第39讲 定语从句 课件(共42张PPT) 2024年中考复习英语专题突破

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名称 第39讲 定语从句 课件(共42张PPT) 2024年中考复习英语专题突破
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(共42张PPT)
第39讲 定语从句
知识建构
第39讲 定语从句
要点梳理
一、定语从句的概念
在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。被定语从句所修
饰的这个名词或代词叫作先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。
二、定语从句的分类
根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为两类:限制性定语
从句与非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句的
关系十分密切,它们之间不用逗号隔开,从句不能去掉,如果去掉从句,
句子的意思就不完整;而非限制性定语从句与主句的关系不太密切,对
主句起补充说明的作用,与主句之间有逗号隔开,如去掉从句,句子的
意思仍完整。
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别如下:
1.在书写形式上限制性定语从句紧跟主句,非限制性定语从句和主
句通常有逗号隔开。例如:
She is a woman who has won three medals.
She is a woman, who likes art very much.
2.限制性定语从句对先行词有限制修饰的作用,使得先行词具有区
别于其他同类事物的特点,而非限制性定语从句是对先行词起补充说明
的作用。例如:
It is the book I bought yesterday.这是我昨天买的那本书。
This is Sally, who likes sports very much. 这是莎莉,她非常喜欢
运动。(补充说明莎莉的爱好)
3.限制性定语从句对先行词具有限定性,非限制性定语从句体现先
行词的唯一性。例如:
I have a cousin whose father is a computer engineer.我有一个爸爸
当计算机工程师的堂兄。(“我”的堂兄可能不止一个)
I have a cousin, whose father is a computer engineer.我有一个堂
兄,他爸爸是计算机工程师。(“我”只有一个堂兄)
4.语法的区别,非限制性定语从句不能用that引导。例如:
Last Sunday, I saw a very good movie, which is about Long
March. 上星期天,我看了一部非常好的电影,是关于长征的。(这个
句子是非限制性定语从句,所以不能用that 引导)
三、定语从句的引导词
引导定语从句的词有关系代词that,which,who, whom,whose和
关系副词when, where, why。关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定
语从句之间,既起连接作用,同时又在定语从句中充当一定的成分。例
如:
The novel which you bought yesterday was very interesting.你昨天
买的那本小说很有趣。
在这个句子中,novel是先行词,which是引导词,连接主句和从句,
同时又在从句中充当动词bought的宾语。
四、关系代词的用法
定语从句可分为由关系代词引导的定语从句和由关系副词引导的定
语从句。初中阶段一般只要求掌握由关系代词引导的定语从句。
关系代词引导的定语从句:关系代词所替代的先行词是人或物的名
词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从
句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1.who只能指人,在定语从句中既可作主语,也可作宾语,作主语
时不能省略,作宾语时可以省略。例如:
The foreigner who speaks good Chinese is from Canada.那个中文
讲得很好的外国人来自加拿大。(who作主语,不能省略)
Who is the girl (who) Lingling is talking to?正在和玲玲谈话
的那个女孩是谁?(第二个who在从句中作宾语,可以省略)
2.whom也指人,在定语从句中只能作宾语,可以省略,也可用who
来代替,但如果放在介词后面,只能用whom, 且不能省略。例如:
The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Li.刚才跟你讲话的那
个人是李先生。
3.whose既可指人,也可指物,作定语,表示“……的”。例如:
Daming interviewed an artist whose name is known all over the
country. 大明采访了一位全国知名的艺术家。
Do you like the book whose cover is blue 你喜欢那本蓝色封面的
书吗?
4.which指物,在定语从句中既可作主语,也可作宾语,作宾语时可
以省略,但如果放在介词后面就不能省略。例如:
Football is a game which is liked by most boys.足球是大多数男
孩所喜欢的运动。
The room in which I live is very warm.我住的那个房间很暖和。
5.that既可指人,也可指物;既可作主语,也可作宾语,作宾语时
可以省略。例如:
The man that/who is speaking at the meeting is my teacher.那个在
会上发言的人就是我的老师。
Is this the boy (that/who/whom)you met yesterday 这就是你昨
天遇见的那个男孩吗?
The letter (that/which)I received yesterday was from my pen
friend in Australia.昨天我收到的那封信是澳大利亚的笔友写给我的。
6.that和which的区别。
关系代词that用于引导定语从句,修饰代表人或物的先行词,可以
充当定语从句中的主语、宾语、表语。当先行词是事物的时候,that和
which一般可以互换,但在下列情况下不能互换:
(1)只能用that,不能用which的情况:
①先行词是不定代词或者先行词被不定代词修饰时,只能用that。
②先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级,以及the only,the very,the
last等词修饰时。
③先行词既有人又有物时,关系代词只能用that。
④句中已经出现which,为了避免重复,关系代词不用which而用
that。
⑤主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that。
(2)只能用which作先行词的情况:在介词后面,或者先行词为
that,those时,只能用which。
第39讲 定语从句
典例精析
例1 (2023年四川乐山市中考题)Guo Moruo is a famous Chinese
writer ___ is popular around the world.
C
A.which B.whom C.who
【解析】本题考查定语从句关系代词的用法。whom是关系代词,指人,在定语从句中作宾语;who是关系代词,指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;which是关系代词, 指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。此句的先行词是writer“作家”,指人,且在定语从句中作主语,因此关系代词须用who。句意:郭沫若是一位著名的中国作家,在世界各地都很受欢迎。故答案为C。
例2 (2023年吉林省中考题)The students are reading books ___ are
full of the “red spirit” these days.
C
A.who B.where C.which
【解析】本题考查定语从句关系代词的用法。此句的先行词为books,指物,且在定语从句中作主语,因此关系代词可以用that或which。句意:这些天学生们正在读具有“红色精神”的书。故答案为C。
例3 (2023年黑龙江牡丹江市中考题)If we study hard with big
dreams, there is nothing ___ can’t be achieved.
B
A.who B.that C.whom
【解析】本题考查定语从句关系代词的用法。当先行词是不定代词时,关系代词只能用that。nothing 是先行词且为不定代词,所以只能用关系代词that。句意:如果我们怀着远大的梦想努力学习,没有什么是不能实现的。故答案为B。
例4 ((2023年四川达州市中考题)) —The Lifelong Journey is one
of the most touching books ________ I have ever read.
—Yeah, the book is fantastic and I am looking forward to
________ it again.
A.that; reading B.which; to read C.that; to read
【解析】本题考查定语从句关系代词的用法和非谓语动词。当先行词是最高级或被最高级所修饰时,只能用that引导定语从句。先行词books前面有形容词的最高级the most touching修饰,因此关系代词须用that;look forward to doing sth.意为“期待做某事”,是固定搭配,其中to为介词,其后要接动词-ing形式。句意:——《人世间》是我读过的最感人的书之一。——是的,这本书很棒,我期待着再读一遍。故答案为A。
[答案] A
例5 (2022年黑龙江绥化市中考题)I can’t forget the teachers and the
university ___ I visited two years ago. They bring me many sweet
memories.
A
A.that B.which C.what
【解析】本题考查定语从句关系代词的用法。句中先行词 the teachers and the university (老师和大学),既有人又有物,只能用关系代词that。句意:我不能忘记两年前看望的老师和参观的大学。它们带给我许多甜蜜的回忆。故答案为A。
例6 (2022年湖北恩施州中考题)China is the first nation ___ sent
Chang’e Ⅳ to the far side of the moon.
B
A.which B.that C.who
【解析】本题考查定语从句关系代词的用法。当先行词是序数词或其被序数词修饰时,用that来引导定语从句。先行词nation前面有序数词first修饰,因此定语从句必须用that引导。句意:中国是第一个将嫦娥四号发射到月球背面的国家。故答案为B。
例7 (2022年辽宁朝阳市中考题)—What kind of movies do you like
—I prefer movies ___ me something to think about.
C
A.whom give B.who gives C.which give D.that gives
【解析】本题考查定语从句中谓语动词的形式。句中which引导的是定语从句,修饰先行词 movies,为复数,所以从句中谓语动词用动词原形。句意:——你喜欢什么类型的电影?——我更喜欢能让我思考的电影。故答案为C。
例8 (2020年广西梧州市中考题)I like teachers ___ classes are
interesting and creative.
D
A.which B.who C.whom D.whose
【解析】本题考查定语从句关系代词的用法。句中的先行词是teachers,指人,可排除A项;先行词在定语从句中作定语,此处修饰名词classes,因此关系代词用whose。句意:我喜欢上课生动有创造性的老师。故答案为D。
例9 (2020年黑龙江牡丹江、鸡西地区中考题)The house in ___ Lu
Xun used to live is now a museum.
A
A.which B.where C.that
【解析】本题考查定语从句关系代词的用法。分析句子结构可知,此句中的先行词the house 在定语从句中作状语,有的同学会毫不犹豫地用关系副词where引导定语从句,但在此句中,因为定语从句中live是不及物动词,不能直接带宾语,因此在关系代词之前加介词in构成介宾短语,而介词后只能用关系代词which,不能用关系代词that。句意:鲁迅过去住过的房子现在是博物馆。故答案为A。
学习至此,请完成第39讲备考练习(第305页)
第39讲 定语从句
第39讲备考练习(定语从句)
区外中考演练
1.(2023年黑龙江绥化市中考题)Mrs. Wang is an English teacher
________ makes her class lively.( )
C
A.which B.whose C.who
2.(2023年湖南郴州市中考题)Tea is the leaf of a plant ________
grows widely in China, Japan and other countries.( )
C
A.what B.who C.that
3.(2023年黑龙江哈尔滨市中考题)—Who is the hero in your mind
—Huang Danian. He is a scientist ________ has helped China make
great progress in deep-sea exploration (勘探).( )
C
A.where B.which C.who
4.(2023年湖南株洲市中考题)Today’s China is a country ________
keeps to this national character.( )
C
A.what B.who C.that
5.(2023年辽宁阜新市中考题)The woman astronaut ________ gave us
a lesson on space is Liu Yang.( )
C
A.which B.whose C.who D.whom
6.(2023年湖南岳阳市中考题)Lei Feng is a great person ________
sets a good example to us.( )
A
A.who B.which C.whose
7.(2023年辽宁营口市中考题)The Aerospace Square ________ was
completed last year has become a new tourist attraction.( )
A
A.which B.who C.whom D.where
8.(2023年湖北十堰市中考题)I will remember the important people
________ helped and supported me in my life.( )
D
A.which B.whose C.whom D.who
9.(2023年黑龙江绥化市中考题)Mrs. Wang is an English teacher
________ makes her class lively.( )
C
A.which B.whose C.who
10.(2023年青海省中考题)A best friend is a person ________ is
always there when you need him or her. As the saying goes, “A
friend in need is a friend indeed.”( )
C
A.whom B.whose C.who
11.(2023年黑龙江龙东地区中考题)—What can we do for the left-
home children ________ need help
—We could help them with their study online on weekends.( )
B
A.which B.who C.whom
12.(2023年四川成都市中考题)He showed me the photos ________
he took at his graduation ceremony.( )
A
A.that B.who C.what
13.(2022年辽宁营口市中考题)He ________ does not reach the Great
Wall is not a true man.( )
D
A.whom B.\ C.which D.who
14.(2022年黑龙江龙东地区中考题)We should remember those
________ lost their lives for our country.( )
A
A.who B.whom C.which
15.(2019年黑龙江哈尔滨市中考题)—Have you got ready for the
soccer game
—Yes. I’ve done everything ________ I can to win the game.( )
B
A.who B.that C.which
广西中考演练
1.(2023年广西玉林市中考一模)—Have you heard about Lonely
Warrior(《孤勇者》) ________many teenagers are talking about
these days ( )
—Sure. It encourages me every time I hear it.
A
A.that B.who C.whose
2.(2022年广西玉林市中考题)—Volunteering is a meaningful activity.
—I agree. We should express thanks to the people ________ do
volunteer jobs.( )
C
A.whom B.what C.who D.which
3.(2021年广西玉林市中考一模)On February 19, China honored the
soldiers ________ fought to protect the country during the boarder
crash(边境冲突).( )
B
A.whom B.who C.what D.which
4.(2021年广西河池市中考一模)You should sell the things ________
you no longer use.( )
A
A.that B.who C.where D.what
5.(2020年广西柳州市中考题)The girl ________ is wearing a blue
dress is my sister.( )
C
A.whom B.which C.who
6.(2020年广西桂林市中考一模)The Palace Museum is the best place
________ I’ve ever visited.( )
C
A.who B.when C.that