人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册Unit 2 Iconic Attractions Review Useful Structures 课件(共41张PPT)

(共41张PPT)
The Past Participle
过去分词
谓语和非谓语
动
词
谓语动词
非谓语动词
连系动词am is are was were sound seem get turn
实义动词/行为动词(vt./vi)
run sing learn say write
助动词
do does did have has will
情态动词
can may must need dare
不定式to do
现在分词V-ing
过去分词V-ed
什么时候用非谓语呢？
一个句子当中，已经存在一个句子（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。
She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.
She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat.
及物动词的过去分词作定语往往表示被动和完成
a used stamp 一枚用过的邮票
a polluted river 一条被污染的河流
过去分词的意义
不及物动词只表示完成, 不表示被动
fallen leaves 落叶
the risen sun 升起来的太阳
过去分词的意义
[即学即练1]
判断下列过去分词属于哪一种用法。
A．只表示被动　　　 B．只表示完成
C．既表示被动又表示完成
①He is a man liked by all of us. ___
②He enjoys drinking boiled water. ___
③Those chosen as team members must be here at 7 a．m.tomorrow. ___
A
B
C
过去分词在句子中可以充当什么成分？
1.作定语（attribute)
3.作表语(predicative)
2. 作状语(adverbial)
过去分词
4.作宾补(object complement)
过去分词作定语
二、过去分词(短语)的句法功能
(一)过去分词(短语)作定语
1．过去分词(短语)作定语的位置
(1)单个的过去分词：一般情况下，单个的过去分词作前置定语，即放在所修饰词之前。但有时为了表示强调，也可放在所修饰词之后。
A watched pot never boils.心急锅不开。(名词前)
Money spent is more than money earned.花的钱比挣的钱多。(名词后)
(2)过去分词短语：过去分词短语往往作后置定语，即放在所修饰词之后。
This will be the best novel of its kind ever written.
这本小说将是这类小说中写得最好的。(名词后)
This is the soldier wounded in the battle.
这就是在战场上受伤的战士。(名词后)
2．过去分词(短语)作定语时扩展成句
过去分词及过去分词短语作定语时，一般均可以转换为一个定语从句。
The lost time can never be found again.
(＝The time which is lost can never be found again.)
失去的时间永远也找不回来。
The suggestion sent to the committee was adopted.
(＝The suggestion which had been sent to the committee was adopted.)
呈送给委员会的建议被采纳了。
The girl dressed in skirt is my idol.
穿裙子的那个女孩是我的偶像。
=The student who is dressed in skirt is my idol.
将过去分词短语作定语转换为一个定语从句
The man __________________ is Yuan Longping.
这个被很多人喜爱的人叫做袁隆平。
=The man _____ _____ ______ by many people is Yao Ming.
loved by many people
who is loved
过去分词短语作定语时，一般置于其修饰的名词之____，其作用相当于一个_________。
后
定语从句
将过去分词短语作定语转换为一个定语从句
现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别
the fallen leaves
the falling leaves
现在分词（V-ing） 表动作正在进行, 过去分词V-ed 表动作已经完成。
the boiled water
正在沸腾的水
烧开过的水
the boiling water
落叶
正在掉落的叶子
练习
1.The book, (write) by Lu Xun is very famous.
2.a (develop) country 发达国家
a (develop) country 发展中国家
3.The boy (play) basketball is my cousin.
4. The picture (draw) by me is old.
developed
written
developing
playing
drawn
过去分词作状语
1.过去分词作条件状语时，可转换为if, once或unless等引导的条件状语从句。
If I am given a time machine , I will pay a visit to the future.
= given a time machine, I will pay a visit to the future.
If
过去分词作条件状语
过去分词(短语)作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等，在作用上相当于相应的状语从句。
2.过去分词作原因状语
过去分词作原因状语时，可转换为由since, because或as引导的原因状语从句，这类状语多放在句子的前半部分。
Because he was exhausted, he fell fast asleep.
= exhausted, he fell fast asleep.
、
Because
过去分词作原因状语
3.过去分词作时间状语
过去分词作时间状语时，相当于时间状语从句。可在过去分词前加上连词 “when, while, until” 等，使其时间意义更明确。
When water is heated, water turns into steam.
= heated, water turns into steam.
When
过去分词作时间状语
4.过去分词做让步状语
过去分词作让步状语时，相当于一个以though/although引导的让步状语从句。
Although he was laughed at by others, he still smiles at life.
= laughed at by others, he still smiles at life.
Although
过去分词作让步状语
5.过去分词做伴随状语
过去分词作方式或伴随状语时，通常不能转换为状语从句，但可用并列分句代替。
The girl left, and she was followed by a little dog.
= The girl left, followed by a little dog.
过去分词作方式或伴随状语
注意
1.过去分词(短语)作状语时, 分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语要一致。
Caught, the thief will be punished by the police. (caught的逻辑主语为the thief)
小偷如果被抓, 就会受到警方的处罚。
2.有些过去分词已形容词化, 作状语时表示人的状态。常见的有satisfied, surprised, interested, moved, worried, pleased, disappointed等。
Disappointed at the examination results, the girl stood there without saying a word.
因为对考试结果很失望, 小女孩站在那里一句话也没说。
过去分词作表语
过去分词作表语位于系动词(如be, get, become, look, feel, seem等)之后, 多表示主语的状态或状况, 它所体现的是形容词的特性。
She looks disappointed.
她看上去很失望。
We were encouraged at the news.
听到这个消息我们很受鼓舞。
常见的作表语的过去分词有:
amused (愉快的)；astonished (吃惊的)； delighted (高兴的)； lost (丢失的)； disappointed (失望的)；worried (担忧的)；
过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别
3．过去分词作表语时，强调主语所处的状态；动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。
The cup is broken.杯子碎了。(强调杯子的状态)
The cup was broken by Jim.杯子是吉姆打破的。(强调动作)
[即学即练3]
单句语法填空
①In April，thousands of holidaymakers remained (stick) abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.
stuck
②She said that our teacher was ________ (satisfy) with our performances.
③The weather this summer is _____________ (disappoint).
④You must follow the directions exactly and if you become ________ (confuse)，you must take the time to go back again and reread them.
satisfied
disappointing
confused
过去分词作宾语补足语
带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：
某些及物动词（如make等）
+
直接宾语（名词或代词）
+
宾语补足语
Everyone calls him
(宾语)
(宾补)
(主语)
(谓语)
Tom.
什么是宾语补足语？
宾语补足语一般放在宾语_________, 对宾语起____________的作用。
之后
补充说明
过去分词作宾语补足语，表示______ 或______ 的意义，有时候两者兼而有之。
被动
完成
He found his new bike______.(steal)
stolen
几类能够接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词(短语)
1．感官动词see，hear，notice，observe，watch，feel意为看到/听到…某人或某物被……等及表示心理状态的动词find，consider，think，suppose等后。
I saw him _______ by a dog. (bite)
bitten
几类能够接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词(短语)
2．使役动词have，get，make，leave，keep等后表示使/ 让 …” 。
Jack had his hair _______ yesterday. (cut)
cut
I raised my voice to make myself _______. (hear)
heard
几类能够接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词(短语)
2．使役动词have，get，make，leave，keep等后表示使/ 让 …” 。
【名师点津】“have+宾语+过去分词”的三种含义
(1)表示“让某人做某事”
I’ll have my hair cut tomorrow.
明天我要去理发。
(2)表示“遭遇某种不幸; 受到打击”
He had his wallet stolen. 他的钱包被偷了。
(3)做某事(主语可能参与其中)
I had my house repaired last week.
上周, 我修补了房子。
He won’t like the problem _____________ at the meeting. (discuss）
discussed
The father wants his daughter （teach）dancing.
taught
过去分词用于表示“____________”等意义的词后， 如：_______________________等,表示______________________。
希望,愿望或要求
want, wish, like, expect, order
“希望/要求某人或某事被做”
几类能够接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词(短语)
[即学即练4]
(1)单句语法填空
①I heard my name _______ (call) in the street.
②He tried to make himself ____________ (understand) by his students in class.
③He wanted his name ________ (include) in the list.
called
understood
included
(2)完成句子
④在驾车进城之前，你必须把你的车洗了。
Before driving into the city，you are required to _________________
________.
⑤这个男孩在踢球时摔断了腿。
The boy ________________ while playing football.
get/have your car
washed
had his leg broken
总结
Thank you