2024年高考英语二轮复习动词的时态和语态考点例析与训练 导学案（有答案）
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| 名称 | 2024年高考英语二轮复习动词的时态和语态考点例析与训练 导学案（有答案） |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2024-05-20 15:43:36 | ||
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动词时态和语态考点例析及强化训练
动词时态和语态历来是高考英语语法填空题的热点，也是考生感到困难的语法问题。其实，解答此类考题并非无章可循，下面就高考英语动词时态和语态的考题举例分析，希望能对考生有所帮助。
考点一、一般时态
例1.（2022·全国乙卷）The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ___63___ (address) the opening ceremony.
【解析】考查一般过去时。句意：中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上致辞。陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故答案填addressed。
例2.（2022·新高考I卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ___58___ (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
【解析】考查一般过去时。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number of areas，且在从句中作主语，根据“previously（以前地）”可知，从句的时态应为一般过去时，又根据主谓一致，从句主语为复数，从句谓语应用复数形式。故答案填were。
例3.（2021·北京卷） As it ____13____ (connect) things, your brain turns them into a story, and you get a dream．
【解析】考查一般现在时。句意：当它连接事物时，你的大脑将它们变成一个故事，然后你就得到了一个梦。由主句谓语动词turns可知，空格处从句的谓语动词需用一般现在时，又根据主语是第三人称单数it，谓语动词也需用单数形式。故答案填connects。
例4.（2020·新课标Ⅰ）“This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it ___67___ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon is constructed.”
【解析】考查一般现在时。句意：“这真的使科学家们激动，”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters说：“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This really excites scientists”可知，此处也需用一般现在时，主语是it，所以空格处谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式。故答案填means。
考点二、进行时态
例1.（2022·新高考II卷）Henry ___42___ (fix) his car when he heard the screams.
【解析】考查过去进行时。句意：听到尖叫声时，亨利正在修车。根据空格后的when he heard the screams可知，设空处的动作是正在发生的，同时该句描述的是过去的事实，应使用过去进行时。故答案填was fixing。
例2.（2022/1·浙江卷）But Cobb and others ____38____ (be) now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and changing their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis.
【解析】考查现在进行时。句意：但是现在Cobb和其他人正在质疑那个想法，推动会议提供更多远程参加的机会以及为了尽自己的能力来应对气候变化危机，他们正在改变他们的个人行为。根据句意可知，此处应使用现在进行时，主语为复数，谓语也需用复数形式。故答案填are。
考点三、完成时态
例1. （2022·全国甲卷）In the last five years Cao ___67___ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016 he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s highest mountain.
【解析】考查现在完成时。句意：在过去的五年中，曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语in the last five years可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语Cao为第三人称单数，助动词需用has。故答案填has walked。
例2.（2022/1·浙江卷）On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics --- many of the climate scientists ___41___ (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
【解析】考查现在完成时。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有200个学者，他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。根据时间状语“since+过去时间”可知，主句应使用现在完成时。故答案填have promised。
例3.（2020·浙江卷）By about 6000 BC, people ___61___ (discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise.
【解析】考查过去完成时。句意：大约在公元前6000年，人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲畜。分析句子结构可知，简单句中除了提示词外无其余动词，故此处需 使用动词的时态。by +过去时间，译为“到……为止”，后面的句子应用过去完成时。故答案填had discovered。
考点四、其他时态
例1.（2020·北京卷）He says food___1___ (play) a big role in his life.
【解析】考查现在进行时或现在完成时行时。句意：他说食物在他的生命中扮演着重要角色。此处表示现在的状态，也可以表示从过去一直到现在延续的状态，所以可用一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时和现在完成进行时。故答案填plays/has played/is playing/has been playing。
例2.（2020·北京卷）The Neanderthals ___9___ (live) alongside human ancestors in Europe for tens of thousands of years, before dying out about 40, 000 years ago.
【解析】考查一般过去时、过去完成时或过去完成进行时。句意：尼安德特人与人类祖先一起在欧洲生活了数万年，直到大约4万年前灭绝。空格处在句中作谓语，根据句意，此处是指在灭绝之前一直生活了数万年。空格处的动作发生在灭绝之前，结合时间状语for tens of thousands of years，应用过去完成时或者过去完成进行时；又因动作发生在过去，强调过去发生的动作，也可使用一般过去时。故答案填lived/had lived/had been living。
考点五、被动语态
例1. （2022·新高考I卷）The GPNP ___60___ (design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity（完整性）of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets（资产）for future generations”.
【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系，且叙述的是客观事实，故应使用一般现在时的被动语态，句子主语为单数，谓语也用单数形式。故答案填is designed。
例2. （2022/1·浙江卷）Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane ____37____ (view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.
【解析】考查现在完成时的被动语态。句意：对科学家而言，旅行去参加会议、讲座、工作室之类的地方来相聚并交流信息这件事被视为是重要的。描述人们普遍认知的事情可用一般现在时，此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到现在的认知，动名词作主语与谓语动词之间存在被动关系，所以应使用一般现在时或现在完成时的被动语态。故答案填is viewed或has been viewed。
例3.（2021·全国甲卷）It ___41___ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored（修复）.
【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。分析句子结构可知，谓语动词build和主语之间是被动关系，需用被动语态，又根据句意和时间状语the Tang dynasty可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语it为第三人称单数，根据主谓一致，故答案填was built。
例4.（2020·新课标Ⅲ）The artist was sure he would ___63___ (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed.
【解析】考查含情态动词的被动语态。句意：画家确信他会被选中，但是当他把他的杰作送给宰相时，这位老人笑了。本句中主语he与谓语动词choose之间构成被动关系，且would后跟动词原形，故答案填be chosen。
【强化训练】
1.（2022· 新高考II卷） He quickly _________ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
2.（2021·新高考I卷）You can’t help wondering how hard it _________ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
3.（2021·北京卷）There _________ (be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, caused largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations.
4.（2021/1·浙江卷）It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 _________ (consider) healthy.
5.（2021·浙江卷）It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, _________ (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.
6.（2021·浙江卷）The little home _________ (paint) white.
7.（2020·新课标Ⅰ）“This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it means we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon _________ (construct).”
8.（2020/1·浙江卷）However, greater attention should _________ (place) on longevity（长寿）.
9.（2020·浙江卷）And, as more children were born, more food _________ (need).
10.（2019·江苏卷）They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals _________ (install) by 2022 for the Beijing Winter Olympics.
【答案】
threw 2. was 3. has been 4. is considered 5. has proved/has proven
6. was painted 7. is constructed 8. be placed 9. was needed 10. will have been installed
动词时态和语态历来是高考英语语法填空题的热点，也是考生感到困难的语法问题。其实，解答此类考题并非无章可循，下面就高考英语动词时态和语态的考题举例分析，希望能对考生有所帮助。
考点一、一般时态
例1.（2022·全国乙卷）The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ___63___ (address) the opening ceremony.
【解析】考查一般过去时。句意：中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上致辞。陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故答案填addressed。
例2.（2022·新高考I卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ___58___ (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
【解析】考查一般过去时。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number of areas，且在从句中作主语，根据“previously（以前地）”可知，从句的时态应为一般过去时，又根据主谓一致，从句主语为复数，从句谓语应用复数形式。故答案填were。
例3.（2021·北京卷） As it ____13____ (connect) things, your brain turns them into a story, and you get a dream．
【解析】考查一般现在时。句意：当它连接事物时，你的大脑将它们变成一个故事，然后你就得到了一个梦。由主句谓语动词turns可知，空格处从句的谓语动词需用一般现在时，又根据主语是第三人称单数it，谓语动词也需用单数形式。故答案填connects。
例4.（2020·新课标Ⅰ）“This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it ___67___ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon is constructed.”
【解析】考查一般现在时。句意：“这真的使科学家们激动，”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters说：“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This really excites scientists”可知，此处也需用一般现在时，主语是it，所以空格处谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式。故答案填means。
考点二、进行时态
例1.（2022·新高考II卷）Henry ___42___ (fix) his car when he heard the screams.
【解析】考查过去进行时。句意：听到尖叫声时，亨利正在修车。根据空格后的when he heard the screams可知，设空处的动作是正在发生的，同时该句描述的是过去的事实，应使用过去进行时。故答案填was fixing。
例2.（2022/1·浙江卷）But Cobb and others ____38____ (be) now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and changing their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis.
【解析】考查现在进行时。句意：但是现在Cobb和其他人正在质疑那个想法，推动会议提供更多远程参加的机会以及为了尽自己的能力来应对气候变化危机，他们正在改变他们的个人行为。根据句意可知，此处应使用现在进行时，主语为复数，谓语也需用复数形式。故答案填are。
考点三、完成时态
例1. （2022·全国甲卷）In the last five years Cao ___67___ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016 he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s highest mountain.
【解析】考查现在完成时。句意：在过去的五年中，曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语in the last five years可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语Cao为第三人称单数，助动词需用has。故答案填has walked。
例2.（2022/1·浙江卷）On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics --- many of the climate scientists ___41___ (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
【解析】考查现在完成时。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有200个学者，他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。根据时间状语“since+过去时间”可知，主句应使用现在完成时。故答案填have promised。
例3.（2020·浙江卷）By about 6000 BC, people ___61___ (discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise.
【解析】考查过去完成时。句意：大约在公元前6000年，人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲畜。分析句子结构可知，简单句中除了提示词外无其余动词，故此处需 使用动词的时态。by +过去时间，译为“到……为止”，后面的句子应用过去完成时。故答案填had discovered。
考点四、其他时态
例1.（2020·北京卷）He says food___1___ (play) a big role in his life.
【解析】考查现在进行时或现在完成时行时。句意：他说食物在他的生命中扮演着重要角色。此处表示现在的状态，也可以表示从过去一直到现在延续的状态，所以可用一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时和现在完成进行时。故答案填plays/has played/is playing/has been playing。
例2.（2020·北京卷）The Neanderthals ___9___ (live) alongside human ancestors in Europe for tens of thousands of years, before dying out about 40, 000 years ago.
【解析】考查一般过去时、过去完成时或过去完成进行时。句意：尼安德特人与人类祖先一起在欧洲生活了数万年，直到大约4万年前灭绝。空格处在句中作谓语，根据句意，此处是指在灭绝之前一直生活了数万年。空格处的动作发生在灭绝之前，结合时间状语for tens of thousands of years，应用过去完成时或者过去完成进行时；又因动作发生在过去，强调过去发生的动作，也可使用一般过去时。故答案填lived/had lived/had been living。
考点五、被动语态
例1. （2022·新高考I卷）The GPNP ___60___ (design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity（完整性）of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets（资产）for future generations”.
【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系，且叙述的是客观事实，故应使用一般现在时的被动语态，句子主语为单数，谓语也用单数形式。故答案填is designed。
例2. （2022/1·浙江卷）Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane ____37____ (view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.
【解析】考查现在完成时的被动语态。句意：对科学家而言，旅行去参加会议、讲座、工作室之类的地方来相聚并交流信息这件事被视为是重要的。描述人们普遍认知的事情可用一般现在时，此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到现在的认知，动名词作主语与谓语动词之间存在被动关系，所以应使用一般现在时或现在完成时的被动语态。故答案填is viewed或has been viewed。
例3.（2021·全国甲卷）It ___41___ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored（修复）.
【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。分析句子结构可知，谓语动词build和主语之间是被动关系，需用被动语态，又根据句意和时间状语the Tang dynasty可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语it为第三人称单数，根据主谓一致，故答案填was built。
例4.（2020·新课标Ⅲ）The artist was sure he would ___63___ (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed.
【解析】考查含情态动词的被动语态。句意：画家确信他会被选中，但是当他把他的杰作送给宰相时，这位老人笑了。本句中主语he与谓语动词choose之间构成被动关系，且would后跟动词原形，故答案填be chosen。
【强化训练】
1.（2022· 新高考II卷） He quickly _________ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
2.（2021·新高考I卷）You can’t help wondering how hard it _________ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
3.（2021·北京卷）There _________ (be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, caused largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations.
4.（2021/1·浙江卷）It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 _________ (consider) healthy.
5.（2021·浙江卷）It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, _________ (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.
6.（2021·浙江卷）The little home _________ (paint) white.
7.（2020·新课标Ⅰ）“This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it means we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon _________ (construct).”
8.（2020/1·浙江卷）However, greater attention should _________ (place) on longevity（长寿）.
9.（2020·浙江卷）And, as more children were born, more food _________ (need).
10.（2019·江苏卷）They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals _________ (install) by 2022 for the Beijing Winter Olympics.
【答案】
threw 2. was 3. has been 4. is considered 5. has proved/has proven
6. was painted 7. is constructed 8. be placed 9. was needed 10. will have been installed