必修三 Unit 3-Unit 4 重点词汇及短语
I. Unit 1-Unit 2重点词汇及拓展
1. definitely adv.肯定；确实→definite adj.明确的；确定的→definition n. 释义；定义
2. diverse adj.不同的；多种多样的→diversity n. 多样性；差异(性)；不同(点)
3. fortune n. 机会；运气→fortunate adj.幸运的；巧合的→fortunately adv.幸运地→unfortunately adv.不幸地
4. historical adj.(有关)历史的→historic adj.历史上的；历史上重要的→history n.历史
5. immigrant n. (外来)移民；外侨→immigrate vi.移入；移居→immigration n. 移民人数；移居(入境)
6. select vt.选择；挑选；选拔→selection n. 选择；挑选；选拔→selected adj.精选的
7. minority n. 少数民族；少数派；少数人→minor adj.较小的；次要的vi.辅修
8. poetry n. 诗集；诗歌；诗作→poet n. 诗人→poem n. 诗；韵文
9. poisonous adj.引起中毒的；有毒的；分泌毒素的→poison n. 毒物；毒药；毒素vt.毒死；毒害
10. fold vt.包；裹；折叠vt.& vi.(可)折小；(可)叠平→unfold vt.打开；呈现→folded adj. 折叠的、褶曲的
11. collection n. 作品集；收集物；收藏品→collect vt.收集；采集→collective adj. 集体的、共同的
12. settle vt.& vi.定居；结束(争论)；解决(纠纷)→settlement n. 移民；定居点→settler n. 移民；殖民者→settled adj.稳定的；舒适自在的
13. construction n. 建筑；建造；建造物；(句子、短语等的)结构→construct v. 建造；修建→constructive adj. 建设性的、有助益的
14. suit vt.适合；满足……需要；相配；合身n.西服；套装→suitable adj.适当的；合适的
15. contain vt.包含；含有；容纳→container n. 集装箱；容器
16. mental adj.精神的；思想的→mentally adv.精神上；智力上；思想上
17. intelligent adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的→intelligence n. 智力；才智；智慧
18. determine vt.查明；确定；决定→determined adj.有决心的；意志坚定的
19. disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的→disappoint vt.使失望→disappointment n. 失望
20. independent adj.独立的；自立的→independently adv.独立地；自立地
21. signal vt.& vi.标志着；标明；发信号 n. 信号；标志→sign n. 迹象；符号，记号；手势；指示牌
22. succeed vt.& vi.继承；继任→success n. 成功，胜利；成功的人或事物→successful adj.成功的；有成就的→successfully adv.成功地；顺利地
23. globe n. 世界；地球仪；地球→global adj.全球的；全世界的→globally adv.全球地；全世界地
24. argue vt.& vi.论证；争辩；争论→argument n. 争论；论点；争吵
25. analyse v. 分析→analysis n. (对事物的)分析；分析结果(pl.analyses)
26. regular adj.定期的；经常的；正常的→regularly adv.定期地；经常→irregular adj.不规则的
27. limited adj.有限的→limit v. 限制；限定 n. 限制；范围，界限→limitation n. 限制；局限
28. mystery n. 神秘事物；谜→mysterious adj.神秘的
II. Unit 1-Unit 2重点短语和句型
一、重点短语
1. head to (朝……)前进；(向……)去 2. seek one’s fortune 寻找成功致富之路；闯世界
3. earn a living 谋生 4. ethnic people 少数民族
5. apart from 除了……外(还)；此外 6. diverse culture 多元文化
7. used to 过去常常 8. in fact 事实上
9. the street art 街头艺术 10. a gold rush 淘金热
11. choose from 从……中选择 12. open up shops 开商店
e to来到(某地)；谈及 14. be proud of 因……自豪
15. (at) first hand 第一手；亲自 16. to name but a few 仅举几例
17. a very popular tourist draw 一个非常受欢迎的旅游景点
18. all year round 全年；一年到头 19. settle in 安顿下来
20. turn into 变成 21. traditional Chinese culture 中国传统文化
22. in the 1906 earthquake 在1906年的地震中 23. lots of/a lot of 许多
24. the majority of 大多数 25. a taste of ……的味道
26. a range of 一系列 27. suit everyone’s taste 满足每个人的口味需求
28. varieties of 各种各样的 29. look forward to 期望；期待
30. be curious about 对……好奇 31. plenty of 大量；许多
32. know about 了解；知道……的情况 33. carry on 继续做，坚持干
34. on board 在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上 35. in the hope of doing sth. 抱着……的希望
36. so as to (do sth.) 为了；以便 37. figure out 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白
38. due to 由于 39. be keen to do sth. 热衷于做某事
40. a shallow view 肤浅的观点 41. make a difference 有影响；起作用
42. result in 导致；造成 43. as a result 所以；结果(是)
44. provide for sb. 提供生活所需 45. in closing 最后
46. run out 用完；耗尽
二、重点句型
1. 句型公式：It＋系动词＋n./adj.(＋for/of sb. /sth.)＋to do sth.
教材原句：I have to admit that it definitely feels good to be back in the city again.
翻译：我得承认，再次回到城里的感觉实在是太棒了。
e.g. ①They all think that it seems very easy for him to finish the work.
他们都认为，对他来说完成这项工作似乎很容易。
②I admit that it feels excellent to go back to my hometown to see my grandparents.
我承认，回到家乡看望祖父母的感觉真是太好了。
③The teacher thought that it appeared unlikely for them to arrive on time.
老师认为看来他们不太可能准时到达了。
2. 句型公式：which引导非限制性定语从句
教材原句：In the same year, gold was discovered near San Francisco, which started a gold rush.
翻译：同年，旧金山附近发现黄金，引发了淘金热。
e.g.①Chinese dumpling is a traditional Chinese food, which is essential during holidays in northern China.
饺子是中国的传统食物，在北方的节日中不可或缺。
②She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was.
她对孩子们很耐心，她丈夫却很少这样。
③He said that he had never seen her before, which was not true.
他说以前从没见过她，这不是真的。
3. 句型公式：It is ...that ...强调结构
教材原句：It is a very popular tourist draw that receives more visitors each year than even the Golden Gate Bridge.
翻译：这是一个非常受欢迎的旅游景点，每年接待的游客甚至比金门桥还多。
e.g.①It is in the gym that he often plays basketball with his classmates on weekends.
是在体育馆，他经常在周末和同学打篮球。
②It was an American man called Henry Ford who / that created the motor car as we know it today.
今天我们知道，是一个名叫Henry Ford的人创造了汽车。
③It was all his property that Mr. Smith left to his wife in 2013.
2013年史密斯先生留给他妻子的是他的全部财产。
4. 句型公式：with的复合结构
教材原句：It has a long and famous history, with the author Robert Louis Stevenson having spent much time writing there.
翻译：它历史悠久，声名远扬，作家罗伯特·路易斯·史蒂文森曾长时间于此地进行创作。
e.g.①From space the earth looks like a huge water-covered globe with a few patches of land sticking out above the water.
从太空看，地球就像一个巨大的被水覆盖的球体，水面上露出几块陆地。
②In parts of Asia you must not sit with your feet pointing at another person.
在亚洲的一些地方，你不能坐在那里，双脚指着另一个人。
③The girl sat there quite silent and still with her eyes looking at the ceiling of the house.
女孩静静地坐在那里，一动不动地盯着房子的天花板。
5. 句型公式：make＋宾语＋宾语补足语
教材原句：These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed, but the desire to explore the universe never died.
翻译：这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望，但对宇宙探索的渴望从未消失。
e.g. ①The news that our team had won made us very happy.
我们队获胜的消息使我们大家非常高兴。
②Our English teacher often makes us retell the texts.
我们的英语老师经常让我们复述课文。
③It’s too noisy. I can’t make my voice heard.
太吵了。我无法让别人听到我的声音。
6. 句型公式：This is because... 这是因为……
教材原句：This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.
翻译：这是因为尽管存在巨大的风险，人们仍然相信进行太空探索的重要性。
e.g.①This is because people want to challenge themselves in the face of difficulties.
这是因为人们想要在困难面前挑战自己。
②This is because hydrogen fuel cells cost more.
这是因为氢燃料电池成本更高。
③That is because if investors grow less certain about interest rates, they also lose confidence about where value is in the credit or equity markets.
这是因为，如果投资者对利率变得不那么确定，他们也会对信贷或股票市场的价值丧失信心。
7. 句型公式：not only...but also... 不但……而且……
教材原句：Despite the difficulties, scientists hope future discoveries will not only enable us to understand how the universe began, but also help us survive well into the future.
翻译：尽管困难重重，科学家们希望未来的发现不仅能让我们了解宇宙的起源，而且能帮助我们延续生存，直到未来。
e.g. ①He’s not only very fast, but he’s also got marvellous technique.
他不仅很快，而且技术高超。
②He not only washed the car, but polished it too (as well).
他不仅冲洗汽车，而且还擦拭了它。
③He not only goes to work on weekdays, but also on weekends.
他不仅工作日去上班，在周末也去上班。
8. 句型公式：can’t wait to do sth. 迫不及待做某事
教材原句：Yeah, I can’t wait to see Captain Brown!
翻译：是的，我等不及要见布朗船长了！
e.g. ①They can’t wait to see the new manager.
他们迫不及待地见到新经理。
②She can’t wait to see her child.
她迫不及待地见到孩子。
③The old man can’t wait to build a new house.
这位老人迫不及待地建一座新房子。
9. 句型公式：省略句
教材原句：Countries around the globe are spending billions of dollars and lots of time on various space missions, whether to Mars or other planets much further away.
翻译：世界各国正在投入数十亿美元的资金和大量时间执行各种太空任务，无论是去火星还是其他更远的星球。
e.g. ①Where to go tomorrow has not been decided.
明天到什么地方去尚未决定。
②He has to learn how to collect water, hunt for food, and make fire.
他得学会收集淡水、寻找食物，生火什么的。
③You also need to learn the basic skills of rafting, such as how to handle the raft, how to paddle and how to get in and out of the raft.
你还需要学习基本划木筏的技巧，比如驾驭木筏的方法，划桨方法，上下木筏的方法。
III. 知识点精讲：考点精析
1. diverse adj.不同的；多种多样的
…explore the diverse cultures of the world. (教材P25)
……探索世界上不同的文化。
★情景探究
①The wild life in Africa is diverse from that in Asia.
非洲的野生动物与亚洲的不同。
②Lily has a great diversity of interests; she likes sports, travel and photography.
莉莉的兴趣非常多样，她喜欢运动、旅游和摄影。
③One of the best ways to improve your vocabulary is to read widely and diversely.
提高词汇量最好的方法之一就是广泛而多样地阅读。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
①be diverse from ... 和……不同
②diversity n. 差异(性)；不同(点)；多样性 a great/wide diversity of 多种多样的
③diversely adv.不同地；各种各样地
★学以致用
【单句填空】
①Forslan’s object is to gather as great a diversity (diverse) of genetic material as possible.
【一句多译】
②她的兴趣与她姐姐不同。
→Her interests are diverse from her sister’s.
→Her interests are different from her sister’s.
2. fortune n. 机会；运气
Every Chinese restaurant in America has fortune cookies.(教材P26)
在美国，每家中国餐馆都有幸运曲奇。
★情景探究
①The girl was fortunate enough to have her mother as a bosom friend.
这个女孩十分幸运有她的妈妈做知心朋友。
②Unfortunately, she locked herself out of the flat for leaving without keys this morning.
因为今天早上没带钥匙出门，她很不幸地把自己锁在了门外。
③Fortunately, the situation there is improving, as the process of political settlement is making progress.
幸运的是，随着政治协议的进程正在取得进展，那里的局势正在改善。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
①try one’s fortune 碰运气 make a fortune 发财；赚大钱 have the good fortune to do ...有幸做……
②fortunate adj.幸运的 unfortunate adj.不幸的
③fortunately adv.幸运地 unfortunately adv.不幸地
★学以致用
【单句填空】
①Fortunately (fortune), after a brief stay in hospital, Ben was well enough to be allowed to leave and later the family met up for dinner.
②I was fortunate to enjoy (enjoy) such attractive scenery in your hometown.
【完成句子】
③现在，社会上很多年轻人梦想着不努力工作就可以发大财。
Now there are many young people in our society dreaming of making a fortune without hard work.
3. admit vi.& vt.承认vt.准许进入(或加入)
I have to admit that it definitely feels good to be back in the city again.(教材P28)
我得承认，再次回到城里的感觉实在是太棒了。
★情景探究
①She apologised to me and admitted taking/having taken my umbrella by mistake.
她向我道歉并承认错拿了我的伞。
②You will not be admitted to the theatre after the performance has started.
演出开始后不许进入剧场。
③How does one gain admission to the Buckingham Palace
怎样才能获准进入白金汉宫？
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
①admit doing sth./having done sth. 承认做了某事 admit that ... 承认/认可……
admit sb. into ... 允许某人进入…… be admitted to/into 被(某校)录取；允许进入
②admission n. 【C】承认，供认；【U】准许加入；【U】入场费
★学以致用
【单句填空】
①For example, I have successfully got admission (admit) as a volunteer for our school’s sports meeting, which is scheduled to be held at the end of this August.
②Admission (admit) to British universities depends on examination results.
【完成句子】
③她被北京大学录取了。这让她的父母非常高兴。
She was admitted to Peking University, which made her parents very happy.
4. head to (朝……)前进；(向……)去
In the afternoon, I headed to a local museum that showed the historical changes in California. (教材P28)
下午，我前往当地一家博物馆参观，博物馆展示了加利福尼亚的历史变迁。
★情景探究
①After the meeting I sent the recording file to the London office and headed back to the airport.
会议结束后我将录音文件发送给伦敦办事处然后返回了机场。
②Two heads are better than one.
三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮。
③That housewife kept her head and telephoned the fire department immediately.
那个家庭主妇保持冷静，并立即给消防队打了电话。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
①head vi.朝(某方向)行进vt.带领；居……之首；主管 head towards/for ... 朝……方向前进
head back to 回到 head north/south 朝北/南走
②head n. 头部；首领；(表示农场或牧群等的牲畜的数目)头
keep one’s head 保持冷静
★学以致用
【单句填空】
①I saw Tom heading towards/for/to me, but I avoided meeting him.
②We lifted our heads (head) to breathe in the fresh and clean air.
【完成句子】
③他意识到了他正在朝错误的方向前进。
He realized that he was heading in the wrong direction.
5. seek vt. & vi.寻找；寻求；争取；(向人)请求
Over 300,000 people came from all over the world to seek their fortune, and San Francisco quickly became a big city. (教材P28)
来自世界各地的30多万人前来寻找成功致富之路，旧金山迅速成为了一座大都市。
★情景探究
①We seek to find a way to make us get along well with the people around us.
我们试图找到一种方法使我们和周围的人相处融洽。
②He is seeking after wealth and power all his life.
他一生都在追求财富和权力。
③The tourists sought out a shady spot where they sat down and rested.
游客找到一处阴凉的地方坐下休息。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
①seek through 找遍；搜查遍 ②seek to do sth. 试图做某事
③seek one’s fortune 寻找成功致富之路；闯世界 ④seek after/for 追求，寻求
⑤seek out 挑选出；找出
★学以致用
【单句填空】
①Legal advice should be sought (seek) before you take any further action.
②The farmers seek to harvest (harvest) all the crops before it rains.
【完成句子】
③当你遇到麻烦的时候，你可以向你的老师寻求建议。
When in trouble, you can seek advice from your teacher.
6. earn vt.& vi.挣得；赚得；赢得；博得
To earn a living, some opened up shops and restaurants in Chinatown. (教材 P28)
为了谋生，有些人在唐人街开商店和餐馆。
★情景探究
①Saving a girl from the river earned him a good reputation.
从河里救起那个女孩为他赢得了好名声。
②The young man earns 100,000 dollars a year.
那个年轻人一年挣十万美元。
③Your outstanding ability will earn you a place on the team.
你非凡的能力会为你在团队中赢得一席之地。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
①earn/make a living by/from 靠……谋生 earn money/a fortune 挣钱/大钱
earn sb. praise/respect/a reputation 赢得赞扬/尊敬/名声 earn a place 获得一席之地
②earnings n. 收入；利润
★学以致用
【单句填空】
①What do you suppose us do to earn (earn) respect from others
②Devoted to his work, Mr Brown finally earned (earn) his workmates’ respect by achieving success.
【完成句子】
③许多住在海边的人以渔业为生。
Many people who live along the coast earn a living in fishing industry.
7. select vt.选择；挑选；选拔
I selected a Cantonese restaurant that served its food on beautiful China plates.(教材P29)
我选择了一家粤菜馆，那里的菜用漂亮的瓷盘盛着。
★情景探究
①Can you select a person as/to be a candidate to equal the engineer in ability
你能挑选一个与这位工程师能力相当的候选人吗？
②The final team selection will be made tomorrow.
明天将确定队伍的最后人选。
③He was selected from a great number of candidates.
他从众多的候选人中被选出来。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
①select sb. to do sth. 选择某人做某事 select sb. /sth. as ... 挑选某人/某物作为……
select sb. /sth. from ... 从……中选出某人/某物
②selection n. 挑选；选拔
③selected adj.挑选出来的；精选的
★学以致用
【单句填空】
①We ran out of the wood and I was selected to go (go) and gather more.
②The players who are selected (select) from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.
【句式升级】
③Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology is changing so rapidly.
→It is no easy task to select a mobile phone for personal use because technology is changing so rapidly. (it作形式主语)
8. bring about 导致；引起
What do you think brought about the cultural diversity (教材P29)
你认为是什么导致了文化的多样性？
★情景探究
①A crisis brings out the best in her.
在紧急关头她会展现出优秀的品质。
②His new suggestion was brought up at the meeting.
他的新方案在会议上被提出来了。
③His work brings him in 1,000 dollars a month.
他每月有1 000美元的工作收入。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
①bring out 生产；出版；使显现 ②bring in 提出；赚得；吸引；宣布
③bring on 使发展；促使提高 ④bring up 抚养；抚育；呕吐；提出
⑤bring down 降低；减少
【名师点津】
除bring about外，常见的表示“引起；导致”的词汇还有：cause, result in, lead to, contribute to等。
★学以致用
【单句填空】
①In spite of tourism bringing in a lot of money to the locals, it brings about more than one problem in turn.
②In the discussion, Jack came up with an idea that they should bring down the price of the bicycles.
【句式升级】
③I’m wondering what brought about the failure of the business.
→I’m wondering what it was that brought about the failure of the business.(强调句型)
9. claim vt. & n. 夺取(生命)；宣称；断言
Over 3,000 lives were claimed in the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and the series of fires that occurred after it. (教材P29)
1906年的旧金山地震和之后发生的一系列火灾夺去了3,000多人的生命。
★情景探究
①He claimed that it was all a trick against him.
他声称这一切都是一个针对他的诡计。
②You can claim your money back if the goods are damaged.
如果货物有损坏， 你可以要求退款。
③It is claimed that soap powders have polluted the water we drink.
据说肥皂粉污染了我们的饮用水。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
①claim to do sth. 声称做某事 claim sth. back 要回某物
It is claimed that ... 据称……
②make a claim for ... 向……索赔
★学以致用
【单句填空】
①The scientist claimed to have invented (invent) a new kind of car.
②The victims in the accident made a claim for damages.
【一句多译】
③人们声称已经发现了一种治愈这种疾病的方法。
→People claim to have discovered a cure for the disease.
→It is claimed that a cure for the disease has been discovered.
10. escape vi.& vt.逃走；逃脱；避开n.逃跑；逃脱；解脱
After visiting the southern part of Yunnan, I have to admit that it is the best province of China to escape the cold winter. (教材P29)
在游览了云南南部之后，我必须承认它是中国最适合躲避寒冷冬天的省份。
★情景探究
①He narrowly escaped being killed in the big earthquake.
他在大地震中险些丧命。
②The baby’s mother escaped from the fire along with two other children.
婴儿的母亲和另外两个孩子一起逃离了火海。
③He had a narrow escape from the fire, but the surface of his skin was severely burned.
他在这次火灾中死里逃生，但是体表被严重烧伤。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
①escape (doing) sth. 逃脱(做)某事 escape from/out of ... 从……逃跑，逃走
escape one’s attention/notice 逃过某人的注意；被某人遗忘
②have a narrow escape 死里逃生 make one’s escape 逃脱；逃走
★学以致用
【单句填空】
①The driver narrowly escaped being killed (kill) in the traffic accident.
②The world I once knew as being so simple is becoming more complex, I find myself needing a way to escape (escape).
【句型转换】
③She was lucky to escape punishment.
→She was lucky to escape being punished.
11. fold vt.包；裹；折叠vt.& vi.(可)折小；(可)叠平
I really like that paper folding book, and my son likes that paper folding book, too.(教材P30)
我真的很喜欢那本折纸书， 我儿子也喜欢那本折纸书。
★情景探究
①The border guard folded his arms across his chest and glared the front.
边防战士双手交叉于胸前，怒视前方。
②Most umbrellas can fold up, so it’s easy to carry them.
大部分的伞可以折叠，所以方便携带。
③Many people just stood with folded arms, watching them fight wildly.
许多人只是抱着双臂站在那里，看着他们激烈地打架。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
①fold up 折叠起来 a folded letter 一封折叠的信 unfold vt.& vi.(使)展开；打开
②folder n. 文件夹
③folding adj.可折叠的
★学以致用
【单句填空】
①He was sitting with his arms folded (fold).
②The table folds (fold) up when not in use.
【完成句子】
③他把信对折放进一个信封里。
He folded the letter in half and put it in an envelope.
12. collection n. 作品集；收集物；收藏品
……it is even mentioned in the oldest collection of Chinese poetry.(教材P31)
……它甚至在中国最古老的诗集中被提及。
★情景探究
①All the students collected on the playground to do morning exercises.
所有的学生都在操场上集合做早操。
②The collection of these coins took him eight years.
收集这些硬币花了他8年时间。
③We are going to make a collection to buy flowers for Janet, who is ill in the hospital.
我们打算凑钱给珍妮特买花，她生病住院了。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
①art/coin/stamp collections 艺术品/硬币/邮票收藏
②a complete collection of ...……的全集
③a large/small collection of ...大/少量的……
④make a collection for 为……募捐
★学以致用
【单句填空】
①The attraction of the museum and gardens lies in the fact that its collections (collection) date from the Middle Ages.
②The collection (collect) of these stamps cost me ten years.
【完成句子】
③她从收藏品中挑选了一枚钻石戒指。
She selected a diamond ring from the collections.
13. settle vt.& vi.定居；结束(争论)；解决(纠纷)
Historically, Chinese immigrants settled in the area during the railroad construction and gold rush period. (教材P32)
历史上，在修筑铁路和淘金热时期，来自中国的移民定居于此。
★情景探究
①There is no doubt that it is the best way to settle the problem.
毫无疑问这是解决问题的最佳方式。
②They settled down to a serious discussion over coffee.
他们喝着咖啡，开始了认真的讨论。
③It is said that the first settlers of this country were soldiers.
据说第一批到达这个国家的移民是士兵。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
①settle in/into 安顿下来；习惯于；适应 settle down 舒适地坐下；(在某地)定居下来
settle down to doing sth. 开始认真做某事
②settlement n. 移民；定居点 settler n. 移民；殖民者
settled adj.稳定的；舒适自在的
★学以致用
【单句填空】
①Before we settle down to discussing (discuss) other things, I have a question to ask you.
②It is reported that the strikers have reached a settlement (settle) with the employers.
【句式升级】
③She has a lot of difficult problems to settle, so Meng is having a hard time.
→With a lot of difficult problems to settle, Meng is having a hard time. (with的复合结构)
14. construction n. 建筑；建造；建造物；(句子、短语等的)结构
Historically, Chinese immigrants settled in the area during the railroad construction and gold rush period. (教材P32)
历史上，在修筑铁路和淘金热时期，来自中国的移民定居于此。
★情景探究
①The hut was constructed from trees that grew in the nearby forest.
这间小屋是用附近森林中的树木盖成的。
②China’s ambassador called the talks “very constructive” and said they would continue.
中国的大使称这次会谈“很有建设性”，并且说他们会继续下去。
③Our university dormitory is now under construction on a hillside in the north of the city.
我们的大学校舍正在兴建中，它建在这个城市北部的山坡上。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
①under construction 在建设中
②construct v. 修建；建造 construct a bridge 建一座桥
construct a theory 创建一个理论 be constructed from 由……建造而成
③constructive adj.建设性的
【联想助记】
其他“under＋名词”的结构
①under age 未成年；未达到规定年龄 ②under attack 遭受攻击
③under consideration 在考虑中 ④under control 在控制中
⑤under discussion 在讨论中 ⑥under examination 在检查中
⑦under pressure 在压力下 ⑧under repair 在修理中
★学以致用
【单句填空】
①We must hurry up with the construction (construct) work so that we can finish it before the rainy season.
②A new highway is under construction between the two towns.
【句式升级】
③This great stone castle was constructed five hundred years ago.
→It was five hundred years ago that this great stone castle was constructed. (强调结构)
15. suit vt.适合；满足……需要；相配；合身n.西服；套装
There is Chinese food to suit everyone’s taste, with traditional dishes from all over China. (教材P32)
这里有来自中国各地的传统菜肴，满足每个人的口味需求。
★情景探究
①Chinese government try to provide assistance specifically designed to suit different regions and people during the epidemic.
中国政府努力提供针对不同地区、不同人群的疫情援助。
②I want a suit of workmanship and suitable for formal meetings.
我想要一套做工好并且适合参加正式会议的西装。
③Many of the fish caught for fun are not suitable for eating, so they are thrown away.
许多为了娱乐而钓来的鱼并不适合食用， 所以它们又被扔掉了。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
①suit sb. /one’s needs/taste 适合某人/某人的需要/口味
②suitable adj.适当的；合适的 be suitable for sb. /sth. 适合于某人/某物
be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事
③a suit of 一套……
【易混辨析】
suit/fit/match
suit 多指需要、口味、性格、条件、时间或衣物的颜色、款式的适合等
fit 多指大小、尺寸合适
match 多指色调、形状、性质相配
The size of the shirt fits me well and its colour matches my tie, so it really suits me.
这件衬衫的尺寸很适合我，颜色也和我的领带很相配，所以它真的很适合我。
★学以致用
【单句填空】
①To students, you’d better choose the activity which interests you and suits (suit) you.
②Suitable (suit) school uniforms can not only show good discipline but also make us look more active.
【一句多译】
③因为我精通英语，所以我的确认为我适合这项志愿者的工作。
→I do believe I am suitable for this voluntary work, because I have a good knowledge of English.
→I do believe this voluntary work suits me, because I have a good knowledge of English.
16. contain vt.包含；含有；容纳；克制
Does the city/town introduction contain all the important information？(教材P33)
城市/城镇介绍包含所有重要信息吗？
★情景探究
①She was unable to contain her excitement.
她无法抑制内心的激动。
②I was so angry. I just couldn’t contain myself.
我气愤极了，简直无法克制自己。
③I want a container for these cookies.
我想要一个容器装这些饼干。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
①contain oneself 克制自己 contain one’s feelings 抑制某人的感情
contain one’s anger 抑制某人的怒火 contain one’s excitement 控制某人的激动
②container n. 容器
【易混辨析】
contain/include
contain 着重指容纳或装载的量，或表示包含在内的成分
include 着重指被包含者只是整体的一部分
His schoolbag contains a lot of books，including a storybook.
他的书包里有很多书，包括一本故事书。
★学以致用
【单句填空】
①He was worried, because he lost his bag containing (contain) his passport, ID card and a lot of money.
②When he was criticized by the boss, he was so angry that he couldn’t contain himself (he).
【一句多译】
③饭后，她把一个装着一支旧钢笔的小盒子放在我的手里。
→After the meal, she placed a little box containing an old pen in my hand. (分词作定语)
→After the meal, she placed a little box which/that contained an old pen in my hand. (定语从句)
17. determined adj.有决心的；意志坚定的
However, some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space.(教材P40)
然而，一些科学家下定决心要帮助人类实现探索太空的梦想。
★情景探究
①She was determined to lose weight successfully this time.
这一次，她下定决心一定要减肥成功。
②His father made a determined effort to quit smoking.
他爸爸下定决心戒烟。
③It takes hard work and determination to reach the goals that we want to achieve.
达到我们想要实现的目标需要努力和决心。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
①be determined to do sth. 下定决心做某事
②determine vt.查明；确定；决定 determine to do sth. 决定做某事
determine on/upon (doing) sth. 决定(做)某事 determine that ... 决定……
③determination n. 决心；决定
【名师点津】
be determined (not) to do sth.表示一种延续的状态，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用，而determine to do sth.表示动作，不能与表示时间段的状语连用。类似用法的单词还有：
①
②
★学以致用
【单句填空】
①Determined (determine) to look after his parents well, he moved to live with them.
②He fought the illness with courage and determination (determine).
③I have determined on being an astronaut after graduation.
18. disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的
These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed, but the desire to explore the universe never died. (教材P41)
这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望，但对宇宙探索的渴望从未消失。
★情景探究
①He felt disappointed but he tried to put on a brave face.
他感到很失望，但还是强颜欢笑。
②For me, this is a disappointing result.
这对我来说是一个令人失望的结果。
③He was disappointed at not getting the job, but he soon got over it.
没有得到这个工作机会，他很失望。但很快，他克服了这种失落感。
④To my disappointment, he did not come.
使我失望的是他没有来。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
①be disappointed to do sth.因做某事而失望 be disappointed at/by sth.对某事感到失望
be disappointed with sb. 对某人感到失望
②disappointing adj.令人失望的
③disappointment n. 失望 to one’s disappointment 令某人失望的是
★学以致用
【单句填空】
①When hearing the disappointing (disappoint) news that he was banned from driving, the old man was very disappointed (disappoint).
②There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and disappointed (disappoint).
③To my great disappointment (disappoint), the council refused to consider my proposal.
19. desire n. 渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望
...but the desire to explore the universe never died. (教材P41)
……但对宇宙探索的渴望从未消失。
★情景探究
①I desire her to set to work at once.
我希望她立即开始工作。
②One thing they desired for themselves and their children was “plenty of work”.
他们只替自己和孩子祈求一件事，那就是：“人人有工作。”
③There is a desire for peace universally.
全世界都渴望和平。
④It is desired that we get everything ready by tonight.
希望我们在今晚之前把一切准备好。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
①have a strong desire
②desire to do sth. 渴望做某事 desire sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事
desire that ...(should) do sth.渴望……
【语境助记】
He has a strong desire to get his desirable things, he also desired that his son be admitted by a key university, so he desired his son to work hard at school.
他有一种强烈的欲望去得到他想要的东西，他也渴望他的儿子被一所重点大学录取，所以他渴望他的儿子在学校努力学习。
★学以致用
【单句填空】
①This photo reminds us that we all appreciate beauty and that we all share a common desire for pleasure.
②I desire that these letters (should) be burnt (burn) after I leave.
③I desire to contact (contact) him for some suggestions on improving my listening.
20. carry on 继续做，坚持干
This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.(教材P41)
这是因为尽管存在巨大的风险，人们仍然相信进行太空探索的重要性。
★情景探究
①Don’t stop. Please carry on.
别停。请继续。
②She threw the ball back to the boy and then carried on reading her book.
她把球扔回给男孩，然后继续看她的书。
③Can you carry on with your work while I am away
我不在的时候你能继续做你的工作吗？
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
①carry on (with) sth./doing sth. 继续(做)某事/做某事
②carry out 执行，实施；进行
③carry through 帮……渡过难关；把……进行到底
④carry off 成功地完成；赢得，获得(奖项)
★学以致用
【单句填空】
①The welldisciplined soldiers carried out their orders without question.
②That family has carried on a hardware business for five generations.
③His determination carried him through the sufferings.
④I was flattered to be offered the job but wasn’t sure if I could carry it off.
21. signal n. 信号；标志vi.& vt.标志着；标明；发信号
This signalled one step further in China’s plan to establish a space station in the future.(教材P41)
这标志着中国在未来建立空间站的计划又向前迈出了一步。
★情景探究
①Before the traffic signal turns green, please don’t cross the street.
在交通信号灯转换到绿灯以前，请不要穿越马路。
②The policeman signalled the driver to cross the road.
警察示意这位司机过马路。
③The guard seems to be signalling to us with his arms.
警卫似乎正在挥臂向我们发信号。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
①a danger/warning signal 危险/警告信号 traffic signals 交通信号
send out a signal 发出信号
②signal (to) sb. to do sth. 示意某人做某事 signal (sb.) that ...示意(某人)……
★学以致用
【单句填空】
①The police signalled (signal) (to) the driver to stop his car by raising his hand.
②Drivers who give signals (signal) before turning or stopping help prevent accidents.
【句式升级】
③A man stood up and signalled that he was strongly opposed to the plan.
→A man stood up, signalling that he was strongly opposed to the plan. (分词作状语)
IV、练习提升
一、阅读理解
A
Every language has a certain rhythm (节奏) and a certain way of approaching things or thinking about them. Learning or forgetting a language is thus not only about having or losing a means of communication. It is about seeing an entire culture either appear or fade away.
From the very first day of school, many schoolchildren have the experience of discovering one language — and the world of ideas which comes with it —and forgetting another one: the language they have known since infancy (婴儿期). Worldwide, four out of ten students do not have access to education in the language they speak or understand best; as a result, the foundation for their learning is fragile.
This distancing from the mother tongue affects us all, for the diversity of language is the common good. And the protection of it is a duty.
Technology can provide new tools for protecting the diversity of language. Such tools, for example, encouraging their spread and analysis, allow us to record and preserve languages which sometimes exist only in oral (口头的) form. Put simply, they make local languages a shared heritage.
However, because the Internet poses a risk of uniformization (一致化), we must also be aware that technological progress will serve plurilingualism (多语主义) only when we make the effort to ensure that it does. The designing of digital tools in several languages, the supporting of media development, and the supporting of access to connectivity all need to be done so that people can discover different languages without giving up their mother tongues.
The International Decade of Indigenous Languages, which began this year, should, by directing the efforts of researchers, broadcasters and speakers, push ahead with the protection of these invaluable sources of know-how and worldviews. As the lead agency for Decade-related work, UNESCO is fully committed to this cause.
On this International Mother Language Day, I thus call on everyone able to do so to defend the diversity of language and culture, which makes up the common grammar of our shared humanity.
1. What do we know from paragraph 1
A. Learning a new language isn’t easy. B. Some ideas in languages are often misread.
C. A language reflects the philosophy of its culture. D. Different languages are independent of each other.
2. What does the underlined word “fragile” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Insecure. B. Unfair. C. Satisfactory. D. Noticeable.
3. What does the author advise tech companies to do
A. Keep track of Internet users. B. Develop tools supporting multiple languages.
C. Make their every progress known to the public. D. Look for talented speakers of different languages.
4. What is the author’s appeal to everyone
A. Protecting mother tongues. B. Learning more than one language.
C. Having a good understanding of grammar. D. Learning about the development of languages.
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. A
【解析】这是一篇应用文。是一篇在国际母语日的致辞，号召大家要保护好自己的母语。
1. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Learning or forgetting a language is thus not only about having or losing a means of communication. It is about seeing an entire culture either appear or fade away. (因此，学习或忘记一门语言不仅仅是拥有或失去一种交流手段。而是直面一整个文化的出现或逝去)”可知，语言不光是一种交流手段，语言是还能够反应其某种文化的。故选C。
2. 词义猜测题。第二段提示词“as a result”表明划线词所在句子和前文构成因果关系。根据划线词前“Worldwide, four out of ten students do not have access to education in the language they speak or understand best. (在世界范围内，全世界每10名学生中就有4人无法获得以自己最能表达或理解的语言所提供的教育)”可知，他们无法获得以自己最能表达或理解的语言所提供的教育，导致的结果是他们的学习基础是“薄弱的，不牢靠的”，所以划线词fragile的意思和insecure意思相近。故选A。
3. 细节理解题。根据第五段“The designing of digital tools in several languages, the supporting of media development, and the supporting of access to connectivity all need to be done so that people can discover different languages without giving up their mother tongues. (设计多种语言的数字工具，支持媒体发展，支持连接，这些都需要做，这样人们就可以在不放弃母语的情况下发现不同的语言)”可知作者建议技术公司去研发多语言的数字工具。故选B。
4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“On this International Mother Language Day, I thus call on everyone able to do so to defend the diversity of language and culture, which makes up the common grammar of our shared humanity. (值此国际母语日之际，我呼吁所有有能力的人捍卫语言和文化的多样性，它们构成了我们共同人类的共同语法)”并结合第三段“This distancing from the mother tongue affects us all, for the diversity of language is the common good. And the protection of it is a duty. (这种与母语的距离影响到我们所有人，因为语言的多样性是共同的利益。保护它是一种责任)”可知作者呼吁要保护自己的母语，共同维护语言多样性。故选A。
B
As humanity sets their sights on deep space exploration, the moon becomes a stepping stone, with countries hoping to build lunar bases to support such missions. To solve the “lunch” problem, scientists have been exploring
the possibility of growing plants on the moon. A new study by Chinese scientists has found that bacteria in soil from Earth could offer a solution.
Researchers from China Agricultural University tested five species of bacteria on a material that simulated (模拟) lunar soil. Within a period of 10 to 21 days, three of the bacteria species had doubled their amount of phosphorus (磷) content, a key element for plant growth.
They then grew model plants in the lunar soil containing these three bacteria species. They observed that the plants had longer stems and roots after six days of growth compared with those grown without the bacteria. The plants also had heavier and wider leaves after 24 days of growth. Besides, levels of chlorophyll (叶绿素) — responsible for harvesting energy from light — in the model plants were about double that of those grown without bacteria.
“The study results have important implications for future long-term stays on the moon,” the study’s lead researcher, Sun Zhencai, told Xinhua. Earth bacteria may help astronauts make better use of lunar resources, such as creating lunar greenhouses. In their follow-up research, they hope to experiment with real lunar soil samples and grow crops like rice, com and potatoes.
Since the duration of space missions is increasing, carrying all food supplies to space becomes unsustainable. Hence, “space farmers” becomes critical.
During the Shenzhou XI mission, astronauts managed to grow lettuce, from sowing to harvest. In the later missions, the “space farmers” have successfully grown wheat, rice and thale cress (拟南芥), according to CCTV News.
The most recent visitors to China’s space station, the Shenzhou XVII astronauts, are now growing lettuce, scallion and cherry tomato. These “space farmers” not only provide astronauts with food but also more oxygen and water.
5. What do scientists hope the bacteria in soil from Earth can do
A. Change lunar soil. into Earth soil. B. Remove pollutants in lunar soil.
C. Help cultivate crops on the moon. D. Get nutrients from the lunar soil.
6. The scientists divided the plants used in the experiment into groups based on ________.
A. plant species B. bacteria species
C. the growth rate of the plants D. the presence of the bacteria
7. What is the main focus of the last two paragraphs on China’s “space farming”
A. Future missions. B. Recent achievements. C. Planting methods. D. Production processes.
8. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. Bacteria from: Earth May Help Grow Crops on the Moon
B. Bacteria Play a Key Role in Growing Crops Nowadays
C. China Has Made Many Achievements Regarding Crop Harvest
D. The Origin and Development of Space Exploration Worldwide
【答案】5. C 6. D 7. B 8. A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了科学家利用地球土壤中的细菌在月球上种植庄稼，介绍了实验开展的经过以及研究结果的意义。
5. 细节理解题。根据第一段“To solve the “lunch” problem, scientists have been exploring the possibility of growing plants on the moon. A new study by Chinese scientists has found that bacteria in soil from Earth could offer a solution. (为了解决“午餐”问题，科学家们一直在探索在月球上种植植物的可能性。中国科学家的一项新研究发现，地球土壤中的细菌可以提供解决方案。)”可知，科学家们希望地球土壤中的细菌能有助于在月球上种植庄稼。故选C。
6. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Researchers from China Agricultural University tested five species of bacteria on a material that simulated (模拟) lunar soil. Within a period of 10 to 21 days, three of the bacteria species had doubled their amount of phosphorus (磷) content, a key element for plant growth. (中国农业大学的研究人员在一种模拟月球土壤的材料上测试了五种细菌。在10到21天的时间里，其中三种细菌的磷含量增加了一倍，磷是植物生长的关键元素。)”以及第三段“They then grew model plants in the lunar soil containing these three bacteria species. (然后，他们在含有这三种细菌的月球土壤中种植模式植物。)”可知，科学家们根据细菌的存在将实验中使用的植物分为不同的组。故选D。
7. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“During the Shenzhou XI mission, astronauts managed to grow lettuce, from sowing to harvest. In the later missions, the “space farmers” have successfully grown wheat, rice and thale cress (拟南芥), according to CCTV News. (在神舟十一号任务期间，宇航员设法种植生菜，从播种到收获。据央视新闻报道，在后来的任务中，“太空农民”已经成功种植了小麦、水稻和拟芥蓝。)”以及最后一段“The most recent visitors to China’s space station, the Shenzhou XVII astronauts, are now growing lettuce, scallion and cherry tomato. These “space farmers” not only provide astronauts with food but also more oxygen and water. (中国空间站最近的访客——神舟十七号宇航员，现在正在种植生菜、大葱和圣女果。这些“太空农民”不仅为宇航员提供食物，还提供更多的氧气和水。)”可知，最后两段关于中国“太空农业”的重点是最近的成就。故选B。
8. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“As humanity sets their sights on deep space exploration, the moon becomes a stepping stone, with countries hoping to build lunar bases to support such missions. To solve the “lunch” problem, scientists
have been exploring the possibility of growing plants on the moon. A new study by Chinese scientists has found that bacteria in soil from Earth could offer a solution. (随着人类将目光投向深空探索，月球成为了一块垫脚石，各国都希望建立月球基地来支持这类任务。为了解决“午餐”问题，科学家们一直在探索在月球上种植植物的可能性。中国科学家的一项新研究发现，地球土壤中的细菌可以提供解决方案。)”结合文章主要说明了科学家利用地球土壤中的细菌在月球上种植庄稼，介绍了实验开展的经过以及研究结果的意义。可知，A选项“来自地球的细菌可能有助于在月球上种植庄稼”最符合文章标题。故选A。
二、七选五
The 24 solar terms are part of the traditional Chinese calendar. The Chinese people divided a year in-to 24 segments (片段) based on the sun’s position in the zodiac (黄道十二宫). 9 They reflect the changes of the seasons, climate and phenology (生物气候学). The Yellow River Basin in north-ern China is believed to be the cradle (摇篮) of the solar terms system.
Solar terms were instructions for agricultural production and people’s daily lives. They mark things like seasons, temperature, precipitation(降水), growth of the crops and weather conditions. 10 Most of the solar terms bear with them rich social and cultural meanings. For instance, during the “Start of Winter”, people eat dumplings. 11 , when people pay respect to those they have lost.
The ancient calendar remains relevant to this day. 12 , and we must protect it. The cultural legacy reflects the Chinese people’s respect for nature and tradition, their unique understanding of the universe, their wisdom to live in harmony with nature and the world’s cultural diversity, said Zhang Ling, an official with the Ministry of Culture in 2017.
13 . Their creativity and consciousness can bring new life to ancient culture. Many young people have already been contributing their energy and strength to this feat. In fact, they have been living up to this challenge through rather artistic means. Many photos, essays and paintings have centered around the theme of the 24 solar terms and expressed the vitality and rich tradition of Chinese history.
A. Each segment is called a solar term
B. The “Pure Brightness” is also referred to as Tomb-Sweeping Day
C. The sun’s positions bring about many things related to human life
D. Their wisdom for life and nature made the traditional festival popular today
E. It is the youth of China who can best help carry on this significant part of our culture
F. Many farmers still rely on the solar terms to work in the fields
G. This has long been a central element of life in China
【答案】9. A 10. F 11. B 12. G 13. E
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国古代的二十四节气是如何产生的。二十四节气到现在依然在被广泛运用，这也代表了中国人们对古代文化遗产的尊重，二十四节气将被中国的青年一代代传承下去。
9. 根据上文“The Chinese people divided a year in-to 24 segments (片段) based on the sun’s position in the zodiac (黄道十二宫). (中国人根据太阳在黄道十二宫中的位置将一年分为24个部分。)”可知，二十四节气划分的根据是太阳在黄道十二宫的位置，空处承上启下，A项“Each segment is called a solar term (每个部分称为节气)”指出了这二十四个部分与二十四节气的关系，与上下文一致，故选A项。
10. 根据上文“Solar terms were instructions for agricultural production and people’s daily lives. They mark things like seasons, temperature, precipitation (降水), growth of the crops and weather conditions. (节气是农业生产和人们日常生活的指示。它们标记了季节、温度、降水、农作物的生长和天气条件等。)”可知，节气对农业生产很重要，农民依靠节气，与F项“Many farmers still rely on the solar terms to work in the fields (许多农民仍然依靠节气在田间劳作)”上下文一致，Solar terms与solar terms前后呼应，故选F项。
11. 根据下文“when people pay respect to those they have lost. (当人们向他们失去的人表示敬意时。)”可指，空处所述应为清明节，与B项“The “Pure Brightness” is also referred to as Tomb-Sweeping Day .(“清明（Pure Brightness）”也被称为清明节)”上下文一致，符合文意，故选B项。
12. 根据上文“The ancient calendar remains relevant to this day. (古代历法至今仍具有现实意义。)”并结合下文“and we must protect it. (我们必须保护它)”可知，空处应为我们必须保护古代历法的原因，与G项“This has long been a central element of life in China (长期以来，这一直是中国生活的核心要素)”上下文一致，符合文意，故选G项。
13. 根据下文“Their creativity and consciousness can bring new life to ancient culture. Many young people have already been contributing their energy and strength to this feat. (他们的创造力和意识可以为古代文化带来新的生命。许多年轻人已经为这一壮举贡献了他们的精力和力量。)”可知，年轻人是传承文化的重要部分，与E项“It is the youth of China who can best help carry on this significant part of our culture. (中国的年轻人最能帮助传承我们文化的这一重要部分。)”上下文一致，符合文意，故选E项。
三、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Wang Yaping, China’s second female astronaut who is now on a six-month mission on board the country’s space station, has recently recorded a video message for the United Nations office, 1 (send) her greetings to
women around the world.
She said there are no significant differences in the ability of the sexes to adapt and work in space. “I hope all girls who are 2 (passion) about space guard your dreams. In space 3 (explore), women can complete the same training and assessment as men. 4 is predictable that more women will participate in manned spaceflight missions. It will have a very important impact 5 human exploring space. Although our nationalities, ethnicities and 6 (occupation) are different, we are making the world more lively, more harmonious and 7 (warm). I’d like to take this opportunity to thank every female for their selfless devotion,” she said.
Wang went into space on board the Shenzhou-13 Spaceship and entered the space station on Oct. 16, 2021, boarding on the six-month space mission. Wang 8 (be) in orbit for more than 130 days, with Wang setting a record for the most days in space by a Chinese astronaut.
On June 20, 2013, 9 Wang took her first space mission in the Shenzhou-10 Spaceship, she 10 (deliver) a 40-minute open class, China’s first live space lecture, to school children nationwide.
【答案】1. sending 2. passionate 3. exploration 4. It 5. on/upon 6. occupations 7. warmer 8. has been 9. when 10. delivered
【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章是一篇关于中国女宇航员王亚平在太空站任务期间为联合国录制视频消息，并向全世界女性致以问候的报道。
1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：中国第二位女航天员王亚平目前正在中国空间站执行为期六个月的任务，她最近为联合国办公室录制了一段视频信息，向世界各地的女性致以问候。非谓语动词担当状语，主语“Wang Yaping”和动词“send”之间存在主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填sending。
2. 考查形容词。句意：我希望所有热爱太空的女孩都能守护自己的梦想。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词担当从句的表语，意为“热情的、热爱的”。故填passionate。
3. 考查名词。句意：在太空探索中，女性可以完成与男性相同的训练和评估。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式，构成固定短语：space exploration，意为“太空探索”。故填exploration。
4. 考查代词。句意：可以预见，将有更多的女性参与载人航天任务。代词在句中担当形式主语，代指真正的主语——that引导的主语从句，用代词it；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填It。
5. 考查固定短语。句意：它将对人类探索太空产生非常重要的影响。短语：have an important impact on/upon，意为“对……有重要的影响”。故填upon/on。
6. 考查名词的数。句意：虽然我们的国籍、民族和职业不同，但我们正在使这个世界变得更生动、更和谐、更温暖。根据上文的“nationalities, ethnicities”可知，空处为可数名词的复数形式。故填occupations。
7. 考查形容词比较级。句意：虽然我们的国籍、民族和职业不同，但我们正在使这个世界变得更生动、更
和谐、更温暖。根据上文的“more lively, more harmonious”可判断，空处为形容词的比较级形式。故填warmer。
8. 考查时态。句意：王亚平已经在轨道上运行了130多天，她创造了中国宇航员在太空中停留时间最长的记录。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“for more than 130 days”可知，本句时态为现在完成时；主语为“Wang”，单数，谓语动词用has。故填has been。
9. 考查定语从句。句意：2013年6月20日，当王亚平乘坐神舟十号飞船执行她的第一次太空任务时，她给全国的学生们上了一堂40分钟的公开课，这是中国第一次现场太空讲座。这里为定语从句，先行词为“June 20, 2013”，在定语从句中担当时间状语，用关系副词when引导。故填when。
10. 考查谓语动词。句意：2013年6月20日，当王亚平乘坐神舟十号飞船执行她的第一次太空任务时，她给全国的学生们上了一堂40分钟的公开课，这是中国第一次现场太空讲座。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“On June 20, 2013”可知，本句时态为一般过去时。故填delivered。必修三 Unit 3-Unit 4 重点词汇及短语
I. Unit 1-Unit 2重点词汇及拓展
1. __________ adv.肯定；确实→__________ adj.明确的；确定的→__________ n. 释义；定义
2. __________ adj.不同的；多种多样的→__________ n. 多样性；差异(性)；不同(点)
3. __________ n. 机会；运气→__________ adj.幸运的；巧合的→__________ adv.幸运地→__________ adv.不幸地
4. __________ adj.(有关)历史的→__________ adj.历史上的；历史上重要的→__________ n.历史
5. __________ n. (外来)移民；外侨→__________ vi.移入；移居→__________ n. 移民人数；移居(入境)
6. __________ vt.选择；挑选；选拔→__________ n. 选择；挑选；选拔→__________ adj.精选的
7. __________ n. 少数民族；少数派；少数人→__________ adj.较小的；次要的vi.辅修
8. __________ n. 诗集；诗歌；诗作→__________ n. 诗人→__________ n. 诗；韵文
9. __________ adj.引起中毒的；有毒的；分泌毒素的→__________ n. 毒物；毒药；毒素vt.毒死；毒害
10. __________ vt.包；裹；折叠vt.& vi.(可)折小；(可)叠平→__________ vt.打开；呈现→__________ adj. 折叠的、褶曲的
11. __________ n. 作品集；收集物；收藏品→__________ vt.收集；采集→__________ adj. 集体的、共同的
12. __________ vt.& vi.定居；结束(争论)；解决(纠纷)→__________ n. 移民；定居点→__________ n. 移民；殖民者→__________ adj.稳定的；舒适自在的
13. __________ n. 建筑；建造；建造物；(句子、短语等的)结构→__________ v. 建造；修建→__________ adj. 建设性的、有助益的
14. __________ vt.适合；满足……需要；相配；合身n.西服；套装→__________ adj.适当的；合适的
15. __________ vt.包含；含有；容纳→__________ n. 集装箱；容器
16. __________ adj.精神的；思想的→__________ adv.精神上；智力上；思想上
17. __________ adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的→__________ n. 智力；才智；智慧
18. __________ vt.查明；确定；决定→__________ adj.有决心的；意志坚定的
19. __________ adj.失望的；沮丧的→__________ vt.使失望→__________ n. 失望
20. __________ adj.独立的；自立的→__________ adv.独立地；自立地
21. __________ vt.& vi.标志着；标明；发信号 n. 信号；标志→__________ n. 迹象；符号，记号；手势；指示牌
22. __________ vt.& vi.继承；继任→__________ n. 成功，胜利；成功的人或事物→__________ adj.成功的；有成就的→__________ adv.成功地；顺利地
23. __________ n. 世界；地球仪；地球→__________ adj.全球的；全世界的→__________ adv.全球地；全世界地
24. __________ vt.& vi.论证；争辩；争论→__________ n. 争论；论点；争吵
25. __________ v. 分析→__________ n. (对事物的)分析；分析结果(pl.__________)
26. __________ adj.定期的；经常的；正常的→__________ adv.定期地；经常→__________ adj.不规则的
27. __________ adj.有限的→__________ v. 限制；限定 n. 限制；范围，界限→__________ n. 限制；局限
28. __________ n. 神秘事物；谜→__________ adj.神秘的
II. Unit 1-Unit 2重点短语和句型
一、重点短语
1. head to ____________________ 2. seek one’s fortune ____________________
3. earn a living ____________________ 4. ethnic people ____________________
5. apart from ____________________ 6. diverse culture ____________________
7. used to ____________________ 8. in fact ____________________
9. the street art ____________________ 10. a gold rush ____________________
11. choose from ____________________ 12. open up shops ____________________
e to____________________ 14. be proud of ____________________
15. (at) first hand ____________________ 16. to name but a few ____________________
17. a very popular tourist draw ____________________
18. all year round ____________________ 19. settle in ____________________
20. turn into ____________________ 21. traditional Chinese culture ____________________
22. in the 1906 earthquake ____________________ 23. lots of/a lot of ____________________
24. the majority of ____________________ 25. a taste of ____________________
26. a range of ____________________ 27. suit everyone’s taste ____________________
28. varieties of ____________________ 29. look forward to ____________________
30. be curious about ____________________ 31. plenty of ____________________
32. know about ____________________ 33. carry on ____________________
34. on board ____________________ 35. in the hope of doing sth. ____________________
36. so as to (do sth.) ____________________ 37. figure out ____________________
38. due to ____________________ 39. be keen to do sth. ____________________
40. a shallow view ____________________ 41. make a difference ____________________
42. result in ____________________ 43. as a result ____________________
44. provide for sb. ____________________ 45. in closing ____________________
46. run out ____________________
二、重点句型
1. 句型公式：It＋系动词＋n./adj.(＋for/of sb. /sth.)＋to do sth.
教材原句：I have to admit that it definitely feels good to be back in the city again.
翻译：__________________________________________________
e.g. ①They all think that it seems very easy for him to finish the work.
他们都认为，对他来说完成这项工作似乎很容易。
②I admit that it feels excellent to go back to my hometown to see my grandparents.
我承认，回到家乡看望祖父母的感觉真是太好了。
③The teacher thought that it appeared unlikely for them to arrive on time.
老师认为看来他们不太可能准时到达了。
2. 句型公式：which引导非限制性定语从句
教材原句：In the same year, gold was discovered near San Francisco, which started a gold rush.
翻译：__________________________________________________
e.g.①Chinese dumpling is a traditional Chinese food, which is essential during holidays in northern China.
饺子是中国的传统食物，在北方的节日中不可或缺。
②She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was.
她对孩子们很耐心，她丈夫却很少这样。
③He said that he had never seen her before, which was not true.
他说以前从没见过她，这不是真的。
3. 句型公式：It is ...that ...强调结构
教材原句：It is a very popular tourist draw that receives more visitors each year than even the Golden Gate Bridge.
翻译：__________________________________________________
e.g.①It is in the gym that he often plays basketball with his classmates on weekends.
是在体育馆，他经常在周末和同学打篮球。
②It was an American man called Henry Ford who / that created the motor car as we know it today.
今天我们知道，是一个名叫Henry Ford的人创造了汽车。
③It was all his property that Mr. Smith left to his wife in 2013.
2013年史密斯先生留给他妻子的是他的全部财产。
4. 句型公式：with的复合结构
教材原句：It has a long and famous history, with the author Robert Louis Stevenson having spent much time writing there.
翻译：__________________________________________________
e.g.①From space the earth looks like a huge water-covered globe with a few patches of land sticking out above the water.
从太空看，地球就像一个巨大的被水覆盖的球体，水面上露出几块陆地。
②In parts of Asia you must not sit with your feet pointing at another person.
在亚洲的一些地方，你不能坐在那里，双脚指着另一个人。
③The girl sat there quite silent and still with her eyes looking at the ceiling of the house.
女孩静静地坐在那里，一动不动地盯着房子的天花板。
5. 句型公式：make＋宾语＋宾语补足语
教材原句：These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed, but the desire to explore the universe never died.
翻译：__________________________________________________
e.g. ①The news that our team had won made us very happy.
我们队获胜的消息使我们大家非常高兴。
②Our English teacher often makes us retell the texts.
我们的英语老师经常让我们复述课文。
③It’s too noisy. I can’t make my voice heard.
太吵了。我无法让别人听到我的声音。
6. 句型公式：This is because... 这是因为……
教材原句：This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.
翻译：__________________________________________________
e.g.①This is because people want to challenge themselves in the face of difficulties.
这是因为人们想要在困难面前挑战自己。
②This is because hydrogen fuel cells cost more.
这是因为氢燃料电池成本更高。
③That is because if investors grow less certain about interest rates, they also lose confidence about where value is in the credit or equity markets.
这是因为，如果投资者对利率变得不那么确定，他们也会对信贷或股票市场的价值丧失信心。
7. 句型公式：not only...but also... 不但……而且……
教材原句：Despite the difficulties, scientists hope future discoveries will not only enable us to understand how the universe began, but also help us survive well into the future.
翻译：__________________________________________________
e.g. ①He’s not only very fast, but he’s also got marvellous technique.
他不仅很快，而且技术高超。
②He not only washed the car, but polished it too (as well).
他不仅冲洗汽车，而且还擦拭了它。
③He not only goes to work on weekdays, but also on weekends.
他不仅工作日去上班，在周末也去上班。
8. 句型公式：can’t wait to do sth. 迫不及待做某事
教材原句：Yeah, I can’t wait to see Captain Brown!
翻译：__________________________________________________
e.g. ①They can’t wait to see the new manager.
他们迫不及待地见到新经理。
②She can’t wait to see her child.
她迫不及待地见到孩子。
③The old man can’t wait to build a new house.
这位老人迫不及待地建一座新房子。
9. 句型公式：省略句
教材原句：Countries around the globe are spending billions of dollars and lots of time on various space missions, whether to Mars or other planets much further away.
翻译：__________________________________________________
e.g. ①Where to go tomorrow has not been decided.
明天到什么地方去尚未决定。
②He has to learn how to collect water, hunt for food, and make fire.
他得学会收集淡水、寻找食物，生火什么的。
③You also need to learn the basic skills of rafting, such as how to handle the raft, how to paddle and how to get in and out of the raft.
你还需要学习基本划木筏的技巧，比如驾驭木筏的方法，划桨方法，上下木筏的方法。
III. 知识点精讲：考点精析
1. diverse adj.不同的；多种多样的
…explore the diverse cultures of the world. (教材P25)
……探索世界上不同的文化。
★情景探究
①The wild life in Africa is diverse from that in Asia.
非洲的野生动物与亚洲的不同。
②Lily has a great diversity of interests; she likes sports, travel and photography.
莉莉的兴趣非常多样，她喜欢运动、旅游和摄影。
③One of the best ways to improve your vocabulary is to read widely and diversely.
提高词汇量最好的方法之一就是广泛而多样地阅读。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
①be diverse from ... 和……不同
②diversity n. 差异(性)；不同(点)；多样性 a great/wide diversity of 多种多样的
③diversely adv.不同地；各种各样地
★学以致用
【单句填空】
①Forslan’s object is to gather as great a __________ (diverse) of genetic material as possible.
【一句多译】
②她的兴趣与她姐姐不同。
→Her interests ____________________ her sister’s.
→Her interests ____________________ her sister’s.
2. fortune n. 机会；运气
Every Chinese restaurant in America has fortune cookies.(教材P26)
在美国，每家中国餐馆都有幸运曲奇。
★情景探究
①The girl was fortunate enough to have her mother as a bosom friend.
这个女孩十分幸运有她的妈妈做知心朋友。
②Unfortunately, she locked herself out of the flat for leaving without keys this morning.
因为今天早上没带钥匙出门，她很不幸地把自己锁在了门外。
③Fortunately, the situation there is improving, as the process of political settlement is making progress.
幸运的是，随着政治协议的进程正在取得进展，那里的局势正在改善。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
①try one’s fortune 碰运气 make a fortune 发财；赚大钱 have the good fortune to do ...有幸做……
②fortunate adj.幸运的 unfortunate adj.不幸的
③fortunately adv.幸运地 unfortunately adv.不幸地
★学以致用
【单句填空】
①__________ (fortune), after a brief stay in hospital, Ben was well enough to be allowed to leave and later the family met up for dinner.
②I was fortunate __________ (enjoy) such attractive scenery in your hometown.
【完成句子】
③现在，社会上很多年轻人梦想着不努力工作就可以发大财。
Now there are many young people in our society dreaming of ______________________________.
3. admit vi.& vt.承认vt.准许进入(或加入)
I have to admit that it definitely feels good to be back in the city again.(教材P28)
我得承认，再次回到城里的感觉实在是太棒了。
★情景探究
①She apologised to me and admitted taking/having taken my umbrella by mistake.
她向我道歉并承认错拿了我的伞。
②You will not be admitted to the theatre after the performance has started.
演出开始后不许进入剧场。
③How does one gain admission to the Buckingham Palace
怎样才能获准进入白金汉宫？
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
①admit doing sth./having done sth. 承认做了某事 admit that ... 承认/认可……
admit sb. into ... 允许某人进入…… be admitted to/into 被(某校)录取；允许进入
②admission n. 【C】承认，供认；【U】准许加入；【U】入场费
★学以致用
【单句填空】
①For example, I have successfully got __________ (admit) as a volunteer for our school’s sports meeting, which is scheduled to be held at the end of this August.
②__________ (admit) to British universities depends on examination results.
【完成句子】
③她被北京大学录取了。这让她的父母非常高兴。
She __________ Peking University, which made her parents very happy.
4. head to (朝……)前进；(向……)去
In the afternoon, I headed to a local museum that showed the historical changes in California. (教材P28)
下午，我前往当地一家博物馆参观，博物馆展示了加利福尼亚的历史变迁。
★情景探究
①After the meeting I sent the recording file to the London office and headed back to the airport.
会议结束后我将录音文件发送给伦敦办事处然后返回了机场。
②Two heads are better than one.
三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮。
③That housewife kept her head and telephoned the fire department immediately.
那个家庭主妇保持冷静，并立即给消防队打了电话。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
①head vi.朝(某方向)行进vt.带领；居……之首；主管 head towards/for ... 朝……方向前进
head back to 回到 head north/south 朝北/南走
②head n. 头部；首领；(表示农场或牧群等的牲畜的数目)头
keep one’s head 保持冷静
★学以致用
【单句填空】
①I saw Tom heading __________ me, but I avoided meeting him.
②We lifted our __________ (head) to breathe in the fresh and clean air.
【完成句子】
③他意识到了他正在朝错误的方向前进。
He realized that he ______________________________.
5. seek vt. & vi.寻找；寻求；争取；(向人)请求
Over 300,000 people came from all over the world to seek their fortune, and San Francisco quickly became a big city. (教材P28)
来自世界各地的30多万人前来寻找成功致富之路，旧金山迅速成为了一座大都市。
★情景探究
①We seek to find a way to make us get along well with the people around us.
我们试图找到一种方法使我们和周围的人相处融洽。
②He is seeking after wealth and power all his life.
他一生都在追求财富和权力。
③The tourists sought out a shady spot where they sat down and rested.
游客找到一处阴凉的地方坐下休息。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
①seek through 找遍；搜查遍 ②seek to do sth. 试图做某事
③seek one’s fortune 寻找成功致富之路；闯世界 ④seek after/for 追求，寻求
⑤seek out 挑选出；找出
★学以致用
【单句填空】
①Legal advice should __________ (seek) before you take any further action.
②The farmers seek __________ (harvest) all the crops before it rains.
【完成句子】
③当你遇到麻烦的时候，你可以向你的老师寻求建议。
When in trouble, you can ______________________________.
6. earn vt.& vi.挣得；赚得；赢得；博得
To earn a living, some opened up shops and restaurants in Chinatown. (教材 P28)
为了谋生，有些人在唐人街开商店和餐馆。
★情景探究
①Saving a girl from the river earned him a good reputation.
从河里救起那个女孩为他赢得了好名声。
②The young man earns 100,000 dollars a year.
那个年轻人一年挣十万美元。
③Your outstanding ability will earn you a place on the team.
你非凡的能力会为你在团队中赢得一席之地。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
①earn/make a living by/from 靠……谋生 earn money/a fortune 挣钱/大钱
earn sb. praise/respect/a reputation 赢得赞扬/尊敬/名声 earn a place 获得一席之地
②earnings n. 收入；利润
★学以致用
【单句填空】
①What do you suppose us do __________ (earn) respect from others
②Devoted to his work, Mr Brown finally __________ (earn) his workmates’ respect by achieving success.
【完成句子】
③许多住在海边的人以渔业为生。
Many people who live along the coast __________ in fishing industry.
7. select vt.选择；挑选；选拔
I selected a Cantonese restaurant that served its food on beautiful China plates.(教材P29)
我选择了一家粤菜馆，那里的菜用漂亮的瓷盘盛着。
★情景探究
①Can you select a person as/to be a candidate to equal the engineer in ability
你能挑选一个与这位工程师能力相当的候选人吗？
②The final team selection will be made tomorrow.
明天将确定队伍的最后人选。
③He was selected from a great number of candidates.
他从众多的候选人中被选出来。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
①select sb. to do sth. 选择某人做某事 select sb. /sth. as ... 挑选某人/某物作为……
select sb. /sth. from ... 从……中选出某人/某物
②selection n. 挑选；选拔
③selected adj.挑选出来的；精选的
★学以致用
【单句填空】
①We ran out of the wood and I was selected __________ (go) and gather more.
②The players who __________ (select) from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.
【句式升级】
③Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology is changing so rapidly.
→____________________ a mobile phone for personal use because technology is changing so rapidly. (it作形式主语)
8. bring about 导致；引起
What do you think brought about the cultural diversity (教材P29)
你认为是什么导致了文化的多样性？
★情景探究
①A crisis brings out the best in her.
在紧急关头她会展现出优秀的品质。
②His new suggestion was brought up at the meeting.
他的新方案在会议上被提出来了。
③His work brings him in 1,000 dollars a month.
他每月有1 000美元的工作收入。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
①bring out 生产；出版；使显现 ②bring in 提出；赚得；吸引；宣布
③bring on 使发展；促使提高 ④bring up 抚养；抚育；呕吐；提出
⑤bring down 降低；减少
【名师点津】
除bring about外，常见的表示“引起；导致”的词汇还有：cause, result in, lead to, contribute to等。
★学以致用
【单句填空】
①In spite of tourism bringing __________ a lot of money to the locals, it brings __________ more than one
problem in turn.
②In the discussion, Jack came up with an idea that they should bring __________ the price of the bicycles.
【句式升级】
③I’m wondering what brought about the failure of the business.
→I’m wondering ____________________ the failure of the business.(强调句型)
9. claim vt. & n. 夺取(生命)；宣称；断言
Over 3,000 lives were claimed in the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and the series of fires that occurred after it. (教材P29)
1906年的旧金山地震和之后发生的一系列火灾夺去了3,000多人的生命。
★情景探究
①He claimed that it was all a trick against him.
他声称这一切都是一个针对他的诡计。
②You can claim your money back if the goods are damaged.
如果货物有损坏， 你可以要求退款。
③It is claimed that soap powders have polluted the water we drink.
据说肥皂粉污染了我们的饮用水。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
①claim to do sth. 声称做某事 claim sth. back 要回某物
It is claimed that ... 据称……
②make a claim for ... 向……索赔
★学以致用
【单句填空】
①The scientist claimed __________ (invent) a new kind of car.
②The victims in the accident made a claim __________ damages.
【一句多译】
③人们声称已经发现了一种治愈这种疾病的方法。
→People ____________________ a cure for the disease.
→__________ a cure for the disease has been discovered.
10. escape vi.& vt.逃走；逃脱；避开n.逃跑；逃脱；解脱
After visiting the southern part of Yunnan, I have to admit that it is the best province of China to escape the cold winter. (教材P29)
在游览了云南南部之后，我必须承认它是中国最适合躲避寒冷冬天的省份。
★情景探究
①He narrowly escaped being killed in the big earthquake.
他在大地震中险些丧命。
②The baby’s mother escaped from the fire along with two other children.
婴儿的母亲和另外两个孩子一起逃离了火海。
③He had a narrow escape from the fire, but the surface of his skin was severely burned.
他在这次火灾中死里逃生，但是体表被严重烧伤。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
①escape (doing) sth. 逃脱(做)某事 escape from/out of ... 从……逃跑，逃走
escape one’s attention/notice 逃过某人的注意；被某人遗忘
②have a narrow escape 死里逃生 make one’s escape 逃脱；逃走
★学以致用
【单句填空】
①The driver narrowly escaped __________ (kill) in the traffic accident.
②The world I once knew as being so simple is becoming more complex, I find myself needing a way __________ (escape).
【句型转换】
③She was lucky to escape punishment.
→She was lucky to escape __________.
11. fold vt.包；裹；折叠vt.& vi.(可)折小；(可)叠平
I really like that paper folding book, and my son likes that paper folding book, too.(教材P30)
我真的很喜欢那本折纸书， 我儿子也喜欢那本折纸书。
★情景探究
①The border guard folded his arms across his chest and glared the front.
边防战士双手交叉于胸前，怒视前方。
②Most umbrellas can fold up, so it’s easy to carry them.
大部分的伞可以折叠，所以方便携带。
③Many people just stood with folded arms, watching them fight wildly.
许多人只是抱着双臂站在那里，看着他们激烈地打架。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
①fold up 折叠起来 a folded letter 一封折叠的信 unfold vt.& vi.(使)展开；打开
②folder n. 文件夹
③folding adj.可折叠的
★学以致用
【单句填空】
①He was sitting with his arms __________ (fold).
②The table __________ (fold) up when not in use.
【完成句子】
③他把信对折放进一个信封里。
He __________ in half and put it in an envelope.
12. collection n. 作品集；收集物；收藏品
……it is even mentioned in the oldest collection of Chinese poetry.(教材P31)
……它甚至在中国最古老的诗集中被提及。
★情景探究
①All the students collected on the playground to do morning exercises.
所有的学生都在操场上集合做早操。
②The collection of these coins took him eight years.
收集这些硬币花了他8年时间。
③We are going to make a collection to buy flowers for Janet, who is ill in the hospital.
我们打算凑钱给珍妮特买花，她生病住院了。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
①art/coin/stamp collections 艺术品/硬币/邮票收藏
②a complete collection of ...……的全集
③a large/small collection of ...大/少量的……
④make a collection for 为……募捐
★学以致用
【单句填空】
①The attraction of the museum and gardens lies in the fact that its __________ (collection) date from the Middle Ages.
②The __________ (collect) of these stamps cost me ten years.
【完成句子】
③她从收藏品中挑选了一枚钻石戒指。
She selected a diamond ring ____________________.
13. settle vt.& vi.定居；结束(争论)；解决(纠纷)
Historically, Chinese immigrants settled in the area during the railroad construction and gold rush period. (教材P32)
历史上，在修筑铁路和淘金热时期，来自中国的移民定居于此。
★情景探究
①There is no doubt that it is the best way to settle the problem.
毫无疑问这是解决问题的最佳方式。
②They settled down to a serious discussion over coffee.
他们喝着咖啡，开始了认真的讨论。
③It is said that the first settlers of this country were soldiers.
据说第一批到达这个国家的移民是士兵。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
①settle in/into 安顿下来；习惯于；适应 settle down 舒适地坐下；(在某地)定居下来
settle down to doing sth. 开始认真做某事
②settlement n. 移民；定居点 settler n. 移民；殖民者
settled adj.稳定的；舒适自在的
★学以致用
【单句填空】
①Before we settle down to __________ (discuss) other things, I have a question to ask you.
②It is reported that the strikers have reached a __________ (settle) with the employers.
【句式升级】
③She has a lot of difficult problems to settle, so Meng is having a hard time.
→______________________________, Meng is having a hard time. (with的复合结构)
14. construction n. 建筑；建造；建造物；(句子、短语等的)结构
Historically, Chinese immigrants settled in the area during the railroad construction and gold rush period. (教材P32)
历史上，在修筑铁路和淘金热时期，来自中国的移民定居于此。
★情景探究
①The hut was constructed from trees that grew in the nearby forest.
这间小屋是用附近森林中的树木盖成的。
②China’s ambassador called the talks “very constructive” and said they would continue.
中国的大使称这次会谈“很有建设性”，并且说他们会继续下去。
③Our university dormitory is now under construction on a hillside in the north of the city.
我们的大学校舍正在兴建中，它建在这个城市北部的山坡上。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
①under construction 在建设中
②construct v. 修建；建造 construct a bridge 建一座桥
construct a theory 创建一个理论 be constructed from 由……建造而成
③constructive adj.建设性的
【联想助记】
其他“under＋名词”的结构
①under age 未成年；未达到规定年龄 ②under attack 遭受攻击
③under consideration 在考虑中 ④under control 在控制中
⑤under discussion 在讨论中 ⑥under examination 在检查中
⑦under pressure 在压力下 ⑧under repair 在修理中
★学以致用
【单句填空】
①We must hurry up with the __________ (construct) work so that we can finish it before the rainy season.
②A new highway is __________ construction between the two towns.
【句式升级】
③This great stone castle was constructed five hundred years ago.
→__________ five hundred years ago ______________________________. (强调结构)
15. suit vt.适合；满足……需要；相配；合身n.西服；套装
There is Chinese food to suit everyone’s taste, with traditional dishes from all over China. (教材P32)
这里有来自中国各地的传统菜肴，满足每个人的口味需求。
★情景探究
①Chinese government try to provide assistance specifically designed to suit different regions and people during the epidemic.
中国政府努力提供针对不同地区、不同人群的疫情援助。
②I want a suit of workmanship and suitable for formal meetings.
我想要一套做工好并且适合参加正式会议的西装。
③Many of the fish caught for fun are not suitable for eating, so they are thrown away.
许多为了娱乐而钓来的鱼并不适合食用， 所以它们又被扔掉了。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
①suit sb. /one’s needs/taste 适合某人/某人的需要/口味
②suitable adj.适当的；合适的 be suitable for sb. /sth. 适合于某人/某物
be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事
③a suit of 一套……
【易混辨析】
suit/fit/match
suit 多指需要、口味、性格、条件、时间或衣物的颜色、款式的适合等
fit 多指大小、尺寸合适
match 多指色调、形状、性质相配
The size of the shirt fits me well and its colour matches my tie, so it really suits me.
这件衬衫的尺寸很适合我，颜色也和我的领带很相配，所以它真的很适合我。
★学以致用
【单句填空】
①To students, you’d better choose the activity which interests you and __________ (suit) you.
②__________ (suit) school uniforms can not only show good discipline but also make us look more active.
【一句多译】
③因为我精通英语，所以我的确认为我适合这项志愿者的工作。
→I do believe I __________ this voluntary work, because I have a good knowledge of English.
→I do believe this voluntary work __________, because I have a good knowledge of English.
16. contain vt.包含；含有；容纳；克制
Does the city/town introduction contain all the important information？(教材P33)
城市/城镇介绍包含所有重要信息吗？
★情景探究
①She was unable to contain her excitement.
她无法抑制内心的激动。
②I was so angry. I just couldn’t contain myself.
我气愤极了，简直无法克制自己。
③I want a container for these cookies.
我想要一个容器装这些饼干。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
①contain oneself 克制自己 contain one’s feelings 抑制某人的感情
contain one’s anger 抑制某人的怒火 contain one’s excitement 控制某人的激动
②container n. 容器
【易混辨析】
contain/include
contain 着重指容纳或装载的量，或表示包含在内的成分
include 着重指被包含者只是整体的一部分
His schoolbag contains a lot of books，including a storybook.
他的书包里有很多书，包括一本故事书。
★学以致用
【单句填空】
①He was worried, because he lost his bag __________ (contain) his passport, ID card and a lot of money.
②When he was criticized by the boss, he was so angry that he couldn’t contain __________ (he).
【一句多译】
③饭后，她把一个装着一支旧钢笔的小盒子放在我的手里。
→After the meal, she placed a little box ____________________ in my hand. (分词作定语)
→After the meal, she placed a little box ____________________ in my hand. (定语从句)
17. determined adj.有决心的；意志坚定的
However, some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space.(教材P40)
然而，一些科学家下定决心要帮助人类实现探索太空的梦想。
★情景探究
①She was determined to lose weight successfully this time.
这一次，她下定决心一定要减肥成功。
②His father made a determined effort to quit smoking.
他爸爸下定决心戒烟。
③It takes hard work and determination to reach the goals that we want to achieve.
达到我们想要实现的目标需要努力和决心。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
①be determined to do sth. 下定决心做某事
②determine vt.查明；确定；决定 determine to do sth. 决定做某事
determine on/upon (doing) sth. 决定(做)某事 determine that ... 决定……
③determination n. 决心；决定
【名师点津】
be determined (not) to do sth.表示一种延续的状态，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用，而determine to do sth.表示动作，不能与表示时间段的状语连用。类似用法的单词还有：
①
②
★学以致用
【单句填空】
①__________ (determine) to look after his parents well, he moved to live with them.
②He fought the illness with courage and __________ (determine).
③I have determined __________ being an astronaut after graduation.
18. disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的
These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed, but the desire to explore the universe never died. (教材P41)
这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望，但对宇宙探索的渴望从未消失。
★情景探究
①He felt disappointed but he tried to put on a brave face.
他感到很失望，但还是强颜欢笑。
②For me, this is a disappointing result.
这对我来说是一个令人失望的结果。
③He was disappointed at not getting the job, but he soon got over it.
没有得到这个工作机会，他很失望。但很快，他克服了这种失落感。
④To my disappointment, he did not come.
使我失望的是他没有来。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
①be disappointed to do sth.因做某事而失望 be disappointed at/by sth.对某事感到失望
be disappointed with sb. 对某人感到失望
②disappointing adj.令人失望的
③disappointment n. 失望 to one’s disappointment 令某人失望的是
★学以致用
【单句填空】
①When hearing the __________ (disappoint) news that he was banned from driving, the old man was very __________ (disappoint).
②There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and __________ (disappoint).
③To my great __________ (disappoint), the council refused to consider my proposal.
19. desire n. 渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望
...but the desire to explore the universe never died. (教材P41)
……但对宇宙探索的渴望从未消失。
★情景探究
①I desire her to set to work at once.
我希望她立即开始工作。
②One thing they desired for themselves and their children was “plenty of work”.
他们只替自己和孩子祈求一件事，那就是：“人人有工作。”
③There is a desire for peace universally.
全世界都渴望和平。
④It is desired that we get everything ready by tonight.
希望我们在今晚之前把一切准备好。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
①have a strong desire
②desire to do sth. 渴望做某事 desire sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事
desire that ...(should) do sth.渴望……
【语境助记】
He has a strong desire to get his desirable things, he also desired that his son be admitted by a key university, so he desired his son to work hard at school.
他有一种强烈的欲望去得到他想要的东西，他也渴望他的儿子被一所重点大学录取，所以他渴望他的儿子在学校努力学习。
★学以致用
【单句填空】
①This photo reminds us that we all appreciate beauty and that we all share a common desire __________ pleasure.
②I desire that these letters __________ (burn) after I leave.
③I desire __________ (contact) him for some suggestions on improving my listening.
20. carry on 继续做，坚持干
This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.(教材P41)
这是因为尽管存在巨大的风险，人们仍然相信进行太空探索的重要性。
★情景探究
①Don’t stop. Please carry on.
别停。请继续。
②She threw the ball back to the boy and then carried on reading her book.
她把球扔回给男孩，然后继续看她的书。
③Can you carry on with your work while I am away
我不在的时候你能继续做你的工作吗？
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
①carry on (with) sth./doing sth. 继续(做)某事/做某事
②carry out 执行，实施；进行
③carry through 帮……渡过难关；把……进行到底
④carry off 成功地完成；赢得，获得(奖项)
★学以致用
【单句填空】
①The welldisciplined soldiers carried __________ their orders without question.
②That family has carried __________ a hardware business for five generations.
③His determination carried him __________ the sufferings.
④I was flattered to be offered the job but wasn’t sure if I could carry it __________.
21. signal n. 信号；标志vi.& vt.标志着；标明；发信号
This signalled one step further in China’s plan to establish a space station in the future.(教材P41)
这标志着中国在未来建立空间站的计划又向前迈出了一步。
★情景探究
①Before the traffic signal turns green, please don’t cross the street.
在交通信号灯转换到绿灯以前，请不要穿越马路。
②The policeman signalled the driver to cross the road.
警察示意这位司机过马路。
③The guard seems to be signalling to us with his arms.
警卫似乎正在挥臂向我们发信号。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
①a danger/warning signal 危险/警告信号 traffic signals 交通信号
send out a signal 发出信号
②signal (to) sb. to do sth. 示意某人做某事 signal (sb.) that ...示意(某人)……
★学以致用
【单句填空】
①The police __________ (signal) (to) the driver to stop his car by raising his hand.
②Drivers who give __________ (signal) before turning or stopping help prevent accidents.
【句式升级】
③A man stood up and signalled that he was strongly opposed to the plan.
→A man stood up, ____________________ he was strongly opposed to the plan. (分词作状语)
IV、练习提升
一、阅读理解
A
Every language has a certain rhythm (节奏) and a certain way of approaching things or thinking about them. Learning or forgetting a language is thus not only about having or losing a means of communication. It is about seeing an entire culture either appear or fade away.
From the very first day of school, many schoolchildren have the experience of discovering one language — and the world of ideas which comes with it —and forgetting another one: the language they have known since infancy (婴儿期). Worldwide, four out of ten students do not have access to education in the language they speak or understand best; as a result, the foundation for their learning is fragile.
This distancing from the mother tongue affects us all, for the diversity of language is the common good. And the protection of it is a duty.
Technology can provide new tools for protecting the diversity of language. Such tools, for example, encouraging their spread and analysis, allow us to record and preserve languages which sometimes exist only in oral (口头的) form. Put simply, they make local languages a shared heritage.
However, because the Internet poses a risk of uniformization (一致化), we must also be aware that technological progress will serve plurilingualism (多语主义) only when we make the effort to ensure that it does. The designing of digital tools in several languages, the supporting of media development, and the supporting of access to connectivity all need to be done so that people can discover different languages without giving up their mother tongues.
The International Decade of Indigenous Languages, which began this year, should, by directing the efforts of researchers, broadcasters and speakers, push ahead with the protection of these invaluable sources of know-how and worldviews. As the lead agency for Decade-related work, UNESCO is fully committed to this cause.
On this International Mother Language Day, I thus call on everyone able to do so to defend the diversity of language and culture, which makes up the common grammar of our shared humanity.
1. What do we know from paragraph 1
A. Learning a new language isn’t easy. B. Some ideas in languages are often misread.
C. A language reflects the philosophy of its culture. D. Different languages are independent of each other.
2. What does the underlined word “fragile” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Insecure. B. Unfair. C. Satisfactory. D. Noticeable.
3. What does the author advise tech companies to do
A. Keep track of Internet users. B. Develop tools supporting multiple languages.
C. Make their every progress known to the public. D. Look for talented speakers of different languages.
4. What is the author’s appeal to everyone
A. Protecting mother tongues. B. Learning more than one language.
C. Having a good understanding of grammar. D. Learning about the development of languages.
B
As humanity sets their sights on deep space exploration, the moon becomes a stepping stone, with countries hoping to build lunar bases to support such missions. To solve the “lunch” problem, scientists have been exploring the possibility of growing plants on the moon. A new study by Chinese scientists has found that bacteria in soil from Earth could offer a solution.
Researchers from China Agricultural University tested five species of bacteria on a material that simulated (模拟) lunar soil. Within a period of 10 to 21 days, three of the bacteria species had doubled their amount of phosphorus (磷) content, a key element for plant growth.
They then grew model plants in the lunar soil containing these three bacteria species. They observed that the plants had longer stems and roots after six days of growth compared with those grown without the bacteria. The plants also had heavier and wider leaves after 24 days of growth. Besides, levels of chlorophyll (叶绿素) — responsible for harvesting energy from light — in the model plants were about double that of those grown without bacteria.
“The study results have important implications for future long-term stays on the moon,” the study’s lead researcher, Sun Zhencai, told Xinhua. Earth bacteria may help astronauts make better use of lunar resources, such as creating lunar greenhouses. In their follow-up research, they hope to experiment with real lunar soil samples and grow crops like rice, com and potatoes.
Since the duration of space missions is increasing, carrying all food supplies to space becomes unsustainable. Hence, “space farmers” becomes critical.
During the Shenzhou XI mission, astronauts managed to grow lettuce, from sowing to harvest. In the later missions, the “space farmers” have successfully grown wheat, rice and thale cress (拟南芥), according to CCTV News.
The most recent visitors to China’s space station, the Shenzhou XVII astronauts, are now growing lettuce, scallion and cherry tomato. These “space farmers” not only provide astronauts with food but also more oxygen and water.
5. What do scientists hope the bacteria in soil from Earth can do
A. Change lunar soil. into Earth soil. B. Remove pollutants in lunar soil.
C. Help cultivate crops on the moon. D. Get nutrients from the lunar soil.
6. The scientists divided the plants used in the experiment into groups based on ________.
A. plant species B. bacteria species
C. the growth rate of the plants D. the presence of the bacteria
7. What is the main focus of the last two paragraphs on China’s “space farming”
A. Future missions. B. Recent achievements. C. Planting methods. D. Production processes.
8. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. Bacteria from: Earth May Help Grow Crops on the Moon
B. Bacteria Play a Key Role in Growing Crops Nowadays
C. China Has Made Many Achievements Regarding Crop Harvest
D. The Origin and Development of Space Exploration Worldwide
二、七选五
The 24 solar terms are part of the traditional Chinese calendar. The Chinese people divided a year in-to 24 segments (片段) based on the sun’s position in the zodiac (黄道十二宫). 9 They reflect the changes of the seasons, climate and phenology (生物气候学). The Yellow River Basin in north-ern China is believed to be the cradle (摇篮) of the solar terms system.
Solar terms were instructions for agricultural production and people’s daily lives. They mark things like seasons, temperature, precipitation(降水), growth of the crops and weather conditions. 10 Most of the solar terms bear with them rich social and cultural meanings. For instance, during the “Start of Winter”, people eat dumplings. 11 , when people pay respect to those they have lost.
The ancient calendar remains relevant to this day. 12 , and we must protect it. The cultural legacy reflects the Chinese people’s respect for nature and tradition, their unique understanding of the universe, their wisdom to live in harmony with nature and the world’s cultural diversity, said Zhang Ling, an official with the Ministry of Culture in 2017.
13 . Their creativity and consciousness can bring new life to ancient culture. Many young people have already been contributing their energy and strength to this feat. In fact, they have been living up to this challenge through rather artistic means. Many photos, essays and paintings have centered around the theme of the 24 solar terms and expressed the vitality and rich tradition of Chinese history.
A. Each segment is called a solar term
B. The “Pure Brightness” is also referred to as Tomb-Sweeping Day
C. The sun’s positions bring about many things related to human life
D. Their wisdom for life and nature made the traditional festival popular today
E. It is the youth of China who can best help carry on this significant part of our culture
F. Many farmers still rely on the solar terms to work in the fields
G. This has long been a central element of life in China
三、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Wang Yaping, China’s second female astronaut who is now on a six-month mission on board the country’s space station, has recently recorded a video message for the United Nations office, 1 (send) her greetings to women around the world.
She said there are no significant differences in the ability of the sexes to adapt and work in space. “I hope all girls who are 2 (passion) about space guard your dreams. In space 3 (explore), women can complete the same training and assessment as men. 4 is predictable that more women will participate in manned spaceflight missions. It will have a very important impact 5 human exploring space. Although our nationalities, ethnicities and 6 (occupation) are different, we are making the world more lively, more harmonious and 7 (warm). I’d like to take this opportunity to thank every female for their selfless devotion,” she said.
Wang went into space on board the Shenzhou-13 Spaceship and entered the space station on Oct. 16, 2021, boarding on the six-month space mission. Wang 8 (be) in orbit for more than 130 days, with Wang setting a record for the most days in space by a Chinese astronaut.
On June 20, 2013, 9 Wang took her first space mission in the Shenzhou-10 Spaceship, she 10 (deliver) a 40-minute open class, China’s first live space lecture, to school children nationwide.
