的车成功启动，作者认为没有比这更好的除夕夜了。
1．答案与解析：C 根据上文“Was there anything lonelier than sitting in a doctor's waiting room on Chinese New Year's Eve？”和常识可知，作者除夕夜坐在医生的候诊室感到很孤独，所以她觉得开始一段对话是一件不错的事。故选C。quit “停止”； read “阅读”； start “开始”； continue “持续”。
2．答案与解析：A 根据下文“Several people turned toward me from their world to __10__”可知，这两个新来的人沉浸在他们自己的小世界里，world是原词复现。故选A。
3．答案与解析：D 根据下文“Dead, like my car...the phone inside”可知，作者忘记给手机充电了。故选D。buy “买”； assess “评估”； choose “选择”； charge “给……充电”。
4．答案与解析：B 根据前文“My checkup went well, and I breezed out to my car”可知，作者检查完后准备开车离开。再根据常识可知，启动车前应先转动车钥匙。故选B。
5．答案与解析：A 根据下文“I would have to use the phone inside”可知，作者的车启动不了，然后伸手去拿手机。故选A。
6．答案与解析：B 根据上文“Dead, like my car. I would have to use the phone inside”可知，作者手机没电，想使用接待台的电话，于是走到接待台，希望能悄声说出自己的请求。故选B。invitation “邀请”； request “请求”； secret “秘密”； checkup “体检”。
7．答案与解析：C 根据上文“Was there anything lonelier than sitting in a doctor's waiting room on Chinese New Year's Eve？”可知，作者向候诊室里的人寻求帮助。故选C。
8．答案与解析：A 根据常识可知，候诊室的一些人沉浸在自己的世界里，作者需要向他们寻求帮助，作者认为这会打扰了他们，语气应该会很抱歉。根据后文的“But my car won't start...”可知，作者迫不得已才这样。由此可知，通常情况下，作者不会这样做。故选A。normally “通常”； simply “仅仅”； necessarily “必然地”； constantly “重复不断地”。
9．答案与解析：D 参见上题解析。sorrowful “悲伤的”； relaxed “放松的”； innocent “清白的”； apologetic “道歉的”。
10．答案与解析：B 根据下文“But my car won't start...”可知，作者还没说完，周围的人转向作者听她说。故选B。comment “表达意见”； listen “倾听”； reply “回答”； support “支持”。
11．答案与解析：A 根据下文“When the receptionist gave a __12__ to start the car, everyone called out, ‘Try now’！”可知，屋子里的一群人跟着作者来到她的车前帮忙启动车。故选A。push “推”； attract “吸引”； guide “带领，指导”。
12．答案与解析：C 根据下文“everyone called out, ‘Try now！’”可知，每个人都在喊“现在试试”，说明接待员给了一个可以启动车的手势，故选C。promise “许诺，保证”； command “命令”； remark “评论”。
13．答案与解析：B 根据上文“The engine turned over immediately”可知，作者的车成功启动，所以响起一阵欢呼。故选B。
14．答案与解析：D 根据上文“I backed my car out of space, then paused”和常识可知，作者的车成功启动后应该会离开这个地方。她倒车，然后停下来应该是向帮助她的这些人挥手致意。故选D。
15．答案与解析：C 根据上文“who'd saved the day”可知，作者在除夕夜这天获得陌生人的帮助，所以没有比这更好的除夕夜了。故选C。
Ⅲ.读后续写
One possible version：
In a sudden wave of bravery, Maya asked, “What's it like being in a wheelchair？”“It helps me get around，” Joan said simply. Then, grinning, she added, “You'd be surprised at how fast I can go in this thing！” Right then, she moved the wheelchair across the room, turning around back and forth. And what surprised Maya most was that she wore a big smile all the time. It was then that a spark of power was lit up deep inside Maya. That afternoon, the three of them had a pleasant talk over lots of things until it was dusk.
Deeply impressed by Joan, Maya offered to sit beside Samir on the bus ride back home. “Joan is great，” Samir said. Maya nodded, lost in thought. With Joan's wheelchair and smile in mind, she summoned up her courage and said, “The brace keeps my toe up so I can walk better.”“Really？” Samir looked amazed, reached out and touched it gently. “That's super cool！” His words were so sincere that Maya felt warm and moved. Though it was autumn outside, it felt like spring for Maya.
练习12 阅读理解＋七选五＋应用文写作
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】 David James一直想研究黑脉金斑蝶的迁徙模式，但由于黑脉金斑蝶数量少，研究没有进展。直到和华盛顿州立监狱的囚犯们一起合作抚养黑脉金斑蝶，他这才得以开展研究并发现黑脉金斑蝶迁徙的模式。在看到蝴蝶转变的过程中，囚犯们的内心也发生了变化。
1．答案与解析：D 理解具体信息。根据第一段中“The route the butterflies travel has been hardly known...tag is unlikely”可知，因为黑脉金斑蝶数量太少，所以人们无法跟随，它们的路线几乎不为人所知。故D项正确。
2．答案与解析：C 推断。根据第一段中的“The route the...to follow”和第三段中的“The butterflies...Bolinas and Morro Bay”可知，报告证实这些蝴蝶在加利福尼亚沿海过冬，12只在圣克鲁斯的Lighthouse Field State Beach降落。由此可知，在放飞之前，给蝴蝶打上标签是为了追踪它们的路线。练习25 阅读理解＋七选五
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
2023·四省高考测试 应用文 273词 ★★☆☆☆
Family Friendly Events in January
ZooLights：Glow Wild Jan.1－19
The Phoenix Zoo's yearly holiday light show is on until Jan. 19, allowing families one or more opportunities to enjoy the city's zoo, with millions of lights giving an added dimension to the festivities.
Glow Wild, 455 N．Galvin Pkwy., Phoenix, phoenixzoo. org, $11.95 members, $13.95 general admission
Downtown Mesa Festival of the Arts Jan. 4－18
The Downtown Mesa Festival of the Arts features the work of established and emerging artists, including those who create woodwork, metal crafts, food items, art, photography and gifts.
On Macdonald, off of Main Street in Downtown Mesa, , free admission.
Family Fun Winterfest Jan. 4
OdySea Aquarium in the Desert is hosting the third annual Family Fun Winterfest in its Desert Courtyard, featuring real snow for the kids to play in. This free event features everything from bounce houses to rides, games, snowflake crafts and face painting to go with various stands set up by local sellers, with food and other offerings for sale at the event.
9500 E．Via de Ventura, Scottsdale, , free.
Youth Fine Arts Course Jan. 18－Mar. 7
Mesa Arts Center is hosting an eight week youth arts course on Saturdays to teach artistic skills and knowledge through fun and challenging art classes in a wide variety of art materials, including painting, drawing, mixed media and sculpture, ensuring mentally stimulating sessions for all.
Mesa Arts Center, 1E.Main St.，Mesa, .$93.
1．How can you get a discounted ticket to the ZooLights show
A．Bring a friend. B．Get membership.
C．Join a tour group. D．Book a ticket online.
2．What can you do at Family Fun Winterfest
A．Have free food. B．Enjoy real snow.
C．Take art classes. D．Meet local artists.
3．Which event lasts the longest
A．ZooLights: Glow Wild.
B．Downtown Mesa Festival of the Arts.
C．Family Fun Winterfest.
D．Youth Fine Arts Course.
B
2023·深圳市调研 说明文 277词 ★★★☆☆
From cottages surrounded by impressive gardens to days spent exploring sandy beaches and deep woods filled with wildlife, in My Family and Other Animals, English writer Gerald Durrell provided a vivid account of his family's time on the Greek island of Corfu in the 1930s.
Come for the arresting descriptions of Corfu landscapes and stay for Durrell's laugh out loud tales of his unusual family. This book, Durrell wrote humorously in the introduction, “was intended to be a nostalgic (怀旧的) account of natural history, but in the first few pages, I__made__the__mistake__of__introducing__my__family.”
Durrell, later known for his zoo keeping and the preservation of wildlife, was just a child during his family's five year stay in Corfu. He is the 10 year old Gerry in the book—curious, passionate about animals and a detailed storyteller of his strange family: his imaginative elder brother Larry with his literary ambitions, lovestruck sister Margo, sporty brother Leslie and his ever calm, loving mother.
Durrell's attention to detail is what makes the book so attractive, with every sight, sound and smell of the island brought to life. One minute you'll be laughing as Larry's clever literary friends walk down to the daffodil yellow cottage, and the next minute you'll be catching your breath as Durrell describes swimming at night in the Ionian Sea: “Lying on my back in the silky water, staring at the sky, only moving my hands and feet slightly, I was looking at the Milky Way stretching like a silk scarf across the sky and wondering how many stars it contained.”
My Family and Other Animals is quite difficult to classify, being one part travel, one part autobiography, one part natural history, and one part comedy, with a thread of descriptive language running throughout that sometimes raises it nearly to poetry.
As a real delight to read, it's the perfect literary escapism for any adult or older teenager who is currently walking down a tough road in life.
4．Which word best describes Durrell's life in Corfu
A.Risky. B．Busy.
C．Tough. D．Diverse.
5．What does the underlined sentence mean in Paragraph 2
A．I introduced my family by mistake.
B．I shouldn't have introduced my family.
C．I couldn't help introducing my family.
D．I gave wrong information about my family.
6．What are paragraphs 4 and 5 mainly about
A．The book's writing feature.
B．Durrell's rich imagination.
C．Some interesting plots of the book.
D．Some vivid descriptions of the island.
7．What is the purpose of this text
A．To share an experience.
B．To recommend a book.
C．To introduce a writing style.
D．To describe an unusual place.
Ⅱ.七选五
2023·昆明市质检 说明文 234词 ★★★☆☆
The shoes you wear can reflect your style, mood, personality, attitude, and much more. Do you want to leave a strong impression __1__ They add depth to your personality. So, it is recommended to never laze about the shoe matter.
Sneakers
Sneakers are the most frequently worn shoes these days. They represent a happy, sporty, and comfortable attitude. __2__ From your friend's birthday party to your workouts, you can wear sneakers everywhere. If you want to look professional, it is better to avoid these.
Sandals
Leather sandals express a comfortable, chilled, and relaxed attitude. They are perfect for beach vacations. They are also street friendly. You can also wear them for daily activities. They are considered the most suitable for your feet during summer.
Boots
Boots are one of the best additions to your shoe collection. They work well in personal and professional settings. They convey a strong, professional and confident attitude. __3__
Heels
Heels have been a status symbol since ancient times. __4__ Kings and queens wore heels to show their high status. Even today, heels represent confidence, bravery, and even a high status. Women who wear heels are more charming as well.
__5__ You should always keep a good check on your shoes and wear the most suitable pair. You need to dress up according to the situation, surroundings, and people. Only when you can do that can you create the desired impression with your shoes.
A．You'll feel confident in your skin.
B．Shoes can say more than you know.
C．A wide shoe collection can help you.
D．They are best paired with casual wear.
E．They convey a casual and light hearted attitude.
F.You can wear a pair to the office and even parties.
G．They convey a strong, attractive, and powerful attitude.
黄金考点
语法填空——连词
考点35 并列连词的应用
考例 Actually, I started to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, ________ I have long been out of practice.
点拨 前后分句之间语义上表示转折关系，而非因果关系。故应填but或yet。
考点36 状语从句从属连词的运用
考例 The games my parents taught me ________ I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.
点拨 表示“当我还是个孩子的时候”，用when引导时间状语从句， 故应填when。
考点37 宾语从句连词的运用
考例 My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to ________ I live.
点拨 介词to后边是个宾语从句，引导词在从句中作地点状语，用where“……的地方”引导宾语从句，故应填where。close to where I live是形容词短语作后置定语，修饰a restaurant。练习16 阅读理解＋读后续写
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
2023·石家庄高三质检 应用文 310词 ★★☆☆☆
Outdoor Football @ Braywick
Tue, Mar 8, 9：00 P. M.
A friendly kickabout, open to all levels. Different players each week. Newcomers are welcome.
We book the pitch (球场) when we hit the minimum of 8 “yes” RSVPs (回复), which we need to do by the day before.
The cost is ￡4 to ￡6 each, depending on how many sign up (￡50 for the pitch, divided by the number of players)
DON'T BE LATE! We need to be there, change and be ready for kick off at 9：00 P. M. If the game is ever cancelled, we will let those who have already RSVPed “yes” know.
LOCATION: Toby Carvery Stafferton Lodge
PLEASE BRING：
·Suitable boots for the outdoor 3G pitches. Artificial grass (AG) football boots are strongly recommended as the best option for the surface.
·Some cash—up to ￡6, as explained above.
RSVP TERMS AND CONDITIONS
·When you RSVP “Yes”， we book a spot on the pitch for you. The organizer is charged for the pitch unless they cancel it at least 48 hours before the game.
·If you change your RSVP to “No” less than 48 hours before play or you are a “No Show” and nobody is able to take your spot, you will be asked to pay the price as if you took part.
BRINGING GUESTS：
You are more than welcome to bring 1 or 2 friends to play (but only if you add “＋1” or “＋2” to your RSVP, so that we don't end up with too many players).
1．What is the deadline for the booking of the pitch
A．Mar 5. B．Mar 6.
C．Mar 7. D．Mar 8.
2．What are you required to do as an organizer
A．Arrive at the pitch at 9：00 P. M.
B．Wear firm ground boots when playing.
C．Bring at least ￡6 to the pitch.
D．Inform cancellation 48 hours ahead.
3．What will happen if you fail to turn up
A．You still need to pay.
B．You can join in the next game for free.
C．You will be fined for it.
D．You will be banned from the games.
B
2023·武汉高三调研 记叙文 298词 ★★★☆☆
During 20 years of stacking (使码放在) shelves with goods at his family's supermarket in Pollenca on the Spanish island of Mallorca, Jose Luis Reig, known as Pep, never gave a thought to the academic world. It was only when visiting the classrooms and passages of mainland universities with his two teenage daughters that he suddenly felt himself at home among the books and atmosphere of learning.
After school Pep had intended to get a degree in biology at the University of Barcelona but had been called on to help run the family business instead.
But the question of “What's my role in life？” still kept coming back to him. It wasn't until a year later that the answer suddenly struck him. When he was at school, other children would come to him with their problems. He developed a reputation and so was invited onto local radio, where the interviewer said, “You're like a young psychologist.”
Pep was no stranger to change. The family business had originally been a sawmill (锯木厂), but when Pep, then 27, was asked if he wanted to take over, he decided to transform the mill into the town's first supermarket.
One day in the shop, what the radio presenter said came back to him. After running the idea past his family, he applied to a university in Palma to study psychology and, aged 46, was accepted.
“I had to get used to being much older than all the other students，” he says. “In fact, I was older than my professor. But I believe disadvantages can always be advantages. And I ended up helping the others because I'd had more life experience that carries a psychological impact, which could reflect classroom theory.”
Pep came top of his year and impressed his tutors so much that he was offered a job researching and teaching, which he still does while studying for a master's in neuropsychology. Now 52, and still in the job, he adds, “My only regret is not having done it earlier.”
4．What can we know about Pep in the first paragraph
A.He felt relaxed in the academic atmosphere.
B．He visited his daughters' universities frequently.
C.He supported his daughters' by arranging shelves.
D．He never quit the thought of going to mainland colleges.
5．What was Pep's answer to the question of his role in life
A．To win a reputation.
B．To study psychology.
C．To take over his family business.
D．To cure children's problems.
6．What inspired Pep to apply to the university in Palma at 46
A．His pursuit of a better career.
B．The radio presenter's comment.
C．His classmates' encouragement.
D．The proposal of the family members.
7．Which quality might have helped Pep a lot in the university
A．Integrity. B．Self discipline.
C．Sensitivity. D．Optimism.
Ⅱ.读后续写
[2023·济南市高三检测]阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was cool and bright and just right for running. I was in the first few miles of a 10 mile race through some hills. Birds were singing in the trees. The soft wind was brushing my cheeks. I felt rested and springy. Despite the hills, I thought it was going to be a fine run.
Ahead was Blake, a student from Burke High School. He was running easily, too, moving along efficiently. The pace felt comfortable, so I decided to stay where he was; why bother concentrating on pace when Blake was such a nice pacesetter for me I would overtake Blake later on when he used up energy.
So I ran closely behind him. The course headed north for five miles, wandered west for a mile, and then turned south again. The race was getting tougher. With three miles to go, it was beginning to be real hard work. My lungs were on fire, and legs felt like stone.
Blake overtook the boy in front of him. Apparently he knew the boy, for they exchanged a few words. Their brief communication worried me. Runners don't chat during a race unless they feel really good, and Blake plainly was. There was still a noticeable bounce in his steps, but the springiness I had once possessed was gone.
Still, I was close enough to overtake Blake if he was tired, so I didn't give up hope completely. We were approaching a hill, a mile from the finish line, so whatever happened on the hill would almost certainly determine who crossed it first.
As I moved up the hill, my attention wandered for a few minutes. When I looked up, Blake was moving away, first five yards, then ten, then more. There was no hope of catching Blake.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Suddenly Blake slowed and sat onto the ground painfully.________________________________________________________________________
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A reporter took a picture of this moving scene and posted it online.________________________________________________________________________
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________________________________________________________________________练习18 阅读理解＋读后续写
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
2023·合肥高三质检 记叙文 290词 ★★☆☆☆
A Malawian woman, Gloria Majiga Kamoto, was recently awarded the Goldman Environmental Prize for Africa—the world's leading award for grassroots environmental activists.
Gloria Majiga Kamoto was then working for a local environmental organization with a program that gave goats to rural farmers, who would use the goat waste to produce low cost, high quality organic fertilizer (肥料). The problem The thin plastic bags covering the Malawian countryside. “We have this very common street food, chiwaya, which is salty and served in little blue plastics，” Majiga Kamoto says.“Goats eat the plastic for salty taste and they die because it blocks the ingestion (吸收) system. ”For her，this was the moment when it all changed. All of a sudden, she started noticing how plastics were everywhere in the Malawian environment and food system—affecting people's living and health.
“I remember back in the day when we'd go to the market and buy things like dried fish, which were wrapped in newspaper，” the 30 year old says. But thin plastics took off in the last decade or so as new producers sprung up in Malawi, selling products like thin plastic bags at cheap prices. In fact, the Malawian government decided to ban the importation, production and distribution of single use plastic in 2015. But before the ban could go into full effect, Malawi's plastic producing industry appealed to the country's High Court against the ban, causing it to be suspended.
When Majiga Kamoto and her fellow environmentalists heard about this, they were annoyed. She organized marches and rejected the plastic industry's argument that the ban would hurt Malawi's economy—and even debated with an industry spokesman on TV. Finally in 2019, Malawi's High Court ruled in favor of the ban. The following year, the government began closing down illegal plastic producers.
Michael Sutton, executive director of the Goldman Environmental Foundation, said, “Majiga Kamoto's fight with the plastic industry is a perfect example of the spirit of the prize.”
1．What made Majiga Kamoto realize the problem
A．Her experience with plastic eating goats.
B．Her discovery of goat waste everywhere.
C．Her doubt about the safety of street food.
D．Her care for the farmers living in poverty.
2．What can we learn about Malawi
A．It used to be extremely rich in fish.
B．It advocated using thin plastic bags.
C．It failed to ban single use plastic at first.
D．It relied heavily on the plastic industry.
3．What was the purpose of Majiga Kamoto's acts in Paragraph 4
A．To put the ban into effect.
B．To support the government.
C．To back the plastic industry up.
D．To promote Malawi's economy.
4．Which of the following best describes Majiga Kamoto
A．Humble. B．Generous.
C．Patient. D．Committed.
B
2023·福州高三质检 新闻报道 302词 ★★★☆☆
When Kim Ji un lived in Seoul, she worried about finding a good job. Now, she is worried that drought may ruin her crop. The 23 year old and her sister started a farm last year. Her first harvest was a success; she was surprised that her black beans did better than her strawberries.
Ms. Kim is part of a phenomenon called kwichon, or returning to rural life. Coined a millennium ago, the term crops up during periods of economic hardship. This time, in the wake of the pandemic, many new farmers have never lived in the countryside before. By planting young farmers in rural areas, the government hopes to enjoy big rewards in the future.
The plan is working. In 2021 nearly 380，000 people moved to the countryside. “Comfort with digital technology gives young farmers a__leg__up，” said Cho Kyung ik, the director of the Beginning Farmer's Centre, an institution educating those who wish to kwichon at its downtown offices. They sell fresh produce on Naver, South Korea's largest search engine.
The centre teaches techniques like how to use a tractor (拖拉机) or select the best crops. It arranges a trial period, during which ambitious farmers work under the guidance of an old hand, learning what it means to do back breaking labor from dawn to dusk.
The most important lesson is how to get on with the locals. The villagers are also offered tips on how to act towards the newcomers. That part is not yet a total success. Ms. Kim said, “My neighbors have a bad temper. The old people come in here and give me unwanted advice, or say I will never be able to grow anything.” Her black beans beg to differ. She and the South Korean government will be hoping that her crops put the argument to rest for good.
5．Why does the writer tell Ms. Kim's story
A．To start a discussion.
B．To introduce a topic.
C．To explain a solution.
D．To make a comparison.
6．What does the underlined part “a leg up” in Paragraph 3 mean
A．A new identity.
B．A helping hand.
C．A big reward.
D．A different idea.
7．What is the challenge for the young farmers
A．Farming techniques.
B．Hard work.
C．Communicative skills.
D．Unwanted advice.
8．What can we infer from kwichon in South Korea
A.Farming makes huge profits.
B．The locals need technical training.
C．It helps to revive rural areas.
D．The government should help farmers.
Ⅱ.读后续写
[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When I was in middle school, my social studies teacher asked me to enter a writing contest. I said no without thinking. I did not love writing. My family came from Brazil, so English was only my second language. Writing was so difficult and painful for me that my teacher had allowed me to present my paper on the sinking of the Titanic by acting out a play, where I played all the parts. No one laughed harder than he did.
So, why did he suddenly force me to do something at which I was sure to fail His reply: “Because I love your stories. If you're willing to apply yourself, I think you have a good shot at this.” Encouraged by his words, I agreed to give it a try.
I chose Paul Revere's horse as my subject. Paul Revere was a silversmith (银匠) in Boston who rode a horse at night on April 18, 1775 to Lexington to warn people that British soldiers were coming. My story would come straight from the horse's mouth. Not a brilliant idea, but funny; and unlikely to be anyone else's choice.
What did the horse think, as he sped through the night Did he get tired Have doubts Did he want to quit I sympathized immediately. I got tired. I had doubts. I wanted to quit. But, like Revere's horse, I kept going. I worked hard. I checked my spelling. I asked my older sister to correct my grammar. I checked out a half dozen books on Paul Revere from the library. I even read a few of them.
When I handed in the essay to my teacher, he read it, laughed out loud, and said, “Great. Now, write it again.” I wrote it again, and again and again. When I finally finished it, the thought of winning had given way to the enjoyment of writing. If I didn't win, I wouldn't care.
注意：1.续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
A few weeks later, when I almost forgot the contest, there came the news.
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I went to my teacher's office after the award presentation.________________________________________________________________________
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________________________________________________________________________练习24 语法填空＋阅读理解＋应用文写作
Ⅰ.语法填空
2023·全国乙卷 说明文 190词 ★★☆☆☆
Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern. From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong 1.________ royal palaces, it is home to more than 3，000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully 2.________ (build) system of ring roads.
But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place 3.________ welcomes the fast paced development of modern life, with 21st century architectural 4.________ (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn't work, 5.________ somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination. 6.________ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I 7.________ (amaze) by the co existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. As a photographer, I have spent the last two years 8.__________ (record) everything I discovered.
The 9.________ (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, 10.________ (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
2023·福州市高三质检 应用文 313词 ★★☆☆☆
WALKIE TALKIE TOWER CLIMB
Dare to take the stairs for a run challenge! Sign up and climb up London's Walkie Talkie building on 4 March 2023. Run or walk up the Walkie Talkie building, and raise money to help seriously ill children at Great Ormond Street Hospital. Climb over 35 floors and 896 steps before being rewarded with a celebratory drink.
gosh. org/get involved/fundraising events
RACE TO REMEMBER
Why not take on Race to Remember Join Team Combat Stress on 11 November 2023, and help raise funds for veterans (老兵). Choose from a 76km or a 36km walk or run. All races finish at the HMS Victory in Portsmouth. The registration fee is ￡75 (76km event) or ￡40 (36km event).
batstress. org.uk
TIME TO RUN
Run for research and take on 50 miles in 50 days! Take on this virtual run anywhere, anytime, between 1 March and 19 April. We're investing in pioneering projects that could slow, stop or change Parkinson's completely. And we aim to deliver the next new treatment in years. By taking part in Time to Run, you're funding Parkinson's UK research. Your fundraising will help us fast track the most promising treatments. Sign up today for just ￡5.
events. parkinsons. org.uk
LONDON MARATHON
Get your running shoes on and join Depaul UK for the 2023 TCS London Marathon. We'll cheer you on as you help raise vital funds for young people affected by homelessness. Starting in Greenwich Park, you'll run over Tower Bridge towards a memorable finish on The Mall. Join us at the start line and show your support for young people. To secure your place, sign up today.
kurt. sullivan. depaulcharity. org.uk
1．Which website would you visit if you want to climb stairs
A．batstress.org.uk
B．events.parkinsons.org.uk
C．kurt.sullivan.depaulcharity.org.uk
D．gosh.org/get involved/fundraising events
2．Who will benefit from TIME TO RUN
A．Sick children.
B．Veterans.
C．The homeless.
D．The Parkinson's patients.
3．What are these activities aimed for
A．Fun. B．Health.
C．Charity. D．Workout.
B
2023·昆明市高三质检 记叙文 299词 ★★☆☆☆
A dad says he's built a special bond with his two year old daughter after running a series of long distance races with her strapped (用带子系好) to his back.
Chris Greenbank, 36, a stonemason (石匠) from Stockport, Greater Manchester, even managed to complete a half marathon carrying the youngster in a special hiking carrier.
The single father, who has suffered from anxiety in the past, has been raising money for mental health support group Project 23. The group, which helps people with anxiety and mental health problems, was set up by Chris's friend Mark Sproston.
Chris's latest race, Run North West's festive 10k in Cheshire, was his fourth race and he says, possibly their last, as the kid may be too heavy in spring. Besides, Chris had been a little worried if the weather would be too chilly for his daughter. “No matter how difficult it is, I want to get us both a festive New Year medal before it gets too cold，” He added. “We have four medals now and we have run 51km in total. ”
In October Chris took just under three hours to complete the Manchester Half with his daughter on his back. The dad says his little girl rested her hands on his shoulder and kept them there for the whole duration of the run. He said, “Our bond isn't something you can even put into words. My heart is full.”
Chris, who says exercise is an important part of positive mental health, believes there should be no reason why people can't exercise because they have kids.
The pair also ran the Wilmslow Festive 10k in July this year and Chester Zoo 10k in October. Chris speaks of his daughter, “She loves it, and they are like mini adventures.”
4．What do we know about Project 23
A．It was founded by Chris Greenbank.
B．It has organized 4 marathon events.
C．It helps people with psychological problems.
D．It offers medical care to the disabled.
5．Why did Chris run the marathon in Cheshire with his daughter
A．To show the public his running skills.
B．To win a medal for their New Year.
C．To raise money for his serious illness.
D．To develop his habit of doing sports.
6．Which of the following words can best describe Chris
A．Caring and loving.
B．Frank and demanding.
C．Ambitious and particular.
D．Generous and outgoing.
7．What is the purpose of writing the text
A．To introduce ways to relieve anxiety.
B．To show training methods of running.
C．To involve readers in charity activities.
D．To share a story of a father and a daughter.
Ⅲ.应用文写作
[2023·深圳市高三调研]假定你是李华，你班计划与新西兰姊妹学校某班级在线共上一堂介绍“传统体育项目”的交流课。请你代表班级写封邮件给对方班长Hans，内容包括：
1．交流的目的；
2．告知相关事宜；
3．征求意见。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Dear Hans，
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua练习11 七选五＋完形填空＋读后续写
Ⅰ.七选五
2023·全国乙卷 说明文 226词 ★★☆☆☆
Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home. __1__， but studies have shown that they can promote people's wellbeing by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory. What's more, indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive.
What are indoor plants
Indoor plants, also known as houseplants or pot plants, are plants that like to grow indoors. Many of these species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter. __2__.
Why are indoor plants good for you
Will Spoelstra, who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens, says, “ __3__. I find during the winter months, plants around the house can really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants can improve creativity, focus and memory. There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking. __4__.
Which plants can you grow
Aloe vera, peace lilies and spider plants are some of the species that are easy to grow indoors. You can buy plants from supermarkets, garden centres or online. Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and you get to care for them as they mature — which is part of the joy of owning plants. “ __5__，” Spoelstra says. “It can bring a new interest and focus into people's lives and help to make the link between home and nature.”
A．All plants are different
B．Not only do they look beautiful
C．There are many benefits to growing plants indoors
D.Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer
E．Plants like peace lilies and devil's ivy are among the best
F．Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help
G．Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding
Ⅱ.完形填空
2023·昆明高三质检 记叙文 213词 ★★★☆☆
Was there anything lonelier than sitting in a doctor's waiting room on Chinese New Year's Eve It would have been nice to __1__ a conversation. However, I sat patiently as a couple of new people were in their own little __2__. I'd probably stare at my phone if I hadn't forgotten to __3__ it before I left home.
My checkup went well, and I breezed out to my car. I __4__ the key. Nothing. I reached for my __5__， and then remembered. Dead, like my car. I would have to use the phone inside. I went straight to the reception desk, hoping to whisper my __6__， but the receptionist was not there. So I turned back to the people in the __7__ room.
“I wouldn't __8__ do this，” I said, hoping I sounded __9__. Several people turned toward me from their world to __10__. “But my car won't start...”
The nurse popped her head into the room. “I'll get my jumper cables.” she said. The receptionist returned. “I've got a brand new battery. You're welcome to use it.”“Or mine，” another man said. A line of people __11__ me to my car.
When the receptionist gave a __12__ to start the car, everyone called out, “Try now！”
The engine turned over immediately. A __13__ went up. I backed my car out of the space, then paused to __14__ the crowd who'd saved the day. There's no __15__ Chinese New Year's Eve than that.
1．A.quit B．read
C．start D．continue
2．A.world B．dream
C．hobby D．area
3．A.buy B．assess
C．choose D．charge
4．A.found B．turned
C．took D．lost
5．A.phone B．key
C．bag D．report
6．A.invitation B．request
C．secret D．checkup
7．A.repairing B．sitting
C．waiting D．observing
8．A.normally B．simply
C．necessarily D．constantly
9．A.sorrowful B．relaxed
C．innocent D．apologetic
10．A.comment B．listen
C．reply D．support
11．A.followed B．pushed
C．attracted D．guided
12．A.promise B．command
C．sign D．remark
13．A.whistle B．cheer
C．cry D．voice
14．A.shout at B．glance at
C．point at D．wave at
15．A.crazier B．tougher
C．better D．worse
Ⅲ.读后续写
[2023·深圳市高三调研Ⅰ]阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Today was Community Service Day at school. Maya's class was going to make cards for the seniors living in a nursing home. It was also the first day Maya would be wearing her leg brace (腿支架) to school, which was designed to help her walk more steadily and smoothly.
It was a cold autumn morning. Maya looked down, feeling embarrassed. To make it lovelier, she had delicately decorated the brace with pretty butterfly patterns. Still, she was unsure about others' reaction. All morning at school, kids kept glancing at her brace. To her relief, they didn't say anything.
In the classroom, Maya was drawing little green buds (芽) and pretty flowers when her friend Samir came over and sat by her. She felt his eyes fixed on her brace and heard him asking, “What's that for？” Not knowing what to say, Maya pretended she didn't hear him. After a few seconds of awkwardness, she glanced back at him, and found that he looked a little sad.
After lunch, the class set off. The nursing home was on a small hill and all of them walked there happily along the path. Maya found that the brace did make it easier for her to walk up.
Maya and Samir were paired up with a lady who was 83 years old. There at the end of the hall in a wheelchair, with a big smile on her face, sat the lady, wearing a pink coat, with red lipstick and beautiful earrings. She looked bright and full of life. Moving flexibly and fast towards Maya and Samir, she greeted first. “I'm Joan，” she said cheerfully. “Glad to meet you.”
Maya and Samir handed her the cards they made. Joan looked at Samir's card carefully and spoke with admiration, “You've written a poem! That's so artistic！” Samir's face reddened with shyness. Then Joan turned to Maya's picture. “The first flowers of spring！” she cried in delight. “You really have a gift for using colour！” she said. Clearly, Joan's praise added great power into Maya.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
In a sudden wave of bravery, Maya asked，
“What's it like being in a wheelchair？”________________________________________________________________________
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________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Deeply impressed by Joan, Maya offered to sit
beside Samir on the bus ride back home.________________________________________________________________________
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________________________________________________________________________练习31 语法填空＋阅读理解
Ⅰ.语法填空
2023·新课标Ⅱ卷 记叙文 187词 ★★☆☆☆
Whenever I tell people that I teach English at the Berlin Zoo, I almost always get a questioning look. Behind it, the person is trying to figure out who exactly I teach... the animals
Since June 2017, right before the 1.________ (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and 2.________ (confidence) speaking English. And who do they speak English 3.________？
Not the pandas, even though 4.________ language used for the medical training instructions is actually English. They talk to the flood of international tourists and to 5.________ (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. They also need to be ready to give 6.________ (interview) in English with international journalists. This is 7.________ they need an English trainer.
So, what are they learning 8.________ (basic), how to describe a panda's life. It's been an honor to watch the panda programme develop 9.________ to see the pandas settle into their new home. As a little girl, I 10.________ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I'm living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
2023·昆明市质检 说明文 274词 ★★☆☆☆
One Alabama school was extremely creative in encouraging students to read more and to help improve the school district's literacy. They added an Inchy's Bookworm Vending Machine, an actual vending machine that allows students to add a special coin and get a brand new book.
Sixth grade reading teacher Kristy White said students have been inspired to earn coins so they can get a new book. Every classroom has coins, and students can earn them by improving in their reading or math skills or exhibiting good behavior.
Kristy said it only takes one coin to use the machine. Nice! What's even nicer is there are books for all grade levels and students even make suggestions for titles they'd like to see available. Funding for the vending machine came from community support through donations and grants.
Lucy Williamson was the first student to use the machine. The sixth grader said she can see the growing excitement of her fellows and she looks forward to getting even more books. “This has some different books that the library doesn't have and I'm able to keep the book longer because it's mine so I have more time to read it，” Lucy said. She also shared that she rereads books often, so being able to choose a book that she can take home is a real plus.
Beyond reading, the vending machine has also encouraged students to behave better. And when a student gets a coin everyone celebrates the win. “The students are thrilled when they are the students who get the coin that week. They come down here and other students cheer for them，” Kristy said.
We're cheering for them, too! This is such a unique way to motivate students. Reading is so fundamental that it really serves as the foundation for all other learning. This vending machine is just one way to help students succeed.
1．What does the underlined word “literacy” in Paragraph 1 mean
A．Communication skills.
B．Academic performance.
C．Professional knowledge.
D．Reading and writing ability.
2．What can we know about the vending machine
A．It charges students for the special coins.
B．It encourages students' positive growth.
C．It turns a blind eye to students' proposals.
D．It aims to raise money for local community.
3．Why did Lucy commit herself to using the vending machine
A．To enrich her extra curricular life.
B．To escape from the school library.
C．To enjoy selecting and rereading books.
D．To gain respect and praise from her fellows.
4．Which is the suitable title for the text
A．Kristy White: A Creative Reading Teacher
B．Lucy Williamson: A Model Pupil at School
C．A Unique Way to Inspire Students to Read
D．The Importance of Offering Reading Courses
B
2023·三明一中月考 记叙文 341词 ★★☆☆☆
“I saw it first，” Amy said, as she ripped the old leather wallet out of Charlie's hands. Without saying a word, as if they both understood that this was a secret they didn't want to share with anyone, they slipped into the alley, where no one could see them look inside.
“There's got to be a million dollars here！” Charlie blurted out, when they saw the pile of hundred dollar bills. Amy, the more realistic of the two, did a quick estimate, thumbing through the wad of cash. “More like thousands，” she said, her voice shaking in disbelief.
They'd found the wallet in a flowerbed by the sidewalk, when Charlie dropped his cell phone while he was trying to talk and eat a slice of pepperoni pizza at the same time. Amy stuffed the wallet into her backpack and pulled Charlie along by his elbow toward her house. As they rushed toward Viceroy Avenue, they talked excitedly about what they could do with the money buy gifts for parents and friends, get new clothes, travel to the rainforest in Costa Rica, and adopt a whale. It looked like all of their dreams would come true. For the last block, however, they didn't talk. Each began to suspect that the other one was silently adding to the list of things they could buy.
They finally reached Amy's house, but instead of going inside, they walked around the house to the back porch. They opened the wallet and counted the money into piles of ten. The total was $2400 more money than either of them had ever seen. Then they both started talking at once. Who lost it Their moods shifted, sinking from the high of being rich for fifteen minutes to resigning themselves to what they must do next. In the wallet's clear plastic compartment, there was a driver's license. They knew what they had to do. Although they would lose their newly found treasure, in a way, they felt relieved.
5．Where did Amy and Charlie find the wallet
A．In an alley.
B．In a backpack.
C．On the sidewalk.
D．Among some flowers.
6．In Paragraph 2, why was Amy's voice shaking
A．She was afraid that they would be seen by others.
B．She was disappointed there wasn't a million dollars.
C．She was fearful that Charlie would tell someone else.
D．She felt nervous because she'd never seen so much money.
7．How did the children's mood changed on their way to Amy's house
A．From happy to angry.
B．From relieved to worried.
C．From excited to skeptical.
D．From nervous to disappointed.
8．What did the children decide to do at the end of the story
A．To keep the money a secret from others.
B．To return the wallet to its rightful owner.
C．To put the wallet back where they found it.
D．To buy many different things with the money.
黄金考点
语法填空——形容词、副词
考点44 充当表语用形容词
考例 I'm ________ (surely) you'll have a good time.
点拨 am是系动词，后接形容词作表语， 故应填sure。此句是“I'm sure＋that从句”，其中that可省略。
考点45 修饰全句充当状语用副词
考例 ________ (immediate), I raised my hand.
点拨 表示“立刻”，在句中作状语，应用副词；位于句首，首字母要大写。故应填Immediately。
考点46 修饰谓语动词充当状语用副词
考例 Instead, he hopes that his business will grow ________ (steady).
点拨 修饰谓语动词grow，表示“稳步地”，应用副词，应填steadily。注意“grow＋形容词”与“grow＋副词”是grow的两种不同用法。前者用作系动词，而后者用作实意动词。练习13 阅读理解＋读后续写
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
2023·合肥高三质检 说明文 310词 ★★★☆☆
Honeybees understand that “nothing” can be “something” that has numerical meaning, showing that they have a primitive grasp of the concept of zero, according to a newly published study in Science.
Previous experiments have shown that honeybees have some facility for numbers, because they were able to count landmarks (地标) as they searched around for a sweet reward. But in these tests, the insects couldn't count very high—only to about four. Still, that made researchers in Australia and France want to explore what else the bees could do with numbers.
Scarlett Howard at RMIT University in Melbourne attracted bees to a wall where they were presented with two square cards. Each card had a different number of black symbols, such as dots or triangles. Howard trained one group of bees to understand that sugar water would always be located under the card with the least number of symbols. “They could come and see two circles versus (与……相对) three circles, or four triangles versus one triangle，” she explains. The bees quickly learned to fly to the card with the fewest symbols.
But then they got another test. The researchers presented the bees with a card that had a single symbol and a blank card. The bees seemed to understand that “zero” was less than one, because they flew toward the blank card more often than expected if they were choosing at random. “When we showed them zero versus six, they did that at a much higher level than zero versus one，” Howard says. “So what that tells us is that they consider zero as an actual quantity along the number line.”
Aurore Avarguès Weber, a researcher from the University of Toulouse, points out even very young children have trouble understanding that zero is a number. “It's easy for them to count one, two, three, four, but zero, it's not something to count，” she explains. What's more, the brains of bees are incredibly tiny brains compared with the brains of humans, scientist Nieder notes. Even so, the bees can understand the abstract concept of an empty set and he says he found that very surprising.
1．What did the earlier studies find about bees
A．They could fly higher than expected.
B．They could understand some numbers.
C．They could remember a reward well.
D．They could explore local landmarks.
2．What did bees learn to do in Howard's first test
A．Distinguish circles from triangles.
B．Draw various symbols on the cards.
C．Identify the smaller of the two numbers.
D．Locate sugar water with symbol shapes.
3．Why did bees fly to the blank card more frequently
A.They were told the location of the reward.
B．They chose to do it thoroughly by chance.
C．They preferred the card with nothing on it.
D．They thought of zero as an actual number.
4．Why are young children mentioned in the last paragraph
A．To argue that bees have a surprising memory.
B.To show that bees' gifts for numbers are amazing.
C.To explain that bees learn as well as young children.
D.To confirm that bees are smarter than young children.
B
2023·福州高三质检 议论文 329词 ★★★☆☆
In August, Jason M. Allen's piece “Théatre D'opéra Spatial”—which he created with AI image generator Midjourney—won first place in the emerging artist division's “digital arts photography” category at the Colorado State Fair Fine Arts Competition. The definition for the category states that digital art refers to works that use “digital technology as part of the creative process”．
Allen's award winning image has led to debates about what, exactly, it means to be an artist and whether AI can truly make art. “It feels bad for the exact same reason we don't let robots participate in the Olympics，” one netizen wrote. “This is the literal definition of pressing a few buttons to make a digital art ‘piece’，” another wrote.
Yet while Allen didn't use a paintbrush, there was plenty of work involved. First, Allen played around with phrasing that led Midjourney to generate images of women in elegant dresses and space helmets, in an attempt to mix Victorian style costuming with space themes. Over time, with many slight changes to his written prompt (提示符), he created 900 different versions of what led to his final image. Then he improved its resolution through Gigapixel AI and finally had the images printed.
Allen is glad the debate over whether AI can be used to make art is attracting so much attention. “Rather than hating on the technology, we need to recognize that it's a powerful tool and use it for good so we can all move forward，” Allen said.
Cal Duran, one of the judges for the competition, said that while Allen's piece included a mention of AI, he didn't realize that when judging it. Still, he stuck by his decision to award it first place. “I think the AI technology may give more opportunities to people who may not find themselves artists in the conventional way，” he said.
5．Why has Allen's work led to debates
A．It was a copy of a photograph.
B．He challenged the older artists.
C．It was created with the help of AI.
D．He broke the rule of the competition.
6．What can best describe Allen's creating process
A．Cooperative.
B．Energy consuming.
C．Straightforward.
D．Imagination lacking.
7．What can we learn about AI from the last paragraph
A．It is a double edged sword.
B．It attracts conventional artists.
C．It strikes art judges as no surprise.
D．It may open a new world to artists.
8．What is the text mainly about
A．A trend to be AI artists.
B．An AI generated art contest.
C．Responses to a winning AI artwork.
D．Curiosity about an image generator.
Ⅱ.读后续写
[2023·昆明市高三质量检测]阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The first time we set eyes on the “Big Red”， Dad, Mom and I were on our way home. As we passed the Eaton's department store's window, we stopped as usual to have a look and buy something that we wanted.
The beautifully decorated window display held the best toys ever. There were dolls much too pretty to play with. And they all lay beneath a surprisingly fantastic dress. Mom's eyes were glued to its shining red satin(缎子).
“My goodness，” she whispered. “Look at that！” Then, Mom looked down at her own coat—she had worn the heavy grey wool coat every winter for as long as I could remember. Mom was forever doing chores—doing laundry, tending the pigs and working in the garden— so she always wore housedresses and an apron (围裙) to protect the front. Also, she managed to make almost all of our clothes. They weren't fancy, but they were comfortable.
“What a silly dress！” She shook her head. “Who on earth would want such a big dress？” As we continued down the street, Mom turned her head for one more look. “My goodness! You'd think they'd display something a person could use！”
Mother's Day was nearing, and the red dress was soon forgotten. Mother, of all people, was not one to spend money on items that were not practical. “There are things we need more than this.” She'd always say. Choosing a gift for Mother's Day for her was quite hard. When Dad and I asked, she thought carefully and then asked for some tea towels, facecloths or a new basin.
On our last trip to town before Mother's Day, we were driving up Main Street when Mom suddenly shouted in surprise: “Look！” She pointed excitedly as Dad drove past Eaton's. “That big red dress is gone，” she said in disbelief. “Who'd be fool enough to buy such a dress？” Mom questioned, shaking her head. I was almost certain that I noticed a trace of longing (一点渴望) in her voice.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
On the morning of Mother's Day, Mom got a large box that read “Eaton's Finest Basin” on its wrapping paper.________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
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“Oh Frank...” She choked up and couldn't say a word, tears welling up in her eyes.________________________________________________________________________
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________________________________________________________________________练习41 语法填空＋七选五＋完形填空
Ⅰ.语法填空
2023·四川高考 说明文 219词 ★★★☆☆
The government has awarded $5 million to three different local nonprofit organizations. The money will 1.________ (distribute) over a four year period and is aimed at helping approximately 1，000 homeless people in the county of Arvada.
One agency, 2.________ (base) in Woodbridge, is expected 3.________ (receive) $1.5 million. The agency director says that they will focus their resources on 4.________ (educate) the homeless.“We will probably build another school home with this money，” he said. A school home is exactly 5.________ it sounds like. It is a school and a home. We have already built four school homes throughout the county. We get the homeless off the street, 6.________ we educate them so they don't have to return to the street. We teach them how to be gardeners, painters, carpenters, bricklayers, electricians, and air conditioning repairmen.
“You wouldn't believe 7.________ success that we have had. In fact, a couple of weeks ago, our office air conditioning went off. My secretary called a repairman. To our surprise, the repairman 8.________ (be) one of our first homeless students. He now owns his own air conditioning business, plus two houses, two cars and a boat! He has a dozen employees. He's doing better than I am. He fixed our air conditioning 9.________ free. I think I might sign up for the air conditioning class 10.________ (I).”
Ⅱ.七选五
2023·八省联考 说明文 310词 ★★★☆☆
Apps (short for applications) are becoming increasingly popular nowadays, and for good reason. They can help you out in just about every area of your life, whether it's keeping fit, communicating with friends, or even learning a language. __1__ Here's what you should think about before downloading an app for language learning.
·Learn from diverse sources (not just apps)
Any seasoned language learner will tell you that the beauty of mastering a foreign language is the world which it opens up to you. This is a world of diverse sources (来源) of information, from newspapers and books to TV, radio, music and even real people. Would you limit yourself to one medium in your native language __2__
·Establish your purpose and plan your habits
Do you want to be fluent in weeks or are you in it for the brain training The good apps are designed to help you fit your studies around your timetable. __3__ These apps encourage habit building, because the successful formation of a habit ensures your safe and regular return.
·Make it social
__4__ I mean social for real. I owe the speed of progress I made in Italian to the support from Jim, my partner in study time. Find a friend to accompany you. Take an evening class. Borrow a book. Buy a book. Book a week away and attend a language school. Just don't forget your phone!
If I may speak sincerely, the combination of app, language school, Jim, evenings out, and a choice book or two proved extremely effective. __5__
A．I recommend it.
B．Remember that an app is just a tool.
C．No, I don't mean posting your progress online.
D．I encourage you to use apps as often as you can.
E．Probably not, so why do so in your new language
F．The best apps adapt themselves based upon your behavior.
G．However, you need to know how to use them properly to really benefit.
Ⅲ.完形填空
2023·湖北黄冈调研 记叙文 254词 ★★★☆☆
As a kid, I remember that whenever my dad was repairing something, he would ask me to hold the hammer, so we'd have time to talk with each other.
When I left for college, my dad would __1__ me every Sunday morning. Years later, when I bought a house, my dad __2__ it in the summer heat. All he asked me to do was to __3__ his brush and talk to him. But I was too __4__ those days to talk with him.
Four years ago, there was a time when my dad was putting together a swing set for my daughter. He asked me to bring him a cup of tea and have a __5__ with him, but I had to prepare for a trip that weekend.
One Sunday morning we were talking on the phone __6__， and I noticed my dad had __7__ some things we discussed recently. I was in a hurry, so our conversation was __8__. Later that day came a call. My father had had an aneurysm (动脉瘤) and was in the hospital. __9__ I flew back and on my way I was thinking about all the __10__ opportunities to talk with my dad.
By the time I arrived, my father had __11__. Then it was he who didn't have time for a(n) __12__ with me. After his death I __13__ much more about him. All he __14__ was only my time. And now I have __15__ that nothing is more important than my company with my dear parents.
1．A.witness B．call
C．instruct D．discover
2．A.painted B．visited
C．repaired D．tidied
3．A.find B．hold
C．bring D．clean
4．A.upset B．happy
C．busy D．disappointed
5．A.talk B．meal
C．game D．walk
6．A.on time B．all the time
C．as well D．as usual
7．A.understood B．promoted
C．remembered D．forgotten
8．A.joyful B．annoying
C．short D．delayed
9．A.Suddenly B．Immediately
C．Personally D．Fortunately
10．A.missed B．valuable
C．rare D．good
11．A.passed by B．passed away
C．died out D．set off
12．A.laugh B．trip
C．adventure D．conversation
13．A.complained B．learned
C．cared D．guessed
14．A.commanded B．expressed
C．requested D．reminded
15．A.concerned B．ignored
C．conquered D．recognized
答题策略
语法填空——定语从句
先行词的四种情况 可选择的关系词
指人 who/that, whom, whose
指物 that, which, whose, when, why, where
指人和物 that
无先行词(指代主句全句) as, which
关系词 在从句中可作的成分
that, which, who 主语、宾语、表语
whom 宾语、表语
whose 定语
when, where, why 状语
关系词的判断步骤
①确定先行词的情况；②确定所填词在从句中的成分；③按照上边两个表格确定关系词 注意：只用that和只用which的情况
