郑州外国语学校2023-2024学年高一下期期中考试试卷
英语
(120分钟 150分）
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What class will Charles choose
A. The Geography class. B. The Science class. C. The Literature class.
2. Why does the woman call the man
A. To place an order. B. To make a complaint. C. To arrange a delivery date.
3 What day is it today
A. Saturday. B. Sunday. C. Monday.
4. Where will the speakers probably meet the woman's mother
A. At the farm house. B. At the hotel cafe. C. At the restaurant.
5. What does the woman mean
A. She wishes to take up the position.
B. She is used to working over the weekends.
C. She is hesitant to take over the responsibility.
第二节 （共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What kind of room did the man book
A. A single room. B. A presidential suite. C. A double room.
7. How does the hotel deal with the mixup
A. They give Charles his reserved room.
B. They allow Charles a generous discount.
C. They offer Charles the suite for no extra charge.
听第7段材料，回答第8至 10题。
8. What is the probable relationship between the speakers
A. Salesman and customer. B. Fellow workers. C. Teacher and student.
9. What does the man suggest the woman do
A. Find another pleasant job.
B. Devote herself to the present job.
C. Return to college for self-improvement.
10. How does the woman sound
A. Unconfident. B. Impatient. C. Disappointed.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. What does the man do
A. A doctor. B. A teacher. C. A musician.
12. Why did the man drop out of college
A. He got tired of schooling.
B. He lost his mother to cancer.
C. He wanted to get on-the-job training.
13. What do we know about Raphael
A. He was open-minded.
B. He was a strict teacher.
C. He started a Chinese music group.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. Where does the dialogue happen
A. At the customs office. B. At the airport. C. At a delivery station.
15. What does the man want to deliver
A. Some books. B. Some brochures. C. Some DVDs.
16. How much should the man pay if he uses International Signed For
A. 9.50. B. 10.50. C. 11.50.
17. How will the man deliver his package
A. By surface mail. B. By airmail. C. By Air Sure.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. How soon will the speaker get her novel published
A. In two months. B. In three months. C. In eight months.
19. What led the speaker to switch her major in university
A. The poor job prospect as a reporter.
B. Her lasting passion for fiction-writing.
C. The heavy pressure from the professor.
20. What does the speaker mainly talk about
A. Her writing experiences. B. Her childhood hobby. C. Her working career.
第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、和D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Discovery Pass
With a NSW TrainLink Discovery Pass, you can
get unlimited booked travel to more than 365 destinations on the NSW TrainLink Regional train and coach network
choose a pass that suits your travel plans: 14 days, one month, three months or six months
choose a class of travel that suits your style: Economy or First Class (Premium).
Please note that you cannot book a child ticket online with a Discovery Pass. You will instead need to call 13 22 32 or visit a sales agent.
Before purchasing a pass, please read the relevant terms and rules. A NSW TrainLink Discovery Pass is non-refundable and it cannot be assigned to another person.
Prices
Pass type 14 days 1 month 3 months 6 months
Adult Economy $232 $275 $298 $420
Adult Premium $300 $350 $400 $550
Child Economy $121 $143 $154 $220
Child Premium $154 $176 $220 $275
How to purchase a pass and book trips
Step 1: Purchase a Discovery Pass
Choose a time limit and class of travel that suits your needs.
Step 2: Book your trips
After you purchase a Discovery Pass, you have up to one month to book your first trip. The time limit on your pass will start from the departure date of your first booked trip. All trips must be booked and taken before the expiry (到期) date indicated on the pass. You must book each trip before you travel.
Find out more about ways to book your ticket Visit our website:
https: /transportnsw.info/tickets-opal/regional-tickets-fares/ways-to-book-your-ticket
1. You can use a NSW TrainLink Discovery Pass to ______.
A. book a child ticket online B. choose a class of travel that suits you
C. choose a weekly, monthly or yearly pass D. get booked travel to unlimited destinations
2. If a mother with a child wants to buy a one-month NSW TrainLink Discovery Pass for Economy Class, she should pay .
A. $353 B. $418 C. $693 D. $876
3. What can we know about a NSW TrainLink Discovery Pass
A. A pass can be given to another person.
B. A pass can be refunded to NSW Trains.
C. The time limit on a pass starts from the day of your purchase.
D. You should book your first trip within one month after your purchase.
B
I was the only kid in college with a reason to go to the mail box, because my mother never believed in email, or cell phones in general. I was literally waiting to get a letter to see how the weekend had gone, which was usually the warmest comfort for me.
So when I moved to New York and got sucker-punched in the face by depression, I did the only thing I could think of — writing letters like my mother for strangers. I blogged about those letters and crazily promised I would write you a hand-written letter if asked to.
Overnight, my inbox became this harbor of heartbreak — a single mother in Sacramento, a girl being bullied (恐吓) in rural Kansas…, all asking me to write them a letter and give them a reason to wait by the mailbox. And this is how the act The World Needs More Love Letters was born, fueled by those trips to the mailbox. But the thing about these letters is that most of them have been written by people, who have grown up into a paperless world where some best conversations happen swiftly on a screen.
I’ve been carrying this mail crate (大木箱) with me these days, which is a magical icebreaker. So I get to tell total strangers about a woman whose husband was traumatized (受精神创伤) from war in Afghanistan, and how she left love letters throughout the house as a way to say, “Come back to me.” And the man, who had decided to take his life, tonight slept safely with letters just beneath his pillow, handwritten by strangers who were there for him.
These are the kinds of stories that convince me that letter-writing will always be needed, even in these days, because it is an art now.
4. What is the first paragraph mainly about
A. The efficiency of write letters.
B. The author’s care for her family.
C. The author’s attachment to letters.
D. The author’s love for the college life.
5. What inspired the author to launch the act
A. The letters’ comforting effect on people.
B. Her intention of providing professional aid.
C. The positive influence of modern technology.
D. Her mother’s fear of modern communication.
6. Why does the author call the mail crate “a magical icebreaker”
A. It is capable of doing magic tricks.
B. It starts a conversation with passers-by.
C. It helps people to recover from traumas.
D. It is hot enough to melt ice on a cold day.
7. What is the best title for the passage
A. Love for Writing
B. Priceless Family Letters
C. Love Letters to Strangers
D The Art of Writing Letters
C
Research found that when people saw others in their herd (群体) hesitating before making a choice, they were about twice as likely to break from the group and make a different choice.
The findings have meanings for group behaviour in finance, fashion—any situation where there might be herd behaviour, Krajbich said. “Even if it appears at first that everyone is following the same trend, hesitation may show that they are not all on the same page,” he said.
The research studied 72 college students. They participated in groups of eight. When their predecessor (前任) responded slowly, participants chose against the herd about 66% of the time, compared to only 33% of the time when their predecessor chose quickly. In cases where the group was making the wrong decision, this often led people to break from the herd and make the correct choice, he said.
“A couple of bad decisions at the beginning can lead everyone to the wrong road. That’s the herd behaviour,” Krajbich said. “But what we found is that if people can see the hesitation in others’ choices, that can help them break the chain and change the course of the herd.”
Fast decisions by others can consolidate one’s own belief. For example, if a person sees their friends quickly choose to get a vaccine for COVID-19, that may make them more comfortable making the same choice, Krajbich said. If friends hesitate before getting a vaccine—even if they eventually get one—that may make a person less sure about whether to get the shot, he said.
Krajbich said the findings in the research aren’t necessary a universal rule. There may be some decisions for which taking longer to choose could indicate a more thoughtful choice. “It will be important to figure out when fast decisions signal confidence or when instead they signal thoughtlessness,” he said.
8. What will people probably do when seeing others in their herd hesitate
A. Stop and see. B. Criticise the trend. C. Adopt other options. D. Follow the majority.
9. What can be concluded from the research
A. A wrong beginning leads to a wrong road.
B. Predecessors help speed up decision making.
C. People tend to choose against the herd without hesitation.
D. Hesitation in others’ choices helps when the majority is wrong.
10. What does the underlined word mean in the fifth paragraph
A Strengthen. B. Challenge. C. Weaken. D. Change.
11. Why do some people make fast decisions according to Krajbich
A. They may lack confidence. B. They are persuaded by friends.
C. They are affected by COVID-19. D. They may act without due consideration.
D
It’s commonly acknowledged that our lives are ruled by algorithms (算法), but have we really collectively understood how they have transformed our culture and personality
In Filterworld: How algorithms flattened culture, Kyle Chayka argues convincingly that the rise of algorithm-driven feeds, used everywhere online from Instagram to Spotify, has led to a more uniform culture. Our tastes and desires increasingly don’t belong to us, but to algorithms that are designed to keep people engaged at all costs. If the collection of our tastes truly shapes our entire personality, then this loss is more psychologically damaging than it first appears. Aimlessly scrolling (滚屏) through Netflix or TikTok may seem harmless, but over days, months or years, we lose touch with what we like and enjoy.
Taste-making algorithms are inescapable. Chayka shows this by working through all corners of life: what we wear(TikTok), where we eat(Google Maps), music we listen to(Spotify), even who we date or marry(Tinder). This universe of algorithm-driven decisions has society-wide implications: “It extends to influence our physical spaces, our cities, and the routes we move through…flattening them in turn.” No one gets out of the Filterworld untouched.
If you’re lucky enough not to need any sort of algorithm-based system for your work, then you have the option to step back from algorithms for a while. But if your friend suggests a film recommended on X/Twitter or you feel the need to buy those shoes suddenly everyone has started wearing after social media advertisements, what are you to do It all feels fruitless.
This Filterworld may be inescapable, but there is hope. You can start by engaging more with the media you do choose to consume. This could mean reading up about a film you watched or paying artists you like directly. Even the thoughtful act of recommending an album (专辑) to a friend is more rewarding than a random TikTok feed. As Chayka says, resistance to algorithms “requires an act of willpower, a choice to move through the world in a different way.”
12. What is Kyle Chayka’s opinion on algorithms
A. They improve our tastes. B. They make our culture more alike.
C. They help to identify our personality. D. They contribute to psychological problems.
13. What does the underlined part in paragraph 3 refer to
A. The society with advanced technology. B. The world without social media platforms.
C. The network of algorithm-driven decisions. D. The community free from algorithmic influence.
14. Which of the following is a way to resist the impact of algorithms
A. Limiting the use of social media platforms. B. Making choices based on friends’ suggestions.
C. Getting more involved with the selected media. D. Disconnecting from social media advertisements.
15. What is the best title for the text
A. Algorithms: Cultural Takeover B. The Secret of Algorithms
C. Social Media: Cultural Messenger D. The Rise of Digital Platforms
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
It’s no secret that reading good news feels a lot better than reading bad news. Like, would you rather bite into a lemon, or sip on a fresh glass of lemonade
___16___The world is full of problems and conflicts and we need to stay informed and alert (警觉的) to what’s going on around us. While reading traditional, more negative news is important, consuming good news is also part of staying informed. ____17____And it also brings meaningful benefits, like reduced stress and anxiety, higher rates of engagement, community building skills, and inspiration for creating a better world. Plus, knowing what to look for in the good news landscape is a key part of improving our media literacy skills and being thoughtful news consumers.
In fact, good news, known as solutions journalism, is becoming more popular, as publishers and news stations discover the benefits of sharing positive stories. Good Good Good is one of them. ____18____ A team of reporters and editors there work daily to deliver stories that make readers feel hopeful and equipped to do more good with possible solutions.
“If it bleeds, it leads.” has long been a saying used in the media to describe how news stories about violence, death and destruction draw readers’ attention. ____19____ The thing is, however, there’s also good stuff out there—the delightful and kind parts of humanity. “Beautiful stories are happening worldwide.____20____When you do find them, the world can suddenly feel like a very different place. Good news is a vital part of how we learn about the world and solving the world’s problems.” Hervey, one of Good Good Good’s editors said.
A. Share good news with people around you.
B. It’s just that we don’t hear as much about them.
C. But the “bad news” has its place in the world.
D. It provides a more balanced view of the world.
E. And so, negative news stories are everywhere on news media.
F. Heartwarming stories make you cry and feel good.
G. The news media company is devoted to providing good news intentionally.
第三部分语言运用 （共三节，满分45分）
第一节 完形填空 （共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
It was a sunny Sunday afternoon. My husband was taking care of our baby girl so that my six-year-old and I could do some yard work, just the two of us. It was sure to be ____21____. But soon, the clouds of mosquitos seemed ____22____ to our bug spray (喷雾). I was sweating, itchy (痒的), and arguing with my son about how to ____23____ weeds. I had told him the “right” way—getting those weeds out from the bottom, by the roots, ____24____ them entirely.
However, my son went about things in his own way. He pulled the ____25____ of the weeds off, moving quickly down the line as he left the remaining part still in the soil. Somehow, I found this to be incredibly ____26____. Why couldn’t he do it in my way and save me the time of having to ____27____ his share Why did he do it at all if he wasn’t going to do it properly
“If you would do as told, we’d be done earlier and promised a longer period ____28____ we would have to return and pull weeds next time,” I said, trying to keep my tone ____29____.
“But people do things…_____30_____, Mom,” he said innocently.
My fire soon faded, replaced by the _____31_____ realization that I’d just received a valuable _____32_____ from the person that I was supposed to be teaching. While trying to _____33_____ my baby girl, my kindergartener, and the yard work, _____34_____ was a lifeline for me. But my way was, perhaps, not the best way after all. His time shouldn’t be _____35_____. His job was to be a kid and take his time, for as long as he was able.
21. A. relaxing B. disturbing C. urgent D. tough
22. A. sensitive B. resistant C. harmful D. addicted
23. A. feed B. raise C. tend D. pull
24. A. removing B. packing C. covering D. preserving
25. A. roots B. fibres C. tops D. seeds
26. A. effective B. innovative C. annoying D. confusing
27. A. recycle B. redo C. identify D. ignore
28. A. unless B. so C. since D. before
29. A. confident B. curious C. light D. loud
30. A. differently B. separately C. hurriedly D. honestly
31. A. depressing B. humbling C. mistaken D. temporary
32 A. behavior B. warning C. reminder D. review
33. A. compare B. defend C. influence D. balance
34. A. efficiency B. concentration C. discipline D. quality
35. A. run out of B. set limits to C. made up for D. kept pace with
第二节 单项选择 （共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分）
36. Mendoza, a famous but extravagant prizefighter, was sent to prison for failing to pay his debts and died in ______ in 1836.
A. popularity B. panic C. poverty D. potential
37 The curtain went up on the final act of the play and ______ the aristocrat sitting alone behind bars in his dark cell.
A. disguised B. revealed C. proceeded D. appealed
38. We often read in novels how a seemingly ______ person or family has some terrible secret which has been concealed from strangers for years.
A. respective B. repulsive C. reluctant D. respectable
39. ______ around 4500 years ago, the Great Pyramids of Giza have stood for centuries ______ out over the desert.
A. Building; looking B. Built; looking C. Building; looked D. Built; looked
40. My grandmother was really ______ and spent hours ______ me stories that she had made up.
A. imaginary; tell B. imaginative; tell C. imaginary; telling D. imaginative; telling
41. ______ to lose is one of life’s most important lessons and there’s no point ______a tantrum if you lose.
A. Learn; to have B. Learning; having C. Learn; having D. Learning; to have
42. There is a striking ______ between the cultures of East and West.
A. conspiracy B. drawback C. inscription D. contrast
43. When a bigger problem ______ at school, I tend to sleep on it and come back to it in the morning.
A. comes across B. comes to C. comes up D. comes over
44. The plane has been kept in service far longer than ______ intended.
A. originally B. basically C. incredibly D. literally
45. Sandra was determined to become a doctor and her persistence ______.
A. called off B. rushed off C. paid off D. took off
46. ______ remains to be seen ______ she will be fit enough to play in the finals.
A. What; that B. It; whether C. What; if D. That; whether
47. ______ to the crash say they saw an explosion just before the disaster.
A. Sponsors B. Critics C. Archaeologists D. Witnesses
48. She is a ______ teacher who always thinks what her students need.
A. sensible B. considerate C. suspicious D. considerable
49. Scientists ______ that they are making a major breakthrough in the fight against cancer.
A. claim B. convince C. detect D. deserve
50. With Information Age ______, we are exploring different approaches ______ teaching languages.
A. approaching; of B. approached; to C. approaching; to D. approached; of
第三节 语法填空 （共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China revealed ____51____ names of its upcoming manned lunar lander and new crew space-ship on Saturday. The lunar lander, ____52____ (name) Lanyue (Embracing the Moon), reflects China’s ambition for space exploration. The new crew spaceship is called Mengzhou (Dream Vessel), ____53____ (symbolize) the nation’s dream of lunar landing and space adventure. There will be two models of the Mengzhou — one ____54____ (use) to transport astronauts to the moon ____55____ the other will replace the current spaceship Shenzhou to ferry crew members between Earth and the Tiangong space station.
The names were chosen from nearly 2,000 public ____56____ (propose) by experts. The re-search and development of the Lanyue, the Mengzhou, and the Long March 10 carrier rocket are progressing well. China aims ____57____ (conduct) its first manned mission to the moon around 2030.
The Lanyue lunar lander will weigh ____58____ (near) 26 tons, accommodating two astronauts and a 200-kg rover. The Mengzhou spacecraft will consist of two major components — a reentry module ____59____ will house astronauts and serve as the control center and a service module containing power and propulsion systems. The vehicle will be nearly 9 meters _____60_____ length, 4.5 meters in diameter and weigh 22 metric tons.
第四部分 写作 （满分25分）
61. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I stood in the restaurant kitchen, my eyes wide, arms hanging awkwardly, ready to work but unsure of what to do. “You will be trained first,” my manager Aaron said, “and do remember to check every detail!” With these words, he walked away.
A workmate threw me a dish brush and said, “Let’s get started.” He introduced me to the basics of washing dishes and demonstrated the process. This was the beginning of my part-time job, a new stage where I was both eager to learn and anxious about the challenges ahead.
On a Friday night, Aaron swiftly entered the kitchen. “Who has just bused (收拾) the back right table ” he shouted, his voice sharp with urgency. My hands, slippery with bubbles from the bowl I was washing, nearly let it slip through my fingers. I wanted to say I was guilty, but Aaron’s cold stare didn’t promise a happy reward for the guy who admitted. Finally, a mix of fear and my own conscience pushed the response out of my mouth.
“I did, Aaron.”
“What were you thinking Get back out here and look at what you missed!” His words forced me forward. I grabbed a rag (抹布) and followed him out to table twenty-two. As we made our way through the restaurant, he said something about rags, but I didn’t hear clearly with other conversations going on around us.
I quickly realized the true issue was the mess beneath the table. A nearly full cup of beer had tipped over, creating a small lake on the floor. It was a significant mistake on my part. “Take care of it!” Aaron tuned and stormed off to the front of the restaurant.
I dropped down to clean up the beer. That was when another problem occurred. I had brought only one rag. One already wet rag. It did nothing but increase the size of the lake. “More rags,” I thought. Immediately, I rushed into the kitchen and hurriedly grabbed five dry rags, hoping Aaron wouldn’t notice my brief absence.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I had just rushed out when I found Aaron standing in my way.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
After cleaning up the mess, I reflected on Aaron’s words.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
听力1-5 ABCBA 6-10 ACBCA 11-15 CBACB 16-20ACBBA郑州外国语学校2023-2024学年高一下期期中考试试卷
英语
(120分钟 150分）
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What class will Charles choose
A. The Geography class. B. The Science class. C. The Literature class.
2. Why does the woman call the man
A. To place an order. B. To make a complaint. C. To arrange a delivery date.
3. What day is it today
A. Saturday. B. Sunday. C. Monday.
4. Where will the speakers probably meet the woman's mother
A. At the farm house. B. At the hotel cafe. C. At the restaurant.
5. What does the woman mean
A. She wishes to take up the position.
B. She is used to working over the weekends.
C She is hesitant to take over the responsibility.
第二节 （共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What kind of room did the man book
A. A single room. B. A presidential suite. C. A double room.
7. How does the hotel deal with the mixup
A. They give Charles his reserved room.
B. They allow Charles a generous discount.
C. They offer Charles the suite for no extra charge.
听第7段材料，回答第8至 10题。
8. What is the probable relationship between the speakers
A. Salesman and customer. B. Fellow workers. C. Teacher and student.
9. What does the man suggest the woman do
A. Find another pleasant job.
B. Devote herself to the present job.
C. Return to college for self-improvement.
10. How does the woman sound
A. Unconfident. B. Impatient. C. Disappointed.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. What does the man do
A. A doctor. B. A teacher. C. A musician.
12. Why did the man drop out of college
A. He got tired of schooling.
B. He lost his mother to cancer.
C. He wanted to get on-the-job training.
13. What do we know about Raphael
A. He was open-minded.
B. He was a strict teacher.
C. He started a Chinese music group.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. Where does the dialogue happen
A. At the customs office. B. At the airport. C. At a delivery station.
15. What does the man want to deliver
A. Some books. B. Some brochures. C. Some DVDs.
16. How much should the man pay if he uses International Signed For
A. 9.50. B. 10.50. C. 11.50.
17. How will the man deliver his package
A. By surface mail. B. By airmail. C. By Air Sure.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18 How soon will the speaker get her novel published
A. In two months. B. In three months. C. In eight months.
19. What led the speaker to switch her major in university
A. The poor job prospect as a reporter.
B. Her lasting passion for fiction-writing.
C. The heavy pressure from the professor.
20. What does the speaker mainly talk about
A. Her writing experiences. B. Her childhood hobby. C. Her working career.
第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、和D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Discovery Pass
With a NSW TrainLink Discovery Pass, you can
get unlimited booked travel to more than 365 destinations on the NSW TrainLink Regional train and coach network
choose a pass that suits your travel plans: 14 days, one month, three months or six months
choose a class of travel that suits your style: Economy or First Class (Premium).
Please note that you cannot book a child ticket online with a Discovery Pass. You will instead need to call 13 22 32 or visit a sales agent.
Before purchasing a pass, please read the relevant terms and rules. A NSW TrainLink Discovery Pass is non-refundable and it cannot be assigned to another person.
Prices
Pass type 14 days 1 month 3 months 6 months
Adult Economy $232 $275 $298 $420
Adult Premium $300 $350 $400 $550
Child Economy $121 $143 $154 $220
Child Premium $154 $176 $220 $275
How to purchase a pass and book trips
Step 1: Purchase a Discovery Pass
Choose a time limit and class of travel that suits your needs.
Step 2: Book your trips
After you purchase a Discovery Pass, you have up to one month to book your first trip. The time limit on your pass will start from the departure date of your first booked trip. All trips must be booked and taken before the expiry (到期) date indicated on the pass. You must book each trip before you travel.
Find out more about ways to book your ticket Visit our website:
https: /transportnsw.info/tickets-opal/regional-tickets-fares/ways-to-book-your-ticket
1. You can use a NSW TrainLink Discovery Pass to ______.
A. book a child ticket online B. choose a class of travel that suits you
C. choose a weekly, monthly or yearly pass D. get booked travel to unlimited destinations
2. If a mother with a child wants to buy a one-month NSW TrainLink Discovery Pass for Economy Class, she should pay .
A. $353 B. $418 C. $693 D. $876
3. What can we know about a NSW TrainLink Discovery Pass
A. A pass can be given to another person.
B. A pass can be refunded to NSW Trains.
C. The time limit on a pass starts from the day of your purchase.
D. You should book your first trip within one month after your purchase.
【答案】1. B 2. B 3. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍一个名为NSW TrainLink Discovery Pass的火车票服务。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“ choose a class of travel that suits your style: Economy or First Class (Premium).( 选择适合自己风格的舱位：经济舱或头等舱（高级舱）)”可知，你可以使用NSW TrainLink Discovery Pass来选择适合你的旅行等级。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Prices表格中“1 month”部分中可知，成人经济舱是$275，儿童经济舱是$143，故如果一位带孩子的母亲想买一张为期一个月的NSW TrainLink经济舱通票，她需要支付275+143=418美元。故选B。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Step 2: Book your trips部分中“After you purchase a Discovery Pass, you have up to one month to book your first trip.(购买探索通行证后，您最多有一个月的时间来预订您的第一次旅行)”可知，关于NSW TrainLink Discovery Pass，你应该在购买后一个月内预订你的第一次旅行。故选D。
B
I was the only kid in college with a reason to go to the mail box, because my mother never believed in email, or cell phones in general. I was literally waiting to get a letter to see how the weekend had gone, which was usually the warmest comfort for me.
So when I moved to New York and got sucker-punched in the face by depression, I did the only thing I could think of — writing letters like my mother for strangers. I blogged about those letters and crazily promised I would write you a hand-written letter if asked to.
Overnight, my inbox became this harbor of heartbreak — a single mother in Sacramento, a girl being bullied (恐吓) in rural Kansas…, all asking me to write them a letter and give them a reason to wait by the mailbox. And this is how the act The World Needs More Love Letters was born, fueled by those trips to the mailbox. But the thing about these letters is that most of them have been written by people, who have grown up into a paperless world where some best conversations happen swiftly on a screen.
I’ve been carrying this mail crate (大木箱) with me these days, which is a magical icebreaker. So I get to tell total strangers about a woman whose husband was traumatized (受精神创伤) from war in Afghanistan, and how she left love letters throughout the house as a way to say, “Come back to me.” And the man, who had decided to take his life, tonight slept safely with letters just beneath his pillow, handwritten by strangers who were there for him.
These are the kinds of stories that convince me that letter-writing will always be needed, even in these days, because it is an art now.
4. What is the first paragraph mainly about
A. The efficiency of write letters.
B. The author’s care for her family.
C. The author’s attachment to letters.
D. The author’s love for the college life.
5. What inspired the author to launch the act
A. The letters’ comforting effect on people.
B. Her intention of providing professional aid.
C. The positive influence of modern technology.
D. Her mother’s fear of modern communication.
6. Why does the author call the mail crate “a magical icebreaker”
A. It is capable of doing magic tricks.
B. It starts a conversation with passers-by.
C. It helps people to recover from traumas.
D. It is hot enough to melt ice on a cold day.
7. What is the best title for the passage
A. Love for Writing
B. Priceless Family Letters
C. Love Letters to Strangers
D The Art of Writing Letters
【答案】4. C 5. A 6. B 7. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了作者通过亲手写信的方式与陌生人交谈，给他们带去了安慰。
【4题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“I was the only kid in college with a reason to go to the mail box, because my mother never believed in email, or cell phones in general. I was literally waiting to get a letter to see how the weekend had gone, which was usually the warmest comfort for me.”（我是大学里唯一一个有理由去邮箱的孩子，因为我妈妈从来不相信电子邮件或者手机。我真的是在等着收到一封信，看看周末过得怎么样，这通常是对我最温暖的安慰）可知，作者依恋信件。故选C项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Overnight, my inbox became this harbor of heartbreak—a single mother in Sacramento, a girl being bullied（恐吓）in rural Kansas…, all asking me to write them a letter and give them a reason to wait by the mailbox. ”（一夜之间，我的收件箱变成了心碎的港湾——一位在萨克拉门托的单身母亲，一个在堪萨斯州乡下被欺负的女孩……所有人都要求我给他们写一封信，给他们一个在邮箱旁等待的理由）可知，信件对人们的安慰作用激发了作者发起这项活动。故选A项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“So I get to tell total strangers about a woman whose husband was traumatized（受精神创伤）from war in Afghanistan, and how she left love letters throughout the house as a way to say, “Come back to me.” And the man, who had decided to take his life, tonight slept safely with letters just beneath his pillow, handwritten by strangers who were there for him.”（于是我开始给陌生人讲述一个女人的故事，她的丈夫在阿富汗战争中受到了创伤，她如何在家里到处留下情书，以一种方式说:“回到我身边来。”而这个决定结束自己生命的人，今晚安然入睡，枕头下有陌生人手写的信，他们一直守候在他身边）可知，为什么作者称邮件箱为“神奇的破冰器”是因为它开启了和陌生人的交谈。故选B项。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“I did the only thing I could think of — writing letters like my mother for strangers. I blogged about those letters and crazily promised I would write you a hand-written letter if asked to.”（我做了我唯一能想到的事——像我母亲一样给陌生人写信。我把这些信写在博客上，并疯狂地承诺，如果你让我写，我会给你写一封手写的信）根据倒数第二段“So I get to tell total strangers about a woman whose husband was traumatized（受精神创伤）from war in Afghanistan, and how she left love letters throughout the house as a way to say, “Come back to me.” And the man, who had decided to take his life, tonight slept safely with letters just beneath his pillow, handwritten by strangers who were there for him.”（于是我开始给陌生人讲述一个女人的故事，她的丈夫在阿富汗战争中受到了创伤，她如何在家里到处留下情书，以一种方式说:“回到我身边来。”而这个决定结束自己生命的人，今晚安然入睡，枕头下有陌生人手写的信，他们一直守候在他身边）可知，短文的最佳标题为“写给陌生人的信”。故选C项。
C
Research found that when people saw others in their herd (群体) hesitating before making a choice, they were about twice as likely to break from the group and make a different choice.
The findings have meanings for group behaviour in finance, fashion—any situation where there might be herd behaviour, Krajbich said. “Even if it appears at first that everyone is following the same trend, hesitation may show that they are not all on the same page,” he said.
The research studied 72 college students. They participated in groups of eight. When their predecessor (前任) responded slowly, participants chose against the herd about 66% of the time, compared to only 33% of the time when their predecessor chose quickly. In cases where the group was making the wrong decision, this often led people to break from the herd and make the correct choice, he said.
“A couple of bad decisions at the beginning can lead everyone to the wrong road. That’s the herd behaviour,” Krajbich said. “But what we found is that if people can see the hesitation in others’ choices, that can help them break the chain and change the course of the herd.”
Fast decisions by others can consolidate one’s own belief. For example, if a person sees their friends quickly choose to get a vaccine for COVID-19, that may make them more comfortable making the same choice, Krajbich said. If friends hesitate before getting a vaccine—even if they eventually get one—that may make a person less sure about whether to get the shot, he said.
Krajbich said the findings in the research aren’t necessary a universal rule. There may be some decisions for which taking longer to choose could indicate a more thoughtful choice. “It will be important to figure out when fast decisions signal confidence or when instead they signal thoughtlessness,” he said.
8. What will people probably do when seeing others in their herd hesitate
A. Stop and see. B. Criticise the trend. C. Adopt other options. D. Follow the majority.
9. What can be concluded from the research
A A wrong beginning leads to a wrong road.
B. Predecessors help speed up decision making.
C. People tend to choose against the herd without hesitation.
D. Hesitation in others’ choices helps when the majority is wrong.
10. What does the underlined word mean in the fifth paragraph
A. Strengthen. B. Challenge. C. Weaken. D. Change.
11. Why do some people make fast decisions according to Krajbich
A. They may lack confidence. B. They are persuaded by friends.
C. They are affected by COVID-19. D. They may act without due consideration.
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. A 11. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究发现当看到群体中的其他人犹豫时，人们可能会采用其他方案。解释了研究开展的经过以及发现。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Research found that when people saw others in their herd (群体) hesitating before making a choice, they were about twice as likely to break from the group and make a different choice.(研究发现，当人们看到自己群体中的其他人在做出选择前犹豫不决时，他们脱离群体做出不同选择的可能性大约是其他人的两倍)”可知，当看到群体中的其他人犹豫时，人们可能会采用其他选择。故选C。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“In cases where the group was making the wrong decision, this often led people to break from the herd and make the correct choice, he said.(他说，在群体做出错误决定的情况下，这通常会导致人们脱离群体，做出正确的选择)”可知，当大多数人都错的时候，对别人的选择犹豫是有帮助的。故选D。
【10题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“For example, if a person sees their friends quickly choose to get a vaccine for COVID-19, that may make them more comfortable making the same choice(例如，如果一个人看到他的朋友很快选择接种COVID-19疫苗，这可能会让他们更愿意做出同样的选择)”可知，看到别人很快做出选择会促使本人做出同样的选择，说明别人的快速决策可以加强自己的信念。故划线词意思是“加强”。故选A。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Krajbich said the findings in the research aren’t necessary a universal rule. There may be some decisions for which taking longer to choose could indicate a more thoughtful choice.(Krajbich说，研究结果并不一定是一个普遍的规则。也许有些决定需要花更长的时间来选择，这可能意味着一个更深思熟虑的选择)”可知，根据Krajbich的说法，有些人会快速做出决定是因为他们可能没有经过适当考虑就采取行动。故选D。
D
It’s commonly acknowledged that our lives are ruled by algorithms (算法), but have we really collectively understood how they have transformed our culture and personality
In Filterworld: How algorithms flattened culture, Kyle Chayka argues convincingly that the rise of algorithm-driven feeds, used everywhere online from Instagram to Spotify, has led to a more uniform culture. Our tastes and desires increasingly don’t belong to us, but to algorithms that are designed to keep people engaged at all costs. If the collection of our tastes truly shapes our entire personality, then this loss is more psychologically damaging than it first appears. Aimlessly scrolling (滚屏) through Netflix or TikTok may seem harmless, but over days, months or years, we lose touch with what we like and enjoy.
Taste-making algorithms are inescapable. Chayka shows this by working through all corners of life: what we wear(TikTok), where we eat(Google Maps), music we listen to(Spotify), even who we date or marry(Tinder). This universe of algorithm-driven decisions has society-wide implications: “It extends to influence our physical spaces, our cities, and the routes we move through…flattening them in turn.” No one gets out of the Filterworld untouched.
If you’re lucky enough not to need any sort of algorithm-based system for your work, then you have the option to step back from algorithms for a while. But if your friend suggests a film recommended on X/Twitter or you feel the need to buy those shoes suddenly everyone has started wearing after social media advertisements, what are you to do It all feels fruitless.
This Filterworld may be inescapable, but there is hope. You can start by engaging more with the media you do choose to consume. This could mean reading up about a film you watched or paying artists you like directly. Even the thoughtful act of recommending an album (专辑) to a friend is more rewarding than a random TikTok feed. As Chayka says, resistance to algorithms “requires an act of willpower, a choice to move through the world in a different way.”
12. What is Kyle Chayka’s opinion on algorithms
A. They improve our tastes. B. They make our culture more alike.
C. They help to identify our personality. D. They contribute to psychological problems.
13. What does the underlined part in paragraph 3 refer to
A. The society with advanced technology. B. The world without social media platforms.
C. The network of algorithm-driven decisions. D. The community free from algorithmic influence.
14. Which of the following is a way to resist the impact of algorithms
A. Limiting the use of social media platforms. B. Making choices based on friends’ suggestions.
C. Getting more involved with the selected media. D. Disconnecting from social media advertisements.
15. What is the best title for the text
A. Algorithms: Cultural Takeover B. The Secret of Algorithms
C. Social Media: Cultural Messenger D. The Rise of Digital Platforms
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. C 15. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人们的生活普遍受到了算法的影响，算法使我们的文化更加相似，对此提出了一些避免文化被算法趋同的建议。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“In Filterworld: How algorithms flattened culture, Kyle Chayka argues convincingly that the rise of algorithm-driven feeds, used everywhere online from Instagram to Spotify, has led to a more uniform culture. Our tastes and desires increasingly don’t belong to us, but to algorithms that are designed to keep people engaged at all costs. (在《过滤器世界：算法如何使文化扁平化》一书中，Kyle Chayka令人信服地指出，从Instagram到Spotify，算法驱动的信息流在网上无处不在，它的兴起导致了一种更加统一的文化。我们的品味和欲望越来越不属于我们自己，而是属于那些旨在不惜一切代价让人们参与其中的算法。)”可知，Kyle Chayka对算法的看法是它们使我们的文化更加相似。故选B。
【13题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“This universe of algorithm-driven decisions has society-wide implications: “It extends to influence our physical spaces, our cities, and the routes we move through…flattening them in turn.” (这种由算法驱动的决策对整个社会都有影响：“它延伸到影响我们的物理空间、城市和我们走过的路线……反过来使它们扁平化。”)”可知，算法驱动的决策网络影响到了我们生活的各个方面，没有人能不受影响地从算法驱动的决策网络走出来。故划线部分指的是“算法驱动的决策网络”。故选C。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“This Filterworld may be inescapable, but there is hope. You can start by engaging more with the media you do choose to consume. (这个“过滤世界”可能是不可避免的，但还是有希望的。你可以从更多地参与你选择消费的媒体开始。)”可知，更多地参与选定的媒体是抵抗算法影响的方法。故选C。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“It’s commonly acknowledged that our lives are ruled by algorithms (算法), but have we really collectively understood how they have transformed our culture and personality (人们普遍认为，我们的生活是由算法控制的，但我们真的理解了它们是如何改变我们的文化和个性的吗？)”结合文章主要说明了人们的生活普遍受到了算法的影响，算法使我们的文化更加相似，对此提出了一些避免文化被算法趋同的建议。可知，A选项“算法：文化接管”最符合文章标题。故选A。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
It’s no secret that reading good news feels a lot better than reading bad news. Like, would you rather bite into a lemon, or sip on a fresh glass of lemonade
___16___The world is full of problems and conflicts and we need to stay informed and alert (警觉的) to what’s going on around us. While reading traditional, more negative news is important, consuming good news is also part of staying informed. ____17____And it also brings meaningful benefits, like reduced stress and anxiety, higher rates of engagement, community building skills, and inspiration for creating a better world. Plus, knowing what to look for in the good news landscape is a key part of improving our media literacy skills and being thoughtful news consumers.
In fact, good news, known as solutions journalism, is becoming more popular, as publishers and news stations discover the benefits of sharing positive stories. Good Good Good is one of them. ____18____ A team of reporters and editors there work daily to deliver stories that make readers feel hopeful and equipped to do more good with possible solutions.
“If it bleeds, it leads.” has long been a saying used in the media to describe how news stories about violence, death and destruction draw readers’ attention. ____19____ The thing is, however, there’s also good stuff out there—the delightful and kind parts of humanity. “Beautiful stories are happening worldwide.____20____When you do find them, the world can suddenly feel like a very different place. Good news is a vital part of how we learn about the world and solving the world’s problems.” Hervey, one of Good Good Good’s editors said.
A. Share good news with people around you.
B. It’s just that we don’t hear as much about them.
C. But the “bad news” has its place in the world.
D. It provides a more balanced view of the world.
E. And so, negative news stories are everywhere on news media.
F. Heartwarming stories make you cry and feel good.
G. The news media company is devoted to providing good news intentionally.
【答案】16. C 17. D 18. G 19. E 20. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是读到好消息的好处以及Good Good Good这家媒体公司。
【16题详解】
空后“The world is full of problems and conflicts and we need to stay informed and alert (警觉的) to what’s going on around us. (这个世界充满了问题和冲突，我们需要对周围发生的事情保持了解和警惕。)”说明了这个世界存在一些不好的事情，C选项“But the “bad news” has its place in the world. (但“坏消息”在世界上也有一席之地。)”说明了世界上存在坏消息，因此引起下文，符合语境，故选C。
【17题详解】
空前“While reading traditional, more negative news is important, consuming good news is also part of staying informed. (虽然阅读传统的、更多的负面新闻很重要，但消费好消息也是保持信息灵通的一部分。)”说明了消费好消息是保持信息灵通的一部分，空后“And it also brings meaningful benefits, like reduced stress and anxiety, higher rates of engagement, community building skills, and inspiration for creating a better world. (它也带来了有意义的好处，比如减少压力和焦虑，提高参与度，社区建设技能，以及创造更美好世界的灵感。)”说明了好消息的好处，空格处也应该是好消息的好处，D选项“It provides a more balanced view of the world. (它提供了一个更平衡的世界观。)”说明了看好消息的好处，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选D。
【18题详解】
空前“In fact, good news, known as solutions journalism, is becoming more popular, as publishers and news stations discover the benefits of sharing positive stories. Good Good Good is one of them. (事实上，随着出版商和新闻台发现分享积极故事的好处，被称为“解决方案新闻”的好消息正变得越来越受欢迎。Good Good Good就是其中之一。)”说明了Good Good Good是一家分享积极故事的公司，空格处应该对其进行进一步的介绍，G选项“The news media company is devoted to providing good news intentionally. (这家新闻媒体公司致力于有意地提供好消息。)”说明了这家公司致力于有意地提供好消息，是对它进行的进一步介绍，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选G。
【19题详解】
空前““If it bleeds, it leads.” has long been a saying used in the media to describe how news stories about violence, death and destruction draw readers’ attention. (“如果流血，它就会引导”一直以来都是媒体用来形容有关暴力、死亡和破坏的新闻报道如何吸引读者注意力的说法。)”说明了“If it bleeds, it leads”这句话是媒体用来形容有关暴力、死亡和破坏的新闻报道如何吸引读者注意力的说法，空格处应该说这会引起一个什么结果，E选项“And so, negative news stories are everywhere on news media. (因此，新闻媒体上到处都是负面新闻。)”说明了前面所说内容所导致的结果，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选E。
【20题详解】
空前“The thing is, however, there’s also good stuff out there—the delightful and kind parts of humanity. (然而，事实是，也有好的一面——人性中令人愉快和善良的一面。)”说明了有好的一面，空后“When you do find them, the world can suddenly feel like a very different place. (当你的确找到他们的时候，世界会突然变得不一样。)”表明了你有时候找不到好的一面，B选项“It’s just that we don’t hear as much about them. (只是我们很少听到关于它们的消息。)”说明我们有时是找不到那些好的方面，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选B。
第三部分语言运用 （共三节，满分45分）
第一节 完形填空 （共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
It was a sunny Sunday afternoon. My husband was taking care of our baby girl so that my six-year-old and I could do some yard work, just the two of us. It was sure to be ____21____. But soon, the clouds of mosquitos seemed ____22____ to our bug spray (喷雾). I was sweating, itchy (痒的), and arguing with my son about how to ____23____ weeds. I had told him the “right” way—getting those weeds out from the bottom, by the roots, ____24____ them entirely.
However, my son went about things in his own way. He pulled the ____25____ of the weeds off, moving quickly down the line as he left the remaining part still in the soil. Somehow, I found this to be incredibly ____26____. Why couldn’t he do it in my way and save me the time of having to ____27____ his share Why did he do it at all if he wasn’t going to do it properly
“If you would do as told, we’d be done earlier and promised a longer period ____28____ we would have to return and pull weeds next time,” I said, trying to keep my tone ____29____.
“But people do things…_____30_____, Mom,” he said innocently.
My fire soon faded, replaced by the _____31_____ realization that I’d just received a valuable _____32_____ from the person that I was supposed to be teaching. While trying to _____33_____ my baby girl, my kindergartener, and the yard work, _____34_____ was a lifeline for me. But my way was, perhaps, not the best way after all. His time shouldn’t be _____35_____. His job was to be a kid and take his time, for as long as he was able.
21. A. relaxing B. disturbing C. urgent D. tough
22. A. sensitive B. resistant C. harmful D. addicted
23. A. feed B. raise C. tend D. pull
24. A. removing B. packing C. covering D. preserving
25. A. roots B. fibres C. tops D. seeds
26. A. effective B. innovative C. annoying D. confusing
27. A. recycle B. redo C. identify D. ignore
28. A. unless B. so C. since D. before
29. A. confident B. curious C. light D. loud
30. A. differently B. separately C. hurriedly D. honestly
31. A. depressing B. humbling C. mistaken D. temporary
32. A. behavior B. warning C. reminder D. review
33 A. compare B. defend C. influence D. balance
34. A. efficiency B. concentration C. discipline D. quality
35. A. run out of B. set limits to C. made up for D. kept pace with
【答案】21. A 22. B 23. D 24. A 25. C 26. C 27. B 28. D 29. C 30. A 31. B 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者和六岁的儿子一起做园艺工作时，因为儿子没有按照作者的方法拔杂草，引发了作者的不满和争吵。然而，作者很快意识到自己的方式可能不是最好的，孩子的成长需要时间和自由，这也成为了作者从这次经历中获得的重要教训。文章通过这一事件，表达了作者对教育孩子方式的深刻反思和认识。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它肯定是令人放松的。A. relaxing令人放松的；B. disturbing引起烦恼的；C. urgent紧急的；D. tough棘手的。根据上文“It was a sunny Sunday afternoon. My husband was taking care of our baby girl so that my six-year-old and I could do some yard work, just the two of us.(那是一个阳光明媚的周日下午。我丈夫在照顾我们的女婴，这样我和我六岁的孩子就可以做一些庭院工作，只有我们两个人。)”可知，作者描述的是一个令人放松的情景，可推理出空白处应填表示“令人放松的”含义的形容词，故选A项。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是很快，蚊子群似乎对我们的驱虫喷雾有抵抗力。A. sensitive敏感的；B. resistant有抵抗力的；C. harmful有害的；D. addicted上瘾的。根据上文“the clouds of mosquitos(成群的蚊子)”以及下文“I was sweating, itchy(我在流汗、发痒)”可知出此处上下文说的是蚊子使作者发痒，可推理出空白处应填表示“有抵抗力的”含义的形容词，故选B项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我当时在出汗，很痒，还和我儿子争论该如何除草。A. feed喂；B. raise提高；C. tend往往会；D. pull拔。根据下文“getting those weeds out from the bottom(从根部拔草拔出来)”可知此处说的是拔草，故选D项。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我已经告诉过他“正确的”方法——从底部把那些杂草连根拔起，彻底清除它们。A. removing去除；B. packing装满；C. covering覆盖；D. preserving保存。根据上文“getting those weeds out from the bottom(从根部拔草拔出来)”以及下文“entirely(完全地)”可知此处说的是拔草移除，故选A项。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他迅速地拔除了杂草的顶端，一边沿着行列移动，一边把剩下的部分留在土里。A. roots根；B. fibres纤维；C. tops顶部；D. seeds种子。根据上文“However, my son went about things in his own way(然而，我儿子按照他自己的方式做事)”以及下文“he left the remaining part still in the soil(他把剩余部分留在土里)”可推理出此处上下文说的是作者的儿子拔的是草的顶端，故选C项。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不知怎么的，我发现这非常令人讨厌。A. effective有效的；B. innovative革新的；C. annoying令人生气的；D. confusing难以理解的。根据下文“Why couldn’t he do it in my way(他为什么不按照我的方式做事？)”可知作者对儿子的做事方式很生气，故选C项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：为什么他不能按照我的方式做，从而节省我不得不重新做他那部分的时间呢？A. recycle循环；B. redo重做；C. identify识别；D. ignore忽视。根据上文“he left the remaining part still in the soil(他把剩余部分留在土里)”可推理出此处说的是作者的儿子没有按照作者的方式干活，作者认为要重新干儿子没干好的活，故选B项。
【28题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：如果你愿意按吩咐去做，我们本可以早点完成，并且保证下次回来除草之前有更长的时间。A. unless除非；B. so因此；C. since自从；D. before在……之前。根据上文“we’d be done earlier and promised a longer period(我们本可以早点完成，并且保证有更长的时间)”以及下文“we would have to return and pull weeds next time(我们下次不得不回来拔草)”可推理出空白处应填表示“在……之前”含义的连词，故选D项。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我说，试图保持语气轻松。A. confident自信的；B. curious求知欲强的；C. light轻松的；D. loud大声的。根据上文“If you would do as told, we’d be done earlier and promised a longer period(如果你按照我说的做的话，我们本可以早点完成，并且保证有更长的时间……)”可知，虽然作者很烦躁，但是作者通过讲道理来引导儿子，而不是严厉地责备他，可推理出作者试图保持语气轻松，故选C项。
【30题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：但是人们做事的方式各不相同。A. differently不同地；B. separately分别地；C. hurriedly匆忙地；D. honestly诚实地。根据上文“If you would do as told, we’d be done earlier and promised a longer period(如果你按照我说的做的话，我们本可以早点完成，并且保证有更长的时间……)”以及“But people do things(但是人们做事……)”可知作者的儿子在为自己辩解，可推理出此处上下文说的是人们做事的方式各不相同，故选A项。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的怒火很快便平息了下来，取而代之的是令人感到惭愧的领悟：我刚刚从本应是我教导对象的人那里获得了一个宝贵的提醒。A. depressing令人忧愁的；B. humbling令人羞辱的；C. mistaken不正确的；D. temporary短暂的。根据下文“I’d just received a valuable… from the person that I was supposed to be teaching(我刚刚从本应是我教导对象的人那里获得了一个宝贵的……)”可推理出作者因为儿子的一番话，感到惭愧，故选B项。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. behavior行为；B. warning警告；C. reminder提醒……的东西；D. review评审。根据上文“But people do things differently(但是人们做事的方式各不相同)”以及下文“But my way was, perhaps, not the best way after all(但是，我的方式或许根本就不是最好的方式)”可知此处说的是作者孩子的一番话提醒了作者，故选C项。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在努力平衡照顾我的小女儿、我的幼儿园孩子以及庭院工作的过程中，效率成为我的生命线。A. compare比较；B. defend防御；C. influence影响；D. balance平衡。根据下文“my baby girl, my kindergartener, and the yard work(我的小女儿、我的幼儿园孩子以及庭院工作)”可知此处上下文说的是作者平衡做这些事情的时间，故选D项。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. efficiency效率；B. concentration全神贯注；C. discipline纪律；D. quality质量。根据上文“If you would do as told, we’d be done earlier and promised a longer period(如果你按照我说的做的话，我们本可以早点完成，并且保证有更长的时间……)”可推理出，作者重视工作效率，故选A项。
【35题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：他不应该被设定时间的限制。A. run out of用完；B. set limits to设限；C. made up for弥补；D. kept pace with跟上。根据下文“His job was to be a kid and take his time, for as long as he was able(他的工作就是做一个孩子，享受他的时光，只要他能做到。)”可推理出此处上下文说的是小孩子的时间不应该设置限制，故选B项。
第二节 单项选择 （共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分）
36. Mendoza, a famous but extravagant prizefighter, was sent to prison for failing to pay his debts and died in ______ in 1836.
A. popularity B. panic C. poverty D. potential
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：门多萨是一名著名但奢侈的职业拳击手，他因未能偿还债务而被送进监狱，并于1836年在贫困中去世。A. popularity受欢迎；B. panic恐慌；C. poverty贫困；D. potential潜力。根据“was sent to prison for failing to pay his debts (因未能偿还债务而被送进监狱)”可推知，poverty“贫困”符合题意，表示他在贫困中去世。故选C。
37. The curtain went up on the final act of the play and ______ the aristocrat sitting alone behind bars in his dark cell.
A. disguised B. revealed C. proceeded D. appealed
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这出戏的最后一幕幕拉开了，贵族独自坐在铁栏后黑暗的牢房里。A. disguised伪装；B. revealed揭示，透漏；C. proceeded开展；D. appealed呼吁。根据空格前“The curtain went up on the final act of the play”可知，此处指的是“揭示贵族独自坐在铁栏后黑暗的牢房里”。故选B。
38. We often read in novels how a seemingly ______ person or family has some terrible secret which has been concealed from strangers for years.
A. respective B. repulsive C. reluctant D. respectable
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们经常在小说中读到，一个表面上受人尊敬的人或家庭，却有着多年不为人知的可怕秘密。A. respective各自的；B. repulsive令人厌恶的；C. reluctant不情愿的；D. respectable受人尊敬的。根据“has some terrible secret which has been concealed from strangers for years (有着多年不为人知的可怕秘密)”可知，respectable“受人尊敬的”符合题意，和该内容形成强烈的对比。故选D。
39. ______ around 4500 years ago, the Great Pyramids of Giza have stood for centuries ______ out over the desert.
A. Building; looking B. Built; looking C. Building; looked D. Built; looked
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：吉萨金字塔群建于4500年前，几个世纪以来一直矗立在那里，俯瞰着沙漠。句子已有谓语have stood，两个空处都是非谓语动词，第一空的build“建造”和the Great Pyramids of Giza逻辑上是被动关系，应用build的过去分词形式，作状语；第二空的look out over“俯瞰”和the Great Pyramids of Giza逻辑上是主动关系，应用look的现在分词形式，作状语。故选B。
40. My grandmother was really ______ and spent hours ______ me stories that she had made up.
A. imaginary; tell B. imaginative; tell C. imaginary; telling D. imaginative; telling
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析和非谓语动词。句意：我的祖母很有想象力，她会花几个小时给我讲她编的故事。imaginary表示“想象的，虚构的”，用于描述事物是虚构的，而不是真实存在的；imaginative表示“富有想象力的”，符合祖母有想象力的描述，结合“stories that she had made up”可知，第一空需填imaginary，第二空，sb. spend time (in) doing sth.为固定句型，意为“某人花费时间做某事”，空处需填telling。故选D。
41. ______ to lose is one of life’s most important lessons and there’s no point ______a tantrum if you lose.
A. Learn; to have B. Learning; having C. Learn; having D. Learning; to have
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：学会失败是人生最重要的课程之一，如果你输了，发脾气是没有意义的。第一空和空后的to lose搭配，作句子的主语，是非谓语动词，且此处介绍的是一件已知的经验，因此应用learn的动名词形式；there’s no point (in) doing sth.是固定句型，意为“做某事无意义”，第二空应用have的动名词形式，作宾语。故选B。
42. There is a striking ______ between the cultures of East and West.
A. conspiracy B. drawback C. inscription D. contrast
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：东西方文化之间有着鲜明的对比。A. conspiracy阴谋；B. drawback缺点；C. inscription铭刻，碑文；D. contrast明显的差异，对比。分析句子可知，空格处为there be结构中的主语，根据句意可知，此处缺少的意思是“对比”，故选D项。
43. When a bigger problem ______ at school, I tend to sleep on it and come back to it in the morning.
A. comes across B. comes to C. comes up D. comes over
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当学校里出现更大的问题时，我倾向于先睡一觉，第二天早上再来解决它。A. comes across偶然遇到；B. comes to谈及，涉及；C. comes up出现，发生，被提出；D. comes over顺便来访。根据“I tend to sleep on it and come back to it in the morning.”可知，学校出现更大的问题时，我都是先睡一觉，第二天早上再来解决它。故选C。
44. The plane has been kept in service far longer than ______ intended.
A. originally B. basically C. incredibly D. literally
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：这架飞机的服役时间远远超过原定计划。A. originally起初，原来；B. basically基本上，大体上；C. incredibly难以置信地。非常；D. literally真正地，确实。此处指的是“飞机的服役时间长”，所以应该是超过起初，预定的计划。故选A。
45. Sandra was determined to become a doctor and her persistence ______.
A. called off B. rushed off C. paid off D. took off
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：桑德拉决心成为一名医生，她的坚持奏效了。A. called off取消；B. rushed off匆匆离去；C. paid off奏效；D. took off起飞。根据空前的主语“her persistence (她的坚持)”可知，pay off“取得成功、奏效”符合题意，表示坚持奏效，桑德拉真的成了一名医生。故选C。
46. ______ remains to be seen ______ she will be fit enough to play in the finals.
A. What; that B. It; whether C. What; if D. That; whether
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查主语从句和形式主语。句意：她的身体状况是否足以参加决赛还有待观察。第二空引导名词性从句，从句的成分完整，结合“remains to be seen”可知，第二空需表达“是否”，应用连接词whether作引导词，可先排除A项，且该从句是remains真正的主语，因此第一空应用it作形式主语。故选B。
47. ______ to the crash say they saw an explosion just before the disaster.
A. Sponsors B. Critics C. Archaeologists D. Witnesses
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：撞车的目击者说，他们在灾难发生前看到了一次爆炸。A. Sponsors赞助商；B. Critics批评家；C. Archaeologists考古学家；D. Witnesses目击者。根据“they saw an explosion just before the disaster (他们在灾难发生前看到了一次爆炸)”可知，能说这样的话的人应该是事故的目击者。故选D。
48. She is a ______ teacher who always thinks what her students need.
A. sensible B. considerate C. suspicious D. considerable
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她是一位体贴的老师，总是为学生着想。A. sensible明智的；B. considerate体贴的；C. suspicious可疑的；D. considerable相当大的。根据“who always thinks what her students need (总是为学生着想)”可知，她是一位体贴的（considerate）老师。故选B。
49. Scientists ______ that they are making a major breakthrough in the fight against cancer.
A. claim B. convince C. detect D. deserve
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：科学家声称他们在与癌症的斗争中取得了重大突破。A. claim声称；B. convince使确信，说服；C. detect查明；D. deserve值得。根据后句“他们在与癌症的斗争中取得了重大突破”为陈述内容，所以此处指的是“声称”。故选A。
50. With Information Age ______, we are exploring different approaches ______ teaching languages.
A. approaching; of B. approached; to C. approaching; to D. approached; of
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词和介词。句意：随着信息时代的临近，我们正在探索不同的语言教学方法。根据“With Information Age”可知，第一空格处是with复合结构的宾语补足语，宾语Information Age和动词approach之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，应使用现在分词；第二空格处需要介词to和名词approach构成固定搭配approach to，表示“……的方法”，故选C项。
第三节 语法填空 （共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China revealed ____51____ names of its upcoming manned lunar lander and new crew space-ship on Saturday. The lunar lander, ____52____ (name) Lanyue (Embracing the Moon), reflects China’s ambition for space exploration. The new crew spaceship is called Mengzhou (Dream Vessel), ____53____ (symbolize) the nation’s dream of lunar landing and space adventure. There will be two models of the Mengzhou — one ____54____ (use) to transport astronauts to the moon ____55____ the other will replace the current spaceship Shenzhou to ferry crew members between Earth and the Tiangong space station.
The names were chosen from nearly 2,000 public ____56____ (propose) by experts. The re-search and development of the Lanyue, the Mengzhou, and the Long March 10 carrier rocket are progressing well. China aims ____57____ (conduct) its first manned mission to the moon around 2030.
The Lanyue lunar lander will weigh ____58____ (near) 26 tons, accommodating two astronauts and a 200-kg rover. The Mengzhou spacecraft will consist of two major components — a reentry module ____59____ will house astronauts and serve as the control center and a service module containing power and propulsion systems. The vehicle will be nearly 9 meters _____60_____ length, 4.5 meters in diameter and weigh 22 metric tons.
【答案】51. the
52. named 53. symbolizing
54. will be used
55. and##while
56. proposals
57. to conduct
58. nearly 59. that##which
60. in
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了中国即将发射的载人月球着陆器和新型载人飞船的名称，并介绍了名称的含义、由来，以及两台设备的功能和型号等信息。
【51题详解】
考查冠词。句意：周六，中国公布了即将发射的载人月球着陆器和新型载人飞船的名称。空处表示特指，指即将发射的载人月球着陆器和新型载人飞船的名称，应用定冠词the。故填the。
【52题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这艘名为“揽月”（拥抱月球）的月球着陆器反映了中国探索太空的雄心。句子主干成分完整，空处是非谓语动词，空处作The lunar lander的后置定语，name“给……取名”和The lunar lander逻辑上是被动关系，且该动作已完成，应用name的过去分词形式。故填named。
【53题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：新的载人飞船被称为“梦舟”（梦想之船），象征着中国登月和太空探险的梦想。句子主干成分完整，空处是非谓语动词，symbolize“象征”和The new crew spaceship逻辑上是主动关系，应用symbolize的现在分词形式，作状语。故填symbolizing。
【54题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：“梦舟”号将有两种型号，一种用于运送宇航员到月球，另一种将取代目前的“神舟”号飞船，在地球和天宫空间站之间运送宇航员。空处作句子的谓语，结合后面的“will replace”可知，此处在描述未来的情况，时态应用一般将来时，use“使用”和主语one之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故填will be used。
【55题详解】
考查连词。句意：“梦舟”号将有两种型号，一种用于运送宇航员到月球，另一种将取代目前的“神舟”号飞船，在地球和天宫空间站之间运送宇航员。空处连接前后两个完整的句子，两者之间可理解为是并列关系，应用并列连词and连接；或理解为前后形成对比，用并列连词while连接，意为“而”，表示对比两件事物。故填and/while。
【56题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：这些名字是由专家从近2000份公众提案中选出的。空处作介词from的宾语，被public修饰，propose的名词形式proposal符合题意，意为“提案”，且空前有“2,000”，proposal应用复数形式。故填proposals。
【57题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的目标是在2030年左右进行首次载人登月任务。aim to do sth.是固定短语，意为“旨在做某事”，该空用不定式形式。故填to conduct。
【58题详解】
考查副词。句意：“揽月”月球着陆器将重达近26吨，可容纳两名宇航员和一个200公斤重的月球车。空处修饰后面的数量，应用副词nearly，意为“接近”，作状语。故填nearly。
【59题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：“梦舟”飞船将由两个主要部分组成：一个是容纳宇航员并作为控制中心的返回舱，另一个是包含动力和推进系统的服务舱。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词module，先行词指物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which作引导词。故填that/which。
【60题详解】
考查介词。句意：该飞行器长近9米，直径4.5米，重22公吨。根据“9 meters”和“length”可知，此处用固定短语in length，意为“长度为……”。故填in。
第四部分 写作 （满分25分）
61. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I stood in the restaurant kitchen, my eyes wide, arms hanging awkwardly, ready to work but unsure of what to do. “You will be trained first,” my manager Aaron said, “and do remember to check every detail!” With these words, he walked away.
A workmate threw me a dish brush and said, “Let’s get started.” He introduced me to the basics of washing dishes and demonstrated the process. This was the beginning of my part-time job, a new stage where I was both eager to learn and anxious about the challenges ahead.
On a Friday night, Aaron swiftly entered the kitchen. “Who has just bused (收拾) the back right table ” he shouted, his voice sharp with urgency. My hands, slippery with bubbles from the bowl I was washing, nearly let it slip through my fingers. I wanted to say I was guilty, but Aaron’s cold stare didn’t promise a happy reward for the guy who admitted. Finally, a mix of fear and my own conscience pushed the response out of my mouth.
“I did, Aaron.”
“What were you thinking Get back out here and look at what you missed!” His words forced me forward. I grabbed a rag (抹布) and followed him out to table twenty-two. As we made our way through the restaurant, he said something about rags, but I didn’t hear clearly with other conversations going on around us.
I quickly realized the true issue was the mess beneath the table. A nearly full cup of beer had tipped over, creating a small lake on the floor. It was a significant mistake on my part. “Take care of it!” Aaron tuned and stormed off to the front of the restaurant.
I dropped down to clean up the beer. That was when another problem occurred. I had brought only one rag. One already wet rag. It did nothing but increase the size of the lake. “More rags,” I thought. Immediately, I rushed into the kitchen and hurriedly grabbed five dry rags, hoping Aaron wouldn’t notice my brief absence.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I had just rushed out when I found Aaron standing in my way.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
After cleaning up the mess, I reflected on Aaron’s words.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
I had just rushed out when I found Aaron standing in my way. “What’s up” he asked sharply, his eyes fixed on me. Feeling the weight of my mistake, I stammered nervously, “I need dry rags...to...clean...” Upon hearing this, Aaron let out a heavy sigh. “You should have checked every detail,” he remarked, a hint of disappointment in his voice. “This job isn’t just about reacting, it’s also about being careful. Now, go clean that up!” Avoiding his gaze, I dashed towards table twenty-two. With an ample supply of rags, I threw myself into the task, tirelessly mopping, scrubbing, and wiping.
After cleaning up the mess, I reflected on Aaron’s words. They were sharp but absolutely right. My inexperience and initial anxiety in this new job had led me to overlook crucial details, and I should have been more mindful of my work. Taking a deep breath, I returned to my duties, bearing Aaron’s words in mind. With very dish washed and every table cleared, I made sure to double-check my work. Everything went well and soon I realized this carefulness would not just apply to cleaning; it would influence every aspect of my job, preparing me to embrace any challenge with responsibility and confidence.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者刚入职一家餐馆，经理Aaron要求作者检查每一个细节，但是一天作者因为粗心没有收拾好桌子，当他准备再次准备收拾时，发现自己拿的抹布不够，又再次回去拿抹布，被Aaron再次提醒要注意细节，此次事件让作者明白工作中细心的重要性。
【详解】1. 段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我刚冲出去，就发现亚伦挡了我的路。”可知，第一段可描写作者不细心的情况再次被Aaron看到，以及Aaron对作者的再次告诫。
②由第二段首句内容“收拾完残局后，我回想起亚伦的话。”可知，第二段可描写作者通过这次事件，获得的感悟。
2. 续写线索：犯错——Aaron指出错误——发现抹布不够——回去拿——被Aaron再次看见——告诫——感悟。
3. 词汇激活
行为类
①全身心地投入到任务中：threw myself into the task/devoted myself to the task/immersed myself in the task
②认识到：realize/comprehend/became aware
情绪类
①焦虑：anxiety/tension/nervousness
②失望：disappointment/frustration
【点睛】[高分句型1]With very dish washed and every table cleared, I made sure to double-check my work.(with的复合结构)
[高分句型2]Everything went well and soon I realized this carefulness would not just apply to cleaning; it would influence every aspect of my job, preparing me to embrace any challenge with responsibility and confidence.(省略that的宾语从句)
听力1-5 ABCBA 6-10 ACBCA 11-15 CBACB 16-20ACBBA
