2024届山东省部分市高三下学期三模英语试题汇编：阅读理解（含答案）

2024届山东省部分市高三三模英语试题汇编
阅读理解
2024届山东省聊城市高三下学期三模英语试题
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Tracks Through Time: Four Stunning UK Train Journeys
The United Kingdom is rightly celebrated as the birthplace of the railway. And there’s no better way to see it than sitting by the window in a train.
Glasgow to Mallaig
Considered by some to be the most scenic railway line in the world, this line takes passengers from the bustling city of Glasgow through Scotland’s wild western highlands to the remote port of Mallaig. Immerse yourself in unforgettable scenery on this journey, and don’t forget to look out for Ben Nevis!
The Caledonian Sleeper
Passengers can enjoy falling asleep to the rhythm of the train on leaving London, then waking up to the serene beauty of the Highlands at dawn right outside your window. Take a trip back in time with all the modern amenities you could want with this iconic train journey!
The Cambrian Line
Wales, with its dramatic landscapes, historic sites and inspiring vistas, offers some magic al train journeys to be found in the UK. And perhaps the jewel in the Welsh crown is the Cambrian Line, which weaves its way through Mid Wales to the coast. The route begins in Shrewsbury in England and is famed for its scenery.
The Settle-Carlisle Line
No article on iconic United Kingdom train journeys would be complete without this incredible train line. Opened in 1876, the 73-mile long route takes the traveller from Settle Junction in North Yorkshire to Carlisle in Cumbria. Threatened with closure in the 1980s, the line was saved thanks to the efforts of rail lovers, and passenger numbers have gone from strength to strength.
1．Which place should you go to if you want to visit a harbor
A．Glasgow. B．Mallaig.
C．Western highlands. D．Ben Nevis.
2．What can you do by taking the Cambrian Line
A．Pick up some precious jewels.
B．Weave magic to enjoy the route.
C．Have a sound and comfortable sleep.
D．Appreciate fantastic views in Wales.
3．Which line was once in danger of being shut
A．Glasgow to Mallaig. B．The Caledonian Sleeper.
C．The Cambrian Line. D．The Settle Carlisle Line.
B
I have a tea problem, drinking far too much since my teens. The addiction is bad, though cheap as addictions go. My excuse is that there are so many problems to which a cup of tea is the answer. Who doesn’t think it’s a lifesaver right now, as the dark falls and the cold follows
Luckily, I needn’t be ashamed of my dependence on tea any longer — in fact, I should be proud. Because a new study by Professor Francisca Antman, an economist at the University of Colorado Boulder, shows widespread adoption of tea-drinking in late 18th-century England wasn’t just central to the development of our national culture, it actually saved lives.
In 1784, the Commutation Act dramatically cut the tea tax from 119% to 12.5%. Soon even peasants were drinking two cups of tea a day, with tea imports increasing six times between 1761 and 1834．What does a cup of tea need apart from tea leaves Boiled water —which meant much healthier water in an era when people didn’t know dirty water spread disease. Plus, at the time tea was cheaper than beer, the other source of disease-free drink.
Death rates fell from 28 to 23 per 1,000 people over that same period. The role of tea imports was confirmed by drops in deaths from diseases carried by water. Improvements were greatest in areas of lower water quality. And there was economic development, allowing the gathering together of people in the factory towns of the Industrial Revolution.
This all happened by accident, in a period in which public health protection didn’t much exist. It is surprising how a social custom could have such a big impact on the course of history. Anyway, I’m off to put the k ettle on.
4．Which of the following best describes the author’s attitude toward dr nking tea
A．Critical. B．Skeptical. C．Positive. D．Conservative.
5．Why did the death rates drop
A．The government canceled the tea tax. B．The tea was the cheapest drink.
C．The boiled tea water was cleaner. D．The British preferred to drink tea.
6．Which of the places might benefit most from drinking tea in history
A．Tea growing areas. B．Dirty communities.
C．Mountain areas. D．Towns rich in water.
7．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．An Unexpected Lifesaver B．A Modern Trend in Tea Drinking
C．The Origins of Tea Addiction D．The Impacts of Tea Export
C
People may typically think of memory as the recollection of the past. Memory enables people to learn from past experiences and apply that knowledge in present circumstances. It is a vital part of our identity. So is culture, the way of life specific to a group of people.
Cultural memory is the constructed understanding of the past that is passed from one generation to the next through text, oral traditions, monument s and other symbols. Cultural memory is often amassed in objects, such as museums or historical monuments. To understand culture, humans access masses of cultural symbols, such as books. Artifacts（历史文物）of the past provide insights into where we came from. Libraries and the Internet keep a seemingly boundless amount of data on what it means to be part of a culture. Cultural memory is the longest-lasting form of memory.
Like all forms of memory, cultural memory has important functions. For example, it makes the experiences a nation owns clear. It provides us with an understanding of the past and the values of the group to which we belong. Besides, it creates a form of shared identity and a means for communicating this identity to new members. The most powerful forms of cultural memory may involve memories of past disastrous experiences undergone by groups of victims. For example, in Russia, their role in Word War Ⅱ- in which tens of millions of Russians were killed —is still an important part of modern Russian identity. Because all groups have cultural memory, it can bring about a spirit of resistance or survival among threatened groups.
The main function of cultural memory is not to recall the past, whether it be good or bad. Rather, it is to use knowledge of past experiences to avoid making the same mistakes again and again. Cultural memory enables people to adapt to their culture; it enables cultures to adapt to new circumstances by keeping traces of what worked in the past.
8．What is the function of the first paragraph
A．Reporting a discovery of cultural memory.
B．Leading to the concept of cultural memory.
C．Introducing the importance of memory in identity.
D．Making a connection between memory and culture.
9．Which can replace the underlined word “amassed” in paragraph 2
A．Accumulated B．Overlooked. C．Evaluated. D．Created.
10．Russia is mentioned in paragraph 3 to indicate ______.
A．the features of cultural memory
B．the formation of cultural memory
C．the role of big events in Russian identity
D．the impact of cultural memory on identity
11．What is cultural memory mainly expected to do
A．Pass previous wisdom down.
B．Keep traces of history.
C．Get people to know about the past.
D．Remind people of their identity.
D
Contrary to the commonly-held view, the brain does not have the ability to rewire itself to make up for the loss of sight, or a stroke, for example, say scientists from the University of Cambridge and Johns Hopkins University.
Writing in eLife, Professors Tamar Makin（Cambridge）and John Krakauer（Johns Hopkins）argue that the belief that the brain, in response to injury or deficit, can reorganise itself and repurpose particular regions for new functions, is fundamentally incorrect — despite being commonly cited in scientific textbooks. Instead, they argue that what is occurring is merely the brain being trained to use possible abilities that already exist.
In their article, Makin and Krakauer look at ten influential studies that aim to show the brain’s ability to reorganise. They argue, however, that while the studies do indeed show the brain’s ability to adapt to change, it is not creating new functions in previously unrelated areas -instead it’s using possible capacities that have been present since birth.
Examining other studies, Makin and Krakauer found no convincing evidence that the visual cortex（大脑皮层）of individuals that were born blind or the uninjured cortex of stroke survivors ever developed a novel functional ability that did not otherwise exist.
Understanding the true nature and limits of brain plasticity（可塑性）is crucial, both for setting realistic expectations for patients and for guiding clinical practitioners（从业人员）in their reconstructive approaches, they argue. Makin added: “This learning process is a proof of the brain’s remarkable -but limited - capacity for plasticity. There are no shortcuts in this journey. The idea of quickly unlocking hidden brain potentials is more wishful thinking than reality. It’s a slow, gradual journey, demanding persistent effort and practice. Recognising this helps us appreciate the hard work behind every story of recovery and adapt our strategies accordingly.”
“So many times, the brain’s ability to rewire has been described as ‘miraculous’—but we’re scientists, we don’t believe in magic. These amazing behaviours that we see are rooted in hard work, repetition and training, not the magical reassignment of the brain’s resources.” They said.
12．What is the common misunderstanding of the brain’s function
A．The brain can not be trained.
B．The brain can not be repurposed.
C．The brain can rewire itself.
D．The brain can react to sudden diseases.
13．Why are the related studies mentioned in the text
A．To explain the limits of brain plasticity.
B．To analyze the structure of the brain.
C．To find productive research methods.
D．To explore the new functions of the brain.
14．What is paragraph 5mainly about
A．The realistic expectations for patients.
B．Supporting evidence for the research results.
C．Further explanations of the medical strategies.
D．The medical significance of the new finding.
15．What might Makin and Krakauer suggest people do
A．Make the impossible possible.
B．Try to develop the brain’s possible ability.
C．Reassign the brain’s resources flexibly.
D．Use the magic to accomplish difficult tasks.
2024届山东省德州市高三下学期三模英语试题
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The traditional Chinese solar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms. Grain Rain, as the last term in spring, originates from the old saying, “Rain brings up the growth of hundreds of grains.”
Key time for agriculture
Grain Rain falls between the end of spring and the beginning of summer, with infrequent cold air moving to the south and lingering cold air in the north. It brings a marked increase in temperature and rainfall and the grains grow faster and stronger. It’s a key time to protect the crops from insect pests.
Drinking tea
There is an old custom in southern China that people drink tea on the day of Grain Rain. Spring tea during Grain Rain is rich in vitamins and amino acids, which can help to remove heat from the body and is good for the eyes.
Eating toona sinensis
People in northern China have the tradition to eat toona sinensis during Grain Rain. An old Chinese saying goes, “Toona sinensis before the rain is as tender as silk.”The vegetable is nutritious and can help to strengthen the immune system.
Grain Rain Festival
The Grain Rain Festival is celebrated by fishing villages in the coastal areas of northern China. Grain Rain marks the start of the fishermen’s first voyage of the year. People worship the sea and stage sacrifice rites on the Grain Rain Festival, praying for a bountiful harvest and a safe voyage for their loved ones.
1．Why is Grain Rain important for agriculture
A．It marks the end of cold weather.
B．It brings a slight climatic variation.
C．It creates a chance for pests to multiply.
D．It provides increased rainfall for crop growth.
2．Why do people eat toona sinensis during Grain Rain
A．To enjoy its best taste. B．To improve their vision.
C．To get rid of heat of the body. D．To make their skin smooth.
3．What’s the significance of Grain Rain in the coastal northern China
A．A sign of the end of bitter winter. B．The arrival of the fishing season.
C．A celebration of a religious festival. D．A pray for an abundant tea harvest.
B
Residing on Hainan, US-raised Xie Fei has established an extensive private museum, filled with his personal collections. Items from NBA stars Michael Jordan and Kobe feature significantly in Xie’s Tianfu Sports Museum. These items mark the beginning of his collection journey.
Around in 2002, he started his own business, a resort hotel highlighting local coffee and showcasing his sports collections to appeal to tourists. Indeed, many tourists expressed an interest in the exhibition, leading to eventually the official opening of his own museum. At that time, Xie, who was still not fluent in Mandarin, found that the museum could be a bridge connecting him to others. His collection began to expand beyond the NBA, embracing richer Chinese items. Since then, he has been searching for more Chinese sports items to add to his collection.
As his valuable collection expanded, he began to feel more responsibility. He decided to donate his more than 2,000 items to the government, while continuing to exhibit them for free in his museum. He funds the museum’s maintenance with the proceeds from his hotel and often invites sports experts to hold activities there.
In recent years, he has frequently taken items from his collection to schools to teach children about the history of Chinese sports. Xie also started collecting local sports memorabilia（纪念品）, During this process, he found that records of local sports history were incomplete, so he contacted local scholars and began compiling and filling in the gaps. From the medal of Hainan’s first-ever Games to the traditional sports equipment of local Li and Miao people, after several years of effort, Xie’s museum has been able to organize a special Hainan sports exhibition, while also diving into more detailed historical research.
But the collector’s efforts do not stop there. Looking forward, he has set a new goal. “I want to build a new museum, one that features only Hainan sports memorabilia,” Xiesays,“I want everyone to know how vibrant Hainan’s sports culture is.”
4．Why did Xie Fei open the Tianfu Sports Museum
A．Tourists enjoyed his sports equipment.
B．He was motivated to promote Hainan.
C．His resort hotel rose to fame overnight.
D．People were fascinated by his collections.
5．How did Xie keep the museum running
A．By raising money from the the public.
B．By being financed by the government.
C．By working as a part-time teacher.
D．By supporting it with the hotel income.
6．What can be inferred based on the fourth paragraph
A．Xie will participate in the sports games.
B．His hard work and dedication were fruitful.
C．Ethnic items will be collected nationwide.
D．Xie is passionate about tourist development.
7．Which of the following can best describe Xie from his words
A．Independent. B．Ambitious. C．Considerate. D．Cautious.
C
Mosquitoes can carry various diseases and one of the most popular is dengue（登革热）. Dengue is caused by any one of the four related viruses spread by mosquitoes, because of which numerous Filipinos died. One of the easiest ways to prevent mosquitoes is to use repellents. In the market, there are many commercial mosquito repellents available. The commonly used repellent in the Philippines is quite unaffordable. Meanwhile, it contains chemicals that may cause irritation（刺激）. These account for why researchers seek to develop an alternative mosquito repellent.
The researchers plan to use natural components. Since the component is natural, the new mosquito repellent to be made from it is effective yet inexpensive and poses no risks to health or environment. One of the major components being explored is from lemongrass.
Lemongrass has natural anti-microbial features, suitable for use on various types of skin infections, usually as a wash, and is especially effective on skin diseases. It has mosquito repelling effects and is used to make a mosquito repellent. In using this product, you will spray it over all exposed skin areas. Contact with eyes should be avoided. If irritation occurs, wash off immediately and discontinue using. The very importance of this product is to prevent the spread of multiple diseases caused by mosquito bites. The new mosquito repellent containing lemongrass extract（提取物）also helps control the outbreak of other insect-borne diseases such as Malaria, Lyme Disease and West Nile Fever. After all, lemongrass is a popular plant found commonly in the country and its extract is used for medicinal and food products.
The new study is significant because there’s an increasing number of deaths concerning mosquitoes. While there are alternative solutions, Filipino s cannot deny their brothers and sisters living in poverty cannot afford to buy repellents. Yet, currently the researchers aim to test how effective their natural product is in repelling mosquitoes within households. This initial study will evaluate the product’s effectiveness before further trials in broader applications.
8．Why do the researchers want to create an alternative repellent
A．The effect of original products is doubted.
B．There are too many mosquitoes to get rid of.
C．The providers fail to meet the market demands.
D．The existing products are costly and harmful.
9．What makes lemongrass extract an ideal choice for the mosquito repellent
A．Its unique property. B．Its distributing style.
C．Its easy extracting. D．Its lower risk on eyes.
10．What can be inferred about the mosquito repellent from the last paragraph
A．It will be long before being evaluated.
B．It is a popular mosquito-proof product.
C．Its cheapness is its crucial selling point.
D．Its natural makeup often appeal to its users.
11．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．A Therapy Fighting back Mosquitoes
B．An Cost-Effective Natural Mosquito Repellent
C．Dengue: A common Disease from Mosquitoes
D．Lemongrass: A Compound Extract from Nature
D
Charles Darwin found inspiration for his theory of evolution in birds’ beaks, giant tortoise shells—and language.“The survival of certain favored words in the struggle for existence is natural selection,” he wrote in The Descent of Man in 1871．
Language gradually shifts over time. Much research examines how social and environmental factors influence language change, but ignores the forces of human cognitive selection that fix certain words into the lexicon（词汇表）. For an extensive new study published recently, scientists investigated just that.
In an experiment like a game of telephone, thousands of participants read English-language stories and rewrote them to be read by other participants, who then rewrote them for others. Only certain words from the first stories survived in the final versions. Researchers analyzed the word types speakers consistently favored, theorizing that such preferences drive language change over time. The scientists also separately analyzed two large collections of English historical texts from the past two centuries, containing more than 40 billion words—again seeing only certain types survive.
The end result shows three properties that give words an “evolutionary advantage” by helping them stick in the brain: First, words typically acquired at an early age（such as “hand,” “uncle”or “today”）are stabler. Next, concrete words linger（逗留）better than abstract ones: “dog” persists longer than “animal,” which persists longer than “organism.” Lastly, emotionally exciting words—whether negative or positive—tend to endure.
Early language-evolution models assumed that language becomes increasingly complex over time. But Fritz Breithaupt, a cognitive scientist, says the new study supports a more recent theory that language ultimately gets more efficient and easier to understand. Still, as the study notes, “the English language is not baby talk.” Breithaupt explains: “Yes, we shift toward simple language, but then we also grab complex language that we need.” New words that address the complexities of modern life may somewhat balance out this shift.
Columbia University linguist McWhorter more or less agrees with the study’s results about evolutionary advantages within language. He questions, however, implications regarding the overall efficiency of English—a language which contains things like “needlessly complex” grammatical traces.
12．What does the new study concentrate on
A．The impact of cognitive selection.
B．The perspective of Charles Darwin.
C．The effectiveness of preserved words.
D．The importance of natural environment.
13．What may make a word gain evolutionary advantage
A．Its stability in word-building.
B．Its more abstract meaning.
C．Its strong emotional information.
D．Its simple grammatical structure.
14．What phenomenon does the underlined “this shift” in Paragraph 5refer to
A．Communication gets more complex.
B．Humans prefer to use simpler language.
C．Language is getting less understandable.
D．New words can interpret modern life easily.
15．What does McWhorter imply about English
A．It has an evolutionary advantage.
B．It keeps the grammatical traces.
C．It should be simplified sometimes.
D．People should embrace its changes.
2024届山东省泰安市高三下学期三模英语试题
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B，C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The Amazon
The Amazon River, the basin of which covers 2.3 million square miles, is incredibly biodiverse with over 30,000 species of plants and 1,800 species of birds. It plays an important role in adjusting the climate in North and South America. The River and its forests are threatened by human activity, primary pollution and rapid resource depletion (损耗). The Office of the American States Department of Sustainable Development is working to manage the threats.
The Mississippi
The Mississippi rises in western Minnesota and flows south for 2,530 miles into the Gulf of Mexico. Millions of people in over 50 cities use water from the Mississippi, and the river is also used for shipping and agriculture. Hundreds of animal species, including 60% of North America’s birds, call the area around the Mississippi River home, but river pollution and shoreline habitat destruction threaten to displace them. Fortunately, many projects and organizations are devoted to its conservation.
The Danube
The Danube River begins in western Germany, flowing over 1,775 miles into the Black Sea. It spans 19 countries. The Danube features a richly diverse ecosystem, hosting 55 different species of fish. Cities across Europe use the Danube for power generation and agriculture, and there are more than 700 dams in total. Unfortunately, this river is overfished and heavily polluted. The International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River was established in 1998 to manage its conservation.
The Mekong
The Mekong River is a necessary part of Southeast Asia’s landscape, culture, and economy. Also called the Lancang River, it starts in China, stretching over 2,850 miles through Burma, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam. Its basin provides more than 65 million people with food, drinking water, power, and transportation. Dams and power plants are harming Mekong’s ecosystems. Organizations such as Conservation International are working to protect the river by advocating for its sustainable development.
1. Birds are affected most around________.
A. The Amazon B. The Mississippi C. The Danube D. The Mekong
2. How many fish species does the Danube host
A. 70. B. 65. C. 55. D. 50.
3. What do that four rivers have in common
A. They contribute to power production.
B. They How through multiple countries.
C. They are troubled by dam constructions.
D. They are under protection of organizations.
B
Are your keys not in the spot you thought you left them Can’t recall the title of a book I’ve had those moments. Such instances of “brain freeze” remind us that we should do everything in our power to keep our brains sharp.
A new study finds Tai Chi study can help slow cognitive (认知的) decline and protect against dementia (痴呆). The study included about 300 older adults, in their mid-70s on average, who had all reported that their memory was not as good as it used to be.
As part of the study, all the participants took a 10-mirrute test called the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. A normal score is 26-30. A person who scores between 18 and 25 is considered to have mild impairment (损害), which means they don’t have dementia but they’re not as sharp as they used to be and may need to work harder to maintain everyday activities. Once their score drops under 18, people experience quite a bit of impairment from memory loss and cognitive decline.
The average score of participant s at the start of the study was 25. The study found that people who practiced a simplified form of Tai Chi twice a week for about six months improved their score by 1.5 points, meaning that they’re going to get three extra years before they hit that decline into dementia.
Researchers also tested a more stricter type of Tai Chi, called Cognitively Enhanced Tai Chi, where they provided extra challenges. For example, participants were asked to spell a word, backward and forward, as they moved through a series of Tai Chi moves. The people who practice this type of cognitively enhanced Tai Chi improved their scores by about 3 points, meaning they are given six extra years of cognitive function.
The theory on why Tai Chi is effective is that it combines the memorization of the movements, known as forms, almost like composing dancing moves.
4 Why are two questions raised in the first paragraph
A. To present the author’s doubts. B. To expect answers from readers.
C. To analyze the causes of forgetfulness. D. To introduce the main topic of the text.
5. What is the third paragraph mainly about
A. Cognitive assessment methods. B. The process of running the test.
C. Cognitive measurement criteria. D. The test results of the participants.
6. What does the pre-best average score of the participants imply
A. Most of them suffer from, dementia. B. They remain as quick-minded as before.
C. Many of them have slight cognitive decline. D. They can protect themselves against dementia.
7. Why does Tai Chi have a positive impact
A. It helps resolve challenges. B. It involves mind-body movements.
C. It puts off cognitive decline by three years. D. It improves the participants academic level.
C
The ocean is home to more than 200,000 known species and as many as 2 million that we have yet to discover. And, it is also home to 24.4 trillion pieces of microplastics. In 2022, researchers spotlighted how bad marine microplastic pollution, is getting: The total amount of microplastics on the bottom of oceans has greatly increased. in the past two decades.
Microplastic particles don’t just end up at the bottom of the ocean. Animals are eating them — at least 1,500 species have been reported to ingest plastic. And a lot of it. For example, whales in New Zealand’s Hauraki Gulf consume roughly three million microplastics daily, according to research published in Science of the Total Environment, which analyzed whale waste to see how much microplastics were present.
“Other research has shown that if plastics are small enough, they can cross the gut(肠道) wall and get into internal organs though the long-term effects are still unclear. Plastics can also release chemicals that are harmful to digestive system,” says Kahane-Rapport. “This is concerning, and while we do not yet understand the long-term health-effects, it is likely not a good sign for whales and their prey(猎物) to eat a man-made material like plastic.”
This is obviously bad for whales, but it also has effects on humans and the ocean at large. We are also part of these food chains and are consuming microplastics regularly. They are in our bottled water, in our table salt — they are even in our house dust and in the air we breathe. And we still don’t know what the health effects are. Meanwhile, the impact on whales — and what it indicates — is troubling on many fronts. “Whales are ecosystem engineers,” says Kahane-Rapport. “They can spread the nutrients that they consumed and serve as ecosystem guards — when whales are not healthy, other parts of the system will suffer.”
Kahane-Rapport says more research is needed. “The next research step will be to determine how much plastic the whales excrete(排出) and how much is left in their bodies. Following that, we would be able to determine the direct health effects on their tissues.”
8. What does the underlined word “ingest” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A. Deal with. B. Bring up. C. Take in. D. Spread out.
9. What can be inferred from paragraph 3
A Researches show contradictory results.
B. Digestive system is the most affected part.
C. Small plastics are more harmful than big ones.
D. Much about microplastics’ harm remains unclear.
10. What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A. The various sources of pollution.
B. Tab chain reaction of microplastics.
C Possible solutions to plastic pollution.
D. Growing awareness of ocean protection
11. What will the following research focus on
A. Microplastic pollution to the ocean bottom
B. The sufferings of other ocean creatures.
C. Whales’ contributions to the ecosystem.
D. The amount of plastic in whales bodies.
D
Off Australia’s northern coast, the remains of ancient coral reefs (珊瑚礁) form the bedrock of wooded islands, which are home to diverse animals and plants, including mangrove (红树林) forests that blanket their coasts and serve as vital habitats and carbon storers. A recent survey shows that expanding seas might have led to a massive mangrove increase, researchers report November 1 in Proceedings of the Royal Society B.
Mangroves absorb carbon dioxide and store it as “blue carbon”, a term for carbon that is hidden away in ocean environments. “There’s a lot of interest in using mangrove blue carbon to lessen climate change,” says Kerrylee Rogers, an environmental scientist at the University of Wollongong in Australia. But there remain a lot of questions around their capacity to adapt to sea level rise.
In 2021,a team led by Wollongong environmental scientist Sarah Hamylton visited the Howick Islands to do a related research. They walked through the seawater to assess the plant diversity and measure individual trees. Using the measured widths and heights of several mangroves, the team calculated tree widths for the rest of the forest from the data to estimate the total mangrove quantity. The islands host nearly 54,000 metric tons of mangroves, the team estimates, which is roughly 10,000 more metric tons than there was in 1973.
The Howick Islands are uniquely suited to supporting mangroves as the ocean rises. At the end of the Last Glacial Maximum, around 12,000 years ago, water levels rose around northern Australia, and coral reefs grew upward to fill the space that had opened for them.
When sea levels fell thousands of years later, the exposed reefs became sediment (沉积物). With sea levels now rising again, the mixture of saltwater and sediment makes a perfect home for the salt-tolerant mangroves.
Rogers and Hamylton are now working on a bigger effort to study mangoves around Australia. “If we’re going to invest in mangroves to provide us blue carbon and to protect shorelines, we need to understand how dynamic they are,” Rogers says.
12. What can be known about blue carbon
A. It is produced by ocean water. B. It is massively present in the air.
C. It is friendly environment. D. It is nutritious for mangroves.
13. What is the purpose of Hamylton’s research
A. To measure the size of mangroves.
B. To figure out where to plant mangroves.
C. To confirm whether local natural environment is polluted.
D. To see how the mangroves respond to sea level rise.
14. What makes the Howick Islands the suitable habitats for mangroves
A. The diversity of ocean life.
B. The increase of coral reefs.
C. The combination of salt water and sediment.
D. The formation of the bedrock of wooded islands.
15. What is the suitable title of the text
A. Climate Change Causes Sea Level Rise
B. Sea Level Rise Helps Mangroves Boost
C. Environment on Australia Islands Is Improving
D. Climate Warming Poses Dangers To Mangroves
2024届山东省枣庄市高三下学期三模英语试题
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The HSK is a globally-run standardized test of Chinese language ability for non-native speakers. Whether you seek to ensure qualifications for scholarships or gain an advantage in the job market or a related academic field, an HSK pass will serve you well. But, of course, many learners also find an exam to be an excellent source of motivation!
Working with the Chinese Testing Centre, we are delighted to announce that our Institute will continue to offer opportunities for interested candidates to sit 2024 HSK Exams which will be in-person exams only. The next offline exam will take place on Sunday, 19 May.
Please visit HSK Exams Official Page to register. A recent passport photo is required when completing the registration form. A standard 2-inch identification photo no larger than 100kb must be sent to info@confuciusinstitute.ac.uk after you register the exam online.
Your admission ticket can be printed in the exam registration system after the registration closes. On the exam date, you MUST bring your admission ticket and the identification document, or you will not be able to sit the exam on the day.
Examination Fees:
HSK offline HSK1 HSK2 HSK3 HSK4 HSK5 HSK6
Standard 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00
Please note that if you want to book more than one exam level, you need to go through the booking process for each item you wish to book and pay correspondingly. For postage and packing, extra 3.00 is required for each level.
1. What benefit will an HSK pass bring
A. Qualifying for scholarships. B. Getting a dream job.
C. Having academic exchange. D. Improving examination skills.
2. What is a necessity when you register for the HSK
A. A recent passport photo. B. A standard 2-inch ID photo.
C. A printed admission ticket. D. An identification document.
3. How much do you pay if you want to book HSK3 and HSK4 with postage and packing
A. 33.00. B. 43.00. C. 70.00. D. 76.00.
B
When Chui-Lian Lee and Valentina Gomez started on their academic journeys as textile (织物) developing and marketing majors at the Fashion Institute of Technology, they were eager to learn more about the clothing industry. Some of the things they ended up learning shocked them. They found out that roughly 11 million tons of textile waste end up in landfill each year, and the chemicals and gases that emerge during decomposition pollute the earth.
Every single class that they joined, they’d go through the impacts and it’d be like, “Okay, cotton has this large of a water footprint and people are turning to organic cotton, but that’s not really a solution because of these reasons.” Or “People are looking at recycled polyester (涤纶) but that’s not great because it still releases microplastics.” As every solution they learned about came with drawbacks, they both wound up feeling really frustrated.
It wasn’t until the two joined a class on the application of biotechnology to the manufacturing of clothing that they realized there could be a more environmentally friendly option for the fashion industry. Lee and Gomez learned that they could use specially engineered proteins to create a fiber that avoids plastics and degrades (分解) naturally, and then the idea for Werewool was born. “By changing how we are creating the fibers that make up our clothing, we can change the entire life cycle of our clothing and their end-of-life impacts on the environment, avoiding pollution from plastics,” Lee explains.
The early-stage biotech company focusing on developing biodegradable fibers for the textile industry initially started as a research project that involved many sleepless nights in the lab. After winning the H&M Global Change Award in 2020, the project launched into a company. Over four years and 4.5 million dollars in funding later, Werewool now has 12 employees and has begun working with brands to develop clothing out of their protein-based fibers, with the hope of launching products in 2025. By 2030, 125,000 tons of fiber is expected to enter the market, which is about 390 million shirts.
“Our goal has always been to make the fashion industry friendly to nature,” says Lee.
4. What surprised Lee and Gomez when they learned about the clothing industry
A. A wide range of textiles are produced every year.
B. There are many poisonous chemicals in clothing.
C. Clothing industry brings harm to the environment.
D. The textile waste is quite difficult to break down.
5. Why are organic cotton and recycled polyester mentioned
A. To present features of organic clothing.
B. To introduce methods of recycling textile waste.
C. To show they’re not good options for sustainability.
D. To explain it is essential to reduce the water footprint.
6. What can we learn about Werewool according to the passage
A. It has a bright prospect. B. It funds research on textile waste.
C. It proves to be highly profitable. D. It pioneers in plastics decomposition.
7. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A. Werewool Makes Fashion Green
B. Breakthroughs in Applied Biotechnology
C. Lee and Gomez’s Academic Journeys
D. New Protein-based Fibers Hit the Market
C
Quiet Parks International (QPI) have got every reason to award Quiet Trail to the Niobrara National Scenic River this year, making it the other Quiet Trail in the world after Cuifeng Lake Trail, Taiwan. Kalli Kieborz, Director of Niobrara Council, received the award for their assistance in managing and protecting its natural resources, including natural quiet, since 1997.
This Award concluded a two-year process that included exploring the full length of the river to collect qualitative and quantitative acoustic (听觉的) data. Gordon Hempton, cofounder of QPI, stated, “Our testing process is very exact. Beyond collecting standard acoustic data, each team member must agree unhesitatingly that natural quiet existed throughout the testing period. The river’s splendid geologic landscape, unusual atmospheric conditions and outstanding wildlife all contributed to a positive outcome.”
The Niobrara River is notable for its beauty, ecological importance, and recreational appeal in the northern Great Plains, U.S.. Six major ecosystems meet in the Niobrara National Scenic River valley, resulting in a special mix of more than 160 plant and animal species. “It is filled with unique, even one-of-a-kind opportunities for the curious and adventurous visitors,” said John Ricks. Nebraska Tourism director.
“97% of the U.S. population faces noise pollution from sources like flights and highways. In fact, the more quiet we have, the more we can see and hear about the world, so we are thrilled to be able to offer it at Niobrara National Scenic River. From a quiet starry night to peaceful natural escapes, it uncovers what cannot be enjoyed in many other places,” stated Susan Cook, another director.
Areas like the Niobrara National Scenic River offer an opportunity to showcase quiet, unspoiled areas in a noisy world. Today, as people’s life is overloaded with noise, the intentional seeking-out of quiet areas is on the rise and with it, the opportunity to engage new travelers in visiting the beautiful, yet still largely hidden treasure of the wild.
8. Which of the following best describes the testing process
A. Flexible. B. Reliable. C. Simple. D. Loose.
9. What is a consequence of ecosystems meeting in the valley
A. Ecology imbalance. B. Biodiversity enrichment.
C. Species competition. D. Tourism boost.
10. What does Susan Cook highlight in paragraph 4
A. The joy of winning the award. B. The outcome of noise pollution.
C. The activities of enjoying quiet. D. The value of natural quiet.
11. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A. To call on efforts to reconnect with nature.
B. To inform the recognition of a quiet river.
C. To display the challenges of protecting ecosystem.
D. To stress the need to escape busyness of modern life.
D
One day I typed into ChatGPT all about my upset feelings and it instantly responded, offering a list of practical advice. Nowadays millions of people are already turning to ChatGPT and specialist therapy (治疗) chatbots for convenient and inexpensive mental health support.
Some experts say this is a boon. After all, AI, undisturbed by embarrassment and burnout, might be able to express empathy (同理心) more openly and tirelessly than humans. But others worry about the consequences of people seeking emotional support from machines that can only pretend to care. Some even wonder if the rise of so-called empathetic AI might change the way we interact with one another. Indeed, empathy is one of our species’ defining qualities, developing as it did in pace with social interaction.
One recent analysis about empathy looked at 52 studies published between 1980 and 2019, which shows that the empathiser must first be able to recognize how the other person is feeling. They must also be affected by those emotions and differentiate between themselves and the other person, grasping that the other person’s feelings aren’t their own while still being able to imagine their experience.
On the first point, in recent years, Al-powered chatbots have made progress in their ability to read human emotions, most powered by large language models (LLMs) that work by predicting which words are most likely to appear together based on training data. In this way, LLMs like ChatGPT can seemingly identify our feelings and respond appropriately most of the time. But when it comes to the other criteria, AI still misses the mark in many ways. Empathy is interpersonal, with continued feedback helping to perfect the empathiser’s response, which also requires some degree of intuitive (直觉的) awareness of an individual and their situation.
All of this helps to explain conversations like the ones I had with ChatGPT. At the end of the day, despite talking to multiple chatbots online, I did what I knew I had to do all along: I picked up my phone and called a friend.
12. What does the underlined word “boon” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Trap. B. Prize. C. Blessing. D. Challenge.
13. What does the recent analysis show about empathy
A. It calls for clear communication. B. It starts with emotion identification.
C. It rules out individual difference. D. It depends on rich imagination.
14. What can AI do according to paragraph 4
A. Provide data-driven feedback. B. Recognize one’s real desire.
C. Update large language models. D. Predict one’s behavior by intuition.
15. What does the author think of ChatGPT
A. Its development should be sped up.
B. Its intelligence is winning more favor.
C. Its application should be strictly managed.
D. Its artificial kindness is no match for humans’.
2024届山东省济南市高三下学期三模英语试题
第一节（共15小题；每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Welcome to the hands-down Big 5 game reserve in South Africa. Volunteering in our camp in the African bush is definitely a rewarding and convenient way to help you gain a sense of devotion and satisfaction with no extra material rewards.
Why to join
It's a once-in-a-lifetime experience, where you get to give back to the natural environment and the local community. It not only is an extremely satisfying feeling when you know that you've helped to protect this incredible part of the world for generations to come, but enables you to gain invaluable skills and knowledge in conservation.
Requirements
Priority will be given to those candidates with great patience and devotion. Rich experience for wildlife conservation as well as a certificate in wildlife protection is not necessarily important. Refusal goes to animal abusers.
What to expect
Working alongside trained forest protectors, conservation staff and other volunteers from Monday to Friday (8: 30 a. m. -4: 30 p. m. ) , you're expected to help with fence guards to keep animals safe from poachers (偷猎者) , feed animals, and even help catch animals for medical treatment. During term-time, you may also work with the local community, delivering meals with nutrition to local children.
Entertainment
After work, you'll have plenty of time to relax on the reserve. Be bathed in the sun by the reserve's pool, play a few rounds of tennis or relax in the common room with your new friends. The program contains various overnight short-distance journeys in the surrounding areas such as Port Elizabeth, Jeffreys Bay and Grahamstown, where you can go hiking, windsurfing, whale-watching, horse-riding and much more.
1. What will participants acquire in the program
A. Survival skills in wilderness. B. Knowledge of wildlife protection.
C. Certificates of animal conservation. D. Experience in community management.
2. What should a volunteer do in the camp
A. Give food to animals. B. Keep animals in cages.
C. Study diseases of animals. D. Train animals for research.
3. What is an advantage of volunteering in the camp
A. Material rewards are plentiful. B. Accommodations are top-class.
C. Flexible working hours are allowed. D. Recreational activities are provided.
B
Over 40 students with low vision study at a school in Gandhinagar, Gujarat. It was designed by Anand Sonecha, founder of an architecture company. Featuring a bright yellow entrance door, which stands out against the white walls, the school is decorated with a variety of sweet-smelling plants everywhere. Inside the classrooms, the walls feel smooth in contrast to the rough outside of the building. These all help students familiarize themselves with the area straightforwardly, without any trouble.
The school provides an open space serving as a platform for the visually-challenged students to play, perform, or celebrate festivals and the students are easy to orient themselves according to the sound, smell, sight and touch. “The idea behind the design was to make the school more accessible to the students,” Sonecha says, “They come from remote villages and towns in Gujarat, and I am eager to help them.”
During the construction, Sonecha used contrasting colors so that students could easily distinguish between the elements. Blue was used for all classroom doors, yellow for the entrance gate, black for switch buttons, and yellow and green for the furniture. All these colors contrasted with the white walls of the school, helping the students locate different elements. Different areas are of different height and width, which makes the sounds and noises change according to the echo (回音) produced in these spaces. Furthermore, he cooperated with fellow landscape architect Lokendra Balasaria to plant more than 1, 000 plants of 37 species. These sweet plants have been grown not only to lead the children to move in the school through smell but also to attract butterflies and birds, and provide shade.
“The structure of the building is designed similarly to any other school building, only with a few clever elements. My intention was to avoid making it look distinct from other schools,” Sonecha explains, “I hope that there are no different schools for such students. Instead, all these elements should be added to public spaces for them. And my follow-up efforts may be there.”
4. Why did Sonecha design the school in Gandhinagar
A. To explore architecture styles. B. To raise funds for his company.
C. To offer convenience to the students. D. To improve students' learning ability.
5. What does the underlined word “orient” in Paragraph 2 mean
A. Relax. B. Waken. C. Cheer. D. Direct.
6. How does the school help students perform daily routine
A. By expanding activity areas. B. By stimulating multiple senses.
C. By offering behavioral guidelines. D. By strengthening safety measures.
7. What will Sonecha probably do in the future
A. Promote accessibility in the public regions. B. Modernize architecture with smart devices.
C. Build special schools for disabled students. D. Decorate schools with traditional elements.
C
Language gives us the power to describe countless actions, properties and relations that compose our experiences, real or imagined. As for how languages were created, scientists found iconicity might play a key role.
People can't bridge language gap and understand each other without iconicity. When playing a game of charades (猜字谜) , we act out our meaning, using our hands and bodies to describe the sizes and shapes of objects. The key to this process of forming new symbols is the use of iconicity. Not limited to gesturing, iconicity appears in our visual communication too. Traffic signs, food packaging, maps. . . wherever there are people communicating, you will find iconicity.
According to our research, iconicity might also exist in our voices. We organized a contest in which we invited contestants to record a set of sounds to express different meanings. The winner of the contest was determined by how well listeners could guess the intended meanings of the sounds based on a set of written options. Critically, the sounds that contestants submitted couldn't include actual words or onomatopoeias (拟声词) .
Listeners were remarkably good at interpreting the meanings of the sounds. Yet, all of the contestants and listeners were speakers of English. Thus, it was possible that listeners' success relied on some cultural knowledge that they shared with the speakers. Did the listeners also understand the speakers from completely different cultural backgrounds
Later, an Internet survey translated into 25 different languages was carried out. Participants listened to each sound from the English speakers and guessed the meaning by choosing from six written words. Guessing accuracy for the different groups ranged from 74 percent for English speakers to 34 percent for Portuguese speakers. It is far from perfect, but well above the chance rate of eight percent expected by us.
Taken together, these studies show that our capacity for iconic communication has played a critical role. Without this special talent, language would likely never have gotten off the ground.
8. Which of the following can explain “iconicity”
A. A skill in foreign language learning. B. The process of acting out our meanings.
C. The connection between form and meaning. D. A barrier between different language speakers.
9. What can we know about the contest
A. It required sounds containing meanings. B. Its winners were creative in recordings.
C. It aimed to prove iconicity in words. D. Its entries were familiar to listeners.
10. What can be inferred from Paragraph 4
A. English pronunciations differ. B. The research has a limitation.
C. The cultural gap is narrowing. D. Listening skills vary in cultures.
11. What is the significance of the research
A. Clarifying the influence of sounds. B. Proving the necessity of exchanges.
C. Uncovering the origin of languages. D. Identifying the function of gestures.
D
Many of us remember the feeling of having our braces (牙套) regularly adjusted and retightened at the dentist's. And interventions are based entirely upon the estimate of dentists and involve a great deal of trial and error, which can lead to too many visits to the dentist's.
Professor Erleben and his team created a computer model that creates accurate 3D simulations (模拟) of an individual patient's jaw, which dentists can use to predict how sets of braces should be designed to best straighten a patient's teeth and plan the best possible treatment. To create these simulations, the computer model was used to map sets of human teeth after getting detailed CT images of teeth and the small, fine structures between the jawbone and the teeth. This type of precise digital simulation is referred to as a digital twin, a virtual model that lives in the cloud.
The virtual model can answer what's happening in the real world, and do so instantly. For example, one can ask what would happen if you pushed on one tooth and get answers with regards to where it would move and how it would affect other teeth. The model also helps to predict the post treatment effect, achieve “visualization” of treatment, and facilitate patients to understand the plan of straightening their teeth. What's more, it has enabled more flexible and convenient digital medical follow-up services.
The area of research that uses digital twins is relatively new. “However, we need to set up a sufficiently big database if digital twins are to really take root and benefit the healthcare industry,” Erleben said, “In the future, the virtual model can be used to plan, design and improve, and can therefore be used to operate companies, robots, factories and used much more in the energy, healthcare and other fields.”
12. What is Paragraph 1 mainly about
A. The professional integrity of dentists. B. The current state of dental treatment.
C. The procedure of retightening braces. D. The intervention of modern technology.
13. Which was the first step in creating 3D simulations
A. Predicting treatment effect. B. Designing a computer model.
C. Drawing the shape of a mouth. D. Obtaining the details of teeth.
14. What is Professor Erleben's attitude towards digital twins
A. Doubtful. B. Curious. C. Favorable. D. Dismissive.
15. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Why digital twins make a hit B. Where virtual treatment goes
C. What trouble dentists encounter D. How a virtual model aids dentists
参考答案
2024届山东省聊城市高三下学期三模英语试题
1-5 BDDCC 6-10 BABAD 11-15 ACADB
(说明：本题共1o卜题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
2024届山东省德州市高三下学期三模英语试题
1—3 DAB 4—7 DDBB 8—11 DACB 12—15 ACBC
2024届山东省泰安市高三下学期三模英语试题
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D
【答案】4. D 5. C 6. C 7. B
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. B 11. D
【答案】12. C 13. D 14. C 15. B
2024届山东省枣庄市高三下学期三模英语试题
1.A 2.A 3.D 4.C 5.C 6.A 7.A 8.B.9.B10.D
11.B12.C13.B14.A15.D
2024届山东省济南市高三下学期三模英语试题
A篇 BAD
B篇 CDBA
C篇 CABC
D篇 BDCD