第34讲 非谓语动词 课件(共62张PPT) 2024年中考复习英语专题突破

(共62张PPT)
第34讲 非谓语动词
知识建构
第34讲 非谓语动词
要点梳理
这一讲要求掌握动词不定式的构成和用法，掌握动词-ing形式的常
见用法和动词过去分词的常见用法。
非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。它们
具有动词、名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中不可作谓语。
一、动词不定式
动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，其否定式由“not to+动词原形”构
成, “for +名（代）词+不定式”，即for sb. to do sth.构成不定式的复合
结构。
动词不定式无人称和数的变化，在句中不可作谓语，但它仍保留动词
的特点，有语态的变化，可以和自己的宾语、状语构成动词不定式短语。
1.动词不定式具有名词、形容词、副词的特性，可以作主语、宾语、
宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语。见下表：
功能 结构特点 例 句
主语 常用it作形式主语, 动词不 定式作真正的主语, 放在句 子的后面。基本结构: It be + adj. （+for/ of sb.）+ to do sth. It is a little painful to get an
injection.
常用结构:It takes sb. some time to do sth. It takes me about 2 hours to finish
the work.
功能 结构特点 例 句
宾语 用在及物动词之后 We want to have a good rest.
常用it作形式宾语, 动词不 定式作真正的宾语, 放在句 子的后面。基本结构: 主语 + 谓语+ it + adj. + to do sth. I think it important to learn
Chinese well.
I find it difficult to learn maths
well.
宾语 补足 语 对宾语进行补充说明 They asked us to play football
with them.
续表
功能 结构特点 例 句
表语 用在系动词之后 My only will is to do what is best
for you.
定语 不定式作定语时要后置, 表 示将要发生的动作, 被修饰 语是不定式的逻辑主语或宾 语, 若为逻辑宾语, 该不定 式则应为及物性的 I want to be the first one to get
to the top of the mountain.
They have nothing to eat.
续表
功能 结构特点 例 句
状语 表示目的 I went to the bookshop to buy a
dictionary.
表示原因 I’m very happy to hear from you.
表示结果 The T-shirt is too big for me to
wear.
表示程度 She is old enough to go to school.
说明 为避免重复使用动词, 常用小品词to代替不定式短语。例如： —Would you like to go swimming —Yes, I’d love to.
续表
2.接动词不定式作宾语的常用动词有begin, start, want, decide, fail,
hope, wish, learn, love, like等。
3.接动词不定式作宾语补足语的常用动词有ask, tell, want, help,
teach, like等。
4.动词不定式省略to的动词：（1）感官动词see, notice, watch, hear,
feel, observe等；（2）使役动词let， make, have；（3）在help之后，
不定式可以带to,也可以不带to。
5.“疑问词+动词不定式”（疑问词why没有此用法, 不定式的逻辑主
语常为句中主语）构成的不定式短语在句中可以作主语、宾语和表语。
例如：
I don’t know how to make a milk shake.（作宾语）我不知道怎样
制作奶昔。
Where to go has not been decided yet.（作主语）还没决定去哪里。
二、动词-ing形式（动名词）
动词-ing形式既是动词现在分词，也可以构成动名词。构成动名词
时，表示由这一个动词转换成的一件抽象的事，多用在介词之后。例如：
Thank you for coming. 谢谢你能来。
Forests help to keep water from running away. 森林有助于防止水
源流失。
接动名词作宾语的动词和动词短语, 见下表：
动词（短 语） 短语形式 释 义 例 句
enjoy enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做 某事 I enjoy reading books.
finish finish doing sth. 完成做 某事 Have you finished doing your
homework
keep keep doing sth. 一直做 某事 Keep walking straight until you
see the bank.
动词（短 语） 短语形式 释 义 例 句
stop stop doing sth. 停止做 某事 Stop talking, boys and girls.
go on go on doing sth. 继续做 某事 Let’s go on swimming.
like like doing sth. 喜欢做 某事 I like collecting stamps.
practice practice doing sth. 练习做 某事 I practice playing the piano
twice a week.
续表
动词（短 语） 短语形式 释 义 例 句
avoid avoid doing sth. 避免做 某事 You should avoid making
mistakes in your homework.
mind mind doing sth. 介意做 某事 Would you mind opening the
window
suggest suggest doing sth. 建议做 某事 I suggest staying at home
tomorrow.
续表
动词（短 语） 短语形式 释 义 例 句
give up give up doing sth. 放弃做 某事 My father has given up
smoking.
feel like feel like doing sth. 想做某 事 I feel like making a trip
somewhere.
go go doing sth. 去做某 事 Let’s go fishing.
续表
在复习动名词与动词不定式时要注意以下几点：
1.动名词表示由抽象动作转化成的一件事，而不定式表示具体的、
将要发生的动作。例如：
I like reading.我喜欢读书。
They both like to read love stories.他们俩都喜欢读爱情故事。
2.有的动词后接动名词与动词不定式在含义上的不同。
（1）stop doing sth.与stop to do sth.：stop doing sth.意为“停止正
在做的事”；stop to do sth.意为“停下来去做另一件事”。
（2）forget/remember doing sth.与forget/remember to do sth.：用
动名词形式表示“忘记/记得做过某事”；用不定式表示“忘记/记得去做某
事”。
（3）go on doing sth.与go on to do sth.：前者为“继续正在做的
事”；后者为“接着继续做另一件事”。
（4）need doing sth.与 need to do sth.: need doing sth.表示“需要
被做”，主语一般为物，相当于need to be done；need to do sth.表示
“需要做某事”，主语一般为人。
（5）try doing sth.与try to do sth.：try doing sth.表示“试着做某
事”；try to do sth. 表示“尽力做某事”。
三、现在分词与过去分词
动词的现在分词与过去分词都具有形容词、副词的特征，在句子中
可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语。现在分词与过去分词在用法上的区别
主要有：
1.现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。请比较：
That lesson was quite interesting.那堂课很有趣。（那堂课本身很
有趣）
I was very interested in that lesson.我对那堂课很感兴趣。（“我”
在那堂课中被激起兴趣）
You may be worried if you have a worrying problem.假如你有一
个令人担忧的问题，你就可能感到担忧。
2.现在分词表示动作正在进行，过去分词表示动作已经完成。请比较：
China is a developing country.中国是一个发展中国家。
The USA is a developed country.美国是一个发达国家。
3.现在分词与动词不定式（省略to）作感官动词的宾语补足语的区别：
（1）现在分词作宾语补足语表示所见到、听到的动作正在进行。
例如：
I saw her drawing when I passed the classroom.路过教室时我看见
她在画画。（画画动作正在进行）
（2）动词不定式则表示所见到、听到的动作的全过程已经结束。
例如：
I saw her break a glass yesterday.昨天我看见她打破了一只玻璃杯。
（打破玻璃杯的动作已经结束）
第34讲 非谓语动词
典例精析
例1 （2023年湖南株洲市中考题）Today, we must continue working
___ our skies blue, waters clean and lands clear.
B
A.keep B.to keep C.keeping
【解析】根据语境可知，继续努力的目的是保持我们的天蓝、水清、地洁，此处用动词不定式短语to keep表示目的。句意：今天，我们必须继续努力，保持我们的天蓝、水清、地洁。故答案为B。
例2 （2023年吉林省中考题）We hope ___ a beautiful home by living
a low-carbon life （低碳生活）.
C
A.build B.building C.to build
【解析】hope to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“希望做某事”，动词不定式在此处作宾语。句意：我们希望通过低碳生活来建设一个美丽的家园。故答案为C。
例3 （2023年四川自贡市中考题）—Mike, we are told not ___ the
phone while crossing the street.
—I am sorry. I won’t do it again.
B
A.answering B.to answer C.answer
【解析】本题考查动词不定式的否定形式。tell后一般跟带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，构成tell sb. to do sth.结构，其否定式是tell sb. not to do sth.。根据常识可知，过马路时不要接电话，所以要用否定式tell sb. not to do sth.。句意：——迈克，我们被告知过马路时不要接电话。——对不起。我不会再这样做了。故答案为B。
例4 （2023年黑龙江绥化市中考题）I saw Lily ___ when I passed her
room.
A.dance B.dancing C.to dance
【解析】本题考查现在分词与动词不定式作感官动词（see, watch, hear, notice等）的宾语补足语的用法及区别。它们的区别如下：（1）现在分词作宾语补足语表示所见到、听到等的动作正在进行。（2）动词不定式则表示所见到、听到等的动作的全过程。结合when I passed her room这一语境可知，“跳舞”这一动作发生在经过房间那一时刻，强调动作正在进行，所以应该用see sb. doing sth.。句意：当我经过莉莉的房间时，看见她在跳舞。故答案为B。
[答案] B
例5 （2023年湖南怀化市中考题）Many people enjoy ___ zongzi by
themselves on the Dragon Boat Festival.
A
A.making B.made C.to make
【解析】enjoy, mind，finish, practice, avoid, be busy, be worth, look forward to等一类词后要接动词-ing形式。enjoy doing sth.意为“喜欢做某事”，设空处用动名词making。句意：许多人喜欢在端午节自己包粽子。故答案为A。
例6 （2023年湖南岳阳市中考题）My grandfather used to ________
TV at home after dinner, but now he is used to ________ out for a
walk.
A.watch; go B.watch; going C.watching; go
【解析】本题考查used to do sth. 与be used to doing sth.的区别。used to do sth.意为“过去常常做某事”，固定结构，本身是一般过去时；be used to doing sth.意为“习惯于做某事”，表示现在的状态，介词to后面只能跟名词、代词或动名词。根据句意，第一设空处用used to do sth.，表示“过去常常做某事”，所以第一设空处应填watch；第二设空处用be used to doing sth.，表示“习惯于做某事”，所以第二设空处应填going，意为“习惯出去散步”。句意：我爷爷过去常常晚饭后在家看电视，但现在他习惯了出去散步。故答案为B。
[答案] B
例7 （2023年黑龙江龙东地区中考题）—Shall we go swimming this
afternoon
—I would rather ________ at home than ________ swimming.
B
A.stay; going B.stay; go C.to stay; to go
【解析】本题考查would rather和动名词的用法。根据“would rather do sth. ...than do sth. ...”为固定结构，意为“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”，表示主观愿望，在两者之中选择其一，所以两个设空处都用动词原形。句意：——我们今天下午去游泳好吗 ——我宁愿待在家里也不愿去游泳。故答案为B。
例8 （2022年广西玉林市中考题）—Safety comes first! Everyone
should stop the kids from ________ in the lake or river.
—Life is valuable. Kids must remember ________ the school
rules.
A.swim; to follow B.swim; following
C.swimming; following D.swimming; to follow
【解析】stop sb./sth. from doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“阻止……做某事”,from为介词，其后应用动词-ing形式，作介词的宾语，所以第一设空处应用动名词swimming。 remember to do sth.意为“记得要去做某事”（事情未做）；remember doing sth. 意为“记得做过某事”（事情已做）。根据语境可知，是“记得要遵守校规”，所以第二设空处应用动词不定式to follow。句意：——安全第一!每个人都应该阻止孩子们在湖里或河里游泳。——生命是宝贵的。孩子们必须记住遵守校规。故答案为D。
[答案] D
例9 （2022年贵州黔东南州中考题）An old man ________ on the side
of the road was found ________, and he was sent to the hospital by
the bus driver and passengers immediately.
A.lies; dies B.lay; died C.lain; dead D.lying; dying
【解析】结合语境可知，第一设空处表示“正躺在路边的老人”，应用lie（躺）的现在分词形式lying作定语。根据“he was sent to the hospital by the bus driver and passengers immediately”可知，这里应该是表达“处于奄奄一息的”状态，所以第二设空处应用die的形容词形式dying。句意：一位躺在路边的老人被发现时奄奄一息了，然后他被公共汽车司机和乘客立即送往医院。故答案为D。
[答案] D
例10 （2022年福建省中考题）It’s important for us ___ hard in order
to have a better life.
B
A.work B.to work C.working
【解析】本题考查固定句型。“It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.” 为固定句型，意为 “做某事对于某人来说是……”。句意：为了拥有更好的生活，努力工作对我们来说很重要。故答案为B。
例11 （2022年黑龙江绥化市中考题）If you have difficulty ___ out the
problem, you can ask the teacher for help.
B
A.work B.working C.to work
【解析】have difficulty （in） doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“做某事有困难”。句意：如果你解这道题有困难，可以向老师寻求帮助。故答案为B。
例12 （2021年黑龙江绥化市中考题）The exam is over! Why not ___
to the movies and relax ourselves
A
A.go B.to go C.going
【解析】本题考查提建议的句型。“Why not”后接动词原形。句意：考试结束了！为什么不去看电影放松一下呢？故答案为A。
例13 （2021年四川成都市中考题）It is hard for people to move
forward with a strong wind ___ hard.
B
A.blown B.blowing C.to blow
【解析】句中是with的复合结构，with后的宾语wind与动词blow之间是主动关系，所以应用现在分词作伴随状语。句意：大风刮得很厉害，人们很难前进。故答案为B。
例14 （2020年甘肃天水市中考题）___ with my father’s handwriting,
mine is poor.
B
A.Compare B.Compared C.Comparing D.Compares
【解析】根据句意及句子结构分析可推知，此处表达的是“我的书法和父亲的书法相比”，所以应构成compared with短语，意为“与……相比”，是过去分词作状语。故答案为B。
学习至此，请完成第34讲备考练习（第291页）
第34讲 非谓语动词
第34讲备考练习（非谓语动词）
区外中考演练
1.（2023年江苏镇江市中考题）Travellers can’t wait ________ their
new tours in the coming holiday.( )
A
A.to start B.starting C.started D.start
【解析】can’t wait to do sth. 意为“迫不及待做某事”。
2.（2023年黑龙江牡丹江市中考题）________ down air pollution, we
should walk or take the bus instead of driving.( )
B
A.Cut B.To cut C.Cutting
3.（2023年四川泸州市中考题）—What are you going to do this
summer vacation
—I plan ________ Hua Hua, a nearly 3-year-old lovely panda in
Chengdu.( )
D
A.see B.saw C.seeing D.to see
4.（2023年黑龙江龙东地区中考题）We should avoid ________ a noise
in the library.( )
C
A.make B.to make C.making
5.（2023年湖南益阳市中考题）—Why did you come to school so
early today
—Oh, I arrived here at 7：00 ________ for the test.( )
C
A.prepare B.preparing C.to prepare
6.（2023年江苏南通市中考题）________ healthy, we’ve got used to
washing hands before meals and using public chopsticks.( )
C
A.Keeping B.Keep C.To keep D.To keeping
7.（2023年天津市中考题）David learnt ________ when he was
five.( )
D
A.swim B.swims C.swam D.to swim
8.（2023年黑龙江绥化市中考题）Boys and girls, good luck and wish
you ________ good grades in a new year.( )
C
A.get B.getting C.to get
9.（2023年江苏扬州市中考题）Science is my favourite subject, so I
have prepared ________ the STEAM Club.( )
C
A.join B.joining C.to join D.to joining
10.（2023年云南省中考题）Today is Father’s Day, and I plan
________ a dinner for my father.( )
A
A.to prepare B.preparing C.prepared D.prepare
11.（2023年福建省中考题）It’s reported that China plans ________
astronauts to the moon before 2030.( )
C
A.send B.sending C.to send
12.（2023年湖南邵阳市中考题）—Is Lucy in the classroom
—Yeah. She is still there watching Mr. Li ________.( )
B
A.to draw B.drawing C.draws
13.（2023年江苏宿迁市中考题）—Our school will invite Mr. Wang
________ us a talk on environmental protection next week.
—That’s wonderful!( )
B
A.give B.to give C.giving D.gave
14.（2023年辽宁营口市中考题）In order ________ the earliest flight,
my sister forced herself to get up early this morning.( )
A
A.not to miss B.not missing C.to miss D.missing
15.（2023年吉林长春市中考题）We expect the world ________ China
better after the 19th Asian Games in Hangzhou.( )
B
A.understanding B.to understand C.understood D.understand
16.（2023年江苏徐州市中考题）I have decided to go to Beijing and
________ one of my old friends there.( )
D
A.visiting B.visited C.visits D.visit
17.（2023年黑龙江哈尔滨市中考题）—Who’s that tall boy over there
—His name is Harry. He ________ short but he is tall now.( )
C
A.is used to be B.gets used to being C.used to be
18.（2023年湖北孝感市中考题）—Safety is very important to all of us.
—I agree. We students should learn ________ ourselves in the daily
life.( )
C
A.where to hold B.what to visit C.how to protect D.why to help
19.（2022年云南昆明市中考题）Boys and girls, good luck and wish
you ________ good grades on your new journey!( )
D
A.cutting B.to cut C.getting D.to get
20.（2022年四川遂宁市中考题）You are very good at ________. And
you will be the most popular star.( )
A
A.singing B.sing C.to sing D.sang
21.（2022年贵州黔东南州中考题）There is no doubt ________ Harry
Potter is worth ________.( )
C
A.whether; read B.if; to read C.that; reading D.as; being read
22.（2022年贵州黔西南州中考题）Most of the students are looking
forward to ________ themselves after the exams.( )
D
A.work B.working C.relax D.relaxing
23.（2022年重庆市中考题A卷）Mr. Brown told his son not ________
the paintings in the museum.( )
B
A.touch B.to touch C.touching D.touched
24.（2022年辽宁丹东市中考题）If each of us makes efforts ________
something meaningful, our society will become better and better.( )
C
A.to lose B.to be lost C.to do D.to be done
25.（2022年云南省中考题）If you want ________ your pronunciation,
keep on practicing every day.( )
D
A.improve B.improved C.improving D.to improve
26.（2022年黑龙江哈尔滨市中考题）—I often watch talk shows on TV.
—I enjoy watching the news. I hope ________ what’s going on around
the world.( )
B
A.find out B.to find out C.finding out
27.（2022年四川泸州市中考题）As teenagers, we are not allowed
________ mobile phones into school so that we can focus on our
schoolwork.( )
B
A.bring B.to bring C.bringing D.brought
28.（2022年贵州毕节市中考题）Many people have lost their homes
because of wars. It’s important for people ________ a peaceful
world.( )
A.have B.had C.to have D.to be having
C
29.（2022年海南省中考题）—Peter always remembers ________ the
light off when he leaves the room.
—That’s great. It’s a good way to save energy.( )
C
A.shut B.shutting C.to shut
30.（2022年黑龙江牡丹江市、鸡西地区朝鲜族学校中考题）Our school
often advises the students, especially teenage girls, ________ some
chores at home to help busy parents.( )
B
A.doing B.to do C.do
31.（2021年江苏苏州市中考题）During our holidays, we should avoid
________ up at night and oversleeping in the morning.( )
D
A.stay B.to stay C.stayed D.staying
32.（2021年青海省中考题）—Tom ________ every day.
—Really But why is he so weak now ( )
A
A.used to exercise B.is used to exercising C.used to stay up late
33.（2021年江苏南通市中考题）The community worker is patient
enough ________ to the old how to use Health Code（码）.( )
C
A.explain B.explains C.to explain D.explaining
34.（2021年辽宁营口市中考题）The lecture（讲座）is worth ________.
Please tell John ________ late.( )
D
A.attend; not be B.to attend; to be
C.attended; to being D.attending; not to be
35.（2021年黑龙江大庆市中考题）—English is difficult ________at the
beginning.
—Yes, but if you keep ________, you can make progress.( )
B
A.to be learned; trying B.to learn; trying
C.to be learned; to try D.to learn; to try